JP5198867B2 - 液化ガスおよびガスの貯蔵 - Google Patents
液化ガスおよびガスの貯蔵 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5198867B2 JP5198867B2 JP2007539140A JP2007539140A JP5198867B2 JP 5198867 B2 JP5198867 B2 JP 5198867B2 JP 2007539140 A JP2007539140 A JP 2007539140A JP 2007539140 A JP2007539140 A JP 2007539140A JP 5198867 B2 JP5198867 B2 JP 5198867B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- oxygen
- cryocooler
- boil
- liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 206
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 169
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 147
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 147
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 147
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 121
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
- F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
- F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
- F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0107—Propulsion of the fluid by pressurising the ullage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0157—Compressors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
- F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
- F17C2227/0353—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid using cryocooler
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
- F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/031—Treating the boil-off by discharge
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/02—Applications for medical applications
- F17C2270/025—Breathing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
- F25J2270/908—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by regenerative chillers, i.e. oscillating or dynamic systems, e.g. Stirling refrigerator, thermoelectric ("Peltier") or magnetic refrigeration
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Description
本出願は、米国暫定特許出願第60/622,483号、名称「Liquefying and Storing a Gas」(2004年10月26日出願)の利益を主張するものである。本出願はまた、米国暫定特許出願第60/667,661号、名称「Liquefying and Storing a Gas」(2005年5月2日出願)の利益を主張するものである。本出願はまた、米国特許出願第11/131,071号、名称「Liquefying and Storing a Gas」(2005年5月16日出願)の優先権を主張するものである。上述の出願は、全ての目的に対して、それらを参照することによりその全体が本願明細書に組み込まれる。
本出願は、液化ガスの少なくとも一部を使用する場所での、液化ガスの製造および貯蔵に関する。特に、本発明は、酸素治療患者の住居における液化酸素の製造および貯蔵、ならびにそれらのコスト、安全性、および/または効率の改善に関する。
小規模用途の液化装置によって、液体酸素製造の安全性と効率を向上させ、なおかつコストを低減するための装置および方法を開示する。一実施態様では、クライオクーラーとデュワーとの間のインターフェースのために液体酸素バリアを追加して、デュワーの転倒のときの液体酸素の漏出速度を制御することが可能である。ボイルオフ管をデュワーに流動的に接続することによって、転倒したデュワーから膨張したガスを逃がすことができ、一方で、液体をボイルオフ管内に安全に残すことができる。傾斜スイッチを使用して、液化装置が転倒または傾斜したかどうかを識別して、当該の状態が生じたときに、システムへの電力を遮断することが可能である。傾斜スイッチは、水銀スイッチとすることが可能であり、少なくとも45°の転倒または傾斜のときに電力を遮断するように機能させることが可能である。
Claims (22)
- ガスの液化または液体ガスの貯蔵における安全性を高めるための装置であって、
携帯型医療ガス治療のための液体ガスを収容するように機能する容器と、
第1の開口部と第2の開口部とを備えたボイルオフ槽であって、前記第1の開口部は、前記容器と流体連通し、前記容器の転倒または傾斜のときに、急速に膨張するガスおよび液体ガスの混合物を受けるように構成され、前記第2の開口部は、前記容器よりも大きな外側空間と流体連通し、前記ボイルオフ槽は、前記急速に膨張する混合物内の前記液体ガスが前記ボイルオフ槽の底部に沈下できるように、また、前記急速に膨張する混合物内の前記ガスが前記第2の開口部を経て前記ボイルオフ槽から出て、前記外側空間に逃げるように構成されたボイルオフ槽と、
