JP3843091B2 - 排ガス浄化触媒およびその製造方法、ならびに車用排ガス浄化触媒装置 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化触媒およびその製造方法、ならびに車用排ガス浄化触媒装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3843091B2 JP3843091B2 JP2003322754A JP2003322754A JP3843091B2 JP 3843091 B2 JP3843091 B2 JP 3843091B2 JP 2003322754 A JP2003322754 A JP 2003322754A JP 2003322754 A JP2003322754 A JP 2003322754A JP 3843091 B2 JP3843091 B2 JP 3843091B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- gas purification
- purification catalyst
- composite oxide
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Description
〈製造例1〉
硝酸ランタン1.94g(0.007モル)、硝酸パラジウム6.23g(0.014モル)、およびリンゴ酸3.75g(0.028モル)をイオン交換水100mlに溶解して混合金属硝酸塩水溶液を作製した。次いで、上記混合金属硝酸塩水溶液を調製し、ホットプレートスターラーで攪拌しながら、250℃で蒸発乾固した。その後、これをアルミナ坩堝に移し、マッフル炉にて2.5℃/minで350℃まで昇温し、350℃で3時間熱処理した。これにより硝酸根を除去した仮焼成体を作製した。
上記製造例1で使用した硝酸ランタンの代わりに硝酸ネオジウムを使用し、Nd2PdO4の排ガス浄化触媒を得た。その他の条件は製造例1と同様とした。
上記製造例1で使用した硝酸ランタンの代わりに硝酸ガドリニウムを使用し、Gd2PdO4の排ガス浄化触媒を得た。その他の条件は製造例1と同様とした。
製造例1で使用した硝酸ランタンの代わりに硝酸アルミニウムを使用し、PdOとAl2O3との混合物からなる排ガス浄化触媒を得た。その他の条件は製造例1と同様とした。
硝酸パラジウムと硝酸ランタンとの混合水溶液を炭酸アンモニウムで中和後濃縮し、ペースト状の混合物を得た。次いで、300℃で熱分解後、1000℃で3時間焼成し、La4PdO7の均一相粉末を得た。得られた粉末を粉砕後、アルミナと混合し、ハニカムヘ所定量を担持して、La4PdO7 とアルミナとの混合物からなる排ガス浄化触媒を得た。
Claims (7)
- 希土類金属から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含むPd系複合酸化物であり、前記Pd系複合酸化物が、Ln 2 PdO 4 およびLn 4 PdO 7 (Ln:希土類金属)からなることを特徴とする排ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記Pd系複合酸化物が、化合物群(OH基またはSH基を有する炭素数2〜20のカルボン酸、炭素数2または3のジカルボン酸、および炭素数1〜20のモノカルボン酸)から選ばれた少なくとも1種をLnおよびPdの硝酸塩水溶液に添加する工程を経て製造されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記硝酸塩水溶液を蒸発乾固させて、カルボン酸錯体重合物を作製する工程と、前記カルボン酸錯体重合物を焼成する焼成工程とを経て製造されたことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
- 希土類金属から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含むPd系複合酸化物であって、前記Pd系複合酸化物がLn 2 PdO 4 およびLn 4 PdO 7 (Ln:希土類金属)からなる排ガス浄化触媒を製造する方法であって、
化合物群(OH基またはSH基を有する炭素数2〜20のカルボン酸、炭素数2または3のジカルボン酸、および炭素数1〜20のモノカルボン酸)から選ばれた少なくとも1種をLnおよびPdの硝酸塩水溶液へ添加する工程を含むことを特徴とする排ガス浄化触媒の製造方法。 - 前記硝酸塩水溶液を蒸発乾固させて、カルボン酸錯体重合物を作製する工程と、前記カルボン酸錯体重合物を焼成する焼成工程とを含むことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の排ガス浄化触媒の製造方法。
- 前記焼成工程における焼成温度が、900℃以下であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の排ガス浄化触媒の製造方法。
- 希土類金属から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含むPd系複合酸化物を備え、前記Pd系複合酸化物が、Ln 2 PdO 4 およびLn 4 PdO 7 (Ln:希土類金属)からなり、車から排出される排ガスを浄化することを特徴とする車用排ガス浄化触媒装置。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003322754A JP3843091B2 (ja) | 2003-08-25 | 2003-09-16 | 排ガス浄化触媒およびその製造方法、ならびに車用排ガス浄化触媒装置 |
DE602004032500T DE602004032500D1 (de) | 2003-08-25 | 2004-08-16 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Abgasreinigungskatalysators |
EP04019434A EP1510245B1 (en) | 2003-08-25 | 2004-08-16 | Production method for an exhaust gas purification catalyst |
US10/919,486 US7259127B2 (en) | 2003-08-25 | 2004-08-17 | Purification catalyst for exhaust gas, production method therefor, and purification catalyst device for exhaust gas |
CNB2004100570656A CN1305563C (zh) | 2003-08-25 | 2004-08-25 | 废气净化催化剂及其制造方法、及车用废气净化催化装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003299553 | 2003-08-25 | ||
JP2003322754A JP3843091B2 (ja) | 2003-08-25 | 2003-09-16 | 排ガス浄化触媒およびその製造方法、ならびに車用排ガス浄化触媒装置 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2005095703A JP2005095703A (ja) | 2005-04-14 |
JP3843091B2 true JP3843091B2 (ja) | 2006-11-08 |
Family
ID=34106946
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003322754A Expired - Fee Related JP3843091B2 (ja) | 2003-08-25 | 2003-09-16 | 排ガス浄化触媒およびその製造方法、ならびに車用排ガス浄化触媒装置 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7259127B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1510245B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3843091B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1305563C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602004032500D1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3843090B2 (ja) * | 2003-09-12 | 2006-11-08 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 排ガス浄化触媒およびその製造方法、ならびに車用排ガス浄化触媒装置 |
JP5028857B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-28 | 2012-09-19 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 排ガス浄化触媒及びその製造方法 |
KR101398042B1 (ko) * | 2006-10-05 | 2014-05-22 | 가부시기가이샤 닛뽕쇼꾸바이 | 유기산 함유 배기가스 처리용 촉매 및 유기산 함유 배기가스 처리 방법 |
CN101209417B (zh) * | 2006-12-26 | 2010-10-06 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 含有贵金属氧化物和稀土金属氧化物的复合物及催化剂 |
WO2008096575A1 (ja) * | 2007-02-08 | 2008-08-14 | Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. | 触媒組成物 |
WO2010096871A1 (en) * | 2009-02-25 | 2010-09-02 | Applied Hybrid Energy Pty Ltd | Carbon capture |
Family Cites Families (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4182694A (en) * | 1974-04-25 | 1980-01-08 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Company | Ruthenium-containing perovskite catalysts |
CA1066686A (en) * | 1974-04-25 | 1979-11-20 | Alan Lauder | Metal oxide catalytic compositions |
US4127510A (en) * | 1975-10-31 | 1978-11-28 | Johnson, Matthey & Co., Limited | Catalyst for the purification of an exhaust gas |
FR2530489B1 (fr) * | 1982-07-26 | 1987-02-27 | Pro Catalyse | Procede de fabrication de catalyseurs pour le traitement des gaz d'echappement des moteurs a combustion interne |
JPS61209045A (ja) | 1985-03-13 | 1986-09-17 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
CN1007878B (zh) * | 1985-04-01 | 1990-05-09 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 二氧化碳激光器气体杂质再生铂——稀土催化剂及其制备方法 |
CN1021412C (zh) | 1988-10-26 | 1993-06-30 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | 含贵金属的稀土复合氧化物型蜂窝催化剂及其制法 |
JPH0817942B2 (ja) | 1989-08-09 | 1996-02-28 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排気浄化用触媒の製造方法 |
JP3145383B2 (ja) | 1990-05-21 | 2001-03-12 | バブコツク日立株式会社 | 高温用燃焼触媒およびその製造法 |
US5234881A (en) | 1992-06-05 | 1993-08-10 | Ford Motor Company | Binary LA-PA oxide catalyst and method of making the catalyst |
JPH06100319A (ja) | 1992-09-18 | 1994-04-12 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | ペロブスカイト型構造複合酸化物およびその製造方法 |
JP3375358B2 (ja) * | 1993-01-29 | 2003-02-10 | マツダ株式会社 | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
JP3273820B2 (ja) | 1993-02-26 | 2002-04-15 | 株式会社三徳 | 酸素吸収・放出能を有するセリウム含有複合酸化物及びその製造法 |
US6069111A (en) * | 1995-06-02 | 2000-05-30 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Catalysts for the purification of exhaust gas and method of manufacturing thereof |
KR0166148B1 (ko) * | 1995-09-05 | 1998-12-15 | 강박광 | 고분산 혼합 금속산화물 담지 촉매의 제조방법 |
US6090744A (en) * | 1996-03-28 | 2000-07-18 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Catalyst for cleaning exhaust gas |
US5977017A (en) * | 1996-04-10 | 1999-11-02 | Catalytic Solutions, Inc. | Perovskite-type metal oxide compounds |
JP3733687B2 (ja) | 1997-04-08 | 2006-01-11 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 耐熱性触媒およびその製造方法 |
US6043188A (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 2000-03-28 | Hyundai Motor Company | Process for manufacturing palladium ternary catalyst |
