JP2014523652A - ウルトラコンデンサ用スチーム活性化非リグノセルロースベース炭素 - Google Patents
ウルトラコンデンサ用スチーム活性化非リグノセルロースベース炭素 Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000007833 carbon precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 8
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- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- -1 tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 2
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- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000198134 Agave sisalana Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000217377 Amblema plicata Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- 108010061711 Gliadin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940025131 amylases Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011530 conductive current collector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 108010050792 glutenin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011844 whole wheat flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/34—Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/44—Raw materials therefor, e.g. resins or coal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
初めに、コムギ粉を窒素流内において、700℃で2時間、炭化した。得られた炭素材料を、活性炭素を形成するため、700℃で2時間、スチーム源にさらした。スチーム活性化に続いて、活性炭素を、フォーミングガス内において、675℃で2時間、熱処理した。活性炭素を乾燥させ、粉砕して、微細粉末(〜10μm)にした。活性炭素の細孔径分布を図2に示す。この活性炭素の総細孔体積は0.177cm3/g、BET表面積は493m2/gであった。
スチーム活性化温度を700℃から800℃に高めたことを除いて、実施例1の実験を反復した。この活性炭素の細孔径分布を図3に示す。活性炭素の総細孔体積は0.284cm3/g、BET表面積は822m2/gであった。活性炭素電極の体積容量は53F/cm3であった。
スチーム活性化温度を700℃から800℃に高め、スチームにさらす時間を2時間から4時間に延ばしたことを除いて、実施例1の実験を再度反復した。さらに、スチーム活性化に続いて、活性炭素をフォーミングガス内において800℃で2時間、熱処理した。この活性炭素の細孔径分布を図4に示す。活性炭素の総細孔体積は0.504cm3/g、BET表面積は1269m2/gであった。活性炭素電極の体積容量は71F/cm3であった。このデータは、総細孔体積における10Åより小さい細孔の寄与分が少なくとも0.15cm3/gの活性炭素によって良好なエネルギー貯蔵能力が達成され得ることを示唆する。
スチームにさらす時間を4時間から6時間に延ばしたことを除いて、実施例3の実験を反復した。得られた体積容量は70F/cm3であった。
スチーム活性化温度を800℃から850℃に高めたことを除いて、実施例3の実験を再度反復した。得られた体積容量は69F/cm3であった。
120 炉
140 炭素材料
150,160 ハニカム基板
152,162 ハニカムチャネル
170 マニホールド
水源
Claims (10)
- 活性炭素材料を作製する方法において、
炭素材料の形成に有効な炭化温度において非リグノセルロース炭素前駆体を加熱する工程、及び
活性炭素材料の形成に有効な活性化温度において前記炭素材料をスチームと反応させる工程、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記非リグノセルロース炭素前駆体が、コムギ粉、クルミ粉、トウモロコシ粉、コーンスターチ、コーンミール、米粉、ジャガイモ粉、ビート、キビ、ダイズ、オオムギ及び綿からなる群から選ばれることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記炭化温度が約600℃から800℃の範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記加熱する工程が不活性雰囲気内で実施されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記加熱する工程が窒素雰囲気内で実施されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記活性炭素材料が、
≧0.3cm3/gの総合細孔体積を与える、≦1nmの径を有する細孔、及び
≧0.05cm3/gの総合細孔体積を与える、>1nmから≦2nmまでの径を有する細孔、
を含み、
>2nmの径を有する細孔の全ての総合細孔体積は<0.15cm3/gである、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記活性炭素材料が、
≧0.2cm3/gの総合細孔体積を与える、≦1nmの径を有する細孔、及び
≧0.1cm3/gの総合細孔体積を与える、>1nmから≦2nmまでの径を有する細孔、
を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記スチームと反応させる工程が、ハニカム基板の1本以上のチャネルに前記炭素材料を装填する工程及び前記炭素保持チャネルを通してスチームを流す工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 炭素ベース電極を作製する方法において、
炭素材料の形成に有効な温度において非リグノセルロース炭素前駆体を加熱する工程、
活性炭素材料を形成するために前記炭素材料をスチームと反応させる工程、及び
前記活性炭素材料から炭素ベース電極を形成する工程、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記炭素ベース電極を形成する前記工程が前記活性炭素材料をカーボンブラック及びPTFEの内の少なくとも1つと混合する工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/185,842 US8652995B2 (en) | 2011-07-19 | 2011-07-19 | Steam activated non-lignocellulosic based carbons for ultracapacitors |
US13/185,842 | 2011-07-19 | ||
PCT/US2012/043923 WO2013012521A1 (en) | 2011-07-19 | 2012-06-25 | Steam activated non-lignocellulosic based carbons for ultracapacitors |
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JP2016156222A Division JP2017022384A (ja) | 2011-07-19 | 2016-08-09 | ウルトラコンデンサ用スチーム活性化非リグノセルロースベース炭素 |
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JP2014523652A true JP2014523652A (ja) | 2014-09-11 |
JP2014523652A5 JP2014523652A5 (ja) | 2016-04-14 |
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JP2014521632A Pending JP2014523652A (ja) | 2011-07-19 | 2012-06-25 | ウルトラコンデンサ用スチーム活性化非リグノセルロースベース炭素 |
JP2016156222A Abandoned JP2017022384A (ja) | 2011-07-19 | 2016-08-09 | ウルトラコンデンサ用スチーム活性化非リグノセルロースベース炭素 |
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Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8652995B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2735007A1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP2014523652A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20140046466A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103718262A (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI582042B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013012521A1 (ja) |
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---|---|---|---|---|
US9108852B1 (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2015-08-18 | Corning Incorporated | Amorphous activated carbon materials and methods for producing the same |
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EP2735007A1 (en) | 2014-05-28 |
TWI582042B (zh) | 2017-05-11 |
CN103718262A (zh) | 2014-04-09 |
JP2017022384A (ja) | 2017-01-26 |
WO2013012521A1 (en) | 2013-01-24 |
US8652995B2 (en) | 2014-02-18 |
US20130022532A1 (en) | 2013-01-24 |
TW201305050A (zh) | 2013-02-01 |
KR20140046466A (ko) | 2014-04-18 |
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