を備える装置。 - ガス通気管路をさらに備え、
前記ボイルオフ槽は、前記ガス通気管路を経て前記容器と流体連通し、前記ガス通気管路は、前記容器からガスを通気させるように機能する、請求項1に記載の装置。 - 前記ボイルオフ槽は、前記液体ガスが気化して、前記第2の開口部を経て前記ボイルオフ槽を出るまで、前記急速に膨張する混合物から沈下する前記液体ガスを収容するようにさらに構成される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記ボイルオフ槽は、第1の端部および第2の端部を有する円筒状の槽であり、前記第1の端部は前記第1の開口部を備え、前記第2の端部は前記第2の開口部を備える、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記ボイルオフ槽は、第1の端部および第2の端部を有する円筒状の槽であり、前記第1の端部は前記第1の開口部を備え、前記第2の開口部は前記第2の端部よりも前記第1の端部の近くに位置する、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記第1の開口部と流体連通する通気管路をさらに備え、
前記通気管路は、クライオクーラーから離れて第1の方向に延在し、前記クライオクーラーは前記容器と流体連通し、前記第2の開口部は第2の方向に開口し、前記第1の方向は前記第2の方向とは実質的に反対である、請求項5に記載の装置。 - コンデンサを備えるクライオクーラーをさらに備え、
前記コンデンサは、ガスを前記容器内に封じ込めるために液化するように機能する、請求項1に記載の装置。 - 前記容器が所定の加速度より大きい加速度になったときに、前記クライオクーラーの電力回路を遮断するように構成された加速度計をさらに備える、請求項7に記載の装置。
- 前記容器の転倒のときに、前記急速に膨張する混合物が、前記容器から前記ボイルオフ槽に移動する速度を減少させるための手段をさらに含む、請求項7に記載の装置。
- 酸素ガスの供給ストリームを供給するように機能する酸素濃縮器と、
前記酸素濃縮器から前記クライオクーラーに前記供給ストリームを搬送するように構成された供給管と、
前記供給管内に位置する一方向逆止め弁であって、前記供給ストリームが、前記酸素濃縮器から前記クライオクーラーに一方向に流れることができるように、また前記クライオクーラーから前記酸素濃縮器への反対方向への背圧を防ぐように構成された一方向逆止め弁と、
をさらに備える、請求項7に記載の装置。 - 第1の端部および第2の端部を有する第1の圧力逃し管路であって、前記第1の圧力逃し管路の前記第1の端部は、前記一方向逆止め弁と前記クライオクーラーとの間の位置において前記供給管と流体連通し、前記第1の圧力逃し管路の前記第2の端部は、前記ボイルオフ槽と流体連通し、前記第1の圧力逃し弁は、前記供給管内の第1の圧力が所定の圧力を超えたときに、液体が前記第1の圧力逃し管路を通って前記供給管から前記ボイルオフ槽に流れることができるように構成された第1の圧力逃し管路と、
第1の端部と第2の端部とを有する通気管であって、前記通気管の前記第1の端部は前記容器と流体連通し、前記通気管の前記第2の端部は前記ボイルオフ槽と流体連通し、前記通気管はガスが前記容器から出られるように構成された通気管と、
前記通気管と流体連通する第2の圧力逃し管路であって、前記通気管内の第2の圧力が前記所定の圧力を超えたときに、液体が前記第2の圧力逃し管路を通って前記通気管から流れることができるように構成された第2の圧力逃し管路と、
をさらに備える、請求項10に記載の装置。 - 前記通気管は、前記通気管を通って流れないように機能するソレノイド弁を備え、前記第2の圧力逃し管路は、前記ソレノイド弁をバイパスする、請求項11に記載の装置。
- 転倒のときにおける液体酸素の漏出速度を減少させるための装置であって、
携帯型医療ガス治療のための液体酸素を収容するように機能する容器と、
コールドフィンガーを備えるクライオクーラーであって、前記コールドフィンガーは、前記容器内に延在し、酸素ガスを前記容器内に封じ込めるために液化するように機能するクライオクーラーと、
前記クライオクーラーと、外側の前記容器と、内側の前記コールドフィンガーとによって画定され、前記酸素ガスが通って流れる環状流路と、
バリアであって、前記環状流路内に位置し、前記容器の転倒のときに、前記環状流路の断面積を減少させて、急速に膨張する前記液体酸素および前記酸素ガスの組み合わせの漏出速度を減少させるように構成されたバリアと、
を備える装置。 - 前記コールドフィンガーを囲む前記クライオクーラー上に形成された第1のフランジと、
前記容器上に形成された第2のフランジであって、前記第1のフランジに開放可能に接続されて前記環状流路を形成し、前記酸素ガスが、前記環状流路を通って、前記第1のフランジと前記第2のフランジとの間で逃げることなく、前記クライオクーラーと前記容器との間を流れる第2のフランジと、
をさらに備える、請求項13に記載の装置。 - 前記第1のフランジは、第1の傾斜表面を形成する前記第2のフランジに近づくにつれて外径が増加し、前記第2のフランジは、第2の傾斜表面を形成する前記第1のフランジに近づくにつれて外径が増加する装置であって、
前記第1の傾斜表面および前記第2の傾斜表面に適合するように構成されたクランプであって、前記第1および第2の傾斜表面のそれぞれに垂直力を加えて、前記第1のフランジおよび前記第2のフランジを互いに押す、対応する軸方向力を発生するようにさらに構成されたクランプをさらに備える、請求項14に記載の装置。 - 前記バリアは、前記第1のフランジと前記第2のフランジとの間に少なくとも部分的に位置する、請求項14に記載の装置。
- 前記バリアは、前記第1のフランジと前記第2のフランジとの間に挿入される、請求項16に記載の装置。
- 第1の開口部および第2の開口部を備えるボイルオフ槽であって、
前記第1の開口部は、前記容器と流体連通し、前記容器の転倒のときに、前記急速に膨張する前記液体酸素および前記酸素ガスの組み合わせを受けるように構成され、前記ボイルオフ槽は、前記急速に膨張する組み合わせ内の前記液体酸素が前記ボイルオフ槽の底部に沈下できるように、また、前記急速に膨張する組み合わせ内の前記酸素ガスが前記第2の開口部を経て前記ボイルオフ槽から出られるように構成されたボイルオフ槽をさらに備える、請求項13に記載の装置。 - 前記バリアは、クライオクーラーと一体である、請求項13に記載の装置。
- 前記バリアは、約1/10,000乃至1/15,000インチに前記環状流路の断面幅を減じる、請求項13に記載の装置。
- 前記環状流路は第1の環状流路であり、前記内側は第1の内側であり、前記外側は第1の外側であり、前記バリアは、
前記コールドフィンガーの少なくとも一部を囲むように構成された流れ誘導部であって、前記流れ誘導部は、前記第1の環状流路の少なくとも一部を第2の環状流路および第3の環状流路に分離させ、前記第2の環状流路は、第2の外側の前記流れ誘導部と、前記第1の内側の前記コールドフィンガーとによって画定され、前記第3の環状流路は、前記クライオクーラーと、前記第1の外側の前記容器と、第2の内側の前記流れ誘導部とによって画定される流れ誘導部を備え、
供給ストリームガスは、前記第2の環状流路を通って流れ、通気ガスは前記第3の環状流路を通って流れる、請求項13に記載の装置。 - 前記外側空間が前記容器を取り巻く大気である、請求項1に記載の装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US62248304P | 2004-10-26 | 2004-10-26 | |
US60/622,483 | 2004-10-26 | ||
US67766105P | 2005-05-02 | 2005-05-02 | |
US60/677,661 | 2005-05-02 | ||
US11/131,071 | 2005-05-16 | ||
US11/131,071 US7213400B2 (en) | 2004-10-26 | 2005-05-16 | Liquefying and storing a gas |
PCT/US2005/038844 WO2006047710A2 (en) | 2004-10-26 | 2005-10-25 | Liquefying and storing a gas |
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US7213400B2 (en) * | 2004-10-26 | 2007-05-08 | Respironics In-X, Inc. | Liquefying and storing a gas |
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- 2005-10-25 EP EP05824289.2A patent/EP1805451B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-10-25 BR BRPI0516109-6A patent/BRPI0516109A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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- 2005-10-25 WO PCT/US2005/038716 patent/WO2006047664A2/en active Application Filing
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US20060086099A1 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
AU2005299616A1 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
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AU2005299616B2 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
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BRPI0516109A (pt) | 2008-08-26 |
JP2008518181A (ja) | 2008-05-29 |
CA2585242C (en) | 2013-10-22 |
EP1805451B1 (en) | 2014-05-21 |
WO2006047664A3 (en) | 2007-03-22 |
WO2006047710A2 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
WO2006047664A2 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
AU2008243145A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
US7555916B2 (en) | 2009-07-07 |
EP1805451A2 (en) | 2007-07-11 |
AU2005299287B2 (en) | 2010-05-13 |
AU2008243145B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
WO2006047710A3 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
EP1805451A4 (en) | 2011-08-31 |
BRPI0517532A (pt) | 2008-10-14 |
CA2585242A1 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
EP1805463B1 (en) | 2014-05-21 |
EP1805463A4 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
EP1805463A2 (en) | 2007-07-11 |
US20080120982A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
US20060086102A1 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
CA2585356C (en) | 2013-10-22 |
CA2585356A1 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
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