JP2014171944A - Continuous fixed-bed catalyst reaction apparatus, and catalyst reaction method using the same - Google Patents

Continuous fixed-bed catalyst reaction apparatus, and catalyst reaction method using the same Download PDF

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JP2014171944A
JP2014171944A JP2013045657A JP2013045657A JP2014171944A JP 2014171944 A JP2014171944 A JP 2014171944A JP 2013045657 A JP2013045657 A JP 2013045657A JP 2013045657 A JP2013045657 A JP 2013045657A JP 2014171944 A JP2014171944 A JP 2014171944A
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catalyst
cleaning body
gas
reaction vessel
reaction
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JP6045404B2 (en
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Nobuaki Ito
信明 伊藤
Kimihito Suzuki
公仁 鈴木
Kenichiro Fujimoto
健一郎 藤本
Kenji Nakao
憲治 中尾
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JFE Steel Corp
Kobe Steel Ltd
Nippon Steel Corp
Nippon Steel Nisshin Co Ltd
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Kobe Steel Ltd
Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corp
Nisshin Steel Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a continuous fixed-bed catalyst reaction apparatus having an effective means for removing solid products formed and accumulated within a large-sized fixed-bed catalyst layer.SOLUTION: A continuous fixed-bed catalyst reaction apparatus 10 that has an inflow channel 31 for a raw material gas for catalyst reaction and an outflow channel 32 for a reformed gas, and a catalyst reaction vessel 11 connected to the inflow channel 31 and the outflow channel 32 and accommodating a catalyst 13, and in which there are provided with a columnar shape catalyst 13, a retaining plate 12 holding erect the plurality of columnar shape catalysts 13, a cleaning body 17 placed in a space between adjacent columnar shape catalysts 13, and a drive mechanism 20 for reciprocatory moving either one of the columnar shape catalyst 13 and the cleaning body 17 or both so that reciprocatory motions are created between the columnar shape catalyst 13 and the cleaning body 17 within the catalyst reaction vessel 11.

Description

本発明は、触媒を用いた流体の化学反応を行うための反応容器及びこれを用いた触媒反応方法の技術に関する。   The present invention relates to a reaction vessel for performing a chemical reaction of a fluid using a catalyst and a technique of a catalytic reaction method using the same.

触媒を充填した固定床触媒反応容器を用いた流体の化学反応において、触媒反応によって固体等の析出物を生成する場合には、しばしば、触媒層中の触媒間の空間にこの固体析出物が堆積して触媒層を閉塞させ、通気できなくなる問題が発生する。   In a chemical reaction of a fluid using a fixed bed catalytic reaction vessel filled with a catalyst, when a solid precipitate is generated by the catalytic reaction, the solid precipitate often accumulates in a space between the catalysts in the catalyst layer. As a result, there is a problem that the catalyst layer is blocked and cannot be vented.

例えば、特許文献1(特開2010−77219号公報)においては、水素・二酸化炭素・水蒸気・タール含有ガスを、固定床触媒反応装置において、ニッケル・セリウム・アルミニウムを含む触媒に接触させてタールガスの改質を行う技術が開示されており、この技術においては、改質中に触媒表面に固体炭素が析出し、これを除去するために水蒸気または空気を前記炭素に接触させる再生処理の必要なことが記載されている。   For example, in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-77219), hydrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and a tar-containing gas are brought into contact with a catalyst containing nickel, cerium, and aluminum in a fixed bed catalytic reaction apparatus. A technique for reforming is disclosed. In this technique, solid carbon is deposited on the surface of the catalyst during the reforming, and in order to remove it, it is necessary to perform a regeneration treatment in which water vapor or air is brought into contact with the carbon. Is described.

また、特許文献1には、移動床形式および流動床形式の触媒反応容器の使用も例示されている。これらの方式では触媒表面に析出した炭素を反応作業中に除去しうる。しかし、このような反応容器は、固定床触媒反応容器に比べて装置が複雑化することや、流動床形式の場合には操業も不安定になりやすいので、特に、高温・高圧・高腐食性流体を処理するための反応容器としては一般的ではない。   Patent Document 1 also exemplifies the use of moving bed type and fluidized bed type catalytic reaction vessels. In these systems, carbon deposited on the catalyst surface can be removed during the reaction operation. However, such a reaction vessel is more complicated than the fixed bed catalyst reaction vessel, and in the case of a fluidized bed type, the operation tends to become unstable. It is not common as a reaction vessel for processing a fluid.

一方、移動床形式および流動床形式の触媒反応容器における上記のような問題がない固定床反応容器では、通常、触媒層を挟んだ両側に空間を設け、一方の空間から他方に流体を流通させて反応させる。触媒層の両側に空間を形成するためには、触媒の保持機構が必要であり、触媒保持機構の代表例は特許文献2(特開2011−6289号公報)に記載されているが、触媒径よりも小さな孔径を有するパンチングメタル板や網を用いて触媒の保持と通気を確保している。図8にその例を示すが、触媒反応容器1の内部に触媒2が収容されており、触媒の保持はパンチングメタル板や網3によって行われている。図1において、原料ガス4は流入口5から流入し、流出口6から改質ガス7として流出する。   On the other hand, in a fixed bed reaction vessel that does not have the above-mentioned problems in moving bed type and fluidized bed type catalyst reaction vessels, spaces are usually provided on both sides of the catalyst layer, and fluid is circulated from one space to the other. To react. In order to form a space on both sides of the catalyst layer, a catalyst holding mechanism is necessary. A typical example of the catalyst holding mechanism is described in Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-6289). The catalyst is held and ventilated by using a punching metal plate or net having a smaller hole diameter. An example is shown in FIG. 8, in which the catalyst 2 is accommodated in the catalyst reaction vessel 1, and the catalyst is held by a punching metal plate or a net 3. In FIG. 1, the raw material gas 4 flows in from the inlet 5 and flows out as the reformed gas 7 from the outlet 6.

反応中の固体析出物の堆積による触媒層の閉塞を防止する手段として、例えば特許文献2には、2つの触媒層の間をガスが通気する自由空間において、第1の触媒層から流出したガス中の粉塵を補足することによって第2の触媒層での閉塞を防ぐ技術が記載されている。しかしこの場合には、触媒層内部で生成し、触媒間の空間で触媒に付着・堆積する粉塵による触媒層の閉塞を防止することはできない。   As a means for preventing clogging of the catalyst layer due to the deposition of solid precipitates during the reaction, for example, Patent Document 2 discloses a gas flowing out from the first catalyst layer in a free space in which a gas passes between the two catalyst layers. A technique for preventing clogging in the second catalyst layer by supplementing the dust inside is described. However, in this case, it is impossible to prevent clogging of the catalyst layer due to dust generated inside the catalyst layer and adhering to and depositing on the catalyst in the space between the catalysts.

特許文献3(特開2009−48797号公報)には、燃料電池用のセル内の触媒層に超音波を照射することによって、触媒上で発生した水を流出・除去する技術が記載されている。超音波は、自由空間中や粒体層・粉体層中での減衰が大きいので、照射源近傍にしか作用できない。このため、燃料電池用セル内の触媒層のように比較的小型のものには有効であるが、大量の流体を処理する大型の触媒層では、超音波によって触媒層全体を振動させることは困難である。   Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-48797) describes a technique for flowing out and removing water generated on a catalyst by irradiating the catalyst layer in the cell for the fuel cell with ultrasonic waves. . Ultrasonic waves can act only in the vicinity of the irradiation source because they are greatly attenuated in free space and in the granular layer and powder layer. For this reason, it is effective for a relatively small catalyst layer such as a catalyst layer in a fuel cell, but it is difficult to vibrate the entire catalyst layer by ultrasonic waves in a large catalyst layer that processes a large amount of fluid. It is.

特許文献4(特開2008−120604号公報)には、炭化水素の水蒸気改質を低温で実施することによりコーキングを抑制する技術が記載されている。しかし、触媒反応には触媒耐久性および反応速度上の観点から最適な反応温度条件が存在し、コーキングによる触媒層の閉塞は、この最適条件において発生している。そのため、触媒反応温度を低下させてしまうと、反応の最適条件ではなくなるので、触媒性能が低下する問題がある。   Patent Document 4 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-120604) describes a technique for suppressing coking by performing steam reforming of hydrocarbons at a low temperature. However, there are optimum reaction temperature conditions for the catalytic reaction from the viewpoint of catalyst durability and reaction rate, and clogging of the catalyst layer due to coking occurs under these optimum conditions. For this reason, if the catalyst reaction temperature is lowered, the optimum conditions for the reaction are lost, and there is a problem that the catalyst performance is lowered.

特許文献5(特開平8−24622号公報)には、従来技術として、移動床触媒反応容器における堆積ダストによる触媒層の部分閉塞を槌打装置やバイブレータによって除去することが記載されている。この場合には、槌打やバイブレーションによって、触媒の充填率が上昇して触媒間の空間が狭まり、触媒の流動性がかえって悪化する問題がある。   Patent Document 5 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-24622) describes, as a conventional technique, removing a partial blockage of a catalyst layer due to accumulated dust in a moving bed catalyst reaction vessel with a striking device or a vibrator. In this case, there is a problem that the packing ratio of the catalyst increases due to beating or vibration, the space between the catalysts is narrowed, and the fluidity of the catalyst is deteriorated.

非特許文献1には、特殊な固定床触媒反応容器として、平行流式、モノリス式、管壁式等が記載されている。これらはいずれも、触媒反応容器内に触媒層と、触媒層に囲まれた専用の気流路を設けることによって、触媒反応容器内の通気抵抗の低減を図っている。簡単に言うと、平行流式では、網などで両端を保持した通常の触媒層を平行に複数並べ、触媒層間の空間を専用気流路とする。モノリス式では、ハニカム構造等の構造物の表面に触媒を担持し、ハニカム構造の孔を専用気流路とする。管壁式では、管路内を専用気流路とし、管内面に触媒を担持する。   Non-Patent Document 1 describes a parallel flow type, a monolith type, a tube wall type, and the like as special fixed bed catalyst reaction vessels. In any of these, a catalyst layer and a dedicated air flow passage surrounded by the catalyst layer are provided in the catalyst reaction vessel, thereby reducing the ventilation resistance in the catalyst reaction vessel. In brief, in the parallel flow type, a plurality of ordinary catalyst layers holding both ends with a mesh or the like are arranged in parallel, and the space between the catalyst layers is used as a dedicated air flow path. In the monolith type, a catalyst is supported on the surface of a structure such as a honeycomb structure, and the holes in the honeycomb structure are used as dedicated air flow paths. In the pipe wall type, the inside of the pipe line is a dedicated air flow path, and the catalyst is supported on the pipe inner surface.

専用の気流路を設けた場合、触媒反応によって固体生成物が生じると、専用気流路を構成する触媒表面に固体生成物が堆積して専用気流路の流路幅が狭まり、閉塞を生じることがある。あるいは、気流路の閉塞を生じない場合でも、専用気流路を構成する触媒表面に堆積した固体生成物によって専用気流路と触媒層間の流体の交換が阻まれるので、原料ガスが活性を保持した触媒と接触することなく流出して触媒反応効率が著しく減少してしまうという「吹き抜け」現象を生じる。あるいは、モノリス式のように反応容器内に専用気流路が複数存在し、各専用気流路が互いに孤立(即ち、隣接する気流路間での物質交換およびこれに伴う熱交換の抑制された状態)しており、反応容器の奥深い部位での専用気流路内では外部から熱供給を行えない気流路を設けた反応容器において、触媒反応が強い吸熱反応の場合には、上流側の反応によって下流では流体温度が大きく低下して反応可能温度以下となり、反応効率が極端に低下してしまう。逆に触媒反応が強い発熱反応の場合には、反応容器の奥深い部位では発生した熱量を反応容器を通じて外部に放出できないので、下流では流体温度が過度に上昇して触媒を失活させたり、触媒反応容器を焼損することがある。   In the case where a dedicated air flow path is provided, if a solid product is generated by a catalytic reaction, the solid product may accumulate on the surface of the catalyst constituting the dedicated air flow path and the flow width of the dedicated air flow path may be narrowed, resulting in blockage. is there. Alternatively, even if the air flow path is not blocked, the exchange of fluid between the dedicated air flow path and the catalyst layer is hindered by the solid product deposited on the catalyst surface constituting the dedicated air flow path. This causes a “blown-out” phenomenon in which the catalyst reaction efficiency is remarkably reduced without coming into contact with the catalyst. Alternatively, there are a plurality of dedicated air flow paths in the reaction vessel as in the monolith type, and each dedicated air flow path is isolated from each other (that is, a state in which material exchange between adjacent air flow paths and heat exchange associated therewith is suppressed). In the reaction vessel provided with an air channel that cannot supply heat from outside in the dedicated gas channel in the deep part of the reaction vessel, in the case of endothermic reaction with strong catalytic reaction, The fluid temperature is greatly reduced to be below the reaction possible temperature, and the reaction efficiency is extremely lowered. On the other hand, in the case of an exothermic reaction with a strong catalytic reaction, the amount of heat generated in the deep part of the reaction vessel cannot be released to the outside through the reaction vessel, so that the fluid temperature rises excessively downstream and deactivates the catalyst. The reaction vessel may be burned out.

さらに、モノリス式の場合、一般に複雑な形状で大型となるモノリス全体を、触媒を担持するための担体、または、触媒自身の単一構造物として成形する必要があるため、触媒製造技術上、適用できる触媒設計(構造)が比較的単純なもの(例えば、単一化学成分種の触媒を担体表面に均一塗布する等)に限られるという問題がある。このため、例えば、タール改質触媒のように、表面が複数の異なる化学種成分の区画に微細に分割されて各化学種成分が互いに協調して触媒効果を発揮するような複雑な設計(構造)の触媒にモノリス式を適用することは、著しく困難であり、可能だとしても極めて高価なものになる。   Furthermore, in the case of the monolith type, it is necessary to form the entire monolith having a large shape with a complicated shape as a carrier for supporting the catalyst or a single structure of the catalyst itself. There is a problem that the catalyst design (structure) that can be produced is limited to a relatively simple one (for example, a catalyst of a single chemical component species is uniformly applied to the support surface). For this reason, for example, such as a tar reforming catalyst, a complicated design (structure) in which the surface is finely divided into a plurality of different chemical species component compartments, and each chemical species component cooperates with each other to exert a catalytic effect. It is extremely difficult to apply the monolithic type to the catalyst of), and it is extremely expensive if possible.

特開2010−77219号公報JP 2010-77219 A 特開2011−6289号公報JP 2011-6289 A 特開2009−48797号公報JP 2009-48797 A 特開2008−120604号公報JP 2008-120604 A 特開平8−24622号公報JP-A-8-24622

触媒学会編:触媒講座第6巻(工学編2)触媒反応装置とその設計,講談社(東京),1985,pp.100−169Catalytic Society: Catalyst Course Vol. 6 (Engineering 2) Catalytic reactor and its design, Kodansha (Tokyo), 1985, pp. 100-169

このように、従来技術では大型の固定床触媒層内で生成・堆積する固体生成物を有効に除去する手段がなかった。本発明の目的は、大型の固定床触媒層内で生成・堆積する固体生成物の除去に有効な手段を備えた連続式固定床触媒反応装置と、これを用いて原料ガス、特にタール含有原料ガスを、高効率に改質する触媒反応方法を提供することである。   As described above, in the prior art, there is no means for effectively removing the solid product generated and deposited in the large fixed bed catalyst layer. An object of the present invention is to provide a continuous fixed bed catalytic reactor equipped with a means effective for removing a solid product produced and deposited in a large fixed bed catalyst layer, and a raw material gas, particularly a tar-containing raw material using the same. To provide a catalytic reaction method for reforming a gas with high efficiency.

上記課題を解決するために、本発明者の研究の結果、以下の解決方法を発明するに至った。   In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the following solutions have been invented as a result of the inventor's research.

[1] 触媒反応用の原料ガスの流入路及び改質ガスの流出路と、流入路及び流出路に接続され、かつ触媒を収容する触媒反応容器とを有する連続式固定床触媒反応装置であって、
円柱状の触媒と、
複数の円柱状の触媒を立設する保持板と、
隣り合う円柱状の触媒間の空間内に配置される清掃体17と、
触媒反応容器内において前記円柱状の触媒と前記清掃体17との間で相対運動を生じるように、前記円柱状の触媒と前記清掃体17のいずれかまたは両方を、往復運動させるための駆動機構と、
を具備することを特徴とする、連続式固定床触媒反応装置。
[2] 前記円柱状の触媒と前記清掃体17との間で相対運動の方向が、ガス主流方向であることを特徴とする、[1]に記載の連続式固定床触媒反応装置。
[3] 前記触媒反応容器内において前記円柱状の触媒間に溜まった滞留物が落下除去されるための通路の方向がガス主流方向であることを特徴とする、[2]に記載の連続式固定床触媒反応装置。
[4] 前記ガス主流方向が略鉛直方向であり、
前記清掃体17が反応容器によって鉛直方向の可動性を拘束される清掃体17であり、
前記保持板が前記円柱状の触媒を略水平方向に保持する保持板であり、
前記駆動装置が前記保持板に接続して前記保持板を略鉛直方向に昇降させる駆動装置であることを特徴とする[3]に記載の連続式固定床触媒反応装置。
[5] 前記円柱状の触媒が複数の触媒をそれらの可動性を損なわずに貫通する中心棒から構成される触媒連であることを特徴とする、[1]から[4]のいずれか1項に記載の連続式固定床触媒反応装置。
[6] 前記触媒反応用流体が炭化水素を含有するガスであり、触媒反応による生成物がガスと固体の炭化水素または固体のカーボンとであることを特徴とする、[1]から[5]のいずれか1項に記載の連続式固定床触媒反応装置。
[7] 前記触媒反応用流体がタールを含有するガスであることを特徴とする、[6]に記載の連続式固定床触媒反応装置。
[8] 前記触媒が、ニッケル、マグネシウム、セリウム、アルミニウムを含む複合酸化物であって、アルミナを含まない複合酸化物からなる触媒であり、前記複合酸化物が、NiMgO、MgAl24、CeO2の結晶相からなることを特徴とする、[1]から[7]のいずれか1項に記載の連続式固定床触媒反応装置。
[9] [1]から[8]のいずれか1項に記載の連続式固定床触媒反応装置を用いて、触媒反応を行うことを特徴とする、連続式固定床触媒反応方法。
以下、簡単のために、固体炭化水素(コークともよぶ)及び固体のカ-ボンを単に「カーボン」または「固体カーボン」とよぶことにする。
[1] A continuous fixed bed catalytic reactor having a source gas inflow path and a reformed gas outflow path for a catalytic reaction, and a catalyst reaction vessel connected to the inflow path and the outflow path and containing a catalyst. And
A cylindrical catalyst,
A holding plate for erecting a plurality of cylindrical catalysts;
A cleaning body 17 disposed in a space between adjacent cylindrical catalysts;
A drive mechanism for reciprocating either or both of the columnar catalyst and the cleaning body 17 so as to cause a relative motion between the columnar catalyst and the cleaning body 17 in a catalyst reaction vessel. When,
A continuous fixed-bed catalytic reactor characterized by comprising:
[2] The continuous fixed bed catalytic reactor according to [1], wherein the direction of relative motion between the columnar catalyst and the cleaning body 17 is a gas mainstream direction.
[3] The continuous type according to [2], wherein the direction of the passage for dropping and removing the accumulated matter accumulated between the columnar catalysts in the catalyst reaction vessel is a gas main flow direction. Fixed bed catalytic reactor.
[4] The gas main flow direction is a substantially vertical direction,
The cleaning body 17 is a cleaning body 17 whose vertical mobility is restrained by a reaction container,
The holding plate is a holding plate for holding the columnar catalyst in a substantially horizontal direction;
The continuous fixed bed catalytic reactor according to [3], wherein the driving device is a driving device that is connected to the holding plate and moves the holding plate up and down in a substantially vertical direction.
[5] Any one of [1] to [4], wherein the columnar catalyst is a catalyst chain composed of a center rod that penetrates a plurality of catalysts without impairing their mobility. The continuous fixed-bed catalytic reactor according to item 2.
[6] The catalytic reaction fluid is a gas containing a hydrocarbon, and the product of the catalytic reaction is a gas and solid hydrocarbon or solid carbon, [1] to [5] The continuous fixed bed catalytic reactor according to any one of the above.
[7] The continuous fixed bed catalytic reactor according to [6], wherein the catalytic reaction fluid is a gas containing tar.
[8] The catalyst is a composite oxide including nickel, magnesium, cerium, and aluminum, and including a composite oxide not including alumina, and the composite oxide includes NiMgO, MgAl 2 O 4 , and CeO. The continuous fixed bed catalytic reactor according to any one of [1] to [7], comprising two crystal phases.
[9] A continuous fixed-bed catalytic reaction method, wherein the catalytic reaction is performed using the continuous fixed-bed catalytic reactor according to any one of [1] to [8].
Hereinafter, for the sake of simplicity, the solid hydrocarbon (also referred to as coke) and the solid carbon are simply referred to as “carbon” or “solid carbon”.

ここで、本発明者が本発明に到達した経緯を説明すると、次のとおりである。
本発明者らの調査の結果、固定床触媒層中の触媒間に生成固体カーボンの堆積する機構は次のとおりであることがわかった。
Here, the background of the inventor's arrival at the present invention will be described as follows.
As a result of the inventors' investigation, it has been found that the mechanism for depositing the generated solid carbon between the catalysts in the fixed bed catalyst layer is as follows.

(1)固定床触媒層中の隣り合う複数の触媒で形成される触媒間空間において、主流の上流側の隙間から原料ガス(一部改質済み)が流入し、主流の下流側の隙間から改質されたガス(一部は残留した原料ガス)が改質ガスとして流出する。   (1) In the inter-catalyst space formed by a plurality of adjacent catalysts in the fixed bed catalyst layer, the raw material gas (partially reformed) flows from the gap on the upstream side of the mainstream, and from the gap on the downstream side of the mainstream The reformed gas (a part of the remaining raw material gas) flows out as the reformed gas.

(2)触媒間空間に供給された原料ガスが触媒反応によって改質される際、触媒表面で生成した固体カーボンの一部が触媒表面に付着する。   (2) When the raw material gas supplied to the inter-catalyst space is reformed by a catalytic reaction, a part of the solid carbon generated on the catalyst surface adheres to the catalyst surface.

(3)触媒間空間に供給された原料ガスが触媒反応によって改質される際、触媒表面で生成し、気流によって触媒表面から離脱した固体カーボン微粒子は、上記の既に触媒表面に付着した固体カーボン上に付着して、触媒表面で直径数十μmから約1mmのカーボン球が成長する。   (3) When the raw material gas supplied to the inter-catalyst space is reformed by a catalytic reaction, the solid carbon fine particles generated on the catalyst surface and separated from the catalyst surface by the air flow are solid carbon particles already attached to the catalyst surface. A carbon sphere having a diameter of several tens μm to about 1 mm grows on the catalyst surface.

(4)上記のカーボン球は、時に触媒表面から離脱し、既に存在する他のカーボン球の上に再付着するなどして、触媒表面に多層のカーボン球から構成される厚みが数mmにもおよぶ固体カーボンの堆積層が形成される。   (4) The above-mentioned carbon spheres are sometimes detached from the catalyst surface and reattached on other carbon spheres already present, so that the thickness composed of multi-layer carbon spheres on the catalyst surface is several millimeters. A deposited layer of solid carbon is formed.

(5)この固体カーボン堆積層は実質的に多孔質であるので、高速のガスが通気する際には大きな圧力損失を生じる。   (5) Since this solid carbon deposition layer is substantially porous, a large pressure loss occurs when high-speed gas flows.

(6)特定の触媒間空間での通気抵抗が過大となれば、主流は、他のより通気抵抗の低い触媒間空間を優先的に通気するようになる。但し、固体カーボン堆積層が多孔質であるため、固体カーボンの堆積によって通気抵抗が過大になった空間においても、触媒間空間へのガスの流れが完全に遮断されるわけではなく、触媒表面には低流量で原料ガスが供給され続ける。この結果、触媒表面でのガス改質による固体カーボンの成長は常に進行し続ける(但し、触媒表面での露出面積は減少するので、改質速度は初期に比べて大幅に低下する)。   (6) If the ventilation resistance in a specific inter-catalyst space becomes excessive, the mainstream preferentially ventilates other inter-catalyst spaces having lower ventilation resistance. However, since the solid carbon deposition layer is porous, the gas flow to the inter-catalyst space is not completely blocked even in a space where the ventilation resistance is excessive due to the deposition of the solid carbon. The material gas continues to be supplied at a low flow rate. As a result, the growth of solid carbon by gas reforming on the catalyst surface always proceeds (however, since the exposed area on the catalyst surface decreases, the reforming rate is greatly reduced compared to the initial stage).

(7)触媒層中の大半の触媒間空間において固体カーボンの堆積が進むと触媒層全体としての圧力損失が過大となり、「閉塞状態」が生じる(触媒反応容器では所与の流量で原料ガスを処理しなければならず、この所与のガス流量時にいずれの触媒間空間を通気しても圧力損失が反応装置の許容値(ガス搬送能力や容器の強度等によって定まる)を超えることが避けられない状態で触媒層は実質的な「閉塞」となる)。   (7) When solid carbon deposits in most of the inter-catalyst space in the catalyst layer, the pressure loss of the entire catalyst layer becomes excessive and a “clogged state” occurs (in the catalyst reaction vessel, the raw material gas is supplied at a given flow rate). No matter which catalyst space is vented at this given gas flow rate, the pressure loss can be prevented from exceeding the allowable value of the reactor (determined by gas transfer capacity, vessel strength, etc.). In the absence, the catalyst layer is substantially “clogged”).

水素・二酸化炭素・水蒸気・タール含有ガスの改質反応を行い、閉塞を生じた固定床触媒反応容器の触媒表面から固体カーボン堆積層を単独で取り出し、容器の中に入れて軽くシェイクする様な機械的外力を加えると、構成単位であるカーボン球の境界で容易に分離し、粉化した。このような固体カーボンの堆積により閉塞を生じた触媒層から固体カーボンを除去するために、本発明者らは、種々の対策を試みた。   A reforming reaction of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and tar-containing gas is performed, and the solid carbon deposit layer is taken out from the catalyst surface of the fixed bed catalytic reactor that has become clogged, and it is placed in the container and shaken lightly. When mechanical external force was applied, it was easily separated and pulverized at the boundaries of the carbon spheres as the constituent units. In order to remove the solid carbon from the catalyst layