JP4211509B2 - Surface coated cermet cutting tool with excellent wear resistance due to high hard cutting layer in high speed cutting - Google Patents

Surface coated cermet cutting tool with excellent wear resistance due to high hard cutting layer in high speed cutting Download PDF

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JP4211509B2
JP4211509B2 JP2003193718A JP2003193718A JP4211509B2 JP 4211509 B2 JP4211509 B2 JP 4211509B2 JP 2003193718 A JP2003193718 A JP 2003193718A JP 2003193718 A JP2003193718 A JP 2003193718A JP 4211509 B2 JP4211509 B2 JP 4211509B2
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cermet
cutting
rotary table
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JP2005028469A (en
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孝 小山
夏樹 一宮
一樹 泉
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、硬質被覆層がすぐれた高温硬さと耐熱性を有し、したがって特に鋼や鋳鉄などの切削加工を、一段と高い熱発生を伴う高速切削条件で行なった場合に、硬質被覆層が長期に亘ってすぐれた耐摩耗性を発揮する表面被覆サーメット製切削工具(以下、被覆サーメット工具という)に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に、被覆サーメット工具には、各種の鋼や鋳鉄などの被削材の旋削加工や平削り加工にバイトの先端部に着脱自在に取り付けて用いられるスローアウエイチップ、前記被削材の穴あけ切削加工などに用いられるドリルやミニチュアドリル、さらに前記被削材の面削加工や溝加工、肩加工などに用いられるソリッドタイプのエンドミルなどがあり、また前記スローアウエイチップを着脱自在に取り付けて前記ソリッドタイプのエンドミルと同様に切削加工を行うスローアウエイエンドミル工具などが知られている。
【0003】
また、被覆サーメット工具として、炭化タングステン(以下、WCで示す)基超硬合金または炭窒化チタン(以下、TiCNで示す)基サーメットで構成されたサーメット基体の表面に、
(a)上側層として、0.5〜5μmの平均層厚を有し、かつ組成式:(Ti1- )N(ただし、原子比で、Aは0.005〜0.10を示す)を満足するTiとB(ボロン)の複合窒化物[以下、(Ti,B)Nで示す]層、
(b)下側層として、0.8〜8μmの平均層厚を有し、かつ組成式:(Al1-X TiX )(ただし、原子比で、Xは0.35〜0.60を示す)、を満足するAlとTiの複合窒化物[以下、(Al,Ti,)Nで示す]層、
以上(a)および(b)からなる硬質被覆層を物理蒸着してなる被覆サーメット工具が知られており、前記硬質被覆層においては、これを構成する前記(Ti,B)N層が相対的に含有割合の高いTiの作用で高い高温強度を有し、Bの作用で高温硬さも具備し、また前記(Al,Ti,)N層が、同じくAlの作用で高温硬さと耐熱性、Tiの作用で高温強度を有することから、前記硬質被覆層全体として高い高温強度と、高温硬さおよび耐熱性を具備することになり、したがって、前記硬質被覆層を物理蒸着してなる被覆サーメット工具は、各種の鋼や鋳鉄などの連続切削や断続切削で、切刃部にチッピング(微少欠け)などの発生なく、すぐれた耐摩耗性を発揮することも知られている。
【0004】
さらに、上記の被覆サーメット工具が、例えば図2に概略説明図で示される物理蒸着装置の1種であるアークイオンプレーティング装置に上記のサーメット基体を装入し、ヒータで装置内を、例えば500℃の温度に加熱した状態で、それぞれカソード電極(蒸発源)として並列設置された、所定組成を有するAl−Ti合金とTi−B合金のうち、まず前記Al−Ti合金とアノード電極との間に、例えば電流:100Aの条件でアーク放電を発生させ、同時に装置内に反応ガスとして窒素ガスを導入して、例えば3Paの反応雰囲気とし、一方上記サーメット基体には、例えば−100Vのバイアス電圧を印加した条件で、前記サーメット基体の表面に、硬質被覆層の下側層として上記(Al,Ti,)N層を蒸着し、ついで前記Al−Ti合金のカソード電極とアノード電極との間のアーク放電を停止し、3Paの窒素雰囲気を維持した状態で、前記Ti−B合金とアノード電極との間に120Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させ、(Ti,B)N層を硬質被覆層の上側層として蒸着形成することにより製造されることも知られている。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開2003−145306号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
近年の切削加工装置の高性能化はめざましく、一方で切削加工に対する省力化および省エネ化、さらに低コスト化の要求は強く、これに伴い、切削加工は高速化の傾向にあるが、上記の従来被覆サーメット工具においては、これを通常の切削条件で用いた場合には問題はないが、これを一段と高い発熱を伴なう高速切削条件で用いた場合には、硬質被覆層の下側層である上記(Al,Ti,)N層の具備する高温硬さおよび耐熱性が不十分であるために熱塑性変形を起し易く、このように硬質被覆層が熱塑性変形を起こすと、摩耗が偏摩耗形態をとるようになり、この結果切刃部の摩耗が促進し、比較的短時間で使用寿命に至るのが現状である。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで、本発明者等は、上述のような観点から、特に各種の鋼や鋳鉄などの高速切削加工で、硬質被覆層に熱塑性変形の発生なく、長期に亘ってすぐれた耐摩耗性を発揮する被覆サーメット工具を開発すべく、上記の従来被覆サーメット工具を構成する硬質被覆層に着目し、研究を行った結果、
(A)(a)上記の図2に示されるアークイオンプレーティング装置を用いて形成された従来被覆サーメット工具を構成する硬質被覆層のうちの(Al,Ti,)N層は、層厚全体に亘って均質な高温硬さと耐熱性、および高温強度を有するが、例えば図1(a)に概略平面図で、同(b)に概略正面図で示される構造のアークイオンプレーティング装置、すなわち装置中央部にサーメット基体装着用回転テーブルを設け、前記回転テーブルを挟んで、一方側に上記の従来(Al,Ti,)N層の形成にカソード電極(蒸発源)として用いられたAl−Ti合金に相当するAl−Ti合金、他方側に相対的にTi含有量の低いAl−Ti合金をいずれもカソード電極(蒸発源)として対向配置したアークイオンプレーティング装置を用い、この装置の前記回転テーブル上の中心軸から半径方向に所定距離離れた位置に外周部に沿って複数のサーメット基体をリング状に装着し、この状態で装置内雰囲気を窒素雰囲気として前記回転テーブルを回転させると共に、蒸着形成される硬質被覆層の層厚均一化を図る目的でサーメット基体自体も自転させながら、前記の両側のカソード電極(蒸発源)とアノード電極との間にアーク放電を発生させて、前記サーメット基体の表面に(Al,Ti,)N層を形成すると、この結果の(Al,Ti,)N層においては、回転テーブル上にリング状に配置された前記サーメット基体が上記の一方側の相対的にTi含有量の高いAl−Ti合金のカソード電極(蒸発源)に最も接近した時点で層中にAl最低含有点が形成され、また前記サーメット基体が上記の他方側の相対的にTi含有量の低いAl−Ti合金のカソード電極に最も接近した時点で層中にAl最高含有点が形成され、上記回転テーブルの回転によって層中には層厚方向にそって前記Al最低含有点とAl最高含有点が所定間隔をもって交互に繰り返し現れると共に、前記Al最低含有点から前記Al最高含有点、前記Al最高含有点から前記Al最低含有点へAlおよびTiの含有割合がそれぞれ連続的に変化する成分濃度分布構造をもつようになること。
【0008】
(b)上記(a)の繰り返し連続変化成分濃度分布構造の(Al,Ti,)N層において、例えば対向配置のカソード電極(蒸発源)のそれぞれの組成を調製すると共に、サーメット基体が装着されている回転テーブルの回転速度を制御して、
上記Al最低含有点が、組成式:(Al1-X TiX )N(ただし、原子比で、Xは0.35〜0.60を示す)、
上記Al最高含有点が、組成式:(Al1-Y TiY )N(ただし、原子比で、Yは0.05〜0.30を示す)、
をそれぞれ満足し、かつ隣り合う上記Al最低含有点とAl最高含有点の厚さ方向の間隔を0.01〜0.1μmとすると、
上記Al最高含有点部分では、上記の従来(Al,Ti,)N層に比してAl含有量が相対的に高くなることから、より一段とすぐれた高温硬さと耐熱性を有し、一方上記Al最低含有点部分は、上記従来(Al,Ti,)N層と同等の組成、すなわち前記Al最高含有点部分に比して相対的にAl含有量が低く、Ti含有量の高い組成をもつので、相対的に高い高温強度を保持し、かつこれらAl最低含有点とAl最高含有点の間隔をきわめて小さくしたことから、層全体の特性として高温強度を保持した状態で、一段とすぐれた高温硬さと耐熱性を有するようになり、この結果耐熱塑性変形性の一段の向上が図られるようになること。
【0009】
(B)さらに、上記(a)および(b)の繰り返し連続変化成分濃度分布構造の(Al,Ti,)N層を0.8〜8μmの平均層厚で下側層として蒸着形成し、これに重ねて、上記の通り従来硬質被覆層の上側層として用いられている高い高温強度を有する上記の(Ti,B)N層を0.5〜5μmの平均層厚で蒸着形成すると、この結果の硬質被覆層では、下側層である上記繰り返し連続変化成分濃度分布構造の(Al,Ti,)N層が上記従来(Al,Ti,)N層に比して一段とすぐれた高温硬さと耐熱性を有し、この結果耐熱塑性変形性が一段と向上したものになることから、前記上側層である(Ti,B)N層の有するすぐれた高温強度と相俟って、かかる硬質被覆層を形成してなる被覆サーメット工具は、各種の鋼や鋳鉄などの切削に際して、一段と高い発熱を伴なう高速切削に用いた場合にも、前記硬質被覆層に摩耗促進の原因となる偏摩耗の発生が防止され、すぐれた耐摩耗性を長期に亘って発揮するようになること。
以上(A)および(B)に示される研究結果を得たのである。
【0010】
この発明は、上記の研究結果に基づいてなされたものであって、サーメット基体の表面に、装置中央部に前記サーメット基体装着用回転テーブルを設けたアークイオンプレーティング装置を用い、
(a)下側層として、上記回転テーブルを挟んで、上記アークイオンプレーティング装置のカソード電極(蒸発源)を両側に対向配置し、一方側のカソード電極(蒸発源)としてAl最高含有点形成用Al−Ti合金、他方側のカソード電極(蒸発源)としてAl最低含有点形成用Al−Ti合金をそれぞれ配置し、前記回転テーブル上の中心軸から半径方向に所定距離離れた位置にテーブルの外周部に沿って複数の上記サーメット基体をリング状に装着し、この状態で装置内雰囲気を窒素雰囲気として前記回転テーブルを回転させると共に、前記サーメット基体自体も自転させながら、前記の両側のカソード電極(蒸発源)とアノード電極との間にアーク放電を発生させて
層厚方向にそって、Al最高含有点とAl最低含有点とが所定間隔をおいて交互に繰り返し存在し、かつ前記Al最高含有点から前記Al最低含有点、前記Al最低含有点から前記Al最高含有点へAlおよびTiの含有割合がそれぞれ連続的に変化する成分濃度分布構造を有し、
さらに、上記Al最低含有点が、組成式:(Al1- Ti)N(ただし、原子比で、Xは0.35〜0.60を示す)、
上記Al最高含有点が、組成式:(Al1- Ti)N(ただし、原子比で、Yは0.05〜0.30を示す)、
をそれぞれ満足し、かつ隣り合う上記Al最低含有点とAl最高含有点の間隔が、0.01〜0.1μmであり、平均層厚が0.8〜8μmである(Al,Ti)N層、
(b)上側層として、装置内雰囲気を窒素雰囲気として上記回転テーブルを回転させると共に、前記回転テーブル上に同じくリング状に装着した上記サーメット基体自体も自転させながら、前記回転テーブルに面して、上記アークイオンプレーティング装置のカソード電極(蒸発源)として配置したTi−B合金とアノード電極との間にアーク放電を発生させて、前記回転テーブル上の前記サーメット基体表面に蒸着形成した上記下側層に重ねて蒸着してなり、かつ
組成式:(Ti1- )N(ただし、原子比で、Aは0.005〜0.10を示す)、
を満足し、平均層厚が0.5〜5μmである(Ti,B)N層、
以上(a)および(b)からなる硬質被覆層を蒸着形成してなる、高速切削加工で硬質被覆層がすぐれた耐摩耗性を発揮する被覆サーメット工具に特徴を有するものである。
【0011】
つぎに、この発明の被覆サーメット工具において、これを構成する硬質被覆層の構成を上記の通りに限定した理由を説明する。
(a)下側層におけるAl最高含有点の組成
Al最高含有点の(Al,Ti,)NにおけるAl成分には高温硬さと耐熱性を向上させ、一方同Ti成分には、高温強度を向上させる作用があるので、前記Al最高含有点では相対的にTi含有量を低くし、Al含有量を高くして、相対的に高温硬さと耐熱性を向上させて、高速切削で発生する高熱にも塑性変形しないすぐれた高温硬さと耐熱性を具備せしめ、熱塑性変形が原因の偏摩耗を防止するようにしたものであるが、Tiの割合を示すY値がAlとの合量に占める割合(原子比、以下同じ)で0.05未満になると、相対的にAlの割合が多くなり過ぎて、相対的に高い高温強度を有するAl最低含有点が隣接して存在しても層自体の高温強度の低下は避けられず、この結果切刃部にチッピングなどが発生し易くなり、一方Tiの割合を示すY値が同0.30を越えると、相対的にAlの割合が少なくなり過ぎて、高速切削で熱塑性変形の発生を抑制するに足る十分な高温硬さと耐熱性を確保することができなくなることから、Y値を0.05〜0.30と定めた。
【0012】
(b)下側層におけるAl最低含有点の組成
上記の通りAl最高含有点は高温硬さと耐熱性のすぐれたものであるが、反面高温強度の劣るものであるため、このAl最高含有点の高温強度不足を補う目的で、上記の従来(Al,Ti,)N層と同等の組成、すなわち相対的にTi含有割合が高く、一方Al含有量が低く、これによって相対的に高い高温強度を有するようになるAl最低含有点を厚さ方向に交互に介在させるものであり、したがってTiの割合を示すX値がAlとの合量に占める割合で0.35未満では、所望の高温強度を確保することができず、この場合切刃部にチッピングの発生が避けられず、一方同X値が0.60を越えると、Alに対するTiの割合が多くなり過ぎて、Al最低含有点の高温硬さと耐熱性が不十分となり、熱塑性変形発生の原因となることから、Al最低含有点でのTiの割合を示すX値を0.35〜0.60と定めた。
【0013】
(c)下側層におけるAl最高含有点とAl最低含有点間の間隔
その間隔が0.01μm未満ではそれぞれの点を上記の組成で明確に形成することが困難であり、この結果下側層に一段とすぐれた高温硬さと耐熱性、さらに高温強度を確保することができなくなり、またその間隔が0.1μmを越えるとそれぞれの点がもつ欠点、すなわちAl最高含有点であれば高温強度不足、Al最低含有点であれば高温硬さおよび耐熱性不足が層内に局部的に現れ、これが原因で切刃にチッピングが発生し易くなったり、熱塑性変形が原因の偏摩耗が発生し易くなることから、その間隔を0.01〜0.1μmと定めた。
【0014】
(d)下側層の平均層厚
その平均層厚が0.8μm未満では、硬質被覆層に上記下側層のもつすぐれた高温硬さと耐熱性を十分に付与せしめることができず、この結果切刃部に摩耗促進の原因となる偏摩耗が発生し易くなり、またその平均層厚が8μmを越えると、切刃部にチッピングが発生し易くなることから、その平均層厚を0.8〜8μmと定めた。
【0015】
(e)上側層の組成
上側層である(Ti,B)N層は、Bの作用で高温硬さを有するほか、相対的に含有割合の高いTiの作用で層自体はすぐれた高温強度を有するようになり、この結果硬質被覆層は、上記の通り下側層のもつ熱塑性変形を起こさないすぐれた高温硬さと耐熱性、さらに上側層である(Ti,B)N層のもつすぐれた高温強度の共存によって、高発熱を伴なう高速切削で、切刃部にチッピングの発生なく、かつ摩耗促進の原因となる熱塑性変形の発生なく、すぐれた耐摩耗性を長期に亘って発揮するようになるものであるが、Bの割合を示すA値がTiとの合量に占める割合で0.005未満では、所望の高温硬さを確保することができず、この結果上側層である(Ti,B)N層の高温硬さ不足が原因で硬質被覆層に熱塑性変形が発生し易くなり、一方Bの割合を示すA値が同0.10を越えると、相対的にTiの割合が少なくなり過ぎて、高温強度が低下し、切刃部にチッピングが発生し易くなることから、A値を0.005〜0.10と定めた。
【0016】
(f)上側層の平均層厚
その平均層厚が0.5μm未満では、上側層のもつ上記特性を十分に発揮させることができず、一方その平均層厚が5μmを越えると、硬質被覆層に熱塑性変形が発生し易くなり、摩耗促進の原因となることから、その平均層厚を0.5〜5μmと定めた。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
つぎに、この発明の被覆サーメット工具を実施例により具体的に説明する。
(実施例1)
原料粉末として、いずれも1〜3μmの平均粒径を有するWC粉末、TiC粉末、ZrC粉末、VC粉末、TaC粉末、NbC粉末、Cr3 2 粉末、TiN粉末、TaN粉末、およびCo粉末を用意し、これら原料粉末を、表1に示される配合組成に配合し、ボールミルで72時間湿式混合し、乾燥した後、100MPa の圧力で圧粉体にプレス成形し、この圧粉体を6Paの真空中、温度:1400℃に1時間保持の条件で焼結し、焼結後、切刃部分にR:0.03のホーニング加工を施してISO規格・CNMG120408のチップ形状をもったWC基超硬合金製のサーメット基体A−1〜A−10を形成した。
【0018】
また、原料粉末として、いずれも0.5〜2μmの平均粒径を有するTiCN(重量比でTiC/TiN=50/50)粉末、Mo2 C粉末、ZrC粉末、NbC粉末、TaC粉末、WC粉末、Co粉末、およびNi粉末を用意し、これら原料粉末を、表2に示される配合組成に配合し、ボールミルで24時間湿式混合し、乾燥した後、100MPaの圧力で圧粉体にプレス成形し、この圧粉体を2kPaの窒素雰囲気中、温度:1500℃に1時間保持の条件で焼結し、焼結後、切刃部分にR:0.03のホーニング加工を施してISO規格・CNMG120408のチップ形状をもったTiCN系サーメット製のサーメット基体B−1〜B−6を形成した。
【0019】
ついで、上記のサーメット基体A−1〜A−10およびB−1〜B−6のそれぞれを、アセトン中で超音波洗浄し、乾燥した状態で、図1に示されるアークイオンプレーティング装置内の回転テーブル上の中心軸から半径方向に所定距離離れた位置に外周部にそって装着し、硬質被覆層の下側層形成に、一方側のカソード電極(蒸発源)として、種々の成分組成をもったAl最高含有点形成用Al−Ti合金、他方側のカソード電極(蒸発源)として、種々の成分組成をもったAl最低含有点形成用Al−Ti合金を前記回転テーブルを挟んで対向配置し、さらに同じくカソード電極として種々の成分組成をもった上側層形成用Ti−B合金およびボンバード洗浄用金属Tiも装着し、まず装置内を排気して0.5Paの真空に保持しながら、ヒーターで装置内を500℃に加熱した後、前記回転テーブル上で自転しながら回転するサーメット基体に−1000Vの直流バイアス電圧を印加し、かつカソード電極の前記金属Tiとアノード電極との間に100Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させ、もってサーメット基体表面をTiボンバード洗浄し、ついで装置内に反応ガスとして窒素ガスを導入して3Paの反応雰囲気とすると共に、前記回転テーブル上で自転しながら回転するサーメット基体に−100Vの直流バイアス電圧を印加し、かつそれぞれのカソード電極(前記Al最高含有点形成用Al−Ti合金およびAl最低含有点形成用Al−Ti合金)とアノード電極との間に100Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させ、もって前記サーメット基体の表面に、層厚方向に沿って表3,4に示される目標組成のAl最高含有点とAl最低含有点とが交互に同じく表3,4に示される目標間隔で繰り返し存在し、かつ前記Al最低含有点から前記Al最高含有点、前記Al最高含有点から前記Al最低含有点へAlおよびTiの含有割合が連続的に変化する成分濃度分布構造を有し、かつ同じく表3,4に示される目標層厚の(Al,Ti)N層を硬質被覆層の下側層として蒸着形成し、ついで上記のAl最高含有点形成用Al−Ti合金およびAl最低含有点形成用Al−Ti合金のカソード電極とアノード電極との間のアーク放電を停止し、3Paの窒素雰囲気を維持した状態で、前記Ti−B合金とアノード電極との間に100Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させ、同じく表3,4に示される目標組成および目標層厚の(Ti,B)N層を硬質被覆層の上側層として蒸着することにより、本発明被覆サーメット工具としての本発明表面被覆サーメット製スローアウエイチップ(以下、本発明被覆チップと云う)1〜16をそれぞれ製造した。
【0020】
また、比較の目的で、これらサーメット基体A−1〜A−10およびB−1〜B−6を、アセトン中で超音波洗浄し、乾燥した状態で、それぞれ図1に示されるアークイオンプレーティング装置に装入し、カソード電極(蒸発源)として種々の成分組成をもったAl−Ti合金(一方側のみ)を装着し、さらに同じくカソード電極として種々の成分組成をもった上側層形成用Ti−B合金およびボンバード洗浄用金属Tiも装着し、まず、装置内を排気して0.5Paの真空に保持しながら、ヒーターで装置内を500℃に加熱した後、前記サーメット基体に−1000Vの直流バイアス電圧を印加し、かつカソード電極の前記金属Tiとアノード電極との間に100Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させ、もってサーメット基体表面をTiボンバード洗浄し、ついで装置内に反応ガスとして窒素ガスを導入して3Paの反応雰囲気とすると共に、回転テーブル上で自転しながら回転する前記サーメット基体に−100Vの直流バイアス電圧を印加し、かつ前記Al−Ti合金のカソード電極とアノード電極との間に100Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させ、もって前記サーメット基体A−1〜A−10およびB−1〜B−6のそれぞれの表面に、表5に示される目標組成および目標層厚を有し、かつ層厚方向に沿って実質的に組成変化のない(Al,Ti,)N層を硬質被覆層の下側層として蒸着形成し、さらに3Paの窒素雰囲気を維持した状態で、前記Ti−B合金とアノード電極との間に100Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させ、同じく表5に示される目標組成および目標層厚の(Ti,B)N層を硬質被覆層の上側層として蒸着形成することにより、比較被覆サーメット工具としての比較表面被覆サーメット製スローアウエイチップ(以下、比較被覆チップと云う)1〜16をそれぞれ製造した。
【0021】
つぎに、上記の各種の被覆チップを、いずれも工具鋼製バイトの先端部に固定治具にてネジ止めした状態で、本発明被覆チップ1〜16および比較被覆チップ1〜16について、
被削材:JIS・SCM440の丸棒、
切削速度:300m/min.、
切り込み:1.0mm、
送り:0.15mm/rev.、
切削時間:10分、
の条件での合金鋼の乾式連続高速切削加工試験(通常の切削速度は150m/min.)、
被削材:JIS・S45Cの長さ方向等間隔4本縦溝入り丸棒、
切削速度:320m/min.、
切り込み:1.5mm、
送り:0.20mm/rev.、
切削時間:12分、
の条件での炭素鋼の乾式断続高速切削加工試験(通常の切削速度は180m/min.)、
被削材:JIS・FC250の丸棒、
切削速度:350m/min.、
切り込み:2.0mm、
送り:0.3mm/rev.、
切削時間:15分、
の条件での鋳鉄の乾式連続高速切削加工試験(通常の切削速度は200m/min.)を行い、いずれの切削加工試験でも切刃の逃げ面摩耗幅を測定した。この測定結果を表6に示した。
【0022】
【表1】

Figure 0004211509
【0023】
【表2】
Figure 0004211509
【0024】
【表3】
Figure 0004211509
【0025】
【表4】
Figure 0004211509
【0026】
【表5】
Figure 0004211509
【0027】
【表6】
Figure 0004211509
【0028】
(実施例2)
原料粉末として、平均粒径:5.5μmを有する中粗粒WC粉末、同0.8μmの微粒WC粉末、同1.3μmのTaC粉末、同1.2μmのNbC粉末、同1.2μmのZrC粉末、同2.3μmのCr32粉末、同1.5μmのVC粉末、同1.0μmの(Ti,W)C(質量比で、Ti/W=50/50)粉末、および同1.8μmのCo粉末を用意し、これら原料粉末をそれぞれ表7に示される配合組成に配合し、さらにワックスを加えてアセトン中で24時間ボールミル混合し、減圧乾燥した後、100MPaの圧力で所定形状の各種の圧粉体にプレス成形し、これらの圧粉体を、6Paの真空雰囲気中、7℃/分の昇温速度で1370〜1470℃の範囲内の所定の温度に昇温し、この温度に1時間保持後、炉冷の条件で焼結して、直径が8mm、13mm、および26mmの3種のサーメット基体形成用丸棒焼結体を形成し、さらに前記の3種の丸棒焼結体から、研削加工にて、表8に示される組合せで、切刃部の直径×長さがそれぞれ6mm×13mm、10mm×22mm、および20mm×45mmの寸法、並びにいずれもねじれ角30度の4枚刃スクエア形状をもったWC基超硬合金製のサーメット基体(エンドミル)C−1〜C−8をそれぞれ製造した。
【0029】
ついで、これらのサーメット基体(エンドミル)C−1〜C−8の表面をアセトン中で超音波洗浄し、乾燥した状態で、同じく図1に示されるアークイオンプレーティング装置に装入し、上記実施例1と同一の条件で、層厚方向に沿って表9に示される目標組成のAl最高含有点とAl最低含有点とが交互に同じく表8に示される目標間隔で繰り返し存在し、かつ前記Al最低含有点から前記Al最高含有点、前記Al最高含有点から前記Al最低含有点へAlおよびTiの含有割合がそれぞれ連続的に変化する成分濃度分布構造を有し、同じく表8に示される目標層厚の(Al,Ti,)N層からなる下側層と、同じく表8に示される目標組成および目標層厚の(Ti,B)N層を硬質被覆層の上側層として蒸着形成することにより、本発明被覆サーメット工具としての本発明表面被覆サーメット製エンドミル(以下、本発明被覆エンドミルと云う)1〜8をそれぞれ製造した。
【0030】
また、比較の目的で、上記のサーメット基体(エンドミル)C−1〜C−8の表面をアセトン中で超音波洗浄し、乾燥した状態で、同じく図1に示されるアークイオンプレーティング装置に装入し、上記実施例1におけると同一の条件で、表9に示される目標組成および目標層厚を有し、かつ層厚方向に沿って実質的に組成変化のない(Al,Ti,)N層からなる下側層を蒸着形成し、さらに同じく表9に示される目標組成および目標層厚の(Ti,B)N層を硬質被覆層の上側層として蒸着形成することにより、比較被覆サーメット工具としての比較表面被覆サーメット製エンドミル(以下、比較被覆エンドミルと云う)1〜8をそれぞれ製造した。
【0031】
つぎに、上記本発明被覆エンドミル1〜8および比較被覆エンドミル1〜8のうち、本発明被覆エンドミル1〜3および比較被覆エンドミル1〜3については、
被削材:平面寸法:100mm×250mm、厚さ:50mmのJIS・S45Cの板材、
切削速度:160m/min.、
溝深さ(切り込み):1.2mm、
テーブル送り:700mm/分、
の条件での炭素鋼の乾式高速溝切削加工試験(通常の切削速度は100m/min.)、本発明被覆エンドミル4〜6および比較被覆エンドミル4〜6については、
被削材:平面寸法:100mm×250mm、厚さ:50mmのJIS・FC250の板材、
切削速度:200m/min.、
溝深さ(切り込み):2.0mm、
テーブル送り:300mm/分、
の条件での鋳鉄の乾式高速溝切削加工試験(通常の切削速度は120m/min.)、本発明被覆エンドミル7,8および比較被覆エンドミル7,8については、
被削材:平面寸法:100mm×250mm、厚さ:50mmのJIS・SCM440の板材、
切削速度:220m/min.、
溝深さ(切り込み):4.0mm、
テーブル送り:200mm/分、
の条件での合金鋼の乾式高速溝切削加工試験(通常の切削速度は100m/min.)をそれぞれ行い、いずれの溝切削加工試験でも切刃部の外周刃の逃げ面摩耗幅が使用寿命の目安とされる0.1mmに至るまでの切削溝長を測定した。この測定結果を表8,9にそれぞれ示した。
【0032】
【表7】
Figure 0004211509
【0033】
【表8】
Figure 0004211509
【0034】
【表9】
Figure 0004211509
【0035】
(実施例3)
上記の実施例2で製造した直径が8mm(サーメット基体C−1〜C−3形成用)、13mm(サーメット基体C−4〜C−6形成用)、および26mm(サーメット基体C−7、C−8形成用)の3種の丸棒焼結体を用い、この3種の丸棒焼結体から、研削加工にて、溝形成部の直径×長さがそれぞれ4mm×13mm(サーメット基体D−1〜D−3)、8mm×22mm(サーメット基体D−4〜D−6)、および16mm×45mm(サーメット基体D−7、D−8)の寸法、並びにいずれもねじれ角30度の2枚刃形状をもったWC基超硬合金製のサーメット基体(ドリル)D−1〜D−8をそれぞれ製造した。
【0036】
ついで、これらのサーメット基体(ドリル)D−1〜D−8の切刃に、ホーニングを施し、アセトン中で超音波洗浄し、乾燥した状態で、同じく図1に示されるアークイオンプレーティング装置に装入し、上記実施例1と同一の条件で、層厚方向に沿って表10に示される目標組成のAl最高含有点とAl最低含有点とが交互に同じく表10に示される目標間隔で繰り返し存在し、かつ前記Al最低含有点から前記Al最高含有点、前記Al最高含有点から前記Al最低含有点へAlおよびTiの含有割合がそれぞれ連続的に変化する成分濃度分布構造を有し、かつ同じく表10に示される目標層厚の(Al,Ti,)N層からなる下側層と、同じく表10に示される目標組成および目標層厚の(Ti,B)N層からなる上側層で構成された硬質被覆層を蒸着形成することにより、本発明被覆サーメット工具としての本発明表面被覆サーメット製ドリル(以下、本発明被覆ドリルと云う)1〜8をそれぞれ製造した。
【0037】
また、比較の目的で、上記のサーメット基体(ドリル)D−1〜D−8の表面に、ホーニングを施し、アセトン中で超音波洗浄し、乾燥した状態で、同じく図1に示されるアークイオンプレーティング装置に装入し、上記実施例1と同一の条件で、表11に示される目標組成および目標層厚を有し、かつ層厚方向に沿って実質的に組成変化のない(Al,Ti,)N層を硬質被覆層の下側層として蒸着形成し、さらに同じく表11に示される目標組成および目標層厚の(Ti,B)N層を硬質被覆層の上側層として蒸着形成することにより、比較被覆サーメット工具としての比較表面被覆サーメット製ドリル(以下、比較被覆ドリルと云う)1〜8をそれぞれ製造した。
【0038】
つぎに、上記本発明被覆ドリル1〜8および比較被覆ドリル1〜8のうち、本発明被覆ドリル1〜3および比較被覆ドリル1〜3については、
被削材:平面寸法:100mm×250、厚さ:50mmのJIS・FC250の板材、
切削速度:120m/min.、
送り:0.15mm/rev、
穴深さ:25mm、
の条件での鋳鉄の湿式高速穴あけ切削加工試験(通常の切削速度は120m/min.)、本発明被覆ドリル4〜6および比較被覆ドリル4〜6については、
被削材:平面寸法:100mm×250mm、厚さ:50mmのJIS・S45Cの板材、
切削速度:200m/min.、
送り:0.10mm/rev、
穴深さ:25mm、
の条件での炭素鋼の湿式高速穴あけ切削加工試験(通常の切削速度は100m/min.)、本発明被覆ドリル7,8および比較被覆ドリル7,8については、
被削材:平面寸法:100mm×250mm、厚さ:50mmのJIS・SCM440の板材、
切削速度:180m/min.、
送り:0.10mm/rev、
穴深さ:40mm、
の条件での合金鋼の湿式高速穴あけ切削加工試験(通常の切削速度は100m/min.)、をそれぞれ行い、いずれの湿式高速穴あけ切削加工試験(水溶性切削油使用)でも先端切刃面の逃げ面摩耗幅が0.3mmに至るまでの穴あけ加工数を測定した。この測定結果を表10,11にそれぞれ示した。
【0039】
【表10】
Figure 0004211509
【0040】
【表11】
Figure 0004211509
【0041】
この結果得られた本発明被覆サーメット工具としての本発明被覆チップ1〜16、本発明被覆エンドミル1〜8、および本発明被覆ドリル1〜8の硬質被覆層を構成する下側層におけるAl最低含有点とAl最高含有点の組成、並びに比較被覆サーメット工具としての比較被覆チップ1〜16、比較被覆エンドミル1〜8、および比較被覆ドリル1〜8の硬質被覆層の下側層について、厚さ方向に沿ってAlおよびTiの含有量をオージェ分光分析装置を用いて測定したところ、前記本発明被覆サーメット工具の硬質被覆層では、Al最低含有点とAl最高含有点とがそれぞれ目標値と実質的に同じ組成および間隔で交互に繰り返し存在し、かつ前記Al最低含有点から前記Al最高含有点、前記Al最高含有点から前記Al最低含有点へAlおよびTiの含有割合がそれぞれ連続的に変化する成分濃度分布構造を有することが確認され、一方前記比較被覆サーメット工具の硬質被覆層を構成する(Al,Ti,)N層では厚さ方向に沿って組成変化が見られなかったが、目標組成と実質的に同じ組成を示した。
また、同じく上記の硬質被覆層の上側層の組成を測定したところ、目標組成と実質的に同じ組成を示し、さらに上記の下側層および上側層の平均層厚を走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて断面測定したところ、いずれも目標層厚と実質的に同じ値を示した。
【0042】
【発明の効果】
表3〜11に示される結果から、硬質被覆層の下側層を構成する(Al,Ti,)N層が、層厚方向にAl最高含有点とAl最低含有点とが交互に所定間隔をおいて繰り返し存在し、かつ前記Al最低含有点から前記Al最高含有点、前記Al最高含有点から前記Al最低含有点へAlおよびTiの含有割合がそれぞれ連続的に変化する成分濃度分布構造を有する本発明被覆サーメット工具は、いずれも各種の鋼や鋳鉄の切削加工を高い発熱伴なう高速切削条件で行っても、前記硬質被覆層の前記下側層の成分濃度分布構造がもたらす一段とすぐれた高温硬さと耐熱性によって硬質被覆層自体が一段とすぐれた耐熱塑性変形性を示し、この結果偏摩耗の発生なく、摩耗が正常摩耗形態をとるようになることから、すぐれた耐摩耗性を長期に亘って発揮するのに対して、硬質被覆層の下側層が層厚方向に沿って実質的に組成変化のない(Al,Ti,)N層で構成された比較被覆サーメット工具においては、高速切削では前記下側層の高温硬さおよび耐熱性不足が原因で前記硬質被覆層に熱塑性変形が発生し、この結果偏摩耗形態をとり、摩耗進行が促進するようになることから、いずれも比較的短時間で使用寿命に至ることが明らかである。
上述のように、この発明の被覆サーメット工具は、特に各種の鋼や鋳鉄などの通常の切削条件は勿論のこと、高速切削加工であっても、すぐれた耐摩耗性を長期に亘って発揮するものであるから、切削加工装置の高性能化、並びに切削加工の省力化および省エネ化、さらに低コスト化に十分満足に対応できるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】被覆サーメット工具を構成する硬質被覆層を形成するのに用いたアークイオンプレーティング装置を示し、(a)は概略平面図、(b)は概略正面図である。
【図2】通常のアークイオンプレーティング装置の概略説明図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has excellent high-temperature hardness and heat resistance, so that the hard coating layer has a long-lasting effect especially when cutting of steel or cast iron is performed under high-speed cutting conditions with higher heat generation. The present invention relates to a surface-coated cermet cutting tool (hereinafter referred to as a coated cermet tool) that exhibits excellent wear resistance over a long period of time.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, for coated cermet tools, throwaway inserts that are detachably attached to the tip of a cutting tool for turning and planing of various steel and cast iron work materials, and drilling of the work material. Drills and miniature drills used in, etc., as well as solid type end mills used for chamfering, grooving, shouldering, etc. of the work material, and the solid type by attaching the throwaway tip detachably A slow-away end mill tool that performs a cutting process in the same manner as an end mill is known.
[0003]
Further, as a coated cermet tool, on the surface of a cermet base composed of tungsten carbide (hereinafter referred to as WC) based cemented carbide or titanium carbonitride (hereinafter referred to as TiCN) based cermet,
(A) As an upper layer, it has an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 5 μm, and a composition formula: (Ti1- A BA ) Ti and B (boron) composite nitride [hereinafter referred to as (Ti, B) N] layer satisfying N (wherein A represents 0.005 to 0.10 in atomic ratio),
(B) The lower layer has an average layer thickness of 0.8 to 8 μm, and a composition formula: (Al1-XTiX(However, in terms of atomic ratio, X represents 0.35 to 0.60), a composite nitride of Al and Ti [hereinafter referred to as (Al, Ti,) N] layer,
A coated cermet tool obtained by physical vapor deposition of the hard coating layer comprising the above (a) and (b) is known, and in the hard coating layer, the (Ti, B) N layer constituting this is relatively It has high high-temperature strength by the action of Ti with a high content ratio, and also has high-temperature hardness by the action of B, and the (Al, Ti,) N layer also has high-temperature hardness and heat resistance by the action of Al. Therefore, the hard coating layer as a whole has high high-temperature strength, high-temperature hardness and heat resistance. Therefore, a coated cermet tool formed by physical vapor deposition of the hard coating layer is provided. It is also known that the continuous cutting and intermittent cutting of various types of steel and cast iron exhibit excellent wear resistance without occurrence of chipping (small chipping) at the cutting edge.
[0004]
Further, the above-described coated cermet tool is used, for example, in which the above cermet substrate is loaded into an arc ion plating apparatus which is one type of physical vapor deposition apparatus schematically shown in FIG. Among the Al—Ti alloy and Ti—B alloy having a predetermined composition, which are installed in parallel as cathode electrodes (evaporation sources) in a state heated to a temperature of 1 ° C., first, between the Al—Ti alloy and the anode electrode, respectively. In addition, for example, arc discharge is generated under the condition of current: 100 A, and simultaneously nitrogen gas is introduced into the apparatus as a reaction gas to form a reaction atmosphere of, for example, 3 Pa. On the other hand, a bias voltage of, for example, −100 V is applied to the cermet substrate. Under the applied conditions, the (Al, Ti,) N layer is deposited on the surface of the cermet substrate as a lower layer of the hard coating layer, and then the Al- Stop arc discharge between the cathode electrode and anode electrode of i alloy, and generate arc discharge by flowing a current of 120 A between the Ti-B alloy and anode electrode while maintaining a nitrogen atmosphere of 3 Pa. It is also known that the (Ti, B) N layer is manufactured by vapor deposition as an upper layer of the hard coating layer.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2003-145306 A
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In recent years, the performance of cutting devices has been dramatically improved, while on the other hand, there is a strong demand for labor saving, energy saving, and cost reduction for cutting, and with this, cutting tends to be faster. In a coated cermet tool, there is no problem when it is used under normal cutting conditions, but when it is used under high-speed cutting conditions with higher heat generation, the lower layer of the hard coating layer is used. Some of the above (Al, Ti,) N layers have insufficient high-temperature hardness and heat resistance, and thus are susceptible to thermoplastic deformation. If the hard coating layer undergoes thermoplastic deformation in this way, the wear becomes uneven wear. As a result, wear of the cutting edge is promoted, and the service life is reached in a relatively short time.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of the above, the inventors of the present invention exhibit excellent wear resistance over a long period of time without the occurrence of thermoplastic deformation in the hard coating layer, particularly in high-speed cutting of various steels and cast iron. As a result of conducting research by focusing on the hard coating layer that constitutes the above conventional coated cermet tool in order to develop a coated cermet tool,
(A) (a) The (Al, Ti,) N layer of the hard coating layer constituting the conventional coated cermet tool formed using the arc ion plating apparatus shown in FIG. An arc ion plating apparatus having a structure shown in FIG. 1A in a schematic plan view and in FIG. 1B in a schematic front view, A cermet substrate mounting rotary table is provided at the center of the apparatus, and the Al-Ti used as a cathode electrode (evaporation source) for forming the above-described conventional (Al, Ti,) N layer on one side with the rotary table interposed therebetween. An arc ion plating apparatus in which an Al—Ti alloy corresponding to an alloy and an Al—Ti alloy having a relatively low Ti content on the other side are arranged opposite to each other as a cathode electrode (evaporation source) is used. A plurality of cermet bases are mounted in a ring shape along the outer periphery at a predetermined distance in the radial direction from the central axis on the rotary table of the apparatus, and the rotary table is rotated with the atmosphere in the apparatus as a nitrogen atmosphere in this state. And arc discharge between the cathode electrode (evaporation source) and the anode electrode on both sides while rotating the cermet substrate itself for the purpose of uniforming the thickness of the hard coating layer formed by vapor deposition. When the (Al, Ti,) N layer is formed on the surface of the cermet substrate, the cermet substrate arranged in a ring shape on the rotary table is the above-mentioned (Al, Ti,) N layer. The lowest Al content point is formed in the layer at the point closest to the cathode electrode (evaporation source) of the Al-Ti alloy having a relatively high Ti content on the side, and the cermet When the body is closest to the cathode electrode of the Al-Ti alloy having a relatively low Ti content on the other side, the highest Al content point is formed in the layer. The Al minimum content point and the Al maximum content point appear alternately with a predetermined interval along the thickness direction, and from the Al minimum content point to the Al maximum content point, from the Al maximum content point to the Al minimum content point And have a component concentration distribution structure in which the Ti content rate changes continuously.
[0008]
(B) In the (Al, Ti,) N layer of the repeated continuous change component concentration distribution structure of (a) above, for example, the respective compositions of the cathode electrode (evaporation source) arranged opposite to each other are prepared, and a cermet substrate is mounted. Control the rotation speed of the rotating table
The Al minimum content point is the composition formula: (Al1-XTiX) N (however, in atomic ratio, X represents 0.35 to 0.60),
The Al maximum content point is the composition formula: (Al1-YTiY) N (however, in atomic ratio, Y represents 0.05 to 0.30),
And the distance between the adjacent Al minimum content point and Al maximum content point adjacent to each other in the thickness direction is 0.01 to 0.1 μm,
In the Al highest content point portion, since the Al content is relatively higher than the conventional (Al, Ti,) N layer, it has better high-temperature hardness and heat resistance, The Al minimum content point portion has the same composition as that of the conventional (Al, Ti,) N layer, that is, the Al content is relatively lower than that of the Al maximum content point portion, and the composition has a high Ti content. Therefore, the relatively high high-temperature strength is maintained, and the distance between the Al minimum content point and the Al maximum content point is made extremely small. Heat resistance, and as a result, the heat resistance plastic deformability can be further improved.
[0009]
(B) Further, the (Al, Ti,) N layer having the repeated continuous change component concentration distribution structure of the above (a) and (b) is vapor-deposited as a lower layer with an average layer thickness of 0.8 to 8 μm. When the above (Ti, B) N layer having a high high-temperature strength, which is conventionally used as the upper layer of the hard coating layer as described above, is deposited with an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 5 μm, this result is obtained. In this hard coating layer, the lower layer (Al, Ti,) N layer having the above repeated continuous change component concentration distribution structure is superior to the conventional (Al, Ti,) N layer in high temperature hardness and heat resistance. As a result, the heat-resistant plastic deformability is further improved, and in combination with the excellent high-temperature strength of the (Ti, B) N layer as the upper layer, such a hard coating layer is formed. The formed coated cermet tool is used to cut various types of steel and cast iron. Even when used for high-speed cutting with higher heat generation during cutting, the hard coating layer is prevented from causing uneven wear that causes accelerated wear and exhibits excellent wear resistance over a long period of time. To be like that.
The research results shown in (A) and (B) above were obtained.
[0010]
  This invention was made based on the above research results, and on the surface of the cermet substrate,Using an arc ion plating apparatus provided with a rotating table for mounting the cermet substrate in the center of the apparatus,
(A) As a lower layer,The cathode electrode (evaporation source) of the arc ion plating apparatus is disposed opposite to the both sides of the rotary table, and the Al-Ti alloy for forming the highest Al content point as the cathode electrode (evaporation source) on one side, the other side Al-Ti alloys for forming the lowest Al content point are respectively arranged as cathode electrodes (evaporation sources) of the above, and a plurality of the above-mentioned components are arranged along the outer periphery of the table at a position spaced apart from the central axis on the rotary table by a predetermined distance in the radial direction. A cermet base is mounted in a ring shape, and in this state, the rotary table is rotated with the atmosphere inside the apparatus being a nitrogen atmosphere, and the cathode electrode (evaporation source) and anode electrodes on both sides are rotated while the cermet base itself is rotated. Arc discharge is generated during,
  Along the layer thickness direction, the Al highest content point and the Al lowest content point are alternately present at predetermined intervals, and the Al highest content point to the Al lowest content point, the Al lowest content point to the Al It has a component concentration distribution structure in which the content ratios of Al and Ti continuously change to the highest content point,
  Further, the Al minimum content point is the composition formula: (Al1- XTiX) N (however, in atomic ratio, X represents 0.35 to 0.60),
  The Al maximum content point is the composition formula: (Al1- YTiY) N (however, in atomic ratio, Y represents 0.05 to 0.30),
(Al, Ti) N layer in which the distance between the Al minimum content point and the Al maximum content point adjacent to each other is 0.01 to 0.1 μm and the average layer thickness is 0.8 to 8 μm ,
(B) As an upper layer,While rotating the rotary table with the atmosphere inside the apparatus as a nitrogen atmosphere and rotating the cermet substrate itself mounted in the same ring shape on the rotary table, facing the rotary table, the arc ion plating apparatus An arc discharge is generated between the Ti-B alloy arranged as the cathode electrode (evaporation source) and the anode electrode, and deposited on the lower layer deposited on the surface of the cermet substrate on the rotary table. And,
  Composition formula: (Ti1- ABA) N (however, in atomic ratio, A represents 0.005 to 0.10),
(Ti, B) N layer having an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 5 μm,
The present invention is characterized by a coated cermet tool which is formed by vapor-depositing a hard coating layer comprising the above (a) and (b) and exhibits excellent wear resistance in a high-speed cutting process.
[0011]
Next, in the coated cermet tool of the present invention, the reason why the configuration of the hard coating layer constituting the tool is limited as described above will be described.
(A) Composition of Al highest content point in lower layer
The Al component in (Al, Ti,) N with the highest Al content point improves the high temperature hardness and heat resistance, while the Ti component has the effect of improving the high temperature strength. In particular, the Ti content is lowered, the Al content is increased, the high temperature hardness and heat resistance are relatively improved, and the high temperature hardness and heat resistance that do not plastically deform even the high heat generated by high speed cutting are provided. It is intended to prevent uneven wear caused by thermoplastic deformation, but when the Y value indicating the proportion of Ti is less than 0.05 in terms of the total amount with Al (atomic ratio, the same shall apply hereinafter) However, even if the proportion of Al is excessively large and the Al minimum content point having a relatively high high-temperature strength is present adjacent to each other, a decrease in the high-temperature strength of the layer itself is unavoidable. Chipping easily occurs, while Ti If the Y value indicating the ratio exceeds 0.30, the proportion of Al becomes relatively small, and sufficient high-temperature hardness and heat resistance sufficient to suppress the occurrence of thermoplastic deformation at high speed cutting can be ensured. The Y value was determined to be 0.05 to 0.30 because it was not possible.
[0012]
(B) Composition of the lowest Al content point in the lower layer
As described above, the Al highest content point is excellent in high temperature hardness and heat resistance, but on the other hand, it is inferior in high temperature strength. Therefore, the above conventional (Al , Ti,) The composition equivalent to that of the N layer, that is, the Ti content ratio is relatively high, while the Al content is low, and thereby the Al minimum content point that has a relatively high high-temperature strength in the thickness direction. Therefore, if the X value indicating the proportion of Ti is less than 0.35 in the total amount with Al, the desired high-temperature strength cannot be secured, and in this case, the cutting edge portion On the other hand, if the occurrence of chipping is unavoidable, while the X value exceeds 0.60, the ratio of Ti to Al increases too much, resulting in insufficient high-temperature hardness and heat resistance at the Al minimum content point, and occurrence of thermoplastic deformation. Because it causes The X value indicating the ratio of Ti in the Al lowest containing point was defined as 0.35 to 0.60.
[0013]
(C) Interval between the highest Al content point and the lowest Al content point in the lower layer
If the distance is less than 0.01 μm, it is difficult to clearly form each point with the above composition, and as a result, it is possible to secure higher temperature hardness, heat resistance, and high temperature strength in the lower layer. When the distance exceeds 0.1 μm, each point has defects, that is, high-temperature strength is insufficient at the highest Al content point, and high-temperature hardness and insufficient heat resistance are localized within the layer at the Al lowest content point. Therefore, the chipping is likely to occur on the cutting edge, and uneven wear due to thermoplastic deformation is likely to occur. Therefore, the interval is set to 0.01 to 0.1 μm.
[0014]
(D) Average thickness of the lower layer
If the average layer thickness is less than 0.8 μm, the hard coating layer cannot sufficiently impart the excellent high temperature hardness and heat resistance of the lower layer, and as a result, it promotes wear on the cutting edge. Uneven wear is likely to occur, and if the average layer thickness exceeds 8 μm, chipping tends to occur at the cutting edge, so the average layer thickness was set to 0.8 to 8 μm.
[0015]
(E) Composition of upper layer
The (Ti, B) N layer, which is the upper layer, has high temperature hardness by the action of B, and the layer itself has excellent high temperature strength by the action of Ti having a relatively high content ratio. The hard coating layer has high heat generation due to the coexistence of excellent high-temperature hardness and heat resistance that does not cause thermoplastic deformation of the lower layer as described above, and excellent high-temperature strength of the (Ti, B) N layer that is the upper layer. With high-speed cutting with high-speed cutting, there is no occurrence of chipping at the cutting edge, and there is no occurrence of thermoplastic deformation that causes wear acceleration. If the A value indicating the ratio of B is less than 0.005 in the total amount with Ti, the desired high-temperature hardness cannot be ensured, and as a result, the upper layer (Ti, B) N layer Thermoplastic deformation is likely to occur in the hard coating layer due to insufficient high-temperature hardness On the other hand, if the A value indicating the ratio of B exceeds 0.10, the ratio of Ti is relatively decreased, the high-temperature strength is reduced, and chipping is likely to occur at the cutting edge part. The A value was determined to be 0.005 to 0.10.
[0016]
(F) Average layer thickness of the upper layer
If the average layer thickness is less than 0.5 μm, the above-mentioned properties of the upper layer cannot be sufficiently exhibited. On the other hand, if the average layer thickness exceeds 5 μm, thermoplastic deformation tends to occur in the hard coating layer, The average layer thickness is determined to be 0.5 to 5 μm because it causes wear acceleration.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, the coated cermet tool of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
(Example 1)
As raw material powders, WC powder, TiC powder, ZrC powder, VC powder, TaC powder, NbC powder, Cr, all having an average particle diameter of 1 to 3 μm.ThreeC2Powder, TiN powder, TaN powder, and Co powder are prepared. These raw material powders are blended in the blending composition shown in Table 1, wet-mixed by a ball mill for 72 hours, dried, and then compacted at a pressure of 100 MPa. The green compact was sintered in a vacuum of 6 Pa at a temperature of 1400 ° C. for 1 hour. After sintering, the cutting edge portion was subjected to a honing process of R: 0.03 and ISO Cermet substrates A-1 to A-10 made of a WC-base cemented carbide having a standard / CNMG120408 chip shape were formed.
[0018]
In addition, as raw material powder, TiCN (TiC / TiN = 50/50 by weight) powder having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 2 μm, Mo2C powder, ZrC powder, NbC powder, TaC powder, WC powder, Co powder, and Ni powder are prepared. These raw material powders are blended in the blending composition shown in Table 2, and are wet-mixed for 24 hours in a ball mill and dried. After that, the green compact was press-molded into a green compact at a pressure of 100 MPa, and this green compact was sintered in a nitrogen atmosphere of 2 kPa at a temperature of 1500 ° C. for 1 hour. : A honing process of 0.03 was performed to form cermet bases B-1 to B-6 made of TiCN cermet having a chip shape of ISO standard / CNMG120408.
[0019]
Next, each of the cermet substrates A-1 to A-10 and B-1 to B-6 is ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and dried, and then in the arc ion plating apparatus shown in FIG. Attached along the outer circumference at a predetermined distance in the radial direction from the central axis on the rotary table, various component compositions are used as the cathode electrode (evaporation source) on one side to form the lower layer of the hard coating layer. Al-Ti alloy for forming the highest Al content point, and Al-Ti alloy for forming the lowest Al content point having various components as the cathode electrode (evaporation source) on the other side, facing each other across the rotary table In addition, the upper layer forming Ti—B alloy and the bombarding cleaning metal Ti having various component compositions are also mounted as cathode electrodes, and the apparatus is first evacuated and maintained at a vacuum of 0.5 Pa. After heating the inside of the apparatus to 500 ° C. with a heater, a DC bias voltage of −1000 V is applied to the cermet substrate that rotates while rotating on the rotary table, and 100 A is applied between the metal Ti and the anode electrode of the cathode electrode. Current is caused to flow and arc discharge is generated, so that the surface of the cermet substrate is cleaned by Ti bombardment, and then nitrogen gas is introduced into the apparatus as a reaction gas to form a reaction atmosphere of 3 Pa, while rotating on the rotary table. A DC bias voltage of −100 V is applied to the rotating cermet substrate, and between each cathode electrode (the Al—Ti alloy for forming the highest Al content point and the Al—Ti alloy for forming the lowest Al content point) and the anode electrode A current of 100 A is applied to the arc to generate an arc discharge, so that the surface of the cermet substrate has a thickness direction. The Al highest content point and the Al lowest content point of the target composition shown in Tables 3 and 4 are alternately present at the target intervals shown in Tables 3 and 4 alternately, and from the Al lowest content point to the Al It has a component concentration distribution structure in which the content ratio of Al and Ti continuously changes from the highest content point, the highest Al content point to the lowest Al content point, and the target layer thickness ( An Al, Ti) N layer is deposited as a lower layer of the hard coating layer, and then the Al-Ti alloy for forming the highest Al content point and the Al-Ti alloy for forming the lowest Al content point are formed as a cathode electrode and an anode electrode. The arc discharge was stopped, and a current of 100 A was passed between the Ti-B alloy and the anode electrode while maintaining a nitrogen atmosphere of 3 Pa. Target composition And a (Ti, B) N layer having a target layer thickness is vapor-deposited as an upper layer of the hard coating layer, whereby the surface coated cermet throwaway tip (hereinafter referred to as the present invention coated tip) as the present coated cermet tool. ) 1-16 were produced.
[0020]
For the purpose of comparison, these cermet substrates A-1 to A-10 and B-1 to B-6 were ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and dried, respectively, and the arc ion plating shown in FIG. The upper layer forming Ti having various component compositions as the cathode electrode was mounted in the apparatus and mounted with Al-Ti alloys (only one side) having various component compositions as the cathode electrode (evaporation source). -B alloy and bombard cleaning metal Ti were also mounted. First, the inside of the apparatus was heated to 500 ° C. with a heater while evacuating the inside of the apparatus and maintaining a vacuum of 0.5 Pa, and then −1000 V on the cermet substrate. A DC bias voltage is applied, and a current of 100 A is passed between the metal Ti of the cathode electrode and the anode electrode to generate an arc discharge. After bombard cleaning, nitrogen gas is introduced into the apparatus as a reaction gas to make a reaction atmosphere of 3 Pa, a DC bias voltage of −100 V is applied to the cermet substrate rotating while rotating on a rotary table, and An arc discharge is generated by passing a current of 100 A between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode of the Al—Ti alloy, and thus, on the respective surfaces of the cermet substrates A-1 to A-10 and B-1 to B-6. The (Al, Ti,) N layer having the target composition and target layer thickness shown in Table 5 and having substantially no composition change along the layer thickness direction is deposited as the lower layer of the hard coating layer. Further, while maintaining a nitrogen atmosphere of 3 Pa, an arc discharge was generated by flowing a current of 100 A between the Ti-B alloy and the anode electrode, and the targets shown in Table 5 were also used. A (Ti, B) N layer having a composition and a target layer thickness is vapor-deposited as the upper layer of the hard coating layer, so that a comparative surface-coated cermet throwaway tip (hereinafter referred to as a comparative coated chip) is used as a comparative coated cermet tool. 1 to 16 were produced.
[0021]
Next, in the state where each of the above various coated chips is screwed to the tip of the tool steel tool with a fixing jig, the present coated chips 1-16 and the comparative coated chips 1-16,
Work material: JIS / SCM440 round bar,
Cutting speed: 300 m / min. ,
Cutting depth: 1.0 mm,
Feed: 0.15 mm / rev. ,
Cutting time: 10 minutes,
Dry continuous high speed cutting test of alloy steel under the conditions of (normal cutting speed is 150 m / min.),
Work material: JIS · S45C lengthwise equal 4 round grooved round bars,
Cutting speed: 320 m / min. ,
Incision: 1.5mm,
Feed: 0.20 mm / rev. ,
Cutting time: 12 minutes,
Carbon steel dry interrupted high-speed cutting test under normal conditions (normal cutting speed is 180 m / min.),
Work material: JIS / FC250 round bar,
Cutting speed: 350 m / min. ,
Cutting depth: 2.0 mm
Feed: 0.3 mm / rev. ,
Cutting time: 15 minutes,
The dry continuous high-speed cutting test of cast iron under the conditions (normal cutting speed is 200 m / min.) Was performed, and the flank wear width of the cutting edge was measured in any cutting test. The measurement results are shown in Table 6.
[0022]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004211509
[0023]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004211509
[0024]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004211509
[0025]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004211509
[0026]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004211509
[0027]
[Table 6]
Figure 0004211509
[0028]
(Example 2)
As raw material powders, medium coarse WC powder having an average particle diameter of 5.5 μm, fine WC powder of 0.8 μm, TaC powder of 1.3 μm, NbC powder of 1.2 μm, ZrC of 1.2 μm Powder, 2.3 μm CrThreeC2Prepared powder, 1.5 μm VC powder, 1.0 μm (Ti, W) C (mass ratio, Ti / W = 50/50) powder, and 1.8 μm Co powder. Each of the powders was blended into the composition shown in Table 7, further added with wax, ball mill mixed in acetone for 24 hours, dried under reduced pressure, and then pressed into various compacts of a predetermined shape at a pressure of 100 MPa, These green compacts were heated to a predetermined temperature in the range of 1370 to 1470 ° C. at a rate of temperature increase of 7 ° C./min in a vacuum atmosphere of 6 Pa, kept at this temperature for 1 hour, and then subjected to furnace cooling conditions. The three types of cermet substrate forming round bar sintered bodies having diameters of 8 mm, 13 mm, and 26 mm were formed, and further, the above three kinds of round bar sintered bodies were ground by grinding. In the combination shown in Fig. 8, the diameter x length of the cutting edge is Cermet substrates (end mills) C-1 to C-8 made of a WC-based cemented carbide having dimensions of mm × 13 mm, 10 mm × 22 mm, and 20 mm × 45 mm, and a four-blade square shape with a twist angle of 30 degrees. Were manufactured respectively.
[0029]
Next, the surfaces of these cermet substrates (end mills) C-1 to C-8 were ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and dried, and then charged into the arc ion plating apparatus shown in FIG. Under the same conditions as in Example 1, the highest Al content point and the lowest Al content point of the target composition shown in Table 9 along the layer thickness direction are alternately present at the same target interval shown in Table 8, and It has a component concentration distribution structure in which the content ratios of Al and Ti continuously change from the lowest Al content point to the highest Al content point, and from the highest Al content point to the lowest Al content point, which are also shown in Table 8. The lower layer composed of the (Al, Ti,) N layer having the target layer thickness and the (Ti, B) N layer having the target composition and the target layer thickness also shown in Table 8 are deposited as the upper layer of the hard coating layer. By The present invention surface coating cermet end mill as coated cermet tool (hereinafter, the present invention refers to the coating end mill) 1-8 were prepared, respectively.
[0030]
For the purpose of comparison, the surfaces of the cermet substrates (end mills) C-1 to C-8 are ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and dried, and then mounted on the arc ion plating apparatus shown in FIG. Then, under the same conditions as in Example 1 above, (Al, Ti,) N having the target composition and target layer thickness shown in Table 9 and substantially no composition change along the layer thickness direction. A comparatively coated cermet tool is formed by vapor-depositing a lower layer composed of layers, and further vapor-depositing a (Ti, B) N layer having the target composition and thickness shown in Table 9 as the upper layer of the hard coating layer. Comparative surface-coated cermet end mills (hereinafter referred to as comparative coated end mills) 1 to 8 were produced.
[0031]
Next, of the present invention coated end mills 1-8 and comparative coated end mills 1-8, the present invention coated end mills 1-3 and comparative coated end mills 1-3 are as follows:
Work material: Plane dimensions: 100 mm × 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS / S45C plate,
Cutting speed: 160 m / min. ,
Groove depth (cut): 1.2 mm,
Table feed: 700mm / min,
The dry high-speed grooving test of carbon steel under the conditions (normal cutting speed is 100 m / min.), The coated end mills 4 to 6 and the comparative coated end mills 4 to 6 of the present invention,
Work material: Plane dimension: 100 mm × 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS / FC250 plate material,
Cutting speed: 200 m / min. ,
Groove depth (cut): 2.0 mm,
Table feed: 300mm / min,
With respect to the cast iron dry high-speed grooving test (normal cutting speed is 120 m / min.), The coated end mills 7 and 8 and the comparative coated end mills 7 and 8 of the present invention,
Work material: Plane dimension: 100 mm × 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS / SCM440 plate material,
Cutting speed: 220 m / min. ,
Groove depth (cut): 4.0 mm,
Table feed: 200 mm / min,
The dry high-speed grooving test of the alloy steel under the conditions (normal cutting speed is 100 m / min.) Is performed, and the flank wear width of the outer peripheral edge of the cutting edge is the service life in any grooving test. The cutting groove length up to 0.1 mm as a standard was measured. The measurement results are shown in Tables 8 and 9, respectively.
[0032]
[Table 7]
Figure 0004211509
[0033]
[Table 8]
Figure 0004211509
[0034]
[Table 9]
Figure 0004211509
[0035]
(Example 3)
The diameters produced in Example 2 above were 8 mm (for forming cermet substrates C-1 to C-3), 13 mm (for forming cermet substrates C-4 to C-6), and 26 mm (cermet substrates C-7 and C). -8 for forming), and from these three types of round bar sintered bodies, the diameter x length of the groove forming portion is 4 mm x 13 mm (cermet substrate D) by grinding. −1 to D-3), 8 mm × 22 mm (cermet bases D-4 to D-6), and 16 mm × 45 mm (cermet bases D-7 and D-8), and 2 with a twist angle of 30 degrees. Cermet substrates (drills) D-1 to D-8 made of a WC-base cemented carbide having a single blade shape were produced.
[0036]
Next, the cutting blades of these cermet bases (drills) D-1 to D-8 are subjected to honing, ultrasonically cleaned in acetone, and dried in the arc ion plating apparatus shown in FIG. In the same conditions as in Example 1 above, the highest Al content point and the lowest Al content point of the target composition shown in Table 10 along the layer thickness direction alternately at the target interval shown in Table 10 It has a component concentration distribution structure that repeatedly exists and the content ratio of Al and Ti continuously changes from the Al lowest content point to the Al highest content point, from the Al highest content point to the Al lowest content point, And the lower layer which consists of the (Al, Ti,) N layer of the target layer thickness similarly shown in Table 10, and the upper layer which consists of the (Ti, B) N layer of the target composition and the target layer thickness also shown in Table 10 Consisted of By depositing form the quality coating layer, the present invention surface-coated cermet drill as the present invention coated cermet tool (hereinafter, the present invention refers to the coating drills) 1-8 were prepared, respectively.
[0037]
For the purpose of comparison, honing is performed on the surfaces of the cermet substrates (drills) D-1 to D-8, ultrasonic cleaning is performed in acetone, and the arc ions shown in FIG. In the plating apparatus, under the same conditions as in Example 1, the target composition and the target layer thickness shown in Table 11 are obtained, and there is substantially no change in composition along the layer thickness direction (Al, The Ti,) N layer is vapor-deposited as the lower layer of the hard coating layer, and the (Ti, B) N layer having the target composition and thickness shown in Table 11 is vapor-deposited as the upper layer of the hard coating layer. Thus, comparative surface-coated cermet drills (hereinafter referred to as comparative coated drills) 1 to 8 as comparative coated cermet tools were produced, respectively.
[0038]
Next, of the present invention coated drills 1-8 and comparative coated drills 1-8, for the present invention coated drills 1-3 and comparative coated drills 1-3,
Work material: Plane dimension: 100 mm × 250, thickness: 50 mm JIS / FC250 plate material,
Cutting speed: 120 m / min. ,
Feed: 0.15mm / rev,
Hole depth: 25mm,
For the cast iron wet high-speed drilling test (normal cutting speed is 120 m / min.), The present invention coated drills 4-6 and comparative coated drills 4-6,
Work material: Plane dimensions: 100 mm × 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS / S45C plate,
Cutting speed: 200 m / min. ,
Feed: 0.10 mm / rev,
Hole depth: 25mm,
With respect to the wet high speed drilling test of carbon steel under the conditions (normal cutting speed is 100 m / min.), The present invention coated drills 7 and 8 and the comparative coated drills 7 and 8,
Work material: Plane dimension: 100 mm × 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS / SCM440 plate material,
Cutting speed: 180 m / min. ,
Feed: 0.10 mm / rev,
Hole depth: 40mm,
Wet high-speed drilling test (normal cutting speed is 100 m / min.) Of alloy steel under the above conditions, respectively, and any wet high-speed drilling test (using water-soluble cutting oil) The number of drilling processes until the flank wear width reached 0.3 mm was measured. The measurement results are shown in Tables 10 and 11, respectively.
[0039]
[Table 10]
Figure 0004211509
[0040]
[Table 11]
Figure 0004211509
[0041]
The lowest Al content in the lower layer constituting the hard coating layer of the present coated tip 1-16, the present coated end mill 1-8, and the present coated drill 1-8 as the present coated cermet tool obtained as a result of this. The composition of the point and the highest Al content point, and the lower layer of the hard coating layer of the comparative coated tips 1 to 16, the comparative coated end mills 1 to 8, and the comparative coated drills 1 to 8 as the comparative coated cermet tool The content of Al and Ti was measured using an Auger spectroscopic analyzer along the line, and in the hard coating layer of the coated cermet tool of the present invention, the Al minimum content point and the Al maximum content point were each substantially equal to the target value. To the Al highest content point from the Al lowest content point, and from the Al highest content point to the Al lowest content point. It is confirmed that each of the Ti and Ti content ratios has a component concentration distribution structure that continuously changes, while the (Al, Ti,) N layer constituting the hard coating layer of the comparative coated cermet tool is along the thickness direction. Although no composition change was observed, the composition was substantially the same as the target composition.
Similarly, when the composition of the upper layer of the hard coating layer was measured, it showed substantially the same composition as the target composition, and the average layer thickness of the lower layer and the upper layer was further determined using a scanning electron microscope. When the cross section was measured, all showed substantially the same value as the target layer thickness.
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
From the results shown in Tables 3 to 11, the (Al, Ti,) N layer constituting the lower layer of the hard coating layer has an Al maximum content point and an Al minimum content point alternately at predetermined intervals in the layer thickness direction. And a component concentration distribution structure in which the content ratios of Al and Ti continuously change from the lowest Al content point to the highest Al content point and from the highest Al content point to the lowest Al content point. The coated cermet tool according to the present invention is excellent in that the component concentration distribution structure of the lower layer of the hard coating layer provides excellent results even when cutting various steels and cast irons under high-speed cutting conditions with high heat generation. Due to the high temperature hardness and heat resistance, the hard coating layer itself exhibits excellent heat-resistant plastic deformation, and as a result, the wear takes the normal wear form without the occurrence of uneven wear. Span On the other hand, in the comparative coated cermet tool in which the lower layer of the hard coating layer is composed of an (Al, Ti,) N layer having substantially no composition change along the layer thickness direction, high-speed cutting is performed. Then, due to the high temperature hardness and insufficient heat resistance of the lower layer, thermoplastic deformation occurs in the hard coating layer, and as a result, it takes an uneven wear form and the progress of wear is promoted. It is clear that the service life is reached in a short time.
As described above, the coated cermet tool of the present invention exhibits excellent wear resistance over a long period of time even in high-speed cutting as well as normal cutting conditions such as various types of steel and cast iron. Therefore, it is possible to satisfactorily cope with high performance of the cutting device, labor saving and energy saving of the cutting processing, and further cost reduction.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows an arc ion plating apparatus used for forming a hard coating layer constituting a coated cermet tool, wherein (a) is a schematic plan view and (b) is a schematic front view.
FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a normal arc ion plating apparatus.

Claims (1)

炭化タングステン基超硬合金または炭窒化チタン系サーメットからなるサーメット基体の表面に、装置中央部に前記サーメット基体装着用回転テーブルを設けたアークイオンプレーティング装置を用い、
(a)下側層として、上記回転テーブルを挟んで、上記アークイオンプレーティング装置のカソード電極(蒸発源)を両側に対向配置し、一方側のカソード電極(蒸発源)としてAl最高含有点形成用Al−Ti合金、他方側のカソード電極(蒸発源)としてAl最低含有点形成用Al−Ti合金をそれぞれ配置し、前記回転テーブル上の中心軸から半径方向に所定距離離れた位置にテーブルの外周部に沿って複数の上記サーメット基体をリング状に装着し、この状態で装置内雰囲気を窒素雰囲気として前記回転テーブルを回転させると共に、前記サーメット基体自体も自転させながら、前記の両側のカソード電極(蒸発源)とアノード電極との間にアーク放電を発生させて
層厚方向にそって、Al最高含有点とAl最低含有点とが所定間隔をおいて交互に繰り返し存在し、かつ前記Al最高含有点から前記Al最低含有点、前記Al最低含有点から前記Al最高含有点へAlおよびTiの含有割合がそれぞれ連続的に変化する成分濃度分布構造を有し、
さらに、上記Al最低含有点が、組成式:(Al1- Ti)N(ただし、原子比で、Xは0.35〜0.60を示す)、
上記Al最高含有点が、組成式:(Al1- Ti)N(ただし、原子比で、Yは0.05〜0.30を示す)、
をそれぞれ満足し、かつ隣り合う上記Al最低含有点とAl最高含有点の間隔が、0.01〜0.1μmであり、平均層厚が0.8〜8μmであるAlとTiの複合窒化物層、
(b)上側層として、装置内雰囲気を窒素雰囲気として上記回転テーブルを回転させると共に、前記回転テーブル上に同じくリング状に装着した上記サーメット基体自体も自転させながら、前記回転テーブルに面して、上記アークイオンプレーティング装置のカソード電極(蒸発源)として配置したTi−B合金とアノード電極との間にアーク放電を発生させて、前記回転テーブル上の前記サーメット基体表面に蒸着形成した上記下側層に重ねて蒸着してなり、かつ
組成式:(Ti1- )N(ただし、原子比で、Aは0.005〜0.10を示す)、
を満足し、平均層厚が0.5〜5μmであるTiとB(ボロン)の複合窒化物層、
以上(a)および(b)からなる硬質被覆層を蒸着形成してなる、高速切削加工で硬質被覆層がすぐれた耐摩耗性を発揮する表面被覆サーメット製切削工具。
On the surface of a cermet substrate made of tungsten carbide based cemented carbide or titanium carbonitride-based cermet, an arc ion plating apparatus provided with the rotary table for mounting the cermet substrate at the center of the apparatus is used.
(A) As the lower layer, the cathode electrode (evaporation source) of the arc ion plating apparatus is disposed opposite to both sides across the rotary table, and the highest Al content point is formed as the cathode electrode (evaporation source) on one side. An Al-Ti alloy for forming Al and an Al-Ti alloy for forming the lowest Al content point are disposed as the cathode electrode (evaporation source) on the other side, respectively, and the table is positioned at a predetermined radial distance from the central axis on the rotary table. A plurality of the cermet bases are mounted in a ring shape along the outer periphery, and in this state, the rotary table is rotated with the atmosphere inside the apparatus being a nitrogen atmosphere, and the cathode electrodes on both sides are rotated while the cermet base itself is rotated. An arc discharge is generated between the (evaporation source) and the anode electrode ,
Along the layer thickness direction, the Al highest content point and the Al lowest content point are alternately present at predetermined intervals, and the Al highest content point to the Al lowest content point, the Al lowest content point to the Al It has a component concentration distribution structure in which the content ratios of Al and Ti continuously change to the highest content point,
Furthermore, the Al minimum content point, the composition formula: (Al 1- X Ti X) N ( provided that an atomic ratio, X is shows the 0.35 to 0.60),
The Al highest content point, the composition formula: (Al 1- Y Ti Y) N ( provided that an atomic ratio, Y denotes the 0.05 to 0.30),
Al and Ti composite nitride in which the distance between the Al minimum content point and the Al maximum content point adjacent to each other is 0.01 to 0.1 μm and the average layer thickness is 0.8 to 8 μm layer,
(B) As the upper layer, while rotating the rotary table with the atmosphere inside the apparatus as a nitrogen atmosphere, the cermet base body mounted in a ring shape on the rotary table also faces the rotary table while rotating itself, The lower side formed by vapor deposition on the surface of the cermet substrate on the rotary table by generating an arc discharge between a Ti-B alloy disposed as a cathode electrode (evaporation source) of the arc ion plating apparatus and an anode electrode. Vapor deposited over the layers, and
Composition formula: (Ti 1− A B A ) N (where A represents 0.005 to 0.10 in atomic ratio),
And a composite nitride layer of Ti and B (boron) having an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 5 μm,
A surface-coated cermet cutting tool that exhibits excellent wear resistance by high-speed cutting, which is formed by vapor-depositing a hard coating layer comprising the above (a) and (b).
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