JP4725773B2 - Surface coated cermet cutting tool whose hard coating layer exhibits excellent chipping resistance in intermittent heavy cutting - Google Patents
Surface coated cermet cutting tool whose hard coating layer exhibits excellent chipping resistance in intermittent heavy cutting Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims description 78
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 title claims description 46
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910004349 Ti-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910004692 Ti—Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
この発明は、特に鋼や鋳鉄などの被削材の断続切削を、高切り込みや高送りなどの重切削条件で行った場合にも、硬質被覆層がすぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮する表面被覆サーメット製切削工具（以下、被覆サーメット工具という）に関するものである。 The present invention provides a surface-coated cermet that exhibits excellent chipping resistance even when intermittent cutting of work materials such as steel and cast iron is performed under heavy cutting conditions such as high cutting and high feed. The present invention relates to a cutting tool (hereinafter referred to as a coated cermet tool).
一般に、被覆サーメット工具には、各種の鋼や鋳鉄などの被削材の旋削加工や平削り加工にバイトの先端部に着脱自在に取り付けて用いられるスローアウエイチップ、穴あけ切削加工などに用いられるドリルやミニチュアドリル、さらに切刃が断続切削加工形態をとる面削加工や溝加工、肩加工などに用いられるソリッドタイプのエンドミルなどがあり、また前記スローアウエイチップを着脱自在に取り付けて前記ソリッドタイプのエンドミルと同様に切削加工を行うスローアウエイエンドミル工具などが知られている。 Generally, for coated cermet tools, drills used for throwaway inserts that are detachably attached to the tip of a cutting tool for turning and planing of work materials such as various steel and cast iron, drills for drilling, etc. And miniature drills, solid type end mills used for chamfering, grooving, shoulder machining, etc., where the cutting edge takes an intermittent cutting form, etc. A slow-away end mill tool that performs cutting work in the same manner as an end mill is known.
また、被覆サーメット工具として、炭化タングステン（以下、ＷＣで示す）基超硬合金または炭窒化チタン（以下、ＴｉＣＮで示す）基サーメットで構成された工具基体の表面に、組成式：（Ｔｉ1-X ＡｌX ）Ｎ（ただし、原子比で、Ｘは０．４５〜０．７０を示す）を満足するＴｉとＡｌの複合窒化物［以下、（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎで示す］層からなる硬質被覆層を２〜１５μｍの平均層厚で物理蒸着してなる被覆サーメット工具が提案され、各種の鋼や鋳鉄などの連続切削や断続切削加工に用いられている。 Further, as a coated cermet tool, a composition formula: (Ti 1− ) is formed on the surface of a tool base made of tungsten carbide (hereinafter referred to as WC) based cemented carbide or titanium carbonitride (hereinafter referred to as TiCN) based cermet. X Al X ) N hard (consisting of a Ti and Al composite nitride [hereinafter referred to as (Ti, Al) N] layer) satisfying N (wherein X is 0.45 to 0.70 in atomic ratio) A coated cermet tool obtained by physically vapor-depositing a coating layer with an average layer thickness of 2 to 15 μm has been proposed and used for continuous cutting and intermittent cutting of various steels and cast iron.
さらに、上記の被覆サーメット工具が、例えば図５に概略説明図で示される物理蒸着装置の１種であるアークイオンプレーティング装置に上記の工具基体を装着し、装置内を３００〜５００℃に加熱し、工具基体の表面をＴｉボンバード洗浄処理した状態で、アノード電極と所定組成を有するＴｉ−Ａｌ合金がセットされたカソード電極（蒸発源）との間に８０〜１４０Ａのアーク電流を流してアーク放電を発生させ、同時に装置内に反応ガスとして窒素ガスを導入して、例えば２Ｐａの反応雰囲気とし、一方上記工具基体には、例えば−１００Ｖのバイアス電圧を印加した条件で、前記工具基体の表面に、上記（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層からなる硬質被覆層を蒸着することにより製造されることも知られている。
近年の切削装置の高性能化はめざましく、一方で切削加工に対する省力化および省エネ化、さらに低コスト化の要求は強く、これに伴い、切削加工は切削条件のうちの切り込みや送りなどを高くした重切削条件で行われる傾向にあるが、上記の従来被覆サーメット工具においては、これを鋼や鋳鉄などの被削材を通常の条件で連続切削および断続切削するのに用いた場合には問題はないが、特にこれを強い機械的衝撃が繰り返し付加される前記の重切削条件で断続切削加工を行うのに用いた場合には、硬質被覆層である（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層が十分な高温強度を具備するものでないために、チッピング（微少欠け）が発生し易く、これが原因で比較的短時間で使用寿命に至るのが現状である。 In recent years, the performance of cutting machines has been remarkable. On the other hand, there are strong demands for labor saving and energy saving and further cost reduction for cutting work. As a result, cutting has increased cutting and feeding among cutting conditions. In the above-mentioned conventional coated cermet tool, there is a problem if this is used for continuous cutting and intermittent cutting of steel or cast iron under normal conditions. However, when this is used to perform intermittent cutting under the above heavy cutting conditions in which strong mechanical impact is repeatedly applied, the (Ti, Al) N layer, which is a hard coating layer, has a sufficiently high temperature. Since it does not have strength, chipping (slight chipping) is likely to occur, and due to this, the service life is reached in a relatively short time.
そこで、本発明者等は、上述のような観点から、上記の従来被覆サーメット工具の硬質被覆層に着目し、これの耐チッピング性向上をはかるべく研究を行った結果、
（ａ）例えば図４（ａ）に概略平面図で同（ｂ）に概略正面図で示される構造のアークイオンプレーティング装置、すなわち装置中央部に工具基体装着用回転テーブルを設けた構造のアークイオンプレーティング装置を用い、さらに同じ組成をもったＴｉ−Ａｌ合金を２個用意し、前記Ｔｉ−Ａｌ合金のそれぞれを前記回転テーブルを挟んで、いずれもカソード電極（蒸発源）として対向配置し、この装置の前記回転テーブル上の中心軸から半径方向に所定距離離れた位置にテーブルの外周部に沿って複数の工具基体をリング状に装着し、この状態で装置内雰囲気を窒素雰囲気として前記回転テーブルを回転させると共に、蒸着形成される硬質被覆層の層厚均一化を図る目的で工具基体自体も自転させながら、一方側のカソード電極（蒸発源）であるＴｉ−Ａｌ合金とアノード電極の間のアーク電流を８０〜１４０Ａ、他方側のカソード電極（蒸発源）であるＴｉ−Ａｌ合金とアノード電極の間のアーク電流を１５０〜２００Ａとした条件で、前記両カソード電極（蒸発源）に同時にアーク放電を発生させて、前記工具基体の表面に硬質被覆層として上記の組成式：（Ｔｉ1-X ＡｌX ）Ｎ（ただし、原子比で、Ｘは０．４５〜０．７０を示す）を満足する（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層を形成すると、この結果形成された（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層はすぐれた高温強度を具備するようになり、強い機械的衝撃が繰り返し付加される重切削条件で断続切削加工を行っても、すぐれた耐チッピング性を示し、長期に亘ってすぐれた切削性能を発揮すること。
Therefore, the present inventors, from the above viewpoint, paying attention to the hard coating layer of the above conventional coated cermet tool, and as a result of conducting research to improve its chipping resistance,
(A) For example, an arc ion plating apparatus having a structure shown in a schematic plan view in FIG. 4A and a schematic front view in FIG. 4B, that is, an arc having a structure in which a rotary table for mounting a tool base is provided at the center of the apparatus. Using an ion plating apparatus, two Ti-Al alloys having the same composition are prepared, and each of the Ti-Al alloys is arranged opposite to each other as a cathode electrode (evaporation source) with the rotary table interposed therebetween. A plurality of tool bases are mounted in a ring shape along the outer peripheral portion of the table at a position spaced apart from the central axis on the rotary table of the apparatus by a predetermined distance in the radial direction. While rotating the rotary table and rotating the tool base itself for the purpose of uniforming the thickness of the hard coating layer formed by vapor deposition, one side cathode electrode (evaporation source) The arc current between the Ti—Al alloy and the anode electrode is 80 to 140 A, and the arc current between the Ti—Al alloy that is the cathode electrode (evaporation source) and the anode electrode is 150 to 200 A. In addition, arc discharge is generated simultaneously on both the cathode electrodes (evaporation source), and the above composition formula: (Ti 1-X Al X ) N (where X is an atomic ratio, X as a hard coating layer on the surface of the tool base) When forming a (Ti, Al) N layer that satisfies the condition of 0.45 to 0.70, the resulting (Ti, Al) N layer has excellent high-temperature strength and is strong. Even when intermittent cutting is performed under heavy cutting conditions where mechanical impact is repeatedly applied, it exhibits excellent chipping resistance and exhibits excellent cutting performance over a long period of time.
（ｂ）上記（ａ）の（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層と上記の従来（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層について、電界放出型走査電子顕微鏡を用い、図１に概略説明図で示される通り、表面研磨面の測定範囲内に存在する立方晶結晶格子を有する結晶粒個々に電子線を照射して、前記表面研磨面の法線に対して、前記結晶粒の結晶面である{１００}面の法線がなす傾斜角を測定し、前記測定傾斜角のうち、０〜４５度の範囲内にある測定傾斜角を０．２５度のピッチ毎に区分すると共に、各区分内に存在する度数を集計してなる傾斜角度数分布グラフを作成した場合、前記従来（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層は、図３に例示される通り、{１００}面の測定傾斜角の分布が０〜４５度の範囲内で不偏的な傾斜角度数分布グラフを示すのに対して、前記（ａ）の（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層は、図２に例示される通り、１０〜２０度の範囲内および３０〜４０度の範囲内の傾斜角区分にそれぞれピークが現れること。 (B) Surface polishing of the (Ti, Al) N layer of (a) and the conventional (Ti, Al) N layer described above using a field emission scanning electron microscope, as schematically shown in FIG. A crystal grain having a cubic crystal lattice existing within the measurement range of the plane is irradiated with an electron beam, and the method of the {100} plane which is the crystal plane of the crystal grain with respect to the normal line of the surface polished surface Measure the tilt angle formed by the line, and divide the measured tilt angles within the range of 0 to 45 degrees out of the measured tilt angles by pitch of 0.25 degrees, and count the frequencies existing in each section When the inclination angle number distribution graph is created, the conventional (Ti, Al) N layer has a measured inclination angle distribution on the {100} plane within the range of 0 to 45 degrees as illustrated in FIG. The (Ti, Al) N layer of (a) is shown in FIG. As illustrated in 2, peaks appear in the inclination angle sections in the range of 10 to 20 degrees and in the range of 30 to 40 degrees, respectively.
（ｃ）多くの試験結果によれば、上記の対向配置したカソード電極（蒸発源）であるＴｉ−Ａｌ合金とアノード電極間のアーク放電電流をそれぞれ上記の通り８０〜１４０Ａおよび１５０〜２００Ａの範囲内で変化させると、ピークが傾斜角区分の１０〜２０度の範囲内および３０〜４０度の範囲内にそれぞれ現れると共に、前記１０〜２０度の範囲内および３０〜４０度の範囲内に存在する合計度数が、傾斜角度数分布グラフにおける度数全体の５０〜７５％の割合を占める傾斜角度数分布グラフを示すようになり、このような傾斜角度数分布グラフを示す（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層を硬質被覆層として形成してなる被覆サーメット工具は、断続切削加工を重切削条件で行ってもすぐれた耐チッピング性を長期に亘って発揮するようになること。
以上（ａ）〜（ｃ）に示される研究結果を得たのである。
(C) According to many test results, the arc discharge currents between the Ti—Al alloy, which is the cathode electrode (evaporation source) arranged as described above, and the anode electrode are in the range of 80 to 140 A and 150 to 200 A as described above. The peak appears within the range of 10 to 20 degrees and 30 to 40 degrees of the tilt angle segment, and exists within the range of 10 to 20 degrees and the range of 30 to 40 degrees. An inclination angle frequency distribution graph in which the total frequency to occupy a ratio of 50 to 75% of the entire frequency in the inclination angle frequency distribution graph is shown. (Ti, Al) N layer showing such an inclination angle frequency distribution graph A coated cermet tool formed by forming a hard coating layer should exhibit excellent chipping resistance over a long period of time even when intermittent cutting is performed under heavy cutting conditions.
The research results shown in (a) to (c) above were obtained.
この発明は、上記の研究結果に基づいてなされたものであって、ＷＣ基超硬合金またはＴｉＣＮ基サーメットで構成された工具基体の表面に、
組成式：（Ａｌ1-X ＴｉX ）Ｎ（ただし、原子比で、Ｘは０．４５〜０．７０を示す）を満足し、
かつ、電界放出型走査電子顕微鏡を用い、表面研磨面の測定範囲内に存在する立方晶結晶格子を有する結晶粒個々に電子線を照射して、前記表面研磨面の法線に対して、前記結晶粒の結晶面である{１００}面の法線がなす傾斜角を測定し、前記測定傾斜角のうち、０〜４５度の範囲内にある測定傾斜角を０．２５度のピッチ毎に区分すると共に、各区分内に存在する度数を集計してなる傾斜角度数分布グラフにおいて、１０〜２０度の範囲内および３０〜４０度の範囲内の傾斜角区分にそれぞれピークが存在すると共に、前記１０〜２０度の範囲内および３０〜４０度の範囲内に存在する合計度数が、傾斜角度数分布グラフにおける度数全体の５０〜７５％の割合を占める傾斜角度数分布グラフを示し、かつ２〜１５μｍの平均層厚を有する（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層、
で構成された硬質被覆層を形成してなる、硬質被覆層が断続重切削ですぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮する被覆サーメット工具に特徴を有するものである。
The present invention has been made based on the above research results, and on the surface of a tool base composed of a WC-based cemented carbide or TiCN-based cermet,
Composition formula: (Al 1-X Ti X ) N (wherein, X is 0.45 to 0.70 in atomic ratio) is satisfied,
And, using a field emission scanning electron microscope, irradiating an electron beam to each crystal grain having a cubic crystal lattice existing in the measurement range of the surface polished surface, the normal to the surface polished surface, The inclination angle formed by the normal line of the {100} plane, which is the crystal plane of the crystal grain, is measured, and the measurement inclination angle within the range of 0 to 45 degrees out of the measurement inclination angles is set for every 0.25 degree pitch. In the slope angle distribution graph formed by summing up the frequencies existing in each section, there are peaks in the slope angle sections in the range of 10 to 20 degrees and in the range of 30 to 40 degrees, The inclination frequency distribution graph in which the total frequency existing in the range of 10 to 20 degrees and the range of 30 to 40 degrees occupies a ratio of 50 to 75% of the entire frequency in the inclination angle frequency distribution graph, and 2 Having an average layer thickness of ˜15 μm ( Ti, Al) N layer,
The hard coating layer formed by the above-described hard coating layer is characterized by a coated cermet tool that exhibits excellent chipping resistance in intermittent heavy cutting.
なお、この発明の被覆サーメット工具の硬質被覆層を構成する（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層において、Ｔｉ成分は高温強度を向上させ、一方Ａｌ成分は高温硬さおよび耐熱性（高温特性）を向上させる目的で含有するものであり、したがってＡｌ成分の含有割合を示すＸ値がＴｉ成分との合量に占める割合（原子比）で０．４５未満になると、相対的にＴｉの割合が多くなり過ぎて、所望のすぐれた高温特性を確保することができなくなり、一方同Ｘ値が０．７０を越えると、相対的にＴｉの割合が少なくなり過ぎて、層自体の高温強度の低下は避けられず、この結果チッピングなどが発生し易くなることから、Ｘ値を０．４５〜０．７０と定めたものであり、また、硬質被覆層の平均層厚が２μｍ未満では、所望の耐摩耗性を確保することができず、一方その平均層厚が１５μｍを越えると、チッピングが発生し易くなることから、その平均層厚を２〜１５μｍと定めたのである。 In the (Ti, Al) N layer constituting the hard coating layer of the coated cermet tool of the present invention, the Ti component improves the high temperature strength, while the Al component improves the high temperature hardness and heat resistance (high temperature characteristics). Therefore, if the X value indicating the content ratio of the Al component is less than 0.45 in terms of the total amount with the Ti component (atomic ratio), the proportion of Ti is relatively excessive. Thus, the desired excellent high temperature characteristics cannot be ensured. On the other hand, if the X value exceeds 0.70, the proportion of Ti is relatively decreased, and the high temperature strength of the layer itself can be avoided. As a result, since chipping or the like is likely to occur, the X value is set to 0.45 to 0.70. If the average thickness of the hard coating layer is less than 2 μm, the desired wear resistance is obtained. Can not secure On the other hand, when the average layer thickness exceeds 15 [mu] m, since the chipping is likely to occur, it's the average layer thickness was defined as 2 to 15 [mu] m.
また、上記の通り、対向配置したカソード電極（蒸発源）であるＴｉ−Ａｌ合金とアノード電極間のアーク放電電流をそれぞれ上記の通り８０〜１４０Ａおよび１５０〜２００Ａの範囲内で変化させると、（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層の傾斜角度数分布グラフにおける測定傾斜角の１０〜２０度の範囲内および３０〜４０度の範囲内にピークが現れ、かつ前記１０〜２０度の範囲内および３０〜４０度の範囲内に存在する合計度数が、傾斜角度数分布グラフにおける度数全体の５０〜７０％の割合を占める傾斜角度数分布グラフが得られるようになるが、この結論は多くの試験結果に基づくものであり、したがって、前記アーク放電電流が前記の範囲を外れると、測定傾斜角のピークは前記１０〜２０度の範囲内および３０〜４０度の範囲内の両方に現れることはなく、このような場合には硬質被覆層に所望のすぐれた高温強度を確保することはできず、したがって強い機械的衝撃が繰り返し付加される断続重切削加工で、すぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮することができないものである。 Further, as described above, when the arc discharge current between the Ti—Al alloy, which is the cathode electrode (evaporation source) and the anode electrode, facing each other is changed within the range of 80 to 140 A and 150 to 200 A as described above, A peak appears in the range of 10 to 20 degrees and 30 to 40 degrees of the measured inclination angle in the inclination angle number distribution graph of the Ti, Al) N layer, and in the range of 10 to 20 degrees and 30 to 40 degrees. An inclination angle distribution graph in which the total frequency existing in the range of degrees accounts for 50 to 70% of the entire frequency in the inclination angle distribution graph is obtained, but this conclusion is based on many test results Therefore, when the arc discharge current is out of the range, the peak of the measured tilt angle is in both the range of 10 to 20 degrees and the range of 30 to 40 degrees. In such a case, it is impossible to ensure the desired high-temperature strength of the hard coating layer, and therefore excellent chipping resistance in intermittent heavy cutting that repeatedly applies strong mechanical impact. It is not possible to demonstrate.
この発明の被覆サーメット工具は、各種の鋼や鋳鉄などの切削加工を、強い機械的衝撃を伴なう断続切削加工を重切削条件で行うのに用いた場合にも、硬質被覆層である（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層が一段とすぐれた高温強度を具備することから、すぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮し、使用寿命の一層の延命化を可能とするものである。 The coated cermet tool of the present invention is a hard coating layer even when it is used for cutting various steels and cast iron, etc., to perform intermittent cutting with a strong mechanical impact under heavy cutting conditions ( Since the Ti, Al) N layer has a higher high-temperature strength, it exhibits excellent chipping resistance and enables further extension of the service life.
つぎに、この発明の被覆サーメット工具を実施例により具体的に説明する。 Next, the coated cermet tool of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
原料粉末として、いずれも１〜３μｍの平均粒径を有するＷＣ粉末、ＴｉＣ粉末、ＶＣ粉末、ＴａＣ粉末、ＮｂＣ粉末、Ｃｒ3 Ｃ2 粉末、およびＣｏ粉末を用意し、これら原料粉末を、表１に示される配合組成に配合し、ボールミルで７２時間湿式混合し、乾燥した後、１００ＭＰａ の圧力で圧粉体にプレス成形し、この圧粉体を６Ｐａの真空中、温度：１４００℃に１時間保持の条件で焼結し、焼結後、切刃部分にＲ：０．０３のホーニング加工を施してＩＳＯ規格・ＣＮＭＧ１２０４０８のチップ形状をもったＷＣ基超硬合金製の工具基体Ａ１〜Ａ１０を形成した。 As raw material powders, WC powder, TiC powder, VC powder, TaC powder, NbC powder, Cr 3 C 2 powder, and Co powder, all having an average particle diameter of 1 to 3 μm, were prepared. And then wet-mixed with a ball mill for 72 hours, dried, and press-molded into a green compact at a pressure of 100 MPa. The green compact was vacuumed at 6 Pa at a temperature of 1400 ° C. for 1 hour. Sintering is performed under holding conditions, and after sintering, tool bases A1 to A10 made of WC-base cemented carbide having ISO standard / CNMG120408 chip shape by applying a honing process of R: 0.03 to the cutting edge portion. Formed.
また、原料粉末として、いずれも０．５〜２μｍの平均粒径を有するＴｉＣＮ（重量比でＴｉＣ／ＴｉＮ＝５０／５０）粉末、Ｍｏ2 Ｃ粉末、ＺｒＣ粉末、ＮｂＣ粉末、ＴａＣ粉末、ＷＣ粉末、Ｃｏ粉末、およびＮｉ粉末を用意し、これら原料粉末を、表２に示される配合組成に配合し、ボールミルで２４時間湿式混合し、乾燥した後、１００ＭＰａの圧力で圧粉体にプレス成形し、この圧粉体を２ｋＰａの窒素雰囲気中、温度：１５００℃に１時間保持の条件で焼結し、焼結後、切刃部分にＲ：０．０３のホーニング加工を施してＩＳＯ規格・ＣＮＭＧ１２０４０８のチップ形状をもったＴｉＣＮ基サーメット製の工具基体Ｂ１〜Ｂ６を形成した。 In addition, as raw material powders, all are TiCN (weight ratio TiC / TiN = 50/50) powder, Mo 2 C powder, ZrC powder, NbC powder, TaC powder, WC powder having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 2 μm. Co powder and Ni powder are prepared, and these raw material powders are blended in the blending composition shown in Table 2, wet mixed by a ball mill for 24 hours, dried, and then pressed into a compact at a pressure of 100 MPa. The green compact was sintered in a nitrogen atmosphere of 2 kPa at a temperature of 1500 ° C. for 1 hour, and after sintering, the cutting edge portion was subjected to a honing process of R: 0.03 to obtain ISO standard / CNMG120408. The tool bases B1 to B6 made of TiCN-based cermet having the following chip shape were formed.
ついで、上記の工具基体Ａ１〜Ａ１０およびＢ１〜Ｂ６のそれぞれを、アセトン中で超音波洗浄し、乾燥した状態で、図４に示されるアークイオンプレーティング装置、すなわち装置中央部に工具基体装着用回転テーブルを設けた構造のアークイオンプレーティング装置の前記回転テーブル上の中心軸から半径方向に所定距離離れた位置にテーブルの外周部に沿って複数の工具基体をリング状に装着し、種々の成分組成をもったＴｉ−Ａｌ合金を２個づつ用意すると共に、前記同じ成分組成をもった２個のＴｉ−Ａｌ合金のそれぞれを前記回転テーブルを挟んで、いずれもカソード電極（蒸発源）として対向配置し、さらに前記装置内に前記回転テーブルに沿ってカソード電極（蒸発源）として工具基体表面ボンバード洗浄用金属Ｔｉも装着し、まず、装置内を排気して０．５Ｐａ以下の真空に保持しながら、ヒーターで装置内を５００℃に加熱した後、前記回転テーブル上で自転しながら回転する工具基体に−８００Ｖの直流バイアス電圧を印加し、かつカソード電極の前記金属Ｔｉとアノード電極との間に１００Ａの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させて、前記工具基体表面をＴｉボンバード洗浄し、ついで装置内に反応ガスとして窒素ガスを導入して２Ｐａの反応雰囲気とすると共に、前記回転テーブル上で自転しながら回転する工具基体に−１００Ｖの直流バイアス電圧を印加し、前記対向配置したカソード電極であるＴｉ−Ａｌ合金の一方とアノード電極との間には８０〜１４０Ａの範囲内の所定の電流を流し、同時に同じく他方のカソード電極であるＴｉ−Ａｌ合金とアノード電極との間には１５０〜２００Ａの範囲内の所定の電流を流して、それぞれアーク放電を発生させ、もって前記工具基体の表面に、表３に示される目標組成および目標層厚の（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層を蒸着することにより、本発明被覆サーメット工具としての本発明表面被覆サーメット製スローアウエイチップ（以下、本発明被覆チップと云う）１〜１６をそれぞれ製造した。 Next, each of the tool bases A1 to A10 and B1 to B6 is ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and dried, and then the arc ion plating apparatus shown in FIG. A plurality of tool bases are mounted in a ring shape along the outer peripheral portion of the table at a predetermined distance in the radial direction from the central axis on the rotary table of the arc ion plating apparatus having a structure provided with the rotary table. Prepare two Ti-Al alloys each having a component composition, and each of the two Ti-Al alloys having the same component composition sandwiching the rotary table, both serving as cathode electrodes (evaporation sources) The tool base surface bombardment cleaning metal Ti is also mounted as a cathode electrode (evaporation source) along the rotary table in the apparatus. First, the inside of the apparatus is evacuated and kept at a vacuum of 0.5 Pa or less, the inside of the apparatus is heated to 500 ° C. with a heater, and then a DC bias of −800 V is applied to the tool base that rotates while rotating on the rotary table. A voltage is applied and a current of 100 A is passed between the metal Ti and the anode electrode of the cathode electrode to generate an arc discharge, and the surface of the tool base is cleaned with Ti bombardment. One of the Ti-Al alloys which are cathode electrodes arranged opposite to each other by applying a DC bias voltage of -100 V to a tool base rotating while rotating on the rotary table while introducing gas into a reaction atmosphere of 2 Pa. A predetermined current in the range of 80 to 140 A flows between the anode electrode and the anode electrode, and at the same time, Ti-Al alloy which is the other cathode electrode A predetermined current in the range of 150 to 200 A is passed between the node electrodes to generate arc discharges, respectively, so that the target composition and target layer thickness (Ti) shown in Table 3 are formed on the surface of the tool base. , Al) N layers were vapor-deposited to produce the surface-covered cermet throwaway tips (hereinafter referred to as the present invention-coated tips) 1 to 16 as the present invention-coated cermet tools.
また、比較の目的で、上記の工具基体Ａ１〜Ａ１０およびＢ１〜Ｂ６のそれぞれを、アセトン中で超音波洗浄し、乾燥した状態で、図５に示される通常のアークイオンプレーティング装置に装着し、カソード電極（蒸発源）として種々の成分組成をもったＴｉ−Ａｌ合金をそれぞれ１種づつ装着し、またボンバード洗浄用金属Ｔｉも装着し、まず、装置内を排気して０．５Ｐａ以下の真空に保持しながら、ヒーターで装置内を５００℃に加熱した後、前記工具基体に−８００Ｖの直流バイアス電圧を印加し、かつカソード電極の前記金属Ｔｉとアノード電極との間に１００Ａの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させて、前記工具基体表面をＴｉボンバード洗浄し、ついで装置内に反応ガスとして窒素ガスを導入して２Ｐａの反応雰囲気とすると共に、前記工具基体に印加するバイアス電圧を−１００Ｖに下げて、アノード電極とカソード電極（蒸発源）である所定組成を有するＴｉ−Ａｌ合金との間に１００Ａのアーク電流を流してアーク放電を発生させ、もって前記工具基体の表面に、表４に示される目標組成および目標層厚の（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層からなる硬質被覆層を蒸着することにより、従来被覆サーメット工具としての従来表面被覆サーメット製スローアウエイチップ（以下、従来被覆チップと云う）１〜１６をそれぞれ製造した。 For comparison purposes, each of the tool bases A1 to A10 and B1 to B6 is ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and dried, and then attached to the normal arc ion plating apparatus shown in FIG. The cathode electrode (evaporation source) is equipped with one Ti-Al alloy having various component compositions, and the bombard cleaning metal Ti is also installed. First, the inside of the apparatus is evacuated to 0.5 Pa or less. While maintaining the vacuum, the inside of the apparatus was heated to 500 ° C. with a heater, a DC bias voltage of −800 V was applied to the tool base, and a current of 100 A was applied between the metal Ti of the cathode electrode and the anode electrode. Flow to generate arc discharge, the tool base surface is cleaned with Ti bombardment, and then nitrogen gas is introduced into the apparatus as a reaction gas to form a reaction atmosphere of 2 Pa. In addition, the bias voltage applied to the tool base is lowered to −100 V, and an arc discharge is performed by flowing an arc current of 100 A between the anode electrode and the Ti—Al alloy having a predetermined composition as the cathode electrode (evaporation source). The conventional surface coating as a conventional coated cermet tool is generated by vapor-depositing a hard coating layer composed of a (Ti, Al) N layer having the target composition and target layer thickness shown in Table 4 on the surface of the tool base. Cermet throwaway tips (hereinafter referred to as conventional coated tips) 1 to 16 were produced, respectively.
つぎに、上記本発明被覆チップ１〜１６および従来被覆チップ１〜１６について、これを工具鋼製バイトの先端部に固定治具にてネジ止めした状態で、
被削材：ＪＩＳ・ＳＮＣＭ４３９の長さ方向等間隔４本縦溝入り丸棒、
切削速度：１７０ｍ／ｍｉｎ．、
切り込み：３．０ｍｍ、
送り：０．２４ｍｍ／ｒｅｖ．、
切削時間：５分、
の条件（切削条件Ａという）での合金鋼の乾式断続高切り込み切削加工試験（通常の切り込みは１．５ｍｍ）、
被削材：ＪＩＳ・Ｓ４５Ｃの長さ方向等間隔４本縦溝入り丸棒、
切削速度：２２０ｍ／ｍｉｎ．、
切り込み：１．５ｍｍ、
送り：０．２７ｍｍ／ｒｅｖ．、
切削時間：５分、
の条件（切削条件Ｂという）での炭素鋼の乾式断続高送り切削加工試験（通常の送りは０．１５ｍｍ／ｒｅｖ．）、さらに、
被削材：ＪＩＳ・ＦＣ３００の長さ方向等間隔４本縦溝入り丸棒、
切削速度：２４０ｍ／ｍｉｎ．、
切り込み：３．０ｍｍ、
送り：０．２０ｍｍ／ｒｅｖ．、
切削時間：５分、
の条件（切削条件Ｃという）での鋳鉄の乾式断続高切り込み切削加工試験（通常の切り込みは１．５ｍｍ）を行い、いずれの切削加工試験でも切刃の逃げ面摩耗幅を測定した。この測定結果を表５に示した。
Next, for the above-mentioned coated chips 1-16 of the present invention and the conventional coated chips 1-16, this is screwed to the tip of the tool steel tool with a fixing jig,
Work material: JIS / SNCM439 round direction bar with 4 equal intervals in the length direction,
Cutting speed: 170 m / min. ,
Cutting depth: 3.0 mm,
Feed: 0.24 mm / rev. ,
Cutting time: 5 minutes
A dry interrupted high-cut cutting test of alloy steel under the conditions (referred to as cutting condition A) (normal cutting is 1.5 mm),
Work material: JIS · S45C lengthwise equal 4 round grooved round bars,
Cutting speed: 220 m / min. ,
Incision: 1.5mm,
Feed: 0.27 mm / rev. ,
Cutting time: 5 minutes
Of carbon steel under the following conditions (referred to as cutting conditions B) (normal feed is 0.15 mm / rev.),
Work material: JIS / FC300 lengthwise equidistant 4 bars with vertical grooves,
Cutting speed: 240 m / min. ,
Cutting depth: 3.0 mm,
Feed: 0.20 mm / rev. ,
Cutting time: 5 minutes
A dry interrupted high cut cutting test (normal cutting is 1.5 mm) of cast iron under the above conditions (referred to as cutting condition C) was conducted, and the flank wear width of the cutting blade was measured in any cutting test. The measurement results are shown in Table 5.
原料粉末として、平均粒径：５．５μｍを有する中粗粒ＷＣ粉末、同０．８μｍの微粒ＷＣ粉末、同１．３μｍのＴａＣ粉末、同１．２μｍのＮｂＣ粉末、同１．２μｍのＺｒＣ粉末、同２．３μｍのＣｒ3Ｃ2粉末、同１．５μｍのＶＣ粉末、同１．０μｍの（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ［質量比で、５０／５０］粉末、および同１．８μｍのＣｏ粉末を用意し、これら原料粉末をそれぞれ表６に示される配合組成に配合し、さらにワックスを加えてアセトン中で２４時間ボールミル混合し、減圧乾燥した後、１００ＭＰａの圧力で所定形状の各種の圧粉体にプレス成形し、これらの圧粉体を、６Ｐａの真空雰囲気中、７℃／分の昇温速度で１３７０〜１４７０℃の範囲内の所定の温度に昇温し、この温度に１時間保持後、炉冷の条件で焼結して、直径が８ｍｍ、１３ｍｍ、および２６ｍｍの３種の工具基体形成用丸棒焼結体を形成し、さらに前記の３種の丸棒焼結体から、研削加工にて、表６に示される組合せで、切刃部の直径×長さがそれぞれ６ｍｍ×１３ｍｍ、１０ｍｍ×２２ｍｍ、および２０ｍｍ×４５ｍｍの寸法、並びにいずれもねじれ角：３０度の４枚刃スクエアの形状をもった工具基体（エンドミル）Ｃ−１〜Ｃ−８をそれぞれ製造した。
また、別途、上記工具基体（エンドミル）Ｃ−１〜Ｃ−８とそれぞれ同じ組成をもち、かついずれも平面：１２ｍｍ×１２ｍｍ、厚さ：６ｍｍの寸法をもった電界放出型走査電子顕微鏡による傾斜角度数分布グラフ作成用試験片を用意した。
As raw material powders, medium coarse WC powder having an average particle diameter of 5.5 μm, fine WC powder of 0.8 μm, TaC powder of 1.3 μm, NbC powder of 1.2 μm, ZrC of 1.2 μm Powder, 2.3 μm Cr 3 C 2 powder, 1.5 μm VC powder, 1.0 μm (Ti, W) C [50/50 by mass ratio] powder, and 1.8 μm Co Prepare powders, mix each of these raw material powders with the composition shown in Table 6, add wax, ball mill mix in acetone for 24 hours, dry under reduced pressure, and then press various pressures of a predetermined shape at a pressure of 100 MPa. The powder compact is press-molded, and these green compacts are heated to a predetermined temperature in the range of 1370 to 1470 ° C. at a heating rate of 7 ° C./min in a vacuum atmosphere of 6 Pa, and this temperature is maintained for 1 hour. After holding, sintering under furnace cooling conditions, the diameter is 8m , 13 mm, and 26 mm round bar sintered bodies for forming a tool base were formed, and further, the above three types of round bar sintered bodies were subjected to grinding and combined with the cutting edge shown in Table 6 Tool base (end mill) C-1 having a shape of a four-blade square with a diameter × length of 6 mm × 13 mm, 10 mm × 22 mm, and 20 mm × 45 mm, and a twist angle of 30 degrees. C-8 was produced respectively.
Separately, tilting by a field emission scanning electron microscope having the same composition as each of the tool bases (end mills) C-1 to C-8 and having dimensions of a plane: 12 mm × 12 mm and a thickness: 6 mm. A specimen for preparing an angle number distribution graph was prepared.
ついで、これらの工具基体（エンドミル）Ｃ−１〜Ｃ−８および試験片を、アセトン中で超音波洗浄し、乾燥した状態で、同じく図４に示されるアークイオンプレーティング装置に装入し、上記実施例１と同一の条件で、工具基体表面に表７に示される目標組成および目標層厚の（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層を蒸着することにより、本発明被覆サーメット工具としての本発明表面被覆サーメット製エンドミル（以下、本発明被覆エンドミルと云う）１〜８をそれぞれ製造した。 Next, these tool bases (end mills) C-1 to C-8 and the test pieces were ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and dried, and charged into the arc ion plating apparatus shown in FIG. The surface coating of the present invention as the coated cermet tool of the present invention is performed by depositing a (Ti, Al) N layer having the target composition and target layer thickness shown in Table 7 on the surface of the tool base under the same conditions as in Example 1 above. Cermet end mills (hereinafter referred to as the present invention coated end mills) 1 to 8 were produced.
また、比較の目的で、上記の工具基体（エンドミル）Ｃ−１〜Ｃ−８および試験片を、アセトン中で超音波洗浄し、乾燥した状態で、同じく図４に示されるアークイオンプレーティング装置に装入し、上記実施例１と同一の条件で、前記工具基体の表面に、表７に示される目標組成および目標層厚の（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層からなる硬質被覆層を蒸着することにより従来被覆サーメット工具としての従来表面被覆サーメット製エンドミル（以下、従来被覆エンドミルと云う）１〜８をそれぞれ製造した。 For comparison purposes, the above-mentioned tool substrate (end mill) C-1 to C-8 and the test piece are ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and dried, and the arc ion plating apparatus shown in FIG. 4 is also used. And depositing a hard coating layer made of a (Ti, Al) N layer having the target composition and target layer thickness shown in Table 7 on the surface of the tool base under the same conditions as in Example 1 above. Thus, conventional surface-coated cermet end mills (hereinafter referred to as conventional coated end mills) 1 to 8 as conventional coated cermet tools were produced, respectively.
つぎに、上記本発明被覆エンドミル１〜８および従来被覆エンドミル１〜８のうち、本発明被覆エンドミル１〜３および従来被覆エンドミル１〜３については、
被削材：平面寸法：１００ｍｍ×２５０ｍｍ、厚さ：５０ｍｍのＪＩＳ・ＳＫＤ６１の板材、
切削速度：４０ｍ／ｍｉｎ．、
溝深さ（切り込み）：０．５ｍｍ、
テーブル送り：１６０ｍｍ／分、
の条件での工具鋼の乾式高切り込み溝切削加工試験（通常の切り込みは０．２５ｍｍ）、本発明被覆エンドミル４〜６および従来被覆エンドミル４〜６については、
被削材：平面寸法：１００ｍｍ×２５０ｍｍ、厚さ：５０ｍｍのＪＩＳ・Ｓ５５Ｃの板材、
切削速度：１１０ｍ／ｍｉｎ．、
溝深さ（切り込み）：５ｍｍ、
テーブル送り：９００ｍｍ／分、
の条件での炭素鋼の乾式高送り溝切削加工試験（通常のテーブル送りは５００ｍｍ／分）、本発明被覆エンドミル７，８および従来被覆エンドミル７，８については、
被削材：平面寸法：１００ｍｍ×２５０ｍｍ、厚さ：５０ｍｍのＪＩＳ・ＳＣＭ４４０の板材、
切削速度：１２０ｍ／ｍｉｎ．、
溝深さ（切り込み）：１０ｍｍ、
テーブル送り：４５０ｍｍ／分、
の条件での合金鋼の乾式高送り溝切削加工試験（通常のテーブル送りは２００ｍｍ／分）をそれぞれ行い、いずれの溝切削加工試験でも切刃部の外周刃の逃げ面摩耗幅が使用寿命の目安とされる０．１ｍｍに至るまでの切削溝長を測定した。この測定結果を表７にそれぞれ示した。
なお、エンドミルは、その切刃形状から断続切削加工形態をとるものである。
Next, of the present invention coated end mills 1 to 8 and the conventional coated end mills 1 to 8, the present coated end mills 1 to 3 and the conventional coated end mills 1 to 3 are as follows:
Work material: Plane dimensions: 100 mm × 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS / SKD61 plate material,
Cutting speed: 40 m / min. ,
Groove depth (cut): 0.5 mm,
Table feed: 160 mm / min,
With respect to the tool steel dry high-grooving groove cutting test (normal cutting is 0.25 mm), the present invention coated end mills 4-6 and the conventional coated end mills 4-6,
Work material: Plane dimension: 100 mm × 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS / S55C plate material,
Cutting speed: 110 m / min. ,
Groove depth (cut): 5 mm,
Table feed: 900 mm / min,
With respect to the dry high feed groove cutting test of carbon steel under the conditions (normal table feed is 500 mm / min), the coated end mills 7 and 8 of the present invention and the conventional coated end mills 7 and 8,
Work material: Plane dimension: 100 mm × 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS / SCM440 plate material,
Cutting speed: 120 m / min. ,
Groove depth (cut): 10 mm,
Table feed: 450mm / min,
Each of these steels was subjected to a dry high feed groove cutting test (normal table feed is 200 mm / min) under the above conditions. In any groove cutting test, the flank wear width of the outer peripheral edge of the cutting edge is the service life. The cutting groove length up to 0.1 mm as a standard was measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 7, respectively.
In addition, an end mill takes an intermittent cutting form from the cutting edge shape.
上記の実施例２で製造した直径が８ｍｍ（工具基体Ｃ−１〜Ｃ−３形成用）、１３ｍｍ（工具基体Ｃ−４〜Ｃ−６形成用）、および２６ｍｍ（工具基体Ｃ−７、Ｃ−８形成用）の３種の丸棒焼結体を用い、この３種の丸棒焼結体から、研削加工にて、溝形成部の直径×長さがそれぞれ４ｍｍ×１３ｍｍ（工具基体Ｄ−１〜Ｄ−３）、８ｍｍ×２２ｍｍ（工具基体Ｄ−４〜Ｄ−６）、および１６ｍｍ×４５ｍｍ（工具基体Ｄ−７、Ｄ−８）の寸法、並びにいずれもねじれ角：３０度の２枚刃形状をもった工具基体（ドリル）Ｄ−１〜Ｄ−８をそれぞれ製造した。
また、同じく上記工具基体（ドリル）Ｄ−１〜Ｄ−８とそれぞれ同じ組成を有し、かついずれも平面：１２ｍｍ×１２ｍｍ、厚さ：６ｍｍの寸法をもった電界放出型走査電子顕微鏡による傾斜角度数分布グラフ作成用試験片も用意した。
The diameters produced in Example 2 above were 8 mm (for forming the tool bases C-1 to C-3), 13 mm (for forming the tool bases C-4 to C-6), and 26 mm (tool bases C-7 and C). -8 for forming), and from these three types of round bar sintered bodies, the diameter x length of the groove forming part is 4 mm x 13 mm (tool base D) by grinding. −1 to D-3), 8 mm × 22 mm (tool base D-4 to D-6), and 16 mm × 45 mm (tool base D-7, D-8), and the twist angle is 30 degrees. Tool bases (drills) D-1 to D-8 each having a two-blade shape were produced.
Inclined by a field emission scanning electron microscope having the same composition as each of the tool bases (drills) D-1 to D-8 and having dimensions of a plane: 12 mm × 12 mm and a thickness: 6 mm. A specimen for creating an angle distribution graph was also prepared.
ついで、これらの工具基体（ドリル）Ｄ−１〜Ｄ−８の切刃に、ホーニングを施し、上記の試験片と共に、アセトン中で超音波洗浄し、乾燥した状態で、同じく図４に示されるアークイオンプレーティング装置に装入し、上記実施例１と同一の条件で、工具基体表面に表８に示される目標組成および目標層厚の（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層を蒸着することにより、本発明被覆サーメット工具としての本発明表面被覆サーメット製ドリル（以下、本発明被覆ドリルと云う）１〜８をそれぞれ製造した。 Next, honing is performed on the cutting edges of these tool bases (drills) D-1 to D-8, ultrasonic cleaning is performed in acetone together with the above test pieces, and the state is also shown in FIG. By charging an arc ion plating apparatus and depositing a (Ti, Al) N layer having the target composition and target layer thickness shown in Table 8 on the surface of the tool base under the same conditions as in Example 1 above, The invention surface-coated cermet drills (hereinafter referred to as the present invention-coated drills) 1 to 8 as invention-coated cermet tools were produced, respectively.
また、比較の目的で、上記の工具基体（ドリル）Ｄ−１〜Ｄ−８の切刃に、ホーニングを施し、上記の試験片と共に、アセトン中で超音波洗浄し、乾燥した状態で、同じく図５に示されるアークイオンプレーティング装置に装入し、上記実施例１と同一の条件で、上記の工具基体表面に表８に示される目標組成および目標層厚の（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層を蒸着することにより、従来被覆サーメット工具としての従来表面被覆サーメット製ドリル（以下、従来被覆ドリルと云う）１〜８をそれぞれ製造した。 Further, for the purpose of comparison, the cutting edges of the tool bases (drills) D-1 to D-8 are subjected to honing, ultrasonically cleaned in acetone together with the above test pieces, and dried, The (Ti, Al) N layer having the target composition and target layer thickness shown in Table 8 was charged on the surface of the tool base under the same conditions as in Example 1 and charged in the arc ion plating apparatus shown in FIG. The conventional surface-covered cermet drills (hereinafter referred to as conventional coated drills) 1 to 8 as conventional coated cermet tools were produced respectively.
つぎに、上記本発明被覆ドリル１〜８および従来被覆ドリル１〜８のうち、本発明被覆ドリル１〜３および従来被覆ドリル１〜３については、
被削材：平面寸法：１００ｍｍ×２５０ｍｍ、厚さ：５０ｍｍのＪＩＳ・ＳＫＤ６１の板材、
切削速度：３３ｍ／ｍｉｎ．、
送り：０．１８ｍｍ／ｒｅｖ、
穴深さ：１０ｍｍ
の条件での工具鋼の湿式高送り穴あけ切削加工試験（通常の送りは０．０７ｍｍ／ｒｅｖ）、本発明被覆ドリル４〜６および従来被覆ドリル４〜６については、
被削材：平面寸法：１００ｍｍ×２５０ｍｍ、厚さ：５０ｍｍのＪＩＳ・ＦＣ２００の板材、
切削速度：７０ｍ／ｍｉｎ．、
送り：０．３５ｍｍ／ｒｅｖ、
穴深さ：２０ｍｍ
の条件での鋳鉄の湿式高送り穴あけ切削加工試験（通常の送りは０．２ｍｍ／ｒｅｖ）、本発明被覆ドリル７，８および従来被覆ドリル７，８については、
被削材：平面寸法：１００ｍｍ×２５０ｍｍ、厚さ：５０ｍｍのＪＩＳ・ＳＣＭ４３５の板材、
切削速度：４５ｍ／ｍｉｎ．、
送り：０．３３ｍｍ／ｒｅｖ、
穴深さ：４０ｍｍ
の条件での合金鋼の湿式高送り穴あけ切削加工試験（通常の送りは０．２ｍｍ／ｒｅｖ）、をそれぞれ行い、いずれの湿式穴あけ切削加工試験（水溶性切削油使用）でも先端切刃面の逃げ面摩耗幅が０．３ｍｍに至るまでの穴あけ加工数を測定した。この測定結果を表８に示した。
Next, of the present invention coated drills 1 to 8 and the conventional coated drills 1 to 8, the present invention coated drills 1 to 3 and the conventional coated drills 1 to 3 are:
Work material: Plane dimensions: 100 mm × 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS / SKD61 plate material,
Cutting speed: 33 m / min. ,
Feed: 0.18mm / rev,
Hole depth: 10mm
With respect to the tool steel wet high feed drilling cutting test (normal feed is 0.07 mm / rev), the present invention coated drills 4-6 and conventional coated drills 4-6,
Work material: Plane dimensions: 100 mm × 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS / FC200 plate material,
Cutting speed: 70 m / min. ,
Feed: 0.35mm / rev,
Hole depth: 20mm
For the cast iron wet high feed drilling test (normal feed is 0.2 mm / rev), the present invention coated drills 7 and 8 and the conventional coated drills 7 and 8,
Work material: Plane dimensions: 100 mm × 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS / SCM435 plate material,
Cutting speed: 45 m / min. ,
Feed: 0.33mm / rev,
Hole depth: 40mm
Wet high-drilling drilling test (normal feed is 0.2 mm / rev) of alloy steel under the above conditions, respectively, and any wet-drilling cutting test (using water-soluble cutting oil) The number of drilling processes until the flank wear width reached 0.3 mm was measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 8.
この結果得られた本発明被覆サーメット工具としての本発明被覆チップ１〜１６、本発明被覆エンドミル１〜８、および本発明被覆ドリル１〜８、並びに従来被覆サーメット工具としての従来被覆チップ１〜１６、従来被覆エンドミル１〜８、および従来被覆ドリル１〜８の（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層の組成をオージェ分光分析装置を用いて測定したところ、それぞれ目標組成と実質的に同じ組成を示した。
また、これらの本発明被覆サーメット工具および従来被覆サーメット工具の（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層の厚さを、走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて断面測定したところ、いずれも目標値と実質的に同じ平均層厚（５点測定の平均値）を示した。
As a result, the present coated chips 1-16 as the present coated cermet tool, the present coated end mills 1-8, and the present coated drills 1-8, and the conventional coated chips 1-16 as the conventional coated cermet tool. When the compositions of the (Ti, Al) N layers of the conventional coated end mills 1 to 8 and the conventional coated drills 1 to 8 were measured using an Auger spectroscopic analyzer, the compositions were substantially the same as the target compositions.
Moreover, when the thickness of the (Ti, Al) N layer of these coated cermet tools of the present invention and the conventional coated cermet tools was measured by a cross-section using a scanning electron microscope, the average layer was substantially the same as the target value. The thickness (average value of 5-point measurement) was shown.
さらに、上記の本発明被覆サーメット工具と従来被覆サーメット工具の（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層について、電界放出型走査電子顕微鏡を用いて、傾斜角度数分布グラフをそれぞれ作成した。
すなわち、上記傾斜角度数分布グラフは、上記の（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層の表面を研磨面とした状態で、電界放出型走査電子顕微鏡の鏡筒内にセットし、前記研磨面に７０度の入射角度で１５ｋＶの加速電圧の電子線を１ｎＡの照射電流で、前記表面研磨面の測定範囲内に存在する立方晶結晶格子を有する結晶粒個々に照射し、電子後方散乱回折像装置を用いて、３０×５０μｍの領域を０．１μｍ／ｓｔｅｐの間隔で、前記表面研磨面の法線に対して、前記結晶粒の結晶面である{１００}面の法線がなす傾斜角を測定し、この測定結果に基づいて、前記測定傾斜角のうち、０〜４５度の範囲内にある測定傾斜角を０．２５度のピッチ毎に区分すると共に、各区分内に存在する度数を集計することにより作成した。
Further, a gradient angle distribution graph was created for each of the (Ti, Al) N layers of the above-described coated cermet tool of the present invention and the conventional coated cermet tool using a field emission scanning electron microscope.
That is, the inclination angle number distribution graph is set in a lens barrel of a field emission scanning electron microscope with the surface of the (Ti, Al) N layer as a polished surface, and 70 ° An electron beam having an acceleration voltage of 15 kV at an incident angle is irradiated at an irradiation current of 1 nA to each crystal grain having a cubic crystal lattice existing within the measurement range of the surface polished surface, and an electron backscatter diffraction image apparatus is used. , Measuring the inclination angle formed by the normal of the {100} plane, which is the crystal plane of the crystal grain, with respect to the normal of the polished surface at an interval of 0.1 μm / step in a 30 × 50 μm region, Based on the measurement results, the measurement inclination angles within the range of 0 to 45 degrees out of the measurement inclination angles are divided for each pitch of 0.25 degrees, and the frequencies existing in each division are tabulated. Created by.
この結果得られた各種の（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層の傾斜角度数分布グラフにおいて、本発明被覆サーメット工具の（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層は、表３、表７、および表８にそれぞれ示される通り、いずれも{１００}面の測定傾斜角の分布が１０〜２０度の範囲内およびの３０〜４０度の範囲内の傾斜角区分にそれぞれピークが現れる傾斜角度数分布グラフを示すのに対して、従来被覆サーメット工具の（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層は、表４、表７、および表８にそれぞれ示される通り、いずれも{１００}面の測定傾斜角の分布が０〜４５度の範囲内で不偏的で、ピークが存在しない傾斜角度数分布グラフを示すものであった。
また表３、表４、表７、および表８には、上記の本発明被覆サーメット工具および従来被覆サーメット工具の（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層の傾斜角度数分布グラフにおいて、１０〜２０度の範囲内およびの３０〜４０度の範囲内の傾斜角区分にそれぞれ存在する傾斜角度数、並びに前記両傾斜角区分の合計傾斜角度数をグラフ全体の傾斜角度数に占める割合で示した。
なお、図２は、本発明被覆チップ４の（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層の傾斜角度数分布グラフ、図３は、従来被覆チップ１の（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層の傾斜角度数分布グラフをそれぞれ示すものである。
In the inclination angle number distribution graphs of the various (Ti, Al) N layers obtained as a result, the (Ti, Al) N layers of the coated cermet tool of the present invention are shown in Table 3, Table 7, and Table 8, respectively. In contrast, the measured inclination angle distribution of the {100} plane shows an inclination angle number distribution graph in which peaks appear in inclination angle sections in the range of 10 to 20 degrees and in the range of 30 to 40 degrees, respectively. The (Ti, Al) N layer of the conventional coated cermet tool has a measured inclination angle distribution on the {100} plane in the range of 0 to 45 degrees as shown in Table 4, Table 7, and Table 8, respectively. In particular, the graph shows an inclination angle distribution graph that is unbiased and does not have a peak.
Table 3, Table 4, Table 7, and Table 8 show a range of 10 to 20 degrees in the gradient angle distribution graph of the (Ti, Al) N layer of the above-described coated cermet tool of the present invention and the conventional coated cermet tool. The number of inclination angles existing in each of the inclination angle sections in the range of 30 to 40 degrees and the total inclination angle number of both inclination angle sections are shown as a ratio to the inclination angle number of the entire graph.
2 shows a tilt angle number distribution graph of the (Ti, Al) N layer of the coated chip 4 of the present invention, and FIG. 3 shows a tilt angle number distribution graph of the (Ti, Al) N layer of the conventional coated chip 1. It is shown.
表３〜８に示される結果から、本発明被覆サーメット工具は、いずれも硬質被覆層を構成する（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層の{１００}面が傾斜角度数分布グラフで１０〜２０度および３０〜４０度のそれぞれの範囲内の傾斜角区分にピークが現れ、かつ前記両傾斜角区分に存在する合計度数が、傾斜角度数分布グラフにおける度数全体の５０〜７５％の割合を占め、強い機械的衝撃が繰り返し付加される断続重切削加工で、すぐれた耐チッピング性を示すのに対して、硬質被覆層が、{１００}面の測定傾斜角の分布が０〜４５度の範囲内で不偏的で、ピークが存在しない傾斜角度数分布グラフを示す（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ層で構成された従来被覆サーメット工具においては、前記硬質被覆層の高温強度不足が原因で、チッピングが発生し、比較的短時間で使用寿命に至ることが明らかである。 From the results shown in Tables 3 to 8, in the coated cermet tool of the present invention, the {100} plane of the (Ti, Al) N layer constituting the hard coating layer is 10 to 20 degrees and 30 in the inclination angle number distribution graph. A peak appears in each tilt angle segment within a range of ˜40 degrees, and the total frequency existing in both tilt angle segments accounts for 50 to 75% of the total frequency in the tilt angle frequency distribution graph, and is a strong machine Shows excellent chipping resistance in intermittent heavy cutting with repeated mechanical impacts, whereas hard coating layer is unbiased when the distribution of measured inclination angles on the {100} plane is within the range of 0 to 45 degrees. In a conventional coated cermet tool composed of a (Ti, Al) N layer showing an inclination angle number distribution graph in which no peak exists, chipping occurs due to insufficient high-temperature strength of the hard coating layer. Use in a short time It is clear that the service life is reached.
上述のように、この発明の被覆サーメット工具は、各種鋼や鋳鉄などの通常の条件での連続切削や断続切削は勿論のこと、特に高い高温強度が要求される断続重切削加工でもすぐれた耐チッピング性を示し、長期に亘ってすぐれた切削性能を発揮するものであるから、切削加工の省力化および省エネ化、さらに低コスト化に十分満足に対応できるものである。 As described above, the coated cermet tool according to the present invention has excellent resistance to not only continuous cutting and interrupted cutting under normal conditions such as various steels and cast iron, but also interrupted heavy cutting that requires particularly high high-temperature strength. Since it exhibits chipping properties and exhibits excellent cutting performance over a long period of time, it can satisfactorily cope with labor saving and energy saving of cutting work and further cost reduction.
Claims (1)
組成式：（Ｔｉ1-X ＡｌX ）Ｎ（ただし、原子比で、Ｘは０．４５〜０．７０を示す）を満足し、
かつ、電界放出型走査電子顕微鏡を用い、表面研磨面の測定範囲内に存在する立方晶結晶格子を有する結晶粒個々に電子線を照射して、前記表面研磨面の法線に対して、前記結晶粒の結晶面である{１００}面の法線がなす傾斜角を測定し、前記測定傾斜角のうち、０〜４５度の範囲内にある測定傾斜角を０．２５度のピッチ毎に区分すると共に、各区分内に存在する度数を集計してなる傾斜角度数分布グラフにおいて、１０〜２０度の範囲内および３０〜４０度の範囲内の傾斜角区分にそれぞれピークが存在すると共に、前記１０〜２０度の範囲内および３０〜４０度の範囲内に存在する合計度数が、傾斜角度数分布グラフにおける度数全体の５０〜７５％の割合を占める傾斜角度数分布グラフを示し、かつ２〜１５μｍの平均層厚を有するＴｉとＡｌの複合窒化物層、
で構成された硬質被覆層を形成してなる、硬質被覆層が断続重切削ですぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮する表面被覆サーメット製切削工具。 On the surface of the tool base composed of tungsten carbide based cemented carbide or titanium carbonitride based cermet,
Composition formula: (Ti 1-X Al X ) N (wherein X is 0.45 to 0.70 in atomic ratio) is satisfied,
And, using a field emission scanning electron microscope, irradiating an electron beam to each crystal grain having a cubic crystal lattice existing in the measurement range of the surface polished surface, the normal to the surface polished surface, The inclination angle formed by the normal line of the {100} plane, which is the crystal plane of the crystal grain, is measured, and the measurement inclination angle within the range of 0 to 45 degrees out of the measurement inclination angles is set for every 0.25 degree pitch. In the slope angle distribution graph formed by summing up the frequencies existing in each section, there are peaks in the slope angle sections in the range of 10 to 20 degrees and in the range of 30 to 40 degrees, The inclination frequency distribution graph in which the total frequency existing in the range of 10 to 20 degrees and the range of 30 to 40 degrees occupies a ratio of 50 to 75% of the entire frequency in the inclination angle frequency distribution graph, and 2 T with an average layer thickness of ˜15 μm a composite nitride layer of i and Al,
A surface-coated cermet cutting tool, which is formed by forming a hard coating layer composed of the above, and exhibits excellent chipping resistance in intermittent heavy cutting.
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