JP5430509B2 - Porous electrode substrate and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Porous electrode substrate and method for producing the same Download PDF

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JP5430509B2
JP5430509B2 JP2010155586A JP2010155586A JP5430509B2 JP 5430509 B2 JP5430509 B2 JP 5430509B2 JP 2010155586 A JP2010155586 A JP 2010155586A JP 2010155586 A JP2010155586 A JP 2010155586A JP 5430509 B2 JP5430509 B2 JP 5430509B2
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precursor
fibers
precursor sheet
fiber
porous electrode
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JP2012018824A (en
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宏人 龍野
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Description

本発明は,気体および液体燃料を使用する固体高分子型燃料電池に用いられる多孔質電極基材およびその製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a porous electrode substrate used in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using gas and liquid fuel and a method for producing the same.

燃料電池に設置されるガス拡散電極基材は従来,機械的強度を高くするために,炭素短繊維を抄造後,有機高分子で結着させ,これを高温で焼成して有機高分子を炭素化させたペーパー状の炭素/炭素複合体からなる多孔質電極基材であった(特許文献1参照)。   Conventionally, in order to increase the mechanical strength of gas diffusion electrode substrates installed in fuel cells, carbon short fibers are made into paper and then bound with an organic polymer, which is fired at a high temperature to convert the organic polymer into carbon. It was the porous electrode base material which consists of carbonized carbon / carbon composite (refer patent document 1).

また,低コスト化を目的として,酸化短繊維を抄造後,これを高温で焼成して酸化短繊維を炭素化させた多孔質電極基材が提案されている(特許文献2参照)。   For the purpose of cost reduction, a porous electrode base material has been proposed in which oxidized short fibers are made and then fired at a high temperature to carbonize the oxidized short fibers (see Patent Document 2).

さらには,低コスト化を目的として,炭素短繊維とバインダーからなるシートに,炭素粉とフッ素系樹脂からなるスラリーを塗工することで,炭素化工程を省略した多孔質電極基材が提案されている(特許文献3参照)。   Furthermore, for the purpose of cost reduction, a porous electrode substrate has been proposed in which the carbonization step is omitted by applying a slurry made of carbon powder and a fluororesin to a sheet made of carbon short fibers and a binder. (See Patent Document 3).

国際公開第2001/056103号パンフレットInternational Publication No. 2001/056103 Pamphlet 国際公開第2002/042534号パンフレットInternational Publication No. 2002/042534 Pamphlet 特表2008−503043号公報Special table 2008-503043 gazette

しかし,特許文献1の方法では,製造プロセスが複雑であり,高コストとなる問題があった。また特許文献2の方法では,低コスト化は可能であるものの,焼成時の収縮が大きく,得られる多孔質電極基材の厚みムラが大きいことやシートのうねりが大きいという問題があった。さらに特許文献3の方法では,低コスト化が可能であるが,厚み方向の導電性を高めるには炭素粉とフッ素系樹脂量を多くする必要があり,導電性とガス拡散性の両立が困難であるという問題があった。   However, the method of Patent Document 1 has a problem that the manufacturing process is complicated and the cost is high. In addition, although the method of Patent Document 2 can reduce the cost, there are problems that the shrinkage during firing is large, the thickness unevenness of the obtained porous electrode substrate is large, and the undulation of the sheet is large. Furthermore, the method of Patent Document 3 can reduce the cost, but it is necessary to increase the amount of carbon powder and fluorine-based resin in order to increase the conductivity in the thickness direction, and it is difficult to achieve both conductivity and gas diffusibility. There was a problem of being.

本発明は,上記のような問題点を克服し,シート強度が大きく,製造コストが低く,かつ十分なガス透気度および導電性を持った多孔質電極基材およびその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention overcomes the above problems, and provides a porous electrode substrate having a high sheet strength, a low production cost, and sufficient gas permeability and conductivity, and a method for producing the same. With the goal.

本発明者らは上記課題に鑑み鋭意検討を行った結果,炭素短繊維と酸化繊維前駆体短繊維および/またはフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維とを分散させた前駆体シートを製造し,前記前駆体シートを交絡処理して,3次元交絡構造を形成し,前記3次元交絡構造が形成された前駆体シートに,炭素粉を含浸させ,次いでフッ素系樹脂とを含浸させ,前記前駆体シートを熱処理することにより,シート強度が大きく,製造コストが低く,かつ十分なガス透気度および導電性を持った多孔質電極基材を製造できることを見出し,本発明を完成させた。   As a result of intensive studies in view of the above problems, the present inventors have produced a precursor sheet in which short carbon fibers and oxidized fiber precursor short fibers and / or fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fibers are dispersed. The body sheet is entangled to form a three-dimensional entangled structure, the precursor sheet on which the three-dimensional entangled structure is formed is impregnated with carbon powder, and then impregnated with a fluorine-based resin, The inventors have found that a porous electrode substrate having high sheet strength, low manufacturing cost, and sufficient gas permeability and conductivity can be manufactured by heat treatment, and the present invention has been completed.

すなわち本発明は,以下の(1)〜()の工程を含み、(3)の工程と(4)の工程の間および/または工程(4)と工程(5)の間に、前駆体シートを加熱加圧成型することを含む多孔質電極基材の製造方法である。
(1)炭素短繊維(A)と,1種類以上の酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)および/または1種類以上のフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)とを分散させた前駆体シートを製造する工程。
(2)前記前駆体シートを交絡処理して交絡構造を形成する工程。
(3)前記交絡構造が形成された前駆体シートに,炭素粉を含浸させる工程。
(4)炭素粉を含浸させた前駆体シートに,フッ素系樹脂を含浸させる工程。
(5)前駆体シートを150℃以上400℃未満の温度で熱処理する工程。
That is, the present invention is seen including a step following (1) to (5), during (3) of the process and during the process (4) and / or step (4) and the step (5), the precursor It is a manufacturing method of the porous electrode base material including heat-press-molding a body sheet .
(1) A precursor sheet in which short carbon fibers (A) and one or more kinds of oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b) and / or one or more kinds of fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fibers (b ′) are dispersed. Manufacturing process.
(2) A step of entanglement processing the precursor sheet to form an entangled structure.
(3) A step of impregnating the precursor sheet on which the entangled structure is formed with carbon powder.
(4) A step of impregnating a fluororesin into a precursor sheet impregnated with carbon powder.
(5) The process of heat-processing a precursor sheet | seat at the temperature of 150 to 400 degreeC.

前記製造方法において,前駆体シートに炭素粉及びフッ素樹脂を含浸させた後,熱処理を行う前に前記シートに加熱加圧成型を実施しても良い。また,前駆体シートに炭素粉を含浸させ,フッ素樹脂を含浸させる前に前記シートに加熱加圧成型を行っても良い。さらに,前駆体シートに炭素粉を含浸させ,フッ素樹脂を含浸させる前に前記シートを加熱加圧成型し,さらにフッ素樹脂を含浸させた後に加熱加圧成型し,熱処理を行っても良い。   In the manufacturing method, after the precursor sheet is impregnated with the carbon powder and the fluororesin, the sheet may be subjected to heat and pressure molding before the heat treatment. Alternatively, the precursor sheet may be impregnated with carbon powder, and the sheet may be subjected to heat and pressure molding before impregnating the fluororesin. Further, the precursor sheet may be impregnated with carbon powder, and the sheet may be heat-press molded before impregnating the fluororesin, and further heat-pressed after impregnating the fluororesin, followed by heat treatment.

本発明によれば,シート強度が大きく,製造コストが低く,かつ十分なガス透気度および導電性を持った多孔質電極基材を得ることができる。また,本発明の多孔質電極基材の製造方法によれば,前記多孔質電極基材を低コストで製造することができる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a porous electrode substrate having high sheet strength, low manufacturing cost, and sufficient gas permeability and conductivity. Moreover, according to the method for producing a porous electrode substrate of the present invention, the porous electrode substrate can be produced at a low cost.

本発明に係る多孔質電極基材の表面の走査型電子顕微鏡写真である。It is a scanning electron micrograph of the surface of the porous electrode base material which concerns on this invention.

<<多孔質電極基材>>
本発明の多孔質電極基材は,3次元構造体中に分散された炭素短繊維(A)と炭素粉が,酸化繊維(B)によって接合され,さらに前記炭素短繊維(A)と炭素粉と前記酸化繊維(B)とがフッ素系樹脂により被覆された3次元交絡構造体からなる。
<< Porous Electrode Base Material >>
The porous electrode substrate of the present invention comprises a short carbon fiber (A) dispersed in a three-dimensional structure and carbon powder joined by an oxidized fiber (B), and the short carbon fiber (A) and carbon powder. And the oxidized fiber (B) are made of a three-dimensional entangled structure covered with a fluorine-based resin.

多孔質電極基材は,シート状,渦巻き状等の形状をとることができる。シート状にした場合,多孔質電極基材の目付は90〜150g/m程度が好ましく,空隙率は50〜90%程度が好ましく,厚みは250〜350μm程度が好ましく,うねりは5mm以下が好ましい。多孔質電極基材のガス透気度は100〜30000mL/hr/cm/mmAqであることが好ましい。また,多孔質電極基材の厚さ方向の電気比抵抗(貫通方向比抵抗)は,2.0Ω・cm以下であることが好ましい。なお,多孔質電極基材のガス透気度および貫通方向比抵抗の測定方法は,後述する。 The porous electrode substrate can take a sheet shape, a spiral shape, or the like. When formed into a sheet, the basis weight of the porous electrode substrate is preferably about 90 to 150 g / m 2 , the porosity is preferably about 50 to 90%, the thickness is preferably about 250 to 350 μm, and the undulation is preferably 5 mm or less. . The gas air permeability of the porous electrode substrate is preferably 100 to 30000 mL / hr / cm 2 / mmAq. The electrical resistivity in the thickness direction of the porous electrode substrate (penetration direction resistivity) is preferably 2.0 Ω · cm or less. In addition, the measuring method of the gas permeability of a porous electrode base material and a penetration direction specific resistance is mentioned later.

<3次元交絡構造体>
本発明でいう3次元交絡構造体とは,後述するように,構造体を構成する炭素短繊維(A)と炭素粉が,酸化繊維(B)によって互いに絡まり合って接合され,さらにフッ素系樹脂とによって被覆された構造体である。
<Three-dimensional entangled structure>
The three-dimensional entangled structure referred to in the present invention is, as will be described later, short carbon fibers (A) and carbon powder constituting the structure are entangled and joined with each other by oxidized fibers (B), and further a fluorine-based resin. It is a structure covered with.

<炭素短繊維(A)>
多孔質電極基材を構成する炭素短繊維(A)は,3次元交絡構造体中で厚み方向に交絡しており,ポリアクリロニトリル系炭素繊維(以下「PAN系炭素繊維」という。),ピッチ系炭素繊維,レーヨン系炭素繊維等の炭素繊維を適当な長さに切断したものが挙げられる。多孔質電極基材の機械的強度の観点から,PAN系炭素繊維が好ましい。
<Short carbon fiber (A)>
The short carbon fibers (A) constituting the porous electrode base material are entangled in the thickness direction in the three-dimensional entangled structure, and are polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers (hereinafter referred to as “PAN-based carbon fibers”), pitch-based. What cut | disconnected carbon fiber, such as carbon fiber and rayon-type carbon fiber, to suitable length is mentioned. From the viewpoint of the mechanical strength of the porous electrode substrate, PAN-based carbon fibers are preferred.

炭素短繊維(A)の平均繊維長は,分散性の点から,2〜12mm程度であることが好ましい。炭素短繊維(A)の平均繊維径は,炭素短繊維の生産コストおよび分散性の面から,3〜9μmであることが好ましく,多孔質電極基材の平滑性の面から,4〜8μmであることがより好ましい。   The average fiber length of the short carbon fibers (A) is preferably about 2 to 12 mm from the viewpoint of dispersibility. The average fiber diameter of the short carbon fibers (A) is preferably 3 to 9 μm from the viewpoint of production cost and dispersibility of the short carbon fibers, and 4 to 8 μm from the smoothness of the porous electrode substrate. More preferably.

多孔質電極基材における炭素短繊維(A)の含有率は,炭素短繊維(A)と酸化繊維(B)の合計に対して,40〜90質量%が好ましい。多孔質電極基材の機械的強度を十分なものに保ち,さらに,十分な貫通方向抵抗とするため,炭素短繊維(A)の含有率は,炭素短繊維(A)と酸化繊維(B)の合計に対して,50〜90質量%がより好ましい。   The content of the short carbon fibers (A) in the porous electrode substrate is preferably 40 to 90% by mass with respect to the total of the short carbon fibers (A) and the oxidized fibers (B). In order to keep the mechanical strength of the porous electrode base material sufficient and to provide sufficient resistance in the penetration direction, the carbon short fiber (A) content is as follows: carbon short fiber (A) and oxidized fiber (B) More preferably, the content is 50 to 90% by mass.

<酸化繊維(B)>
酸化繊維(B)は,炭素短繊維(A)同士,および炭素短繊維(A)と炭素粉を接合する繊維であり,接合部において屈曲状または湾曲状になっている状態で存在し,それぞれが繊維構造を形成していても,3次元的な網目構造を形成していても良い。
<Oxidized fiber (B)>
Oxidized fiber (B) is a fiber that joins carbon short fibers (A) to each other, and carbon short fibers (A) and carbon powder, and exists in a bent or curved state at the joint, May form a fiber structure or a three-dimensional network structure.

多孔質電極基材における酸化繊維(B)の含有率は,炭素短繊維(A)と酸化繊維(B)の合計に対して,10〜60質量%が好ましい。多孔質電極基材の機械的強度を十分なものに保ち,さらに,十分な貫通方向抵抗とするため,酸化繊維(B)の含有率は,炭素短繊維(A)と酸化繊維(B)の合計に対して,10〜50質量%がより好ましい。   As for the content rate of the oxidation fiber (B) in a porous electrode base material, 10-60 mass% is preferable with respect to the sum total of a carbon short fiber (A) and an oxidation fiber (B). In order to keep the mechanical strength of the porous electrode base material sufficient and to provide sufficient penetration direction resistance, the content of the oxidized fiber (B) is that of the short carbon fiber (A) and the oxidized fiber (B). 10-50 mass% is more preferable with respect to the total.

<炭素粉>
炭素粉としては,カーボンブラック,またはカーボンブラックと黒鉛粉の混合物を用いることが,導電性の発現およびシート形状維持の点で好ましい。カーボンブラックは,一般に平均粒径が数十ナノメートルの一次粒子が互いに融着してストラクチャーを形成し,さらにストラクチャー同士がファンデアワールス力により結合した構造体(アグロメート)として存在する。一方,黒鉛粉は高結晶性のグラファイト構造からなり,一次粒子の平均粒径は一般に数マイクロメートル〜数百マイクロメートルである。カーボンブラックは単位質量当たりの粒子数が黒鉛粉に比べて著しく多く,ある臨界濃度以上でアグロメートが3次元ネットワーク状に連なって巨視的な導電経路を形成する。従って,炭素粉としては少なくともカーボンブラックを含有することが好ましく,その割合が炭素粉全体に対し70〜100質量%の範囲であることがより好ましく,80〜90質量%の範囲であることが特に好ましい。カーボンブラックの質量比を70質量%以上とすることで,3次元ネットワーク状の導電経路を形成しやすくする。一方,炭素粉としてカーボンブラックのみを含有する分散液は粘度が高くなりやすいため,炭素粉の濃度を維持したまま分散液の粘度を下げるために,黒鉛粉を10〜20質量%添加することが特に好ましい。
<Carbon powder>
As the carbon powder, it is preferable to use carbon black or a mixture of carbon black and graphite powder in terms of conductivity and maintenance of the sheet shape. Carbon black generally exists as a structure (agglomerate) in which primary particles having an average particle size of several tens of nanometers are fused together to form a structure, and the structures are bonded together by van der Waals force. On the other hand, graphite powder has a highly crystalline graphite structure, and the average primary particle size is generally several micrometers to several hundred micrometers. Carbon black has a significantly larger number of particles per unit mass than graphite powder, and agglomerates form a three-dimensional network to form a macroscopic conductive path above a certain critical concentration. Therefore, it is preferable to contain at least carbon black as the carbon powder, and the ratio is more preferably in the range of 70 to 100% by mass, particularly in the range of 80 to 90% by mass with respect to the entire carbon powder. preferable. By making the mass ratio of carbon black 70% by mass or more, a three-dimensional network-like conductive path can be easily formed. On the other hand, since a dispersion containing only carbon black as carbon powder tends to have a high viscosity, graphite powder may be added in an amount of 10 to 20% by mass in order to reduce the viscosity of the dispersion while maintaining the concentration of carbon powder. Particularly preferred.

カーボンブラックの種類としては,フォーネスブラック,チャンネルブラック,アセチレンブラック,ランプブラック,サーマルブラック,ケッチェンブラック等を用いることができるが,電気伝導性に優れるアセチレンブラックまたはケッチェンブラックがより好ましく,ケッチェンブラックが特に好ましい。黒鉛粉の種類としては,熱分解黒鉛,球状黒鉛,鱗片状黒鉛,塊状黒鉛,土状黒鉛,人造黒鉛,膨張黒鉛等を用いることができるが,電気伝導性に優れる熱分解黒鉛または球状黒鉛が好ましい。   For example, carbon black can be selected from fourness black, channel black, acetylene black, lamp black, thermal black, ketjen black, etc., but acetylene black or ketjen black having excellent electrical conductivity is more preferable. Chain black is particularly preferred. Pyrolytic graphite, spheroidal graphite, flake graphite, massive graphite, earthy graphite, artificial graphite, expanded graphite, etc. can be used as the type of graphite powder, but pyrolytic graphite or spheroidal graphite with excellent electrical conductivity is used. preferable.

<フッ素系樹脂>
フッ素系樹脂としては,特に限定されないが,テトラフルオロエチレン(TFE),ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(HFP),フッ化ビニリデン(VDF),クロロトリフルオロエチレン(CTFE),フッ化ビニル,パーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル,パーフルオロ(アリルビニルエーテル),パーフルオロ(ブテニルビニルエーテル)(PBVE),パーフルオロ(2,2−ジメチル−1,3−ジオキソール)(PDD)等のフッ素系モノマーの単独重合物または共重合物を用いることができる。また,これらとエチレンに代表されるオレフィン類との共重合物であるエチレン−テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体(ETFE),エチレン−クロロトリフルオロエチレン共重合体(ECTFE)等も用いることができる。これらのフッ素系樹脂の形態としては,溶媒に溶解した状態のものや,粒状の形態で水やアルコールなどの分散媒に分散している状態のものが,導電性の発現と炭素短繊維(A)と酸化繊維(B)とを接合した際のバインダー性能を発現できるという点で好ましい。溶液,分散液,あるいは粒状の形態で市販品の調達が容易なものとしては,ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE),テトラフルオロエチレン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(FEP),テトラフルオロエチレン−パーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル(PFA),ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)等があり,これらを用いることが取り扱い性,製造コストの観点からは好ましい。なお,これらのフッ素系樹脂は,撥水性を有している。
<Fluorine resin>
The fluororesin is not particularly limited, but includes tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), vinylidene fluoride (VDF), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), vinyl fluoride, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether, par Homopolymers or copolymers of fluorine monomers such as fluoro (allyl vinyl ether), perfluoro (butenyl vinyl ether) (PBVE), perfluoro (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole) (PDD) are used. be able to. Further, an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), an ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE), or the like, which is a copolymer of these and an olefin represented by ethylene, can also be used. As for the form of these fluororesins, those in a state dissolved in a solvent and those in a particulate form dispersed in a dispersion medium such as water or alcohol are used for the expression of conductivity and short carbon fibers (A ) And oxidized fiber (B) are preferable in that the binder performance can be expressed. Commercially available products in the form of solutions, dispersions, or granules include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), and tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl. There are vinyl ether (PFA), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), etc., and it is preferable to use these from the viewpoints of handleability and manufacturing cost. These fluororesins have water repellency.

<炭素粉,フッ素系樹脂>
炭素粉とフッ素系樹脂の質量比は,2:8〜8:2であることが,導電性の発現とバインダー性能の発現の点から好ましく,4:6〜7:3であることがより好ましい。
<Carbon powder, fluororesin>
The mass ratio of the carbon powder to the fluororesin is preferably 2: 8 to 8: 2, from the viewpoint of the expression of conductivity and the expression of binder performance, and more preferably 4: 6 to 7: 3. .

多孔質電極基材における炭素粉とフッ素系樹脂の合計の含有量は,導電性発現の観点から,炭素短繊維(A)と酸化繊維(B)の合計を100質量部としたとき,130〜300質量部が好ましく,180〜270質量部がより好ましい。   The total content of the carbon powder and the fluororesin in the porous electrode base material is from 130 to 100 parts by weight when the total of the short carbon fibers (A) and the oxidized fibers (B) is 100 parts by mass from the viewpoint of conductivity. 300 parts by mass is preferable, and 180 to 270 parts by mass is more preferable.

また,炭素粉あるいはフッ素系樹脂は,後述する炭素短繊維(A)と,1種類以上の酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)および/または1種類以上のフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)からなる3次元交絡構造前駆体シートに含浸する際の含浸性の点よりスラリー状であることが好ましい。分散溶媒としては,取り扱い性,製造コストの観点から,水,アルコールまたはこれらの混合物を用いることが好ましい。炭素粉分散液の濃度は,炭素粉からなる導電経路を形成するために4質量%以上が好ましく,低粘度で含浸性が高い分散液とするために8質量%以下が好ましく,6〜8質量%がより好ましい。フッ素系樹脂分散液の濃度は,多孔質電極基材への撥水性付与のために2質量%以上が好ましく,導電性を阻害しないために6質量%以下が好ましく,3〜6質量%がより好ましい。   Further, the carbon powder or the fluororesin is composed of carbon short fibers (A) described later, one or more kinds of oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b) and / or one or more kinds of fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fibers (b ′ From the point of impregnation property when impregnating the three-dimensional entangled structure precursor sheet made of As a dispersion solvent, it is preferable to use water, alcohol, or a mixture thereof from the viewpoints of handleability and production cost. The concentration of the carbon powder dispersion is preferably 4% by mass or more in order to form a conductive path made of carbon powder, preferably 8% by mass or less, and 6 to 8% by mass in order to obtain a dispersion having a low viscosity and high impregnation properties. % Is more preferable. The concentration of the fluororesin dispersion is preferably 2% by mass or more for imparting water repellency to the porous electrode substrate, preferably 6% by mass or less, more preferably 3 to 6% by mass in order not to impede conductivity. preferable.

分散溶媒として水を用いる場合には,炭素粉またはフッ素系樹脂を分散させるために,界面活性剤などの分散剤を用いることができる。分散剤としては特に限定されないが,ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテルなどのポリエーテル類や,ナフタレンスルホン酸塩などの芳香族スルホン酸塩類などを用いることができる。   When water is used as the dispersion solvent, a dispersant such as a surfactant can be used to disperse the carbon powder or the fluororesin. Although it does not specifically limit as a dispersing agent, Aromatic sulfonates, such as polyethers, such as a polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether, and a naphthalene sulfonate can be used.

<<多孔質電極基材の製造方法>>
本発明の多孔質電極基材は,以下の(1)〜(4)を含む工程により製造することができる。
(1)炭素短繊維(A)と,1種類以上の酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)および/または1種類以上のフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)とを分散させた前駆体シートを製造する工程。
(2)前記前駆体シートを交絡処理して交絡構造を形成する工程。
(3)前記交絡構造が形成された前駆体シートに,炭素粉を含浸させる工程。
(4)炭素粉を含浸させた前駆体シートに,フッ素系樹脂を含浸させる工程。
(5)前駆体シートを150℃以上400℃未満の温度で熱処理する工程。
<< Method for Producing Porous Electrode Base >>
The porous electrode substrate of the present invention can be produced by a process including the following (1) to (4).
(1) A precursor sheet in which short carbon fibers (A) and one or more kinds of oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b) and / or one or more kinds of fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fibers (b ′) are dispersed. Manufacturing process.
(2) A step of entanglement processing the precursor sheet to form an entangled structure.
(3) A step of impregnating the precursor sheet on which the entangled structure is formed with carbon powder.
(4) A step of impregnating a fluororesin into a precursor sheet impregnated with carbon powder.
(5) The process of heat-processing a precursor sheet | seat at the temperature of 150 to 400 degreeC.

また,前記製造方法の他の実施形態として,以下が挙げられる。
(i)前駆体シートに炭素粉及びフッ素樹脂を含浸させた後,熱処理を行う前に前記シートを加熱加圧成型する。
(ii)前駆体シートに炭素粉を含浸させ,フッ素樹脂を含浸させる前に前記シートを加熱加圧成型する。
(iii)前駆体シートに炭素粉を含浸させ,フッ素樹脂を含浸させる前に前記シートを加熱加圧成型し,さらにフッ素樹脂を含浸させた後に加熱加圧成型し,熱処理する。
(iv)炭素粉を含浸及びフッ素樹脂を含浸させた後に,次いで乾燥処理を実施する。
Moreover, the following is mentioned as other embodiment of the said manufacturing method.
(I) After impregnating the precursor sheet with carbon powder and fluororesin, the sheet is heated and pressed before heat treatment.
(Ii) The precursor sheet is impregnated with carbon powder, and the sheet is heated and pressed before being impregnated with the fluororesin.
(Iii) The precursor sheet is impregnated with carbon powder, the sheet is heated and pressure-molded before impregnating the fluororesin, and further impregnated with the fluororesin, and then heat-pressed and molded and heat-treated.
(Iv) After impregnating the carbon powder and impregnating the fluororesin, the drying treatment is then performed.

<酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)>
酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)は,長繊維状の酸化繊維前駆体繊維を適当な長さにカットしたものである。酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)の繊維長は,分散性の点から,2〜20mm程度が好ましい。酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)の断面形状は特に限定されないが,炭素化した後の機械的強度,製造コストの面から,真円度の高いものが好ましい。また,酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)の直径は,150℃以上400℃未満の温度で熱処理する時の収縮による破断を抑制するため,5μm以下であることがさらに好ましい。
<Oxidized fiber precursor short fiber (b)>
The oxidized fiber precursor short fiber (b) is obtained by cutting a long-fiber-shaped oxidized fiber precursor fiber into an appropriate length. The fiber length of the oxidized fiber precursor short fiber (b) is preferably about 2 to 20 mm from the viewpoint of dispersibility. The cross-sectional shape of the oxidized fiber precursor short fiber (b) is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of mechanical strength after carbonization and production cost, those having high roundness are preferable. The diameter of the oxidized fiber precursor short fiber (b) is more preferably 5 μm or less in order to suppress breakage due to shrinkage when heat-treated at a temperature of 150 ° C. or more and less than 400 ° C.

酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)として用いられるポリマーとしては,熱処理する工程における残存質量が20質量%以上であることが好ましい。熱処理する工程における残存質量が20質量%以上であるポリマーとしては,アクリル系ポリマー,セルロース系ポリマー,フェノール系ポリマーが挙げられる。   The polymer used as the oxidized fiber precursor short fiber (b) preferably has a residual mass of 20% by mass or more in the heat treatment step. Examples of the polymer having a residual mass of 20% by mass or more in the heat treatment step include acrylic polymers, cellulose polymers, and phenolic polymers.

酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)として用いられるアクリル系ポリマーは,アクリロニトリルの単独重合体でもよく,アクリロニトリルとその他のモノマーとを共重合体でもよい。アクリロニトリルと共重合されるモノマーとしては,一般的なアクリル系繊維を構成する不飽和モノマーであれば特に限定されないが,例えば,アクリル酸メチル,アクリル酸エチル,アクリル酸イソプロピル,アクリル酸n−ブチル,アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル,アクリル酸2−ヒドロキシエチル,アクリル酸ヒドロキシプロピルなどに代表されるアクリル酸エステル類;メタクリル酸メチル,メタクリル酸エチル,メタクリル酸イソプロピル,メタクリル酸n−ブチル,メタクリル酸イソブチル,メタクリル酸t−ブチル,メタクリル酸n−ヘキシル,メタクリル酸シクロヘキシル,メタクリル酸ラウリル,メタクリル酸2−ヒドロキシエチル,メタクリル酸ヒドロキシプロピル,メタクリル酸ジエチルアミノエチルなどに代表されるメタクリル酸エステル類;アクリル酸,メタクリル酸,マレイン酸,イタコン酸,アクリルアミド,N−メチロールアクリルアミド,ジアセトンアクリルアミド,スチレン,ビニルトルエン,酢酸ビニル,塩化ビニル,塩化ビニリデン,臭化ビニリデン,フッ化ビニル,フッ化ビニリデンなどが挙げられる。紡糸性および低温から高温にかけて炭素短繊維(A)同士,および炭素短繊維(A)と炭素粉を接合させることができ,熱処理時の残存質量が大きい点,さらに,後述する交絡処理を行う際の繊維弾性,繊維強度を考慮すると,アクリロニトリル単位を50質量%以上含有するアクリル系ポリマーを用いることが好ましい。   The acrylic polymer used as the oxidized fiber precursor short fiber (b) may be a homopolymer of acrylonitrile, or a copolymer of acrylonitrile and other monomers. The monomer copolymerized with acrylonitrile is not particularly limited as long as it is an unsaturated monomer constituting a general acrylic fiber. For example, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, Acrylic acid esters represented by 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, etc .; methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid Typical examples include t-butyl acid, n-hexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and diethylaminoethyl methacrylate. Methacrylic acid esters; acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, acrylamide, N-methylol acrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, styrene, vinyl toluene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinylidene bromide, vinyl fluoride, And vinylidene fluoride. Spinnability, carbon short fibers (A) can be bonded to each other, and carbon short fibers (A) and carbon powder can be bonded from low to high temperatures, and the remaining mass during heat treatment is large. Considering the fiber elasticity and fiber strength of the polymer, it is preferable to use an acrylic polymer containing 50% by mass or more of acrylonitrile units.

酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)として用いられるアクリロニトリル系ポリマーの重量平均分子量は,特に限定されないが,5万〜100万が好ましい。重量平均分子量が5万以上であることで,紡糸性が向上すると同時に,繊維の糸質が良好になる傾向にある。重量平均分子量が100万以下であることで,紡糸原液の最適粘度を与えるポリマー濃度が高くなり,生産性が向上する傾向にある。   The weight average molecular weight of the acrylonitrile-based polymer used as the oxidized fiber precursor short fiber (b) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50,000 to 1,000,000. When the weight average molecular weight is 50,000 or more, the spinnability is improved and the yarn quality of the fiber tends to be good. When the weight average molecular weight is 1,000,000 or less, the polymer concentration that gives the optimum viscosity of the spinning dope increases and the productivity tends to improve.

酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)は,1種類を用いてもよく,繊維直径やポリマー種が異なる2種類以上の酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)を用いてもよい。これらの酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)や後述するフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)の種類や炭素短繊維(A)との混合比によって,最終的に得られる多孔質電極基材中に酸化繊維(B)として残る割合が異なるので,目標とする酸化繊維(B)の含有量となるように適宜配合量を調整すればよい。   One type of oxidized fiber precursor short fiber (b) may be used, or two or more types of oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b) having different fiber diameters and polymer types may be used. Porous electrode base material finally obtained by the mixing ratio of these oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b), fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fibers (b ′) described later, and carbon short fibers (A) Since the ratios remaining as oxidized fibers (B) are different, the blending amount may be appropriately adjusted so as to achieve the target content of oxidized fibers (B).

<フィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)>
フィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維としては,繊維状の幹より直径が数μm以下(例えば0.1〜3μm)のフィブリルが多数分岐した構造を有する酸化繊維前駆体繊維や,叩解によってフィブリル化する酸化繊維前駆体短繊維を用いることができる。このフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維を用いることにより,前駆体シート中で炭素短繊維(A)とフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)が良く絡み合い,機械的強度の優れた前駆体シートを得ることが容易となる。フィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)の濾水度は特に限定されないが,一般的に濾水度が高いフィブリル状繊維を用いると前駆体シートの機械的強度が向上し,一方,多孔質電極基材のガス透気度が低下する。
<Fibrous oxidized fiber precursor fiber (b ')>
As the fibrillar oxidized fiber precursor fiber, an oxidized fiber precursor fiber having a structure in which a large number of fibrils having a diameter of several μm or less (for example, 0.1 to 3 μm) are branched from the fibrous trunk, or an oxidation that is fibrillated by beating. Fiber precursor short fibers can be used. By using this fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fiber, a precursor sheet having excellent mechanical strength is obtained by shortly entwining the short carbon fiber (A) and the fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fiber (b ′) in the precursor sheet. It is easy to obtain. The freeness of the fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fiber (b ′) is not particularly limited, but generally, the use of fibrillated fiber having a high freeness improves the mechanical strength of the precursor sheet, while it is porous. The gas permeability of the electrode substrate is lowered.

フィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)としては,濾水度,繊維直径またはポリマー種が異なる,フィブリルが多数分岐した構造を有する酸化繊維前駆体繊維を1種類または2種類以上用いることもでき,濾水度,繊維直径またはポリマー種が異なる,叩解によってフィブリル化する酸化繊維前駆体短繊維を1種類または2種類以上用いることもでき,これらを組み合わせて用いることもできる。   As the fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fiber (b ′), one or more oxidized fiber precursor fibers having different freeness, fiber diameter or polymer type and having a structure in which a large number of fibrils are branched may be used. One or two or more kinds of oxidized fiber precursor short fibers that differ in freeness, fiber diameter, or polymer type and fibrillate by beating can be used, or a combination of these can be used.

<フィブリルが多数分岐した構造を有する酸化繊維前駆体繊維>
フィブリルが多数分岐した構造を有する酸化繊維前駆体繊維として用いられるポリマーは,熱処理する工程(5)における残存質量が20質量%以上であることが好ましい。熱処理する工程(5)における残存質量が20質量%以上であるポリマーとしては,アクリル系ポリマー,セルロース系ポリマー,フェノール系ポリマーを挙げることができる。
<Oxidized fiber precursor fiber having a structure in which many fibrils are branched>
The polymer used as the oxidized fiber precursor fiber having a structure in which a large number of fibrils are branched preferably has a residual mass of 20% by mass or more in the heat treatment step (5). Examples of the polymer having a residual mass of 20% by mass or more in the heat treatment step (5) include acrylic polymers, cellulose polymers, and phenolic polymers.

フィブリルが多数分岐した構造を有する酸化繊維前駆体繊維に用いられるアクリル系ポリマーは,アクリロニトリルの単独重合体でもよく,アクリロニトリルとその他のモノマーとを共重合体でもよい。アクリロニトリルと共重合されるモノマーとしては,一般的なアクリル系繊維を構成する不飽和モノマーであれば特に限定されないが,例えば,アクリル酸メチル,アクリル酸エチル,アクリル酸イソプロピル,アクリル酸n−ブチル,アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル,アクリル酸2−ヒドロキシエチル,アクリル酸ヒドロキシプロピルなどに代表されるアクリル酸エステル類;メタクリル酸メチル,メタクリル酸エチル,メタクリル酸イソプロピル,メタクリル酸n−ブチル,メタクリル酸イソブチル,メタクリル酸t−ブチル,メタクリル酸n−ヘキシル,メタクリル酸シクロヘキシル,メタクリル酸ラウリル,メタクリル酸2−ヒドロキシエチル,メタクリル酸ヒドロキシプロピル,メタクリル酸ジエチルアミノエチルなどに代表されるメタクリル酸エステル類;アクリル酸,メタクリル酸,マレイン酸,イタコン酸,アクリルアミド,N−メチロールアクリルアミド,ジアセトンアクリルアミド,スチレン,ビニルトルエン,酢酸ビニル,塩化ビニル,塩化ビニリデン,臭化ビニリデン,フッ化ビニル,フッ化ビニリデンなどが挙げられる。中でも,紡糸性および低温から高温にかけて炭素短繊維(A)同士,および炭素短繊維(A)と炭素粉を接合させることができ,熱処理時の残存質量が大きい点,さらに,炭素短繊維(A)との交絡,シート強度を考慮すると,アクリロニトリル単位を50質量%以上含有するアクリル系ポリマーを用いることが好ましい。   The acrylic polymer used for the oxidized fiber precursor fiber having a structure in which a large number of fibrils are branched may be a homopolymer of acrylonitrile or a copolymer of acrylonitrile and other monomers. The monomer copolymerized with acrylonitrile is not particularly limited as long as it is an unsaturated monomer constituting a general acrylic fiber. For example, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, Acrylic acid esters represented by 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, etc .; methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid Typical examples include t-butyl acid, n-hexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and diethylaminoethyl methacrylate. Methacrylic acid esters; acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, acrylamide, N-methylol acrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, styrene, vinyl toluene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinylidene bromide, vinyl fluoride, And vinylidene fluoride. Among them, the short carbon fibers (A) and the short carbon fibers (A) and the carbon powder can be joined from the low temperature to the high temperature, and the remaining mass at the time of heat treatment is large. ), And an acrylic polymer containing 50% by mass or more of acrylonitrile units is preferably used.

フィブリルが多数分岐した構造を有する酸化繊維前駆体繊維の製造方法は,特に限定されないが,濾水度のコントロールが容易な噴射凝固法を用いることが好ましい。   The method for producing the oxidized fiber precursor fiber having a structure in which a large number of fibrils are branched is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use an injection coagulation method in which the freeness can be easily controlled.

<叩解によってフィブリル化する酸化繊維前駆体短繊維>
叩解によってフィブリル化する酸化繊維前駆体短繊維は,適当な長さにカットした長繊維状の易割繊性海島複合繊維であり,リファイナーやパルパーなどによって叩解しフィブリル化するものである。叩解によってフィブリル化する酸化繊維前駆体短繊維は,共通の溶剤に溶解し,かつ非相溶性である2種類以上の異種ポリマーを用いて製造される。その少なくとも1種類のポリマーは,熱処理する工程における残存質量が20質量%以上であることが好ましい。
<Oxidized fiber precursor short fibers that fibrillate by beating>
Oxidized fiber precursor short fibers that become fibrillated by beating are long-fiber, easily splittable sea-island composite fibers that have been cut to an appropriate length, and are beaten and refined by a refiner, a pulper, or the like. Oxidized fiber precursor short fibers fibrillated by beating are produced using two or more different types of polymers that are soluble in a common solvent and are incompatible. The at least one polymer preferably has a residual mass of 20% by mass or more in the heat treatment step.

易割繊性海島複合繊維に用いられるポリマーのうち,熱処理する工程における残存質量が20質量%以上であるものとしては,アクリル系ポリマー,セルロース系ポリマー,フェノール系ポリマーが挙げられる。   Among the polymers used for the easily splittable sea-island composite fibers, those having a residual mass of 20% by mass or more in the heat treatment step include acrylic polymers, cellulose polymers, and phenolic polymers.

易割繊性海島複合繊維に用いられるアクリル系ポリマーは,アクリロニトリルの単独重合体でもよく,アクリロニトリルとその他のモノマーとを共重合体でもよい。アクリロニトリルと共重合されるモノマーとしては,一般的なアクリル系繊維を構成する不飽和モノマーであれば特に限定されないが,例えば,アクリル酸メチル,アクリル酸エチル,アクリル酸イソプロピル,アクリル酸n−ブチル,アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル,アクリル酸2−ヒドロキシエチル,アクリル酸ヒドロキシプロピルなどに代表されるアクリル酸エステル類;メタクリル酸メチル,メタクリル酸エチル,メタクリル酸イソプロピル,メタクリル酸n−ブチル,メタクリル酸イソブチル,メタクリル酸t−ブチル,メタクリル酸n−ヘキシル,メタクリル酸シクロヘキシル,メタクリル酸ラウリル,メタクリル酸2−ヒドロキシエチル,メタクリル酸ヒドロキシプロピル,メタクリル酸ジエチルアミノエチルなどに代表されるメタクリル酸エステル類;アクリル酸,メタクリル酸,マレイン酸,イタコン酸,アクリルアミド,N−メチロールアクリルアミド,ジアセトンアクリルアミド,スチレン,ビニルトルエン,酢酸ビニル,塩化ビニル,塩化ビニリデン,臭化ビニリデン,フッ化ビニル,フッ化ビニリデンなどが挙げられる。中でも,紡糸性および熱処理工程における残存質量の観点から,アクリロニトリル単位を50質量%以上含有するアクリル系ポリマーを用いることが好ましい。   The acrylic polymer used for the splittable sea-island composite fiber may be a homopolymer of acrylonitrile or a copolymer of acrylonitrile and other monomers. The monomer copolymerized with acrylonitrile is not particularly limited as long as it is an unsaturated monomer constituting a general acrylic fiber. For example, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, Acrylic acid esters represented by 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, etc .; methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid Typical examples include t-butyl acid, n-hexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and diethylaminoethyl methacrylate. Methacrylic acid esters; acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, acrylamide, N-methylol acrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, styrene, vinyl toluene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinylidene bromide, vinyl fluoride, And vinylidene fluoride. Among them, it is preferable to use an acrylic polymer containing 50% by mass or more of acrylonitrile units from the viewpoint of spinnability and residual mass in the heat treatment step.

易割繊性海島複合繊維に用いられるアクリロニトリル系ポリマーの重量平均分子量は,特に限定されないが,5万〜100万が好ましい。重量平均分子量が5万以上であることで,紡糸性が向上すると同時に,繊維の糸質が良好になる傾向にある。重量平均分子量が100万以下であることで,紡糸原液の最適粘度を与えるポリマー濃度が高くなり,生産性が向上する傾向にある。   The weight average molecular weight of the acrylonitrile-based polymer used for the easily split sea-island composite fiber is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50,000 to 1,000,000. When the weight average molecular weight is 50,000 or more, the spinnability is improved and the yarn quality of the fiber tends to be good. When the weight average molecular weight is 1,000,000 or less, the polymer concentration that gives the optimum viscosity of the spinning dope increases and the productivity tends to improve.

易割繊性海島複合繊維に用いられるポリマーのうち,熱処理する工程における残存質量が20質量%以上であるものとして,上述するアクリル系ポリマーを用いた場合,他のポリマーとしては,そのアクリロニトリル系ポリマーと共通の溶剤に溶解し,紡糸原液とした場合に安定に存在することが必要である。すなわち,紡糸原液においては,2種のポリマーの非相溶性の度合いが大きい場合,繊維が不均質となるとともに,紡糸時における糸切れの原因となるため,繊維への賦形はできない場合がある。したがって,他のポリマーは,アクリロニトリル系ポリマーと共通の溶剤に溶解した場合に,アクリロニトリル系ポリマーに対して非相溶であるが,紡糸の際に海島構造を形成できる程度の混和性が必要である。また,湿式紡糸する場合,凝固槽,および洗浄槽において他のポリマーが水に溶解すると,脱落が起こり製造上問題であるため,他のポリマーは水に難溶性であることが必要である。   Of the polymers used for easily splittable sea-island composite fibers, the remaining mass in the heat treatment step is 20% by mass or more, and when the above-mentioned acrylic polymer is used, the other polymer is the acrylonitrile polymer. It must be stable when dissolved in a common solvent and used as a spinning dope. That is, in the spinning dope, if the degree of incompatibility between the two types of polymers is large, the fibers become inhomogeneous and cause yarn breakage during spinning, so the fibers may not be shaped. . Therefore, other polymers are incompatible with acrylonitrile polymers when dissolved in the same solvent as acrylonitrile polymers, but they must be miscible enough to form a sea-island structure during spinning. . In addition, in the case of wet spinning, if another polymer is dissolved in water in the coagulation tank and the washing tank, it will fall off and cause a problem in production. Therefore, the other polymer needs to be hardly soluble in water.

これらの要求を満足する他のポリマーとしては,例えば,ポリ塩化ビニル,ポリ塩化ビニリデン,ポリフッ化ビニリデン,ポリビニルピロリドン,酢酸セルロース,アクリル樹脂,メタクリル樹脂,フェノール樹脂などが挙げられるが,酢酸セルロース,アクリル樹脂およびメタクリル樹脂は,前述要件のバランスの点で,好ましく用いることができる。他のポリマーは,1種でもよく,2種以上でもよい。   Other polymers that satisfy these requirements include, for example, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose acetate, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, and phenolic resin. Resin and methacrylic resin can be preferably used from the viewpoint of balance of the above-mentioned requirements. The other polymer may be one type or two or more types.

叩解によってフィブリル化する酸化繊維前駆体短繊維として用いる易割繊性海島複合繊維は,通常の湿式紡糸法で製造することができる。炭素化処理する工程における残存質量が20質量%以上であるものとしてアクリロニトリル系ポリマーを用いた場合,他のポリマーとを混合した後,溶剤に溶解して,易割繊性海島複合繊維の紡糸原液とする。または,アクリロニトリル系ポリマーを溶剤に溶解して得られる紡糸原液と,他のポリマーを溶剤に溶解して得られる紡糸原液とを,スタティックミキサー等で混合し,易割繊性海島複合繊維の紡糸原液としてもよい。溶剤としては,ジメチルアミド,ジメチルホルムアミド,ジメチルスルフォキシドなどの有機溶剤を用いることができる。これらの紡糸原液を,ノズルより紡糸し,湿熱延伸,洗浄,乾燥および乾熱延伸を施すことで,易割繊性海島複合繊維を得ることができる。   The splittable sea-island composite fiber used as the oxidized fiber precursor short fiber that fibrillates by beating can be produced by an ordinary wet spinning method. When acrylonitrile-based polymer is used with the remaining mass in the carbonization process being 20% by mass or more, it is dissolved in a solvent after being mixed with other polymer, and a spinning undiluted sea-island composite fiber spinning solution. And Alternatively, a spinning stock solution obtained by dissolving an acrylonitrile polymer in a solvent and a spinning stock solution obtained by dissolving another polymer in a solvent are mixed with a static mixer or the like, and the spinning stock solution of an easily splittable sea-island composite fiber. It is good. As the solvent, organic solvents such as dimethylamide, dimethylformamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide can be used. These split spinning solutions are spun from a nozzle and subjected to wet heat drawing, washing, drying and dry heat drawing to obtain an easily splittable sea-island composite fiber.

叩解によってフィブリル化する酸化繊維前駆体短繊維の断面形状は,特に限定されない。分散性,熱処理時の収縮による破断を抑制するため,叩解によってフィブリル化する酸化繊維前駆体短繊維の繊度は,1〜10dtexであることが好ましい。   The cross-sectional shape of the oxidized fiber precursor short fiber that is fibrillated by beating is not particularly limited. In order to suppress dispersibility and breakage due to shrinkage during heat treatment, the fineness of the oxidized fiber precursor short fiber that is fibrillated by beating is preferably 1 to 10 dtex.

叩解によってフィブリル化する酸化繊維前駆体短繊維の平均繊維長は,分散性の観点から,1〜20mmが好ましい。   The average fiber length of the oxidized fiber precursor short fibers fibrillated by beating is preferably 1 to 20 mm from the viewpoint of dispersibility.

叩解によってフィブリル化する酸化繊維前駆体短繊維は,機械的外力により相分離界面の剥離により叩解して,その少なくとも一部分が割繊し,フィブリル化する。叩解方法は,特に限定されないが,例えば,リファイナーやパルパー,ビーター,または加圧水流の噴射(ウォータージェットパンチング)によりフィブリル化する方法が挙げられる。   Oxidized fiber precursor short fibers fibrillated by beating are beaten by exfoliation of the phase separation interface by mechanical external force, and at least a part of the fibers are split and fibrillated. The beating method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a refiner, a pulper, a beater, or a method of fibrillation by spraying a pressurized water stream (water jet punching).

叩解によってフィブリル化する酸化繊維前駆体短繊維を機械的外力により相分離界面の剥離により叩解する際の,叩解方法,叩解時間に依存して,フィブリル化の状態は変化する。フィブリル化の度合いを評価する方法として,濾水度評価(JIS P8121(パルプ濾水度試験法:カナダ標準型))を用いることができる。叩解によってフィブリル化する酸化繊維前駆体短繊維の濾水度は特に限定されないが,濾水度が小さくなるにつれ,3次元的な網目構造を形成した酸化繊維(B)が形成されやすくなり,十分な叩解を実施せず,濾水度が大きいままの叩解によってフィブリル化する酸化繊維前駆体短繊維を用いた場合は,繊維構造を形成した酸化繊維(B)が形成されやすくなる。   The state of fibrillation varies depending on the beating method and beating time when the oxidized fiber precursor short fibers fibrillated by beating are beaten by exfoliation of the phase separation interface by mechanical external force. As a method for evaluating the degree of fibrillation, freeness evaluation (JIS P8121 (pulp freeness test method: Canadian standard type)) can be used. The freeness of the oxidized fiber precursor short fibers that fibrillate by beating is not particularly limited, but as the freeness decreases, oxidized fibers (B) that form a three-dimensional network structure are more likely to be formed. When the oxidized fiber precursor short fibers that are fibrillated by beating with a high freeness are not used, the oxidized fibers (B) having a fiber structure are likely to be formed.

<前駆体シート製造工程>
前駆体シートを製造するにあたっては,液体の媒体中に,炭素短繊維(A)と,1種類以上の酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)および/または1種類以上のフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)とを分散させて抄造する湿式法;空気中に,炭素短繊維(A)と,1種類以上の酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)および/または1種類以上のフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)を分散させて降り積もらせる乾式法;などの抄紙方法を適用できるが,湿式法が好ましい。炭素短繊維(A)が単繊維に開繊するのを助け,開繊した単繊維が再収束することを防止し,さらに炭素短繊維(A)と1種類以上の酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)とを絡み合うことでシート強度が向上し,実質的にバインダーフリーとするためにも,1種類以上のフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)を使用し,湿式抄紙することが好ましい。
<Precursor sheet manufacturing process>
In producing a precursor sheet, carbon short fibers (A), one or more kinds of oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b) and / or one or more kinds of fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fibers are contained in a liquid medium. A wet method in which (b ') is dispersed to make paper; in the air, the carbon short fiber (A), one or more kinds of oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b) and / or one or more kinds of fibrillated oxidized fibers A paper making method such as a dry method in which the precursor fibers (b ′) are dispersed and deposited is applicable, but a wet method is preferred. Helps the short carbon fibers (A) to open into single fibers, prevents the opened single fibers from re-converging, and further reduces the short carbon fibers (A) and one or more oxidized fiber precursor short fibers ( It is preferable to use one or more kinds of fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fibers (b ′) for wet papermaking in order to improve the sheet strength by entanglement with b) and make the binder substantially free.

炭素短繊維(A)と,1種類以上の酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)および/または1種類以上のフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)とを分散させる媒体としては,例えば,水,アルコールなど,1種類以上の酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)および/または1種類以上のフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)が溶解しない媒体が挙げられるが,生産性の観点から,水が好ましい。   As a medium for dispersing the short carbon fiber (A), one or more kinds of oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b) and / or one or more kinds of fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fibers (b ′), for example, water From the viewpoint of productivity, a medium in which one or more kinds of oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b) and / or one or more kinds of fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fibers (b ′), such as alcohol, is not dissolved. Water is preferred.

前駆体シートは,連続法とバッチ法のいずれによっても製造できるが,前駆体シートの生産性および機械的強度の観点から,連続法で製造することが好ましい。前駆体シートの目付けは,10〜200g/m程度であることが好ましい。また,前駆体シートの厚みは,20〜400μm程度であることが好ましい。 The precursor sheet can be produced by either a continuous method or a batch method, but it is preferable to produce the precursor sheet by a continuous method from the viewpoint of the productivity and mechanical strength of the precursor sheet. The basis weight of the precursor sheet is preferably about 10 to 200 g / m 2 . Moreover, it is preferable that the thickness of a precursor sheet | seat is about 20-400 micrometers.

<交絡処理工程>
前駆体シート中の炭素短繊維(A)と,前駆体シート中の1種類以上の酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)および/または1種類以上のフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)とを交絡させる交絡処理は,3次元交絡交構造が形成される方法であれば特に限定はなく,ニードルパンチング法などの機械交絡法,ウォータージェットパンチング法などの高圧液体噴射法,スチームジェットパンチング法などの高圧気体噴射法,あるいはこれらの組み合わせによる方法で行うことができる。交絡処理工程での炭素短繊維(A)の破断を抑制でき,かつ十分な交絡性が得られるという点において,高圧液体噴射法が好ましい。
<Entanglement process>
Carbon short fibers (A) in the precursor sheet, one or more kinds of oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b) and / or one or more kinds of fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fibers (b ′) in the precursor sheet; There are no particular limitations on the entanglement process as long as a three-dimensional entangled structure is formed. Mechanical entanglement method such as needle punching method, high-pressure liquid injection method such as water jet punching method, steam jet punching method, etc. The high-pressure gas injection method or a combination thereof can be used. The high-pressure liquid injection method is preferable in that the short carbon fibers (A) can be prevented from breaking in the entanglement treatment step and sufficient entanglement can be obtained.

高圧液体噴射処理は実質的に表面平滑な支持部材上に前駆体シートを載せ,1MPa以上の圧力で噴射される液体柱状流,液体扇形流,液体スリット流等を作用させることによって,前駆体シート中の炭素短繊維(A)と,1種類以上の酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)および/または1種類以上とのフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)を交絡させる処理である。ここで,実質的に表面平滑な支持部材とは,支持部材の模様が得られる3次元交絡構造体に形成されることなく,かつ噴射された液体が速やかに除かれるようなものであればどのようなものでも用いることができる。その具体例としては,30〜200メッシュの金網またはプラスチックネットあるいはロール等を挙げることができる。   In the high-pressure liquid injection process, a precursor sheet is placed on a substantially smooth support member, and a precursor sheet is applied by applying a liquid columnar flow, a liquid fan-shaped flow, a liquid slit flow, or the like injected at a pressure of 1 MPa or more. It is the process which entangles the carbon short fiber (A) in the inside, one or more types of oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b), and / or one or more types of fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fibers (b ′). Here, the support member having a substantially smooth surface is any one that does not form a three-dimensional entangled structure in which the pattern of the support member can be obtained and can quickly eject the ejected liquid. Even such a thing can be used. Specific examples thereof include a 30-200 mesh wire net, a plastic net, or a roll.

実質的に表面平滑な支持部材上で,炭素短繊維(A)と,1種類以上の酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)および/または1種類以上のフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)からなる前駆体シートとのシート化を行った後,高圧液体噴射処理などによる前駆体シート中の炭素短繊維(A)と,1種類以上の酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)および/または1種類以上のフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)との交絡処理を行うことにより,3次元交絡構造前駆体シートが連続的製造でき,生産性の観点より好ましい。   A carbon short fiber (A) and one or more kinds of oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b) and / or one or more kinds of fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fibers (b ′) on a substantially smooth support member. After forming into a sheet with a precursor sheet made of the above, short carbon fibers (A) in the precursor sheet by high-pressure liquid injection treatment or the like, one or more kinds of oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b) and / or 1 A three-dimensional entangled structure precursor sheet can be continuously produced by performing an entanglement treatment with more than one kind of fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fiber (b ′), which is preferable from the viewpoint of productivity.

高圧液体噴射処理に用いる液体は,処理される繊維を溶解しない溶剤であれば特に制限はないが,通常は水を用いることが好ましい。水は,温水でもよい。高圧液体噴射ノズル中のそれぞれの噴射ノズル孔径は,柱状流の場合,0.06〜1.0mmが好ましく,0.1〜0.3mmがより好ましい。ノズル噴射孔と積層体の間の距離は,0.5〜5cm程度の範囲が好ましい。噴射圧力は1〜5MPaが好ましく,1.5〜4.5MPaがより好ましく,2〜4MPaが特に好ましい。噴射圧力を1MPa以上とすることで,3次元交絡構造前駆体シートが濡れた状態でも,自立シートとして取扱うことができる。また,噴射圧力を5MPa以下とすることで,シートの空隙率を確保しながらシート形態を維持することができる。   The liquid used in the high-pressure liquid jet treatment is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent that does not dissolve the fiber to be treated, but it is usually preferable to use water. The water may be warm water. In the case of a columnar flow, each jet nozzle hole diameter in the high-pressure liquid jet nozzle is preferably 0.06 to 1.0 mm, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.3 mm. The distance between the nozzle injection hole and the laminate is preferably in the range of about 0.5 to 5 cm. The injection pressure is preferably 1 to 5 MPa, more preferably 1.5 to 4.5 MPa, and particularly preferably 2 to 4 MPa. By setting the injection pressure to 1 MPa or more, even when the three-dimensional entangled structure precursor sheet is wet, it can be handled as a self-supporting sheet. Moreover, the sheet | seat form can be maintained, ensuring the porosity of a sheet | seat by making injection pressure into 5 Mpa or less.

交絡処理は,1列でも複数列行ってもよい。複数列行う場合,1列目よりも2列目以降の高圧液体噴射処理での圧力を高めることが有効である。   The entanglement process may be performed in one or more rows. When performing a plurality of rows, it is effective to increase the pressure in the high-pressure liquid ejecting process in the second and subsequent rows rather than the first row.

前駆体シートの高圧液体噴射による交絡処理は,複数回繰り返してもよい。即ち,前駆体シートの高圧液体噴射処理を行った後,さらに前駆体シートを積層し,高圧液体噴射処理を行ってもよいし,できつつある3次元交絡構造前駆体シートを裏返し,反対側から,高圧液体噴射処理を行ってもよい。また,これらの操作を繰り返してもよい。   The entanglement process by high pressure liquid injection of the precursor sheet may be repeated a plurality of times. That is, after performing the high pressure liquid injection treatment of the precursor sheet, the precursor sheets may be further laminated and the high pressure liquid injection treatment may be performed. , High-pressure liquid injection processing may be performed. These operations may be repeated.

3次元交絡構造前駆体シートを連続的に製造する場合,1列または複数列のノズル孔を備える高圧液体噴射ノズルをシートの幅方向に振動させることにより,シート化方向にシートの疎密構造の形成に由来する筋状の軌跡パターンを抑制することができる。シート化方向の筋状の軌跡パターンを抑制することにより,シート幅方向の機械的強度を発現することができる。また1列または複数列のノズル孔を備える高圧液体噴射ノズルを複数本使用する場合,高圧液体噴射ノズル本数をシートの幅方向に振動させる振動数,またその位相差を制御することにより3次元交絡構造前駆体シートに現れる周期的に模様を抑制することもできる。   When a three-dimensional entangled structure precursor sheet is continuously manufactured, a dense structure of sheets is formed in the sheeting direction by vibrating a high-pressure liquid jet nozzle having one or more rows of nozzle holes in the width direction of the sheet. The streak-like locus pattern derived from can be suppressed. By suppressing the streak-like trajectory pattern in the sheet forming direction, the mechanical strength in the sheet width direction can be expressed. Also, when using multiple high-pressure liquid jet nozzles with one or multiple rows of nozzle holes, three-dimensional confounding is achieved by controlling the frequency and phase difference of the high-pressure liquid jet nozzles that vibrate in the sheet width direction. It is also possible to suppress the pattern periodically appearing on the structural precursor sheet.

<炭素粉の含浸工程>
炭素粉を含浸する方法としては,3次元交絡構造前駆体シートに,炭素粉を付与することができる方法であれば特に限定されないが,コーターを用いて3次元交絡構造前駆体シート表面に炭素粉を均一にコートする方法,絞り装置を用いるdip−nip方法などを用いることができる。
<Carbon powder impregnation step>
The method of impregnating the carbon powder is not particularly limited as long as the carbon powder can be imparted to the three-dimensional entangled structure precursor sheet, but the carbon powder is applied to the surface of the three-dimensional entangled structure precursor sheet using a coater. A method for uniformly coating the film, a dip-nip method using a diaphragm device, and the like can be used.

加熱加圧成型工程の前に含浸を行うことで,シートを構成する炭素短繊維(A)や酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)および/またはフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)の間に,炭素粉が容易に浸透する。そのため,加熱加圧成型工程の後に含浸する場合に比べ,炭素粉の含浸量を多くすることができる点で好ましい。さらに,炭素粉はそれ自身がカーボンブラックのアグロメートを主体とする3次元ネットワークを形成するため,本工程により,炭素短繊維(A)と炭素粉が互いに連なった巨視的な導電経路が形成される。炭素短繊維(A)と炭素粉は,後述する熱処理工程および加熱加圧工程において,酸化繊維(B)によって接合される。酸化繊維(B)よりも導電性の高い炭素粉が介在することにより,炭素短繊維(A)と酸化繊維(B)のみからなる導電経路に比べ良好な導電性を示す。   By impregnation before the heat and pressure molding step, the carbon short fibers (A), oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b) and / or fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fibers (b ′) constituting the sheet are formed. In addition, carbon powder penetrates easily. Therefore, it is preferable in that the amount of impregnation of the carbon powder can be increased as compared with the case of impregnation after the heat and pressure molding process. Furthermore, since the carbon powder itself forms a three-dimensional network mainly composed of carbon black agglomerates, this step forms a macroscopic conductive path in which the carbon short fibers (A) and the carbon powder are connected to each other. . The short carbon fiber (A) and the carbon powder are joined by the oxidized fiber (B) in a heat treatment step and a heating and pressing step described later. By interposing carbon powder having higher conductivity than the oxidized fiber (B), better conductivity is shown compared to a conductive path consisting only of the short carbon fiber (A) and the oxidized fiber (B).

炭素粉の含浸回数は特に限定されないが,含浸回数を少なくする方が製造コストを低減できるという観点で好ましい。含浸回数を複数回とする場合,含浸する炭素粉のスラリーは同一のものを用いても,スラリー濃度やカーボンブラックと黒鉛の種類や混合比が異なるスラリーを用いても良い。また,炭素粉の含浸量は,3次元交絡構造前駆体シートの厚さ方向に均一であっても濃度勾配があっても良い。   The number of impregnations of the carbon powder is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to reduce the number of impregnations from the viewpoint that the manufacturing cost can be reduced. When the number of impregnations is multiple, the same carbon powder slurry may be used, or slurry having different slurry concentrations, types of carbon black and graphite, and mixing ratios may be used. Further, the impregnation amount of the carbon powder may be uniform in the thickness direction of the three-dimensional entangled structure precursor sheet or may have a concentration gradient.

<フッ素系樹脂の含浸工程>
フッ素系樹脂を含浸する方法としては,炭素粉が含浸された3次元交絡構造前駆体シートに,フッ素系樹脂を付与することができる方法であれば特に限定されないが,コーターを用いて前記シート表面にフッ素系樹脂を均一にコートする方法,絞り装置を用いるdip−nip法などを用いることができる。
<Fluorine resin impregnation process>
The method for impregnating the fluorine-based resin is not particularly limited as long as it is a method capable of imparting the fluorine-based resin to the three-dimensional entangled structure precursor sheet impregnated with the carbon powder. For example, a method of uniformly coating a fluorine resin or a dip-nip method using a drawing device can be used.

フッ素系樹脂は,前記炭素粉の含浸工程において形成された巨視的な導電経路を外側から被覆するように付与される。すなわち,フッ素系樹脂は炭素短繊維(A)と炭素粉からなる導電経路を分断することなく,同導電経路の表面に存在する。ただし,フッ素系樹脂の多くは繊維同士の交差点近傍に凝集しており,3次元交絡構造前駆体シートを構成する繊維の表面が隙間なくフッ素系樹脂に被覆されるわけではない。従って,多孔質電極基材においても基材表面から基材内部へと連なる導電経路は確保され,撥水性と導電性を両立させることができる。   The fluororesin is applied so as to cover the macroscopic conductive path formed in the carbon powder impregnation step from the outside. That is, the fluororesin exists on the surface of the conductive path without dividing the conductive path made of the short carbon fiber (A) and the carbon powder. However, most of the fluorine-based resins are aggregated in the vicinity of the intersection between the fibers, and the surface of the fibers constituting the three-dimensional entangled structure precursor sheet is not necessarily covered with the fluorine-based resin without a gap. Therefore, even in the porous electrode base material, a conductive path continuous from the base material surface to the inside of the base material is secured, and both water repellency and conductivity can be achieved.

従来のペーパー状の炭素/炭素複合体からなる多孔質電極基材は,通常,そのまま燃料電池のガス拡散電極基材として用いるのではなく,例えば次に示すような処理を経て燃料電池セルに組み込まれる。まず,多孔質電極基材に撥水性を付与するために,例えばアセトン等の有機溶剤により脱脂処理をした後にフッ素系樹脂が含浸される。さらに,燃料電池セルを組んだときにMEAと接する面については,水分管理層としてカーボンブラックを主体とする炭素粉緻密層が塗布される。   A conventional porous electrode substrate made of paper-like carbon / carbon composite is not usually used as it is as a gas diffusion electrode substrate of a fuel cell, but is incorporated into a fuel cell through the following treatment, for example. It is. First, in order to impart water repellency to the porous electrode substrate, for example, after degreasing with an organic solvent such as acetone, the fluororesin is impregnated. Further, a carbon powder dense layer mainly composed of carbon black is applied as a moisture management layer to the surface that contacts the MEA when the fuel cell is assembled.

これに対し,本発明ではカーボンブラックを主体とする炭素粉とフッ素系樹脂が効率的に導入されるため,多孔質電極基材ならびに燃料電池の製造コストを抑えることができる。   On the other hand, in the present invention, carbon powder mainly composed of carbon black and fluororesin are efficiently introduced, so that the manufacturing cost of the porous electrode substrate and the fuel cell can be suppressed.

フッ素系樹脂の含浸回数は特に限定されないが,含浸回数を少なくする方が製造コストを低減できるという観点で好ましい。含浸回数を複数回とする場合,含浸するフッ素系樹脂のスラリーは同一のものを用いても,スラリー濃度やフッ素系樹脂の種類が異なるスラリーを用いても良い。また,フッ素系樹脂の含浸量は3次元交絡構造前駆体シートの厚さ方向に均一であっても,濃度勾配があっても良い。   The number of impregnations of the fluorine-based resin is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to reduce the number of impregnations from the viewpoint of reducing the manufacturing cost. When the number of impregnations is plural, the same fluororesin slurry to be impregnated may be used, or slurries with different slurry concentrations or different fluororesin types may be used. Further, the impregnation amount of the fluorine-based resin may be uniform in the thickness direction of the three-dimensional entangled structure precursor sheet or may have a concentration gradient.

<熱処理工程>
1種類以上の酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)および/または1種類以上のフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)による,炭素短繊維(A)および炭素粉の融着を良好に行い,かつ,フッ素系樹脂を焼結し,炭素短繊維(A)と酸化繊維(B)および炭素粉との接合を良好に行うという観点から,炭素粉およびフッ素系樹脂を含浸した前駆体シートを,150℃以上400℃未満の温度で熱処理することが好ましい。熱処理の温度は,フッ素系樹脂を軟化・溶融させるために200℃以上が好ましく,フッ素系樹脂の熱分解を抑制するために400℃未満の温度が好ましく,300〜370℃の温度がより好ましい。
<Heat treatment process>
The carbon short fiber (A) and the carbon powder are fused well by one or more kinds of oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b) and / or one or more kinds of fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fibers (b ′), And, from the viewpoint of sintering the fluororesin and satisfactorily joining the carbon short fibers (A), the oxidized fibers (B), and the carbon powder, a precursor sheet impregnated with the carbon powder and the fluororesin, Heat treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of 150 ° C. or higher and lower than 400 ° C. The heat treatment temperature is preferably 200 ° C. or higher in order to soften and melt the fluororesin, preferably less than 400 ° C., more preferably 300 to 370 ° C. in order to suppress thermal decomposition of the fluororesin.

熱処理の方法としては,特に限定されないが,高温雰囲気炉や遠赤外線加熱炉により熱処理する方法や,熱板や熱ロールなどによる直接加熱処理の方法などが適用できる。熱処理の時間は,例えば1分間〜2時間とすることができる。   The heat treatment method is not particularly limited, and a heat treatment method using a high-temperature atmosphere furnace or a far-infrared heating furnace, a direct heat treatment method using a hot plate, a hot roll, or the like can be applied. The heat treatment time can be, for example, 1 minute to 2 hours.

連続的に製造された3次元交絡構造前駆体シートを熱処理する場合は,製造コスト低減化の観点から,前駆体シートの全長にわたって連続で熱処理を行うことが好ましい。多孔質電極基材が長尺であれば,多孔質電極基材の生産性が高くなり,かつその後のMEA製造も連続で行うことができるので,燃料電池の製造コストを低減できる。また,多孔質電極基材や燃料電池の生産性および製造コスト低減化の観点から,製造された多孔質電極基材を連続的に巻き取ることが好ましい。   When heat-treating a continuously manufactured three-dimensional entangled structure precursor sheet, it is preferable to perform heat treatment continuously over the entire length of the precursor sheet from the viewpoint of reducing manufacturing costs. If the porous electrode base material is long, the productivity of the porous electrode base material is increased, and the subsequent MEA manufacturing can be performed continuously, so that the manufacturing cost of the fuel cell can be reduced. Moreover, it is preferable to continuously wind up the produced porous electrode substrate from the viewpoint of productivity of the porous electrode substrate and the fuel cell and reduction in production cost.

<加熱加圧成型工程>
炭素短繊維(A)および炭素粉を1種類以上の酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)および/または1種類以上のフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)で融着させ,かつ多孔質電極基材の厚みムラを低減させ,さらに,交絡処理によりシート表面に毛羽立った状態となった炭素短繊維(A)と1種類以上の酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)および/または1種類以上のフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)とのシート表面近傍における毛羽立ちを抑制し,燃料電池として組み込んだ際の短絡電流やガスリークを抑制するという観点から,炭素粉あるいはフッ素系樹脂を含浸した後に,前駆体シートを加熱加圧成型することが好ましい。
<Heat and pressure molding process>
A porous electrode obtained by fusing carbon short fibers (A) and carbon powder with one or more kinds of oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b) and / or one or more kinds of fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fibers (b ′) The carbon short fiber (A) and the one or more kinds of oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b) and / or one or more kinds of short fibers which are reduced in thickness unevenness of the base material and become fluffy on the sheet surface by the entanglement treatment After impregnating with carbon powder or fluorine-based resin from the viewpoint of suppressing fuzz in the vicinity of the sheet surface with the fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fiber (b ′) and suppressing short circuit current and gas leakage when incorporated as a fuel cell The precursor sheet is preferably heated and pressed.

加熱加圧成型の方法としては,前駆体シートを均等に加熱加圧成型できる技術であれば,いかなる技術も適用できる。例えば,前駆体シートの両面に平滑な剛板を当てて熱プレスする方法,熱ロールプレス装置または連続ベルトプレス装置を用いる方法が挙げられる。連続的に製造された前駆体シートを加熱加圧成型する場合には,熱ロールプレス装置または連続ベルトプレス装置を用いる方法が好ましい。これによって,熱処理を連続で行うことができる。   As a method of heat and pressure molding, any technology can be applied as long as it is a technology that can uniformly heat and mold the precursor sheet. For example, a method in which a smooth rigid plate is applied to both surfaces of the precursor sheet and heat-pressed, a method using a hot roll press device or a continuous belt press device can be mentioned. When a continuously manufactured precursor sheet is heated and pressed, a method using a hot roll press device or a continuous belt press device is preferable. Thus, the heat treatment can be performed continuously.

加熱加圧成型における加熱温度は,前駆体シートの表面を効果的に平滑にするために,200℃未満が好ましく,120〜190℃がより好ましい。加熱加圧成型の時間は,例えば30秒〜10分とすることができる。   In order to effectively smooth the surface of the precursor sheet, the heating temperature in the heat and pressure molding is preferably less than 200 ° C, more preferably 120 to 190 ° C. The time for heat and pressure molding can be, for example, 30 seconds to 10 minutes.

成型圧力は特に限定されないが,前駆体シート中における1種類以上の酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)および/または1種類以上のフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)の含有比率が高い場合は,成型圧が低くても容易に前駆体シートの表面を平滑にすることができる。このとき必要以上にプレス圧を高くすると,加熱加圧成型時に炭素短繊維(A)が破壊されるという問題や,多孔質電極基材の組織が緻密になりすぎるという問題等が生じる可能性がある。成型圧力は,20kPa〜10MPa程度が好ましい。   The molding pressure is not particularly limited, but the content ratio of one or more kinds of oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b) and / or one or more kinds of fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fibers (b ′) in the precursor sheet is high. Can easily smooth the surface of the precursor sheet even when the molding pressure is low. At this time, if the press pressure is increased more than necessary, the short carbon fibers (A) may be destroyed during the heat and pressure molding, or the porous electrode base material may become too dense. is there. The molding pressure is preferably about 20 kPa to 10 MPa.

前駆体シートを2枚の剛板に挟んで,または熱ロールプレス装置や連続ベルトプレス装置で加熱加圧成型する時は,剛板やロール,ベルトに1種類以上の酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)および/または1種類以上のフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’),さらに炭素粉やフッ素系樹脂などが付着しないようにあらかじめ剥離剤を塗っておくことや,前駆体シートと剛板や熱ロール,ベルトとの間に離型紙を挟むことが好ましい。   When a precursor sheet is sandwiched between two rigid plates, or when heated and pressed with a hot roll press or continuous belt press, one or more oxidized fiber precursor short fibers ( b) and / or one or more kinds of fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fibers (b ′), and further, a release agent is applied in advance so as not to adhere carbon powder or fluororesin, and the precursor sheet and rigid plate It is preferable that a release paper is sandwiched between the heat roll and the belt.

<乾燥処理工程>
炭素粉あるいはフッ素系樹脂を含浸した前駆体シートから分散溶媒を除去するために,炭素粉あるいはフッ素系樹脂を含浸した前駆体シートを70℃以上150℃未満の温度で乾燥処理することが好ましい。乾燥処理の時間は,例えば1分間〜1時間とすることができる。
<Drying process>
In order to remove the dispersion solvent from the precursor sheet impregnated with the carbon powder or the fluororesin, it is preferable to dry the precursor sheet impregnated with the carbon powder or the fluororesin at a temperature of 70 ° C. or higher and lower than 150 ° C. The time for the drying treatment can be, for example, 1 minute to 1 hour.

乾燥処理の方法としては,特に限定されないが,高温雰囲気炉や遠赤外線加熱炉による熱処理や,熱板や熱ロールなどによる直接加熱処理などが適用できる。加熱源への炭素粉あるいはフッ素系樹脂の付着を抑制できる点で,高温雰囲気炉や遠赤外線加熱炉による乾燥処理が好ましい。連続的に製造された3次元交絡構造前駆体シートを乾燥処理する場合は,製造コスト低減化の観点から,前駆体シートの全長にわたって連続で乾燥処理を行うことが好ましい。これによって,熱処理を連続で行うことができる。   The drying method is not particularly limited, and heat treatment using a high-temperature atmosphere furnace or far-infrared heating furnace, direct heat treatment using a hot plate, a hot roll, or the like can be applied. A drying process using a high-temperature atmosphere furnace or a far-infrared heating furnace is preferable in that adhesion of carbon powder or fluorine-based resin to the heating source can be suppressed. In the case of drying a continuously manufactured three-dimensional entangled structure precursor sheet, it is preferable to perform the drying process continuously over the entire length of the precursor sheet from the viewpoint of reducing the manufacturing cost. Thus, the heat treatment can be performed continuously.

<<膜−電極接合体(MEA),固体高分子型燃料電池>>
本発明の多孔質電極基材は,膜−電極接合体に好適に用いることができる。また本発明の多孔質電極基材を用いた膜−電極接合体は,固体高分子型燃料電池に好適に用いることができる。
<< Membrane-electrode assembly (MEA), polymer electrolyte fuel cell >>
The porous electrode substrate of the present invention can be suitably used for a membrane-electrode assembly. The membrane-electrode assembly using the porous electrode substrate of the present invention can be suitably used for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.

以下,本発明を実施例によりさらに具体的に説明する。実施例中の各物性値等は,以下の方法で測定した。「部」は「質量部」を意味する。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. Each physical property value in the examples was measured by the following method. “Part” means “part by mass”.

(1)ガス透気度
JIS規格P−8117に準拠し,ガーレーデンソメーターを使用して200mLの空気が透過するのにかかった時間を測定し,ガス透気度(mL/hr/cm/mmAq)を算出した。
(1) Gas permeability According to JIS standard P-8117, the time taken for 200 mL of air to permeate was measured using a Gurley densometer, and the gas permeability (mL / hr / cm 2 / mmAq) was calculated.

(2)厚み
多孔質電極基材の厚みは,厚み測定装置ダイヤルシックネスゲージ((株)ミツトヨ製,商品名:7321)を使用して測定した。測定子の大きさは直径10mmで,測定圧力は1.5kPaとした。
(2) Thickness The thickness of the porous electrode substrate was measured using a thickness measuring device dial thickness gauge (manufactured by Mitutoyo Corporation, trade name: 7321). The size of the probe was 10 mm in diameter, and the measurement pressure was 1.5 kPa.

(3)貫通方向抵抗
多孔質電極基材の厚さ方向の電気抵抗(貫通方向抵抗)は,金メッキした銅板に多孔質電極基材を挟み,銅板の上下から0.6MPaで加圧し,10mA/cmの電流密度で電流を流したときの抵抗値を測定し,次式より求めた。
(3) Through-direction resistance The electrical resistance in the thickness direction of the porous electrode base material (through-direction resistance) is 10 mA / The resistance value when a current was passed at a current density of cm 2 was measured and obtained from the following equation.

貫通方向抵抗(mΩ・cm)=測定抵抗値(mΩ)×試料面積(cm
(4)貫通方向比抵抗
多孔質電極基材の厚さ方向の電気比抵抗(貫通方向比抵抗)は,前記貫通方向抵抗と0.6MPaでの厚みの値を用いて,次式より求めた。
Through-direction resistance (mΩ · cm 2 ) = Measured resistance value (mΩ) × Sample area (cm 2 )
(4) Specific resistance in the penetration direction The electrical resistivity in the thickness direction of the porous electrode base material (penetration direction specific resistance) was obtained from the following equation using the penetration direction resistance and the thickness value at 0.6 MPa. .

貫通方向比抵抗(Ω・cm)=貫通方向抵抗(mΩ・cm)/0.6MPaでの厚み(μm)×10
(5)酸化繊維(B)の平均径
酸化繊維(B)の平均径は,多孔質電極基材の表面の走査型電子顕微鏡写真から任意の50箇所における酸化繊維(B)の直径を測定し,その平均値を算出した。
Through-direction specific resistance (Ω · cm) = Through-direction resistance (mΩ · cm 2 ) / Thickness at 0.6 MPa (μm) × 10
(5) Average diameter of oxidized fiber (B) The average diameter of oxidized fiber (B) is determined by measuring the diameter of oxidized fiber (B) at any 50 points from the scanning electron micrograph of the surface of the porous electrode substrate. The average value was calculated.

(6)酸化繊維(B)の含有率
酸化繊維(B)の含有率は,炭素粉とフッ素系樹脂とを含浸させずに作製した多孔質電極基材の目付と,使用した炭素短繊維(A)の目付から,次式より算出した。
(6) Content of oxidized fiber (B) The content of oxidized fiber (B) is based on the basis weight of the porous electrode substrate prepared without impregnating carbon powder and fluororesin, and the short carbon fibers used ( From the basis weight of A), it was calculated from the following equation.

酸化繊維(B)の含有率(%)=(W2−W1)÷W2×100
なお,上記式において,W2は,炭素粉とフッ素系樹脂とを含浸させずに作製した多孔質電極基材の目付(g/m)であり,W1は,炭素短繊維(A)の目付(g/m)である。
Content (%) of oxidized fiber (B) = (W2−W1) ÷ W2 × 100
In the above formula, W2 is the basis weight (g / m 2 ) of the porous electrode base material prepared without impregnating the carbon powder and the fluororesin, and W1 is the basis weight of the short carbon fiber (A). (G / m 2 ).

(7)炭素粉とフッ素系樹脂の含有量
炭素粉とフッ素系樹脂の含有量は,炭素短繊維(A)と酸化繊維(B)の合計を100質量部として,多孔質電極基材の目付と,炭素粉とフッ素系樹脂とを含浸させずに作製した多孔質電極基材の目付から,次式より算出した。
(7) Content of carbon powder and fluororesin The content of carbon powder and fluororesin is based on the porous electrode base material, with the total of carbon short fibers (A) and oxidized fibers (B) being 100 parts by mass. From the basis weight of the porous electrode base material prepared without impregnating carbon powder and fluororesin, the following formula was used.

炭素粉とフッ素系樹脂の含有量(質量部)=(W3−W2)÷W2×100
なお,上記式において,W3は多孔質電極基材の目付(g/m)であり,W2は炭素粉とフッ素系樹脂とを含浸させずに作製した多孔質電極基材の目付(g/m)である。
Carbon powder and fluororesin content (parts by mass) = (W3−W2) ÷ W2 × 100
In the above formula, W3 is the basis weight (g / m 2 ) of the porous electrode substrate, and W2 is the basis weight (g / m) of the porous electrode substrate prepared without impregnating carbon powder and fluororesin. m 2 ).

(8)多孔質電極基材のうねり
多孔質電極基材のうねりは,平板上に縦250mm横250mmの多孔質電極基材を静置した際の,多孔質電極基材の高さの最大値と最小値の差より算出した。
(8) Waviness of the porous electrode substrate The waviness of the porous electrode substrate is the maximum value of the height of the porous electrode substrate when a 250 mm long and 250 mm wide porous electrode substrate is allowed to stand on a flat plate. And the difference between the minimum values.

(実施例1)
炭素短繊維(A)として,平均繊維径が7μm,平均繊維長が3mmのPAN系炭素繊維を用意した。また,酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)として,平均繊維径が4μm,平均繊維長が3mmのアクリル短繊維(三菱レイヨン(株)製,商品名:D122)を容易した。また,フィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)として,叩解によってフィブリル化するアクリル系ポリマーとジアセテート(酢酸セルロース)とからなる易割繊性アクリル系海島複合短繊維(b’)(三菱レイヨン(株)製,商品名:ボンネルM.V.P.−C651,平均繊維長:3mm)を用意した。
Example 1
As the carbon short fiber (A), a PAN-based carbon fiber having an average fiber diameter of 7 μm and an average fiber length of 3 mm was prepared. Further, as the oxidized fiber precursor short fiber (b), an acrylic short fiber (trade name: D122, manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.) having an average fiber diameter of 4 μm and an average fiber length of 3 mm was facilitated. Also, as fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fiber (b ′), an easily splittable acrylic sea-island composite short fiber (b 2 ′) consisting of an acrylic polymer fibrillated by beating and diacetate (cellulose acetate) (Mitsubishi) A product of Rayon Co., Ltd., trade name: Bonnell MVP-C651, average fiber length: 3 mm) was prepared.

前駆体シートの製造および交絡処理による3次元交絡構造前駆体シートは,以下のような湿式連続抄紙法と,連続加圧水流噴射処理による交絡処理法により行った。   The precursor sheet was manufactured and the three-dimensional entangled structure precursor sheet by the entanglement treatment was performed by the following wet continuous papermaking method and the entanglement treatment method by the continuous pressurized water jet treatment.

*湿式連続抄紙法
(1)炭素短繊維(A)の離解
平均繊維径が7μm,平均繊維長が3mmのPAN系炭素繊維を,繊維濃度が1%(10g/L)になるように水中へ分散して,ディスクリファイナー(熊谷理機製)を通して離解処理し,離解スラリー繊維(SA)とした。
* Wet continuous paper making method (1) Disaggregation of short carbon fibers (A) PAN-based carbon fibers with an average fiber diameter of 7 μm and an average fiber length of 3 mm are put into water so that the fiber concentration is 1% (10 g / L). Dispersed and disaggregated through a disk refiner (manufactured by Kumagai Riki) to obtain disaggregated slurry fibers (SA).

(2)酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)の離解
酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)として,平均繊維径が4μm,平均繊維長が3mmのアクリル短繊維(三菱レイヨン(株)製,商品名:D122),を,繊維濃度が1%(10g/L)になるように水中へ分散し,離解スラリー繊維(Sb)とした。
(2) Disaggregation of oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b) As oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b), acrylic short fibers having an average fiber diameter of 4 μm and an average fiber length of 3 mm (trade name, manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.) : D122) was dispersed in water so that the fiber concentration was 1% (10 g / L) to obtain disaggregated slurry fibers (Sb).

(3)フィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)の離解
フィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)として,叩解によってフィブリル化するアクリル系ポリマーとジアセテート(酢酸セルロース)とからなる易割繊性アクリル系海島複合短繊維(三菱レイヨン(株)製,商品名:ボンネルM.V.P.−C651,平均繊維長:3mm)を,繊維濃度が1%(10g/L)になるように水中へ分散し,離解スラリー繊維(Sb’)とした。
(3) Disaggregation of fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fiber (b ') Easy split fiber comprising acrylic polymer and diacetate (cellulose acetate) that are fibrillated by beating as fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fiber (b') Acrylic Sea Island Composite Short Fiber (Made by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., trade name: Bonnell MVP-C651, average fiber length: 3 mm), so that the fiber concentration is 1% (10 g / L) Dispersed in water to obtain disaggregated slurry fibers (Sb ′).

(4)抄紙用スラリーの調製
炭素短繊維(A)と酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)とフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)とが質量比70:10:20となるように,かつスラリー中の繊維(以下,フロックと略す)の濃度が1.40g/Lとなるように,離解スラリー繊維(SA),離解スラリー繊維(Sb),離解スラリー繊維(Sb’)および希釈水を計量し,スラリー供給タンクに投入した。さらに,ポリアクリルアマイドを添加して粘度22センチポイズの抄紙用スラリーを調製した。
(5)前駆体シートの製造および加圧水流噴射による3次元交絡処理
〔交絡処理装置〕
以下の構成からなる交絡処理装置を使用した。前記装置は,ネット駆動部および幅60cm×長さ585cmのプラスチックネット製平織メッシュをベルト状につなぎあわせ,連続的に回転可能なネットよりなるシート状物搬送部、抄紙用スラリー供給部(スラリー供給部の開口幅が48cm、供給スラリー量が30L/min)、ネット下部に配置した減圧脱水部、及び加圧水流噴射処理部からなる。加圧水流噴射処理部は,2種類のウォータージェットノズルから構成されており,ウォータージェットノズルとしては、以下の2種類のノズルを3本用いた。
・ノズル1:
孔径φ0.10mm×501Hole、幅方向孔間ピッチ1mm(1001hole/幅1m)、1列配置、ノズル有効幅500mm
・ノズル2:
孔径φ0.10mm×501Hole、幅方向孔間ピッチ1mm(1001hole/幅1m)、1列配置、ノズル有効幅500mm
・ノズル3:
孔径φ0.15mm×1002Hole、幅方向孔間ピッチ1.5mm、3列配置、列間ピッチ5mm、ノズル有効幅500mm
〔交絡処理方法〕
試験機のネット上に上記抄紙用スラリーを定量ポンプによりネット上に供給した。抄紙用スラリーは均一な流れに整流するためのフローボックスを通して所定サイズに拡幅して供給した。その後静置、自然脱水する部分を通過して、減圧脱水装置により完全脱水し、目標目付50g/mの湿紙ウエッブをネット上に積載した。この処理が完了すると同時に、試験機後方のウォータージェットノズルより、加圧水流噴射圧力を1MPa(ノズル1)、圧力2MPa(ノズル2)、圧力1MPa(ノズル3)の順で通過させて交絡処理を加えた。
(4) Preparation of Papermaking Slurry The carbon short fibers (A), the oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b), and the fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fibers (b ′) have a mass ratio of 70:10:20. In addition, the disaggregation slurry fiber (SA), the disaggregation slurry fiber (Sb), the disaggregation slurry fiber (Sb ′), and the dilution water are added so that the concentration of the fiber (hereinafter abbreviated as “floc”) in the slurry is 1.40 g / L. Weighed and put into slurry supply tank. Further, polyacrylamide was added to prepare a papermaking slurry having a viscosity of 22 centipoise.
(5) Manufacture of precursor sheet and three-dimensional entanglement process by pressurized water jet [entanglement processing device]
An entanglement processing apparatus having the following configuration was used. The apparatus is composed of a net drive unit and a plastic net plain woven mesh having a width of 60 cm and a length of 585 cm, joined together in a belt shape, a sheet-like material conveyance unit comprising a continuously rotatable net, a papermaking slurry supply unit (slurry supply) The opening width of the part is 48 cm, the amount of slurry supplied is 30 L / min), a vacuum dehydration part arranged at the lower part of the net, and a pressurized water jet treatment part. The pressurized water flow injection processing unit is composed of two types of water jet nozzles, and the following two types of nozzles were used as the water jet nozzles.
・ Nozzle 1:
Hole diameter φ0.10mm × 501Hole, widthwise hole pitch 1mm (1001hole / width 1m), 1 row arrangement, nozzle effective width 500mm
・ Nozzle 2:
Hole diameter φ0.10mm × 501Hole, widthwise hole pitch 1mm (1001hole / width 1m), 1 row arrangement, nozzle effective width 500mm
・ Nozzle 3:
Hole diameter φ0.15mm × 1002 Hole, width direction hole pitch 1.5mm, 3 rows arrangement, row pitch 5mm, nozzle effective width 500mm
[Interlacing method]
The papermaking slurry was supplied onto the net of the testing machine by a metering pump. The papermaking slurry was supplied after being widened to a predetermined size through a flow box for rectification into a uniform flow. Thereafter, the mixture was allowed to stand and passed through a portion to be naturally dehydrated, and completely dehydrated with a vacuum dehydration apparatus, and a wet paper web having a target weight of 50 g / m 2 was loaded on the net. At the same time as this processing is completed, the water jet nozzle at the back of the test machine is passed through the pressurized water jet pressure in the order of 1 MPa (nozzle 1), pressure 2 MPa (nozzle 2), and pressure 1 MPa (nozzle 3) to add confounding processing. It was.

交絡処理されたシート状物を、ピンテンター試験機(辻井染色機製、商品名:PT−2A−400)により150℃×3分で乾燥させることで、目付48g/mの3次元交絡構造前駆体シートを得た。得られた3次元交絡構造前駆体シート中での酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)およびフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)の分散状態は良好であった。 The entangled sheet-like material is dried at 150 ° C. for 3 minutes by a pin tenter tester (manufactured by Sakurai Dyeing Machine, trade name: PT-2A-400), thereby providing a three-dimensional entangled structure precursor having a basis weight of 48 g / m 2. A sheet was obtained. The dispersion state of the oxidized fiber precursor short fiber (b) and the fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fiber (b ′) in the obtained three-dimensional entangled structure precursor sheet was good.

(6)炭素粉の含浸および乾燥処理
次に,炭素粉としてケッチェンブラック(ライオン(株)製)と熱分解黒鉛(商品名:PC−H,伊藤黒鉛工業(株)製),分散剤としてポリオキシエチレンオクチルフェニルエーテルを用意し,ケッチェンブラック,熱分解黒鉛,分散剤が,それぞれ6.4質量%,1.6質量%,6.4質量%となるようにホモジナイザーで15分攪拌し,炭素粉の水分散液を調製した。
(6) Impregnation and drying treatment of carbon powder Next, as carbon powder, Ketjen Black (manufactured by Lion Corporation) and pyrolytic graphite (trade name: PC-H, manufactured by Ito Graphite Industries Co., Ltd.), as a dispersant Prepare polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether, and stir with a homogenizer for 15 minutes so that ketjen black, pyrolytic graphite, and dispersant are 6.4% by mass, 1.6% by mass, and 6.4% by mass, respectively. An aqueous dispersion of carbon powder was prepared.

前記水分散液中に3次元交絡構造前駆体シートを浸漬した後,ニップ装置にて余分の水分散液を取り除き,次いで100℃のバッチ乾燥機で20分乾燥し,炭素粉含有3次元交絡構造前駆体シートとした。   After immersing the three-dimensional entangled structure precursor sheet in the aqueous dispersion, the excess aqueous dispersion is removed with a nip device, and then dried with a batch dryer at 100 ° C. for 20 minutes to obtain a three-dimensional entangled structure containing carbon powder. A precursor sheet was obtained.

(7)フッ素系樹脂の含浸および乾燥処理
次に,フッ素系樹脂としてポリテトラフルオロエチレン粒子(商品名:FluonPTFEルブリカントL172J,旭硝子(株)製),分散剤としてポリオキシエチレンオクチルフェニルエーテルを用意し,フッ素系樹脂と分散剤が,それぞれ20質量%,1.0質量%となるようにホモジナイザーで15分攪拌し,フッ素系樹脂の水分散液を調製した。
(7) Impregnation and drying treatment of fluororesin Next, prepare polytetrafluoroethylene particles (trade name: Fluon PTFE Lubricant L172J, manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) as the fluororesin, and polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether as the dispersant. The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes with a homogenizer so that the fluororesin and the dispersant were 20% by mass and 1.0% by mass, respectively, to prepare an aqueous dispersion of the fluororesin.

前記水分散液中に,炭素粉含有3次元交絡構造前駆体シートを浸漬した後,ニップ装置にて余分の水分散液を取り除き,次いで100℃のバッチ乾燥機で20分乾燥し,炭素粉・フッ素系樹脂含有3次元交絡構造前駆体シートとした。   After the carbon powder-containing three-dimensional entangled structure precursor sheet is immersed in the aqueous dispersion, the excess aqueous dispersion is removed with a nip device, and then dried with a batch dryer at 100 ° C. for 20 minutes. A fluorine resin-containing three-dimensional entangled structure precursor sheet was obtained.

(8)加熱加圧成型
前記炭素粉・フッ素系樹脂含有3次元交絡構造前駆体シートの両面を,シリコーン系離型剤をコートした紙で挟んだ後,バッチプレス装置にて180℃,3MPaの条件下で3分間加熱加圧成型した。
(8) Heat and pressure molding After sandwiching both sides of the carbon powder / fluorine resin-containing three-dimensional entangled structure precursor sheet with a paper coated with a silicone release agent, the batch press apparatus is 180 ° C., 3 MPa. Heat-press molding was performed for 3 minutes under the conditions.

(9)熱処理
その後,バッチ雰囲気炉にて,大気中,360℃の条件下で1時間熱処理して多孔質電極基材を得た。
(9) Heat treatment After that, a porous electrode substrate was obtained by heat treatment in a batch atmosphere furnace for 1 hour in the atmosphere at 360 ° C.

得られた多孔質電極基材の表面の走査型電子顕微鏡写真を図1に示す。   A scanning electron micrograph of the surface of the obtained porous electrode substrate is shown in FIG.

(実施例2)
フッ素系樹脂としてテトラフルオロエチレン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体粒子分散液(商品名:FEPディスパージョン120−JR,三井−デュポンフロロケミカル(株)製,固形分濃度54質量%)を用意し,水を加えて固形分濃度が20質量%となるよう調製したこと,および熱処理の温度を270℃としたこと以外は,実施例1と同様にして多孔質電極基材を得た。
(Example 2)
Tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer particle dispersion (trade name: FEP Dispersion 120-JR, manufactured by Mitsui-Dupont Fluoro Chemical Co., Ltd., solid content concentration 54 mass%) is prepared as a fluorine-based resin, and water Was added so as to obtain a solid content concentration of 20% by mass, and a porous electrode substrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the heat treatment temperature was 270 ° C.

(実施例3)
フィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)として,繊維状の幹より直径が3μm以下のフィブリルが多数分岐した,噴射凝固によって作製したポリアクリロニトリル系パルプ(b’)を用いたこと以外は,実施例1と同様にして多孔質電極基材を得た。
(Example 3)
As the fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fiber (b ′), except that a polyacrylonitrile pulp (b 1 ′) produced by spray coagulation in which a large number of fibrils having a diameter of 3 μm or less were branched from the fibrous trunk, A porous electrode substrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.

(実施例4)
フィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)として,繊維状の幹より直径が3μm以下のフィブリルが多数分岐した,噴射凝固によって作製したポリアクリロニトリル系パルプ(b’)を用いたこと以外は,実施例2と同様にして多孔質電極基材を得た。
Example 4
As the fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fiber (b ′), except that a polyacrylonitrile pulp (b 1 ′) produced by spray coagulation in which a large number of fibrils having a diameter of 3 μm or less were branched from the fibrous trunk, In the same manner as in Example 2, a porous electrode substrate was obtained.

(実施例5)
炭素粉の含浸および乾燥処理の後で,フッ素系樹脂の含浸および乾燥処理の前に加熱加圧成型したこと以外は,実施例1と同様にして多孔質電極基材を得た。
(Example 5)
A porous electrode substrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the carbon powder was impregnated and dried and then heat-press molded before the fluororesin was impregnated and dried.

(実施例6)
フッ素系樹脂としてテトラフルオロエチレン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体粒子分散液(商品名:FEPディスパージョン120−JR,三井−デュポンフロロケミカル(株)製,固形分濃度54質量%)を用意し,水を加えて固形分濃度が20質量%となるよう調製したこと,および熱処理の温度を270℃としたこと以外は,実施例5と同様にして多孔質電極基材を得た。
(Example 6)
Tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer particle dispersion (trade name: FEP Dispersion 120-JR, manufactured by Mitsui-Dupont Fluoro Chemical Co., Ltd., solid content concentration 54 mass%) is prepared as a fluorine-based resin, and water Was added so as to obtain a solid content concentration of 20% by mass, and a porous electrode substrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the heat treatment temperature was 270 ° C.

(実施例7)
フィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)として,繊維状の幹より直径が3μm以下のフィブリルが多数分岐した,噴射凝固によって作製したポリアクリロニトリル系パルプ(b’)を用いたこと以外は,実施例5と同様にして多孔質電極基材を得た。
(Example 7)
As the fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fiber (b ′), except that a polyacrylonitrile pulp (b 1 ′) produced by spray coagulation in which a large number of fibrils having a diameter of 3 μm or less were branched from the fibrous trunk, A porous electrode substrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5.

(実施例8)
フィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)として,繊維状の幹より直径が3μm以下のフィブリルが多数分岐した,噴射凝固によって作製したポリアクリロニトリル系パルプ(b’)を用いたこと以外は,実施例6と同様にして多孔質電極基材を得た。
(Example 8)
As the fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fiber (b ′), except that a polyacrylonitrile pulp (b 1 ′) produced by spray coagulation in which a large number of fibrils having a diameter of 3 μm or less were branched from the fibrous trunk, In the same manner as in Example 6, a porous electrode substrate was obtained.

(実施例9)
炭素粉の含浸および乾燥処理の後で,フッ素系樹脂の含浸および乾燥処理の前に加熱加圧成型し,さらにフッ素系樹脂の含浸および乾燥処理の後で,熱処理の前に加熱加圧成型したこと以外は,実施例1と同様にして多孔質電極基材を得た。
Example 9
After carbon powder impregnation and drying treatment, heat-pressure molding was performed before fluororesin impregnation and drying treatment, and after fluorine resin impregnation and drying treatment, heat-pressure molding was performed before heat treatment. Except for this, a porous electrode substrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.

(実施例10)
フッ素系樹脂としてテトラフルオロエチレン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体粒子分散液(商品名:FEPディスパージョン120−JR,三井−デュポンフロロケミカル(株)製,固形分濃度54質量%)を用意し,水を加えて固形分濃度が20質量%となるよう調製したこと,および熱処理の温度を270℃としたこと以外は,実施例9と同様にして多孔質電極基材を得た。
(Example 10)
Tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer particle dispersion (trade name: FEP Dispersion 120-JR, manufactured by Mitsui-Dupont Fluoro Chemical Co., Ltd., solid content concentration 54 mass%) is prepared as a fluorine-based resin, and water Was added so as to obtain a solid content concentration of 20% by mass, and a porous electrode substrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the heat treatment temperature was 270 ° C.

(実施例11)
フィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)として,繊維状の幹より直径が3μm以下のフィブリルが多数分岐した,噴射凝固によって作製したポリアクリロニトリル系パルプ(b’)を用いたこと以外は,実施例9と同様にして多孔質電極基材を得た。
(Example 11)
As the fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fiber (b ′), except that a polyacrylonitrile pulp (b 1 ′) produced by spray coagulation in which a large number of fibrils having a diameter of 3 μm or less were branched from the fibrous trunk, In the same manner as in Example 9, a porous electrode substrate was obtained.

(実施例12)
フィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)として,繊維状の幹より直径が3μm以下のフィブリルが多数分岐した,噴射凝固によって作製したポリアクリロニトリル系パルプ(b’)を用いたこと以外は,実施例10と同様にして多孔質電極基材を得た。
(Example 12)
As the fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fiber (b ′), except that a polyacrylonitrile pulp (b 1 ′) produced by spray coagulation in which a large number of fibrils having a diameter of 3 μm or less were branched from the fibrous trunk, In the same manner as in Example 10, a porous electrode substrate was obtained.

(比較例1)(炭素粉の含浸前に加熱加圧成型を行った比較例)
3次元交絡構造前駆体シートを加熱加圧成型した後,炭素粉の含浸および乾燥処理,フッ素系樹脂の含浸および乾燥処理,および熱処理を順次行ったこと以外は,実施例1と同様にして多孔質電極基材を得た。
(Comparative example 1) (Comparative example in which heat and pressure molding was performed before impregnation with carbon powder)
The porous sheet was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the three-dimensional entangled structure precursor sheet was heat-pressed and molded, followed by carbon powder impregnation and drying treatment, fluororesin impregnation and drying treatment, and heat treatment. A quality electrode substrate was obtained.

(比較例2)(炭素粉の含浸前に加熱加圧成型を行った比較例)
フッ素系樹脂としてテトラフルオロエチレン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体粒子分散液(商品名:FEPディスパージョン120−JR,三井−デュポンフロロケミカル(株)製,固形分濃度54質量%)を用意し,水を加えて固形分濃度が20質量%となるよう調製したこと,および熱処理の温度を270℃としたこと以外は,比較例1と同様にして多孔質電極基材を得た。
(Comparative example 2) (Comparative example in which heat and pressure molding was performed before impregnation with carbon powder)
Tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer particle dispersion (trade name: FEP Dispersion 120-JR, manufactured by Mitsui-Dupont Fluoro Chemical Co., Ltd., solid content concentration 54 mass%) is prepared as a fluorine-based resin, and water Was added in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the solid content concentration was adjusted to 20% by mass and that the heat treatment temperature was 270 ° C.

(比較例3)(炭素粉の含浸前に加熱加圧成型を行った比較例)
フィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)として,繊維状の幹より直径が3μm以下のフィブリルが多数分岐した,噴射凝固によって作製したポリアクリロニトリル系パルプ(b’)を用いたこと以外は,比較例1と同様にして多孔質電極基材を得た。
(Comparative example 3) (Comparative example in which heat and pressure molding was performed before impregnation with carbon powder)
As the fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fiber (b ′), except that a polyacrylonitrile pulp (b 1 ′) produced by spray coagulation in which a large number of fibrils having a diameter of 3 μm or less were branched from the fibrous trunk, In the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, a porous electrode substrate was obtained.

(比較例4)(炭素粉の含浸前に加熱加圧成型を行った比較例)
フィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)として,繊維状の幹より直径が3μm以下のフィブリルが多数分岐した,噴射凝固によって作製したポリアクリロニトリル系パルプ(b’)を用いたこと以外は,比較例2と同様にして多孔質電極基材を得た。
(Comparative example 4) (Comparative example in which heat and pressure molding was performed before impregnation with carbon powder)
As the fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fiber (b ′), except that a polyacrylonitrile pulp (b 1 ′) produced by spray coagulation in which a large number of fibrils having a diameter of 3 μm or less were branched from the fibrous trunk, A porous electrode substrate was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2.

以上の多孔質電極基材の組成および評価結果を表1及び表2に示す。実施例の多孔質電極基材は,比較例に比べて炭素粉とフッ素系樹脂の含有量が多く,貫通方向比抵抗が低い。これは,加熱加圧成型工程の前に含浸を行うことで,酸化繊維よりも導電性の高い炭素粉が,シートを構成する繊維間に十分に浸透したためと考えられる。すなわち,炭素繊維と酸化繊維からなる導電経路に加えて,炭素短繊維と炭素粉からなる巨視的な導電経路が多数構築されたことにより,導電性にすぐれた多孔質電極基材となっている。また,加圧水流噴射圧力を3MPa以上とすることで,3次元交絡構造前駆体シートの機械的強度が向上し,空隙も大きくなった。そのため,炭素粉およびフッ素系樹脂の含有量が多いにもかかわらず空隙が閉塞することなく,ガス透気度は良好であった。さらに,熱処理時における面内の収縮がなく,シートのうねりも2mm以下と小さく,厚みもそれぞれ良好であった。これらの多孔質電極基材に面圧1.5MPaの圧縮荷重を印加しても,シート形態を保つことができた。   Tables 1 and 2 show the composition and evaluation results of the above porous electrode substrate. The porous electrode base material of the example has a higher content of carbon powder and fluorine-based resin than the comparative example, and the penetration direction specific resistance is low. This is presumably because the carbon powder having higher conductivity than the oxidized fiber sufficiently penetrated between the fibers constituting the sheet by performing the impregnation before the heat and pressure molding process. In other words, in addition to the conductive path composed of carbon fibers and oxidized fibers, a large number of macroscopic conductive paths composed of short carbon fibers and carbon powder have been constructed, resulting in a porous electrode substrate with excellent conductivity. . Moreover, the mechanical strength of the three-dimensional entangled structure precursor sheet was improved and the voids were increased by setting the pressurized water flow injection pressure to 3 MPa or more. Therefore, the gas permeability was good without clogging the voids despite the large amount of carbon powder and fluorine resin. Furthermore, there was no in-plane shrinkage during heat treatment, the sheet waviness was as small as 2 mm or less, and the thickness was also good. Even when a compressive load having a surface pressure of 1.5 MPa was applied to these porous electrode substrates, the sheet form could be maintained.

(実施例13)
(1)膜−電極接合体(MEA)の製造
実施例1で得られた多孔質電極基材2組を,カソード用およびアノード用の多孔質電極基材として用意した。また,パーフルオロスルホン酸系の高分子電解質膜(膜厚:30μm)の両面に触媒担持カーボン(触媒:Pt,触媒担持量:50質量%)からなる触媒層(触媒層面積:25cm,Pt付着量:0.3mg/cm)を形成した積層体を容易した。この積層体を,カソード用およびアノード用の多孔質炭素電極基材で挟持し,これらを接合して,MEAを得た。
(Example 13)
(1) Production of membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) Two sets of porous electrode base materials obtained in Example 1 were prepared as porous electrode base materials for cathode and anode. Further, a catalyst layer (catalyst layer area: 25 cm 2 , Pt) made of catalyst-supported carbon (catalyst: Pt, catalyst support amount: 50 mass%) on both surfaces of a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer electrolyte membrane (film thickness: 30 μm). The laminated body which formed the adhesion amount: 0.3 mg / cm < 2 >) was made easy. The laminate was sandwiched between cathode and anode porous carbon electrode base materials and joined together to obtain an MEA.

(2)MEAの燃料電池特性評価
得られたMEAを,蛇腹状のガス流路を有する2枚のカーボンセパレーターによって挟み,固体高分子型燃料電池(単セル)を形成した。
(2) Fuel cell characteristic evaluation of MEA The obtained MEA was sandwiched between two carbon separators having bellows-like gas flow paths to form a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (single cell).

この単セルの電流密度−電圧特性を測定することによって,燃料電池特性評価を行った。燃料ガスとしては水素ガスを用い,酸化ガスとしては空気を用いた。単セルの温度を80℃,燃料ガス利用率を60%,酸化ガス利用率を40%とした。また,燃料ガスと酸化ガスへの加湿は80℃のバブラーにそれぞれ燃料ガスと酸化ガスを通すことによって行った。その結果,電流密度が0.8A/cmのときの燃料電池セルのセル電圧が0.509V,セルの内部抵抗が8.3mΩであり,良好な特性を示した。 The fuel cell characteristics were evaluated by measuring the current density-voltage characteristics of this single cell. Hydrogen gas was used as the fuel gas, and air was used as the oxidizing gas. The single cell temperature was 80 ° C., the fuel gas utilization rate was 60%, and the oxidizing gas utilization rate was 40%. Humidification of the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas was performed by passing the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas through a bubbler at 80 ° C., respectively. As a result, when the current density was 0.8 A / cm 2 , the cell voltage of the fuel cell was 0.509 V, and the internal resistance of the cell was 8.3 mΩ, which showed good characteristics.

Claims (8)

以下の(1)〜()の工程を含み、(3)の工程と(4)の工程の間および/または工程(4)と工程(5)の間に、前駆体シートを加熱加圧成型することを含む多孔質電極基材の製造方法。
(1)炭素短繊維(A)と,1種類以上の酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)および/または1種類以上のフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)とを分散させた前駆体シートを製造する工程。
(2)前記前駆体シートを交絡処理して交絡構造を形成する工程。
(3)前記交絡構造が形成された前駆体シートに,炭素粉を含浸させる工程。
(4)炭素粉を含浸させた前駆体シートに,フッ素系樹脂を含浸させる工程。
(5)前駆体シートを熱処理する工程。
Step only contains the following (1) to (5), (3) process and (4) between the step and / or step (4) during step (5), heating the precursor sheet A method for producing a porous electrode substrate, comprising pressure molding .
(1) A precursor sheet in which short carbon fibers (A) and one or more kinds of oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b) and / or one or more kinds of fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fibers (b ′) are dispersed. Manufacturing process.
(2) A step of entanglement processing the precursor sheet to form an entangled structure.
(3) A step of impregnating the precursor sheet on which the entangled structure is formed with carbon powder.
(4) A step of impregnating a fluororesin into a precursor sheet impregnated with carbon powder.
(5) A step of heat-treating the precursor sheet.
以下の(1)〜(5)の工程を含み、工程(4)と工程(5)の間に、前駆体シートを加熱加圧成型することを含む多孔質電極基材の製造方法。  The manufacturing method of the porous electrode base material including the process of the following (1)-(5), and carrying out the heating-press molding of a precursor sheet between a process (4) and a process (5).
(1)炭素短繊維(A)と,1種類以上の酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)および/または1種類以上のフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)とを分散させた前駆体シートを製造する工程。(1) A precursor sheet in which short carbon fibers (A) and one or more kinds of oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b) and / or one or more kinds of fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fibers (b ′) are dispersed. Manufacturing process.
(2)前記前駆体シートを交絡処理して交絡構造を形成する工程。(2) A step of entanglement processing the precursor sheet to form an entangled structure.
(3)前記交絡構造が形成された前駆体シートに,炭素粉を含浸させる工程。(3) A step of impregnating the precursor sheet on which the entangled structure is formed with carbon powder.
(4)炭素粉を含浸させた前駆体シートに,フッ素系樹脂を含浸させる工程。(4) A step of impregnating a fluororesin into a precursor sheet impregnated with carbon powder.
(5)前駆体シートを熱処理する工程。(5) A step of heat-treating the precursor sheet.
以下の(1)〜(5)の工程を含み、(3)の工程と(4)の工程の間に、前駆体シートを加熱加圧成型することを含む多孔質電極基材の製造方法。  The manufacturing method of the porous electrode base material including the process of the following (1)-(5) and including carrying out the heating-press molding of a precursor sheet | seat between the process of (3) and (4).
(1)炭素短繊維(A)と,1種類以上の酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)および/または1種類以上のフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)とを分散させた前駆体シートを製造する工程。(1) A precursor sheet in which short carbon fibers (A) and one or more kinds of oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b) and / or one or more kinds of fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fibers (b ′) are dispersed. Manufacturing process.
(2)前記前駆体シートを交絡処理して交絡構造を形成する工程。(2) A step of entanglement processing the precursor sheet to form an entangled structure.
(3)前記交絡構造が形成された前駆体シートに,炭素粉を含浸させる工程。(3) A step of impregnating the precursor sheet on which the entangled structure is formed with carbon powder.
(4)炭素粉を含浸させた前駆体シートに,フッ素系樹脂を含浸させる工程。(4) A step of impregnating a fluororesin into a precursor sheet impregnated with carbon powder.
(5)前駆体シートを熱処理する工程。(5) A step of heat-treating the precursor sheet.
以下の(1)〜(5)の工程を含み、(3)の工程と(4)の工程の間および工程(4)と工程(5)の間に、前駆体シートを加熱加圧成型することを含む多孔質電極基材の製造方法。  The process includes the following steps (1) to (5), and the precursor sheet is hot-press molded between the steps (3) and (4) and between the steps (4) and (5). The manufacturing method of the porous electrode base material containing this.
(1)炭素短繊維(A)と,1種類以上の酸化繊維前駆体短繊維(b)および/または1種類以上のフィブリル状酸化繊維前駆体繊維(b’)とを分散させた前駆体シートを製造する工程。(1) A precursor sheet in which short carbon fibers (A) and one or more kinds of oxidized fiber precursor short fibers (b) and / or one or more kinds of fibrillated oxidized fiber precursor fibers (b ′) are dispersed. Manufacturing process.
(2)前記前駆体シートを交絡処理して交絡構造を形成する工程。(2) A step of entanglement processing the precursor sheet to form an entangled structure.
(3)前記交絡構造が形成された前駆体シートに,炭素粉を含浸させる工程。(3) A step of impregnating the precursor sheet on which the entangled structure is formed with carbon powder.
(4)炭素粉を含浸させた前駆体シートに,フッ素系樹脂を含浸させる工程。(4) A step of impregnating a fluororesin into a precursor sheet impregnated with carbon powder.
(5)前駆体シートを熱処理する工程。(5) A step of heat-treating the precursor sheet.
請求項1〜4のいずれかにおいて,炭素粉を含浸させた後および/またはフッ素樹脂を含浸させた後に,次いで乾燥処理を実施することを含む,多孔質電極基材の製造方法。 The method for producing a porous electrode substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising performing a drying treatment after impregnating the carbon powder and / or impregnating the fluororesin. 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の多孔質電極基材の製造方法で製造される多孔質電極基材。   The porous electrode base material manufactured with the manufacturing method of the porous electrode base material in any one of Claims 1-5. 請求項6記載の多孔質電極基材を用いた膜−電極接合体。   A membrane-electrode assembly using the porous electrode substrate according to claim 6. 請求項7記載の膜−電極接合体を用いた固体高分子型燃料電池。 A polymer electrolyte fuel cell using the membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 7.
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