JP4364022B2 - 有機性廃棄物からのエネルギー回収方法 - Google Patents
有機性廃棄物からのエネルギー回収方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4364022B2 JP4364022B2 JP2004075697A JP2004075697A JP4364022B2 JP 4364022 B2 JP4364022 B2 JP 4364022B2 JP 2004075697 A JP2004075697 A JP 2004075697A JP 2004075697 A JP2004075697 A JP 2004075697A JP 4364022 B2 JP4364022 B2 JP 4364022B2
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- ammonia
- organic waste
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- hydrogen
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 128
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 62
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
Description
また発電装置が、水素ガスにより駆動されるガスエンジンまたは燃料電池であることが好ましい。
図1は本発明の実施形態を示すブロック図であり、1は下水汚泥、バイオマスなどの窒素分を含む有機性廃棄物である。これらの有機性廃棄物1は多くの場合、大量の水分を含有しており、そのまま高温のガス化改質炉4に投入することができないのが普通であるので、脱水機2と乾燥機3とによる脱水・乾燥の前処理が行われる。脱水機2としては、ベルトプレス、フィルタープレス、ロータリープレスなどの従来公知の様々な形式のものを使用することができる。また乾燥機3の形式も任意であるが、例えば外部熱源を利用したパドルドライヤを用いることができる。
本発明で用いるアンモニア分解触媒は、アルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、ジルコニア等の金属酸化物担体上にニッケルまたはニッケル酸化物を第1成分として担持させ、更にアルカリ土類金属及びランタノイド元素の少なくとも一方を金属または酸化物の形で第2成分として添加したものが好ましい。アルカリ土類金属としては、マグネシウム、カルシウム、ストロンチウム、バリウムなどが用いられ、ランタノイド元素としてはランタン、セリウムなどが用いられる。このようなアンモニア分解触媒は、例えば周知の共沈法によりニッケル/アルミナ触媒を製造し、これを乾燥させた後にバリウムなどの第2成分をエタノールや水に溶解させて含浸させる方法で製造することができる。
含水率80%の下水汚泥を、12500kg/hの流量で減圧蒸発式乾燥機10に送り込み脱水乾燥させた。下水汚泥中の水分は10000kg/h、DS(乾燥固形分)は2500kg/hであり、減圧蒸発式乾燥機10から29.6kg/hのアンモニアを含む9870kg/hの乾燥ドレン水が発生した。乾燥ドレン水中のアンモニア濃度は3000mg/Lである。この乾燥ドレン水は排水処理工程5に送られた。
2 脱水機
3 乾燥機
4 ガス化改質炉
5 排水処理工程
6 除塵・洗浄工程
7 分解触媒
8 発電装置
10 減圧蒸発式乾燥機
11 フィルタ
12 ボイラ
13 ガスエンジン
Claims (4)
- 有機性廃棄物をガス化改質する前処理段階の脱水・乾燥工程で発生する排水、および脱水・乾燥した有機性廃棄物をガス化改質して発生させたガスの除塵・洗浄工程で発生する排水中に含まれるアンモニアを回収し、回収されたアンモニアを分解触媒により水素と窒素に分解して水素を回収し、この水素を発電装置のエネルギー源として利用することを特徴とする有機性廃棄物からのエネルギー回収方法。
- アンモニア分解触媒として、アルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、ジルコニア等の金属酸化物担体上にニッケルまたはニッケル酸化物を第1成分として担持させ、更にアルカリ土類金属及びランタノイド元素の少なくとも一方を金属または酸化物の形で第2成分として添加したものを用いる請求項1記載の有機性廃棄物からのエネルギー回収方法。
- 第1成分/担体の重量比を1〜40%、第2成分/担体の重量比を1〜15%とした請求項2記載の有機性廃棄物からのエネルギー回収方法。
- 発電装置が、水素ガスにより駆動されるガスエンジンまたは燃料電池であることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の有機性廃棄物からのエネルギー回収方法。
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JP2004075697A JP4364022B2 (ja) | 2003-03-25 | 2004-03-17 | 有機性廃棄物からのエネルギー回収方法 |
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JP2003082143 | 2003-03-25 | ||
JP2004075697A JP4364022B2 (ja) | 2003-03-25 | 2004-03-17 | 有機性廃棄物からのエネルギー回収方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2004307326A JP2004307326A (ja) | 2004-11-04 |
JP4364022B2 true JP4364022B2 (ja) | 2009-11-11 |
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JP2004075697A Expired - Lifetime JP4364022B2 (ja) | 2003-03-25 | 2004-03-17 | 有機性廃棄物からのエネルギー回収方法 |
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Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4605992B2 (ja) * | 2003-03-28 | 2011-01-05 | 三井造船株式会社 | 燃料電池発電プロセス、および燃料電池システム |
JP4225866B2 (ja) * | 2003-09-01 | 2009-02-18 | 株式会社栗本鐵工所 | 有機汚泥の処理方法 |
KR100710911B1 (ko) | 2005-12-27 | 2007-04-27 | 류지순 | 하/폐수 처리 장치를 이용한 발전 장치 |
JP4787966B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-30 | 2011-10-05 | 国立大学法人群馬大学 | 含窒素廃棄物の乾式処理方法とそのための装置 |
JP2010094667A (ja) * | 2008-09-17 | 2010-04-30 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | アンモニア分解触媒およびその製造方法、ならびに、アンモニア処理方法 |
US20110176988A1 (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2011-07-21 | Junji Okamura | Ammonia decomposition catalysts and their production processes, as well as ammonia treatment method |
JP5547936B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-17 | 2014-07-16 | 株式会社日本触媒 | アンモニア分解触媒およびその製造方法、ならびに、アンモニア処理方法 |
JP5624343B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-17 | 2014-11-12 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 水素製造方法 |
JP5483705B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-17 | 2014-05-07 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 水素製造触媒およびそれを用いた水素製造方法 |
JP5763890B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-17 | 2015-08-12 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 水素製造触媒およびそれを用いた水素製造方法 |
US8962518B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 | 2015-02-24 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Catalyst for production of hydrogen and process for producing hydrogen using the catalyst, and catalyst for combustion of ammonia, process for producing the catalyst and process for combusting ammonia using the catalyst |
JP5746539B2 (ja) * | 2010-06-02 | 2015-07-08 | 株式会社日本触媒 | アンモニア分解用触媒及び該触媒の製造方法、並びに該触媒を用いたアンモニア分解方法及び水素製造方法 |
JP2012223768A (ja) * | 2012-08-20 | 2012-11-15 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | アンモニア分解触媒及びアンモニア分解方法 |
JP2014067562A (ja) * | 2012-09-25 | 2014-04-17 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 固体酸化物形燃料電池及びそれを用いた発電方法 |
CN103965966B (zh) * | 2014-04-23 | 2015-10-21 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | 一种带有机废水处理的干粉加压气化装置 |
JP6403135B2 (ja) * | 2014-07-24 | 2018-10-10 | 国立大学法人群馬大学 | アンモニア態窒素含有廃棄物からのアンモニア分解水素製造方法 |
CN104194835A (zh) * | 2014-08-18 | 2014-12-10 | 苏州新协力环保科技有限公司 | 一种生物质气化发电方法 |
JP6789550B2 (ja) * | 2016-08-10 | 2020-11-25 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | マイクロ波加熱用アンモニア分解触媒及びその混合物 |
JP7079068B2 (ja) * | 2016-12-13 | 2022-06-01 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 火力発電プラント、ボイラ及びボイラの改造方法 |
TWI812634B (zh) * | 2017-08-24 | 2023-08-21 | 丹麥商托普索公司 | 自熱性氨裂解製程 |
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