JP2017195197A - 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】燃料電池システムは、燃料電池に接続される負荷とコントローラと備える。コントローラは、燃料電池の暖機時に負荷への供給電力を調整して燃料電池の出力電流を所定幅変化させ、変化させている間に検出された少なくとも2組の出力電流値及び出力電圧値に基づいて、燃料電池のIV特性を推定するIV推定処理を実施する。そして、コントローラは、IV推定処理の実施中に燃料電池の出力に基づいて、IV推定処理の実施を停止する。
【選択図】図6A
Description
カソード電極 : 4H+ +4e- +O2 →2H2O …(2)
図3は、本発明の第1実施形態による燃料電池システム100の概略図である。
したがって、出力電流を走行許可前上限電流までの間で変動させて、少なくとも任意の2点の実出力電流Ir1、Ir2に対応する基準電圧Vb1、Vb2及び実出力電圧Vr1、Vr2をそれぞれ算出すれば、(3)式の傾きA及び切片Bを算出することができる。その結果、(3)式に基づいて、走行許可前上限電流以上の領域の任意の出力電流における出力電圧を算出することができるので、図5に一点鎖線で示すように、走行許可前上限電流以上の領域における実IV特性を推定することができる。
なる場合がある。この場合に出力電流をシステム要求下限電流ISLよりも降下させてしまうと、ドライアウト現象や高電位劣化減少が発生するおそれがある。そのため、出力電流をIV推定用負荷下げ目標電流ItLまで降下させるのは望ましくない。
なお、本実施形態では燃料電池スタック1の出力電流が所定電流以上の領域で出力電流と出力電圧の関係が一次関数で近似できることを利用し、その領域内で出力電流を一定以上の電流幅で変化させたときの出力電圧の変化をみることでIV特性が推定される。
Claims (16)
- アノードガス及びカソードガスを燃料電池に供給して発電させる燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池に接続される負荷と、
前記燃料電池の暖機時に、前記負荷への供給電力を調整して前記燃料電池の出力電流を所定幅変化させる電流制御手段と、
変化させている間に検出される少なくとも2組の出力電流値及び出力電圧値に基づいて、前記燃料電池のIV特性を推定するIV推定手段と、
前記IV推定手段の実施中に、前記燃料電池の出力電圧値の検出値が第1所定値以下になったときは、前記IV特性を推定するIV推定を停止するIV推定停止手段と、
を備える燃料電池システム。 - アノードガス及びカソードガスを燃料電池に供給して発電させる燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池に接続される負荷と、
前記燃料電池の暖機時に、前記負荷への供給電力を調整して前記燃料電池の出力電流を、前記負荷の状態及び/又は前記燃料電池システムの状態に基づいた電流幅で変化させる電流幅制御手段と、
変化させている間に検出される少なくとも2組の出力電流値及び出力電圧値に基づいて、前記燃料電池のIV特性を推定するIV推定手段と、
前記電流幅制御手段によって制御される電流幅が所定幅よりも小さいときは、前記電流幅の制御を停止する電流制御停止手段と、
を備える燃料電池システム。 - 請求項2に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記電流制御停止手段は、前記IV特性を推定するIV推定の実施中に、前記燃料電池の出力電圧値の検出値が第1所定値以下になったときは、前記電流幅の制御を停止する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項3に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池の出力電圧値の検出値が第2所定値以下になったときは、前記燃料電池システムを停止させるシステム停止手段を備え、
前記第1所定値は、前記第2所定値よりも大きい、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項3又は請求項4に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記IV推定を停止したときは、第1所定期間が経過した後に、再度前記IV推定を実施する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項5に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記IV推定手段によって推定したIV特性が、所定のIV特性になったか否かを判定するIV特性判定手段を備え、
推定したIV特性が所定のIV特性になっていないと判定されたときは、第2所定期間が経過した後に、再度前記IV推定を実施し、
前記第1所定期間は、前記第2所定期間よりも長い、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項5又は請求項6に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記第1所定期間は、
前記燃料電池の出力電圧値の検出値が第1所定値になったときの出力電流値に基づいて設定される、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項7に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記第1所定期間は、
前記出力電流値が小さいほど大きい値に設定される、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項3から請求項8までのいずれか1つに記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池システムの運転状態に基づいて、出力電流の上限値及び下限値の少なくとも一方を設定する制限値設定手段と、
出力電流を振幅させている場合に、出力電流が前記上限値又は前記下限値に達するか否かを判定する超過判定手段と、
出力電流が前記上限値又は前記下限値に達すると判定したときに、前記IV推定を停止する第2のIV推定停止手段と、
を備える燃料電池システム。 - 請求項3から請求項9までのいずれか1つに記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池の暖機時に、出力電流が所定の暖機用目標電流となるように、前記負荷への供給電力を調整して前記燃料電池を暖機させる暖機手段を備え、
出力電流を前記暖機用目標電流から上昇させるように前記負荷への供給電力を調整して、前記燃料電池の出力電流を振幅させる、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項3から請求項10までのいずれか1つに記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記IV推定停止手段は、
前記燃料電池の出力電圧値の検出値が前記第1所定値以下になったか否かの判断を、前記燃料電池の出力電流を上昇させているときに実施する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から請求項11までのいずれか1つに記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記IV推定手段によるIV推定精度を確保するために、出力電流を変化させる際の出力電流の最低値を設定する最低値設定手段をさらに備え、
前記IV推定の実施中に、前記燃料電池の出力電流値が前記最低値を下回ると判断したときは、前記IV推定を停止する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項12に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記IV推定を停止したときは、前記負荷としてのバッテリを放電させた後に、再度前記IV推定を実施する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項12又は請求項13に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記最低値設定手段は、
前記燃料電池の暖機が進むほど、前記最低値を小さくする、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項12から請求項14までのいずれか1つに記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池の暖機時に、出力電流が所定の暖機用目標電流となるように、前記負荷への供給電力を調整して前記燃料電池を暖機させる暖機手段を備え、
出力電流を前記暖機用目標電流から上昇させた後、出力電流が低下するように前記負荷への供給電力を調整すると共に、
前記IV推定手段は、出力電流を低下させている間に検出された少なくとも2組の出力電流値及び出力電圧値に基づいて、前記燃料電池のIV特性を推定する、
燃料電池システム。 - アノードガス及びカソードガスを燃料電池に供給して、前記燃料電池に接続される負荷に応じて発電させる燃料電池システムの制御方法であって、
前記燃料電池の暖機時に、前記負荷への供給電力を調整して前記燃料電池の出力電流を所定幅変化させる電流制御ステップと、
変化させている間に検出される少なくとも2組の出力電流値及び出力電圧値に基づいて、前記燃料電池のIV特性を推定するIV推定ステップと、
前記IV推定ステップの実施中に、前記燃料電池の出力電圧値の検出値が第1所定値以下になったときは、前記IV推定ステップの実施を停止するIV推定停止ステップと、
を備える燃料電池システムの制御方法。
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