JP4669470B2 - セグメント化された撹拌反応器 - Google Patents
セグメント化された撹拌反応器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4669470B2 JP4669470B2 JP2006504384A JP2006504384A JP4669470B2 JP 4669470 B2 JP4669470 B2 JP 4669470B2 JP 2006504384 A JP2006504384 A JP 2006504384A JP 2006504384 A JP2006504384 A JP 2006504384A JP 4669470 B2 JP4669470 B2 JP 4669470B2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
- B01F27/112—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers with arms, paddles, vanes or blades
- B01F27/1123—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers with arms, paddles, vanes or blades sickle-shaped, i.e. curved in at least one direction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
- B01J19/0066—Stirrers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/50—Pipe mixers, i.e. mixers wherein the materials to be mixed flow continuously through pipes, e.g. column mixers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
- B01F27/90—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with paddles or arms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
- B01F35/91—Heating or cooling systems using gas or liquid injected into the material, e.g. using liquefied carbon dioxide or steam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
- B01J19/1806—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside resulting in a turbulent flow of the reactants, such as in centrifugal-type reactors, or having a high Reynolds-number
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/07—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft
- B01F27/072—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft characterised by the disposition of the stirrers with respect to the rotating axis
- B01F27/0724—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft characterised by the disposition of the stirrers with respect to the rotating axis directly mounted on the rotating axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
- B01F27/19—Stirrers with two or more mixing elements mounted in sequence on the same axis
- B01F27/192—Stirrers with two or more mixing elements mounted in sequence on the same axis with dissimilar elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/21—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders characterised by their rotating shafts
- B01F27/2122—Hollow shafts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00121—Controlling the temperature by direct heating or cooling
- B01J2219/00123—Controlling the temperature by direct heating or cooling adding a temperature modifying medium to the reactants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00164—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow
- B01J2219/00166—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow controlling the residence time inside the reactor vessel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00761—Details of the reactor
- B01J2219/00763—Baffles
- B01J2219/00779—Baffles attached to the stirring means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/18—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor
- B01J2219/185—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor vertical
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/19—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor
- B01J2219/194—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round
- B01J2219/1941—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round circular or disk-shaped
- B01J2219/1946—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round circular or disk-shaped conical
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F110/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
- C08F110/06—Propene
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S526/918—Polymerization reactors for addition polymer preparation
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
- Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
Description
さらにUS−A−4460278号明細書から、重合反応を目的とする管反応器が公知である。この管反応器は、上方および下方に向かって折り曲げられた複数の撹拌翼ペアと、その間に位置するディスクとを有している。この装置の目的は翼ペアの端部の周りに円形の流れを生ぜしめることである。
理想的な流動管は、搬送されるすべての粒子が、同じ滞留時間を通走時に経るという利点を有している。これに対して撹拌槽の場合、滞留時間は同じでないものの、ここでは粒子が明らかに良好に混合される。それゆえ、すべての粒子の滞留時間が同じである、高い混合具合を達成したい場合、撹拌槽カスケードが使用される。ただし、そのような撹拌槽カスケードは、別個の容器内でのみ実現されることができる。このことは構造的な手間を必然的に伴う。それゆえ、両反応器タイプは、その中で処理される流動性の物質粒子または固体および/または液体の形の物質粒子混合物にその都度影響を及ぼす、制限された可能性を有しているにすぎない。
流動層反応器については例えば:
Union Carbide Corp.の『US4003712号明細書』、
Sumitomo Chem.Corp.LTDの『EP1080782号明細書』に、
溶解プロセスについては例えば:
Dow chem.Corp.の『WO97/36942号パンフレット』に、
循環式のマルチゾーン反応器については例えば:
Montell Technology CO BV(Basell)の『WO97/04015号パンフレット』に、
撹拌式の気相反応器については例えば:
Standard Oil COの『US4921919号明細書』、
BASF AGの『US3639377号明細書』に
記載されている。
−ポリマー粒子相互の高い相対速度
−反応器軸線に対して横方向でのポリマー粒子の高い相対速度
−最少の逆混合を有する反応中のポリマー粒子の体積膨張に対して比例的な、反応器軸線の方向でのポリマー粒子の速度。
図1:流動特性を背景技術との比較の上で示す図である。
図2:本発明による反応器の原理的な構造を示す図である。
図3:不活性ガスを用いたポリオレフィンのパージを示す図である。
図4:撹拌機構を示す図である。
プロピレン:有利には>99.8%の純度を有するポリマーグレード、
触媒:第4世代のチーグラー触媒またはポリプロピレンの製造のために適した別の触媒、
アルキル:有利にはトリエチルアルミニウム、
ドナー:有利には一般式RR′Si(OMe)2のジアルキルジアルコキシシランのグループのシラン(ただし、R,R′は同種であっても異種であってもよく、例えばアルキル、イソアルキル、アリール、シクロアルキルである。本例では、シクロヘキシル−メチル−ジメトキシシランが使用される。)、
水素:最高純度。
MFI(メルトフローインデックス):12g/10min.(ASTM D1238)
XL(キシレン溶解率):2.2%(ASTM D5492)
平均的な嵩密度:440g/l(ASTM D1895)
Claims (16)
- 流動性の物質が互いに混合される化学的かつ物理的なプロセスを実施するための装置であって、入口および出口を備えた円筒状の容器(1)と、中央の軸(2)と、該軸(2)に配置された、壁に向かって延在する半径方向の撹拌翼(3;4)とが設けられている形式のものにおいて、
a)撹拌翼(3;4)が周方向で見て湾曲して形成されており、
b)撹拌翼(3;4)が撹拌機構(5;6)としてペア状に上下にグループ(7)にまとめられており、
c)グループ(7)の一方の機構(5)の翼(3)が半径方向で凹面状に湾曲させられており、他方の機構(6)の翼(4)が半径方向で凸面状に湾曲させられており、
d)翼(3;4)がその自由な端部に向かって先細りしている
ことを特徴とする、セグメント化された撹拌反応器。 - 翼(3;4)の湾曲が螺線の形状を有している、請求項1記載の撹拌反応器。
- 湾曲が対数螺線またはアルキメデスの螺線である、請求項1または2記載の撹拌反応器。
- 翼(3;4)が、物質を軸方向で垂直に搬送するために、前記軸(2)の長手方向軸線に関して角度を成して取り付けられている、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項記載の撹拌反応器。
- 一対の撹拌機構(5;6)の翼(3;4)が、前記軸(2)の長手方向軸線に関して互いに逆方向の取付角度を有している、請求項4記載の撹拌反応器。
- 撹拌機構(5;6)のグループの間に遮断部材が配置されている、請求項1から5までのいずれか1項記載の撹拌反応器。
- 容器壁に、反応成分および/または冷却剤を流動性の物質内に供給するための、間隔を置いた入口および出口が配置されている、請求項1から6までのいずれか1項記載の撹拌反応器。
- 前記容器(1)が縦型の容器である、請求項1から7までのいずれか1項記載の攪拌反応器。
- 前記翼(3;4)が前記容器(1)の壁に向かって延在しており、該翼(3;4)と該壁との間の遊び(a)が該容器(1)を通過する粒子サイズに合わせて調整されている、請求項1から8までのいずれか1項記載の攪拌反応器。
- 請求項1から9までのいずれか1項記載の攪拌反応器を用いて、ポリマーを管状の反応器内で製造する方法において、反応成分を軸方向で反応器内を通走させ、ペア状に上下にグループにまとめられた、逆方向で湾曲させられた撹拌翼により、実質的に反応器軸線に対して垂直に、反応器軸線に向かって一度かつ反応器軸線から離れるように一度搬送し、その際に、反応成分を集中的に混合することを特徴とする、ポリマーを製造する方法。
- 反応器内にオレフィンポリマーを装入し、オレフィンポリマーにモノマーおよび触媒系を添加する、請求項10記載の方法。
- 反応器内容物を、液体のモノマーの添加により冷却し、モノマーを蒸発させ、モノマーをガスで取り出す、請求項11記載の方法。
- 液体のモノマーを複数の箇所で、ポリマーの搬送方向で見て相前後して、反応器内に送り込む、請求項10から12までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 部分的に反応器内に、外側からまたは撹拌翼を支持する中空軸を介してまたは翼を介して、遮断ガスを導入し、遮断ガスを半径方向で取り出す、請求項11から13までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 反応器を後にした生成物を、類似の撹拌翼ペアを備えた第2の反応器内に移送し、第2の反応器内で、不活性ガスによるパージにより残留モノマーを除去する、請求項11から14までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記不活性ガスが窒素である、請求項15記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10310091A DE10310091A1 (de) | 2003-03-06 | 2003-03-06 | Segmentierter Rührreaktor |
PCT/EP2004/000116 WO2004078329A1 (de) | 2003-03-06 | 2004-01-10 | Segmentierter rührreaktor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2006519897A JP2006519897A (ja) | 2006-08-31 |
JP4669470B2 true JP4669470B2 (ja) | 2011-04-13 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2006504384A Expired - Fee Related JP4669470B2 (ja) | 2003-03-06 | 2004-01-10 | セグメント化された撹拌反応器 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7459506B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1599279B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4669470B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100400147C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE339244T1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0408130A (ja) |
DE (2) | DE10310091A1 (ja) |
EA (1) | EA007436B1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2273203T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004078329A1 (ja) |
ZA (1) | ZA200506453B (ja) |
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DE102010023793A1 (de) | 2010-06-15 | 2011-12-15 | J. F. Knauer Industrie-Elektronik Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Einmischen von Konditioniermittel, insbesondere Flockmittel, in Schlämme |
KR101477936B1 (ko) * | 2010-07-30 | 2014-12-30 | 토탈 리서치 앤드 테크놀로지 펠루이 | 촉매 슬러리 제조 시스템의 용도 |
KR101040927B1 (ko) | 2011-03-30 | 2011-06-16 | (주)플록마스터 | 슬러지 파쇄용 믹스장치 |
US10647790B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2020-05-12 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Process for gas-phase polymerization having high bed bulk density |
RU2505349C1 (ru) * | 2012-07-25 | 2014-01-27 | Василий Агафонович Лотов | Центробежный смеситель |
CN103734895A (zh) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-04-23 | 云南中烟昆船瑞升科技有限公司 | 多功能连续浸提固液分离组合机 |
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DE102015106512A1 (de) | 2015-04-28 | 2016-11-03 | EKATO Rühr- und Mischtechnik GmbH | Rührorganvorrichtung |
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JP6169772B1 (ja) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-07-26 | マイクロ波化学株式会社 | 撹拌翼、および処理装置 |
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CN114772697B (zh) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-09-02 | 深圳市至臻生物科技有限公司 | 一种可吸氢的高浓度富氢水制备装置 |
CN115652732B (zh) * | 2022-12-28 | 2023-03-17 | 喜跃发国际环保新材料股份有限公司 | 一种改性沥青的加工工艺及加工*** |
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JPS5399290A (en) * | 1977-02-10 | 1978-08-30 | Bayer Ag | Apparatus for mixing and polymerizing |
JPS57125202A (en) * | 1981-01-28 | 1982-08-04 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | Device for continuous bulk polymerization |
JP2001516279A (ja) * | 1997-03-27 | 2001-09-25 | ノバ ケミカルズ(インターナショナル)ソシエテ アノニム | 二連剪断混合装置を使用する重合方法 |
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DE1218265B (de) | 1962-08-01 | 1966-06-02 | Basf Ag | Wendelruehrer |
DE1720292B2 (de) * | 1967-08-10 | 1975-05-22 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Propylenpolymerisaten |
US4003712A (en) * | 1970-07-29 | 1977-01-18 | Union Carbide Corporation | Fluidized bed reactor |
JPS5230539B1 (ja) * | 1970-08-08 | 1977-08-09 | ||
DE2803407C2 (de) * | 1978-01-26 | 1982-12-02 | Hans 4930 Detmold Kimmel | Rührwerkzeug |
US4438074A (en) * | 1981-07-21 | 1984-03-20 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Continuous polymerization reactor |
US4921919A (en) * | 1985-12-10 | 1990-05-01 | Amoco Corporation | Method and apparatus for minimizing polymer agglomerate or lump formation in a gas-phase polypropylene polymerization reactor |
IT1275573B (it) | 1995-07-20 | 1997-08-07 | Spherilene Spa | Processo ed apparecchiatura per la pomimerizzazione in fase gas delle alfa-olefine |
ATE210688T1 (de) | 1996-04-01 | 2001-12-15 | Dow Chemical Co | Olefin-lösungspolymerisation |
US6350054B1 (en) | 1997-12-08 | 2002-02-26 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Agitator for a horizontal polymerization reactor having contiguous paddle stations with paddles and sub-stations with sub-station paddles |
SG82693A1 (en) | 1999-09-03 | 2001-08-21 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Fluidized bed reactor for gas phase olefin polymerization, process for polymerizing olefin and process for producing olefin polymer |
-
2003
- 2003-03-06 DE DE10310091A patent/DE10310091A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-01-10 DE DE502004001482T patent/DE502004001482D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-10 EA EA200501418A patent/EA007436B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-01-10 US US10/548,288 patent/US7459506B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-01-10 AT AT04701302T patent/ATE339244T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-01-10 ES ES04701302T patent/ES2273203T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-10 BR BRPI0408130-7A patent/BRPI0408130A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-01-10 JP JP2006504384A patent/JP4669470B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-01-10 EP EP04701302A patent/EP1599279B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-10 WO PCT/EP2004/000116 patent/WO2004078329A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2004-01-10 CN CNB2004800061616A patent/CN100400147C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US2569459A (en) * | 1945-08-09 | 1951-10-02 | Corning Glass Works | Method and apparatus for stirring glass |
JPS5399290A (en) * | 1977-02-10 | 1978-08-30 | Bayer Ag | Apparatus for mixing and polymerizing |
JPS57125202A (en) * | 1981-01-28 | 1982-08-04 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | Device for continuous bulk polymerization |
JP2001516279A (ja) * | 1997-03-27 | 2001-09-25 | ノバ ケミカルズ(インターナショナル)ソシエテ アノニム | 二連剪断混合装置を使用する重合方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ZA200506453B (en) | 2007-01-31 |
EP1599279B1 (de) | 2006-09-13 |
EA200501418A1 (ru) | 2006-02-24 |
BRPI0408130A (pt) | 2006-03-01 |
EA007436B1 (ru) | 2006-10-27 |
DE10310091A1 (de) | 2004-09-16 |
CN1756591A (zh) | 2006-04-05 |
ATE339244T1 (de) | 2006-10-15 |
ES2273203T3 (es) | 2007-05-01 |
WO2004078329A1 (de) | 2004-09-16 |
CN100400147C (zh) | 2008-07-09 |
JP2006519897A (ja) | 2006-08-31 |
EP1599279A1 (de) | 2005-11-30 |
US20060104874A1 (en) | 2006-05-18 |
US7459506B2 (en) | 2008-12-02 |
DE502004001482D1 (de) | 2006-10-26 |
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