US6576200B1 (en) * | 1998-08-28 | 2003-06-10 | Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. | Catalytic converter for automotive pollution control, and oxygen-storing complex oxide used therefor |
JP2001269578A (ja) * | 2000-01-19 | 2001-10-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
US20020032123A1 (en) * | 2000-02-23 | 2002-03-14 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Exhaust gas catalyst and method of manufacturing same |
CN1160153C (zh) * | 2001-08-28 | 2004-08-04 | 黄钊仁 | 以钙钛矿型氧化物abo3提高钯催化剂性能的方法 |
CN1214867C (zh) * | 2003-03-24 | 2005-08-17 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | 一种钙钛矿复合氧化物负载钯催化剂的制备方法 |
-
2003
- 2003-09-16 JP JP2003322754A patent/JP3843091B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-08-16 DE DE602004032500T patent/DE602004032500D1/de active Active
- 2004-08-16 EP EP04019434A patent/EP1510245B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-17 US US10/919,486 patent/US7259127B2/en active Active
- 2004-08-25 CN CNB2004100570656A patent/CN1305563C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1510245B1 (en) | 2011-05-04 |
CN1597102A (zh) | 2005-03-23 |
JP2005095703A (ja) | 2005-04-14 |
US20050059546A1 (en) | 2005-03-17 |
CN1305563C (zh) | 2007-03-21 |
DE602004032500D1 (de) | 2011-06-16 |
EP1510245A1 (en) | 2005-03-02 |
US7259127B2 (en) | 2007-08-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP2003126694A (ja) | 排ガス浄化用触媒 | |
JP5506292B2 (ja) | 排ガス浄化用触媒 | |
JP2008136951A (ja) | 排ガス浄化触媒用複合酸化物および排ガス浄化触媒、並びにディーゼル排ガス浄化用フィルター | |
JP6187770B2 (ja) | 排ガス浄化触媒、その製造方法、及び、それを用いた排ガス浄化方法 | |
JP2004330046A (ja) | ディーゼルエンジン排ガス浄化用触媒およびその製造方法 | |
JP2009061432A (ja) | 複合酸化物、パティキュレート酸化触媒およびディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタ | |
JP3843091B2 (ja) | 排ガス浄化触媒およびその製造方法、ならびに車用排ガス浄化触媒装置 | |
JP3956733B2 (ja) | 排ガス浄化触媒用セリウム−ジルコニウム複合金属酸化物 | |
CN104254386A (zh) | NOx捕集阱组合物 | |
US20050153836A1 (en) | Purification catalyst for exhaust gas, production method therefor, and purification catalyst device for exhaust gas | |
JP3843090B2 (ja) | 排ガス浄化触媒およびその製造方法、ならびに車用排ガス浄化触媒装置 | |
JP6444265B2 (ja) | 排ガス浄化触媒、その製造方法、及び、それを用いた排ガス浄化方法 | |
CN113559850A (zh) | 锰基复合氧化物催化剂及其制备方法和用途 | |
JP3843102B2 (ja) | 排ガス浄化触媒及びその製造方法、並びに排ガス浄化触媒装置 | |
JP4697503B2 (ja) | 複合酸化物粉末とその製造方法及び触媒 | |
JP2006043683A (ja) | 触媒担体及びその製造方法、並びに排ガス浄化触媒 | |
JP7428681B2 (ja) | 排ガス浄化触媒 | |
JP3251009B2 (ja) | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 | |
JP4157514B2 (ja) | 排ガス浄化触媒及びそれを備えた車用排ガス浄化装置 | |
JP2005199122A (ja) | 排ガス浄化触媒及びその製造方法、並びに車用排ガス浄化触媒装置 | |
JP4204487B2 (ja) | 排ガス浄化触媒及びその製造方法、並びに車用排ガス浄化触媒装置 | |
JP2001293374A (ja) | 排気ガス浄化用触媒及び排気ガス浄化システム | |
JP6096818B2 (ja) | 排ガス浄化触媒、その製造方法、及び、それを用いた排ガス浄化方法 | |
JP3488999B2 (ja) | 排気ガス浄化用触媒組成物およびその製造方法、並びに排気ガス浄化用触媒 | |
JP3885339B2 (ja) | 排気ガス浄化用触媒、その製造方法及びその使用方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20060427 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20060509 |
|
A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20060710 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20060728 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20060811 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100818 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100818 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110818 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110818 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120818 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120818 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130818 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140818 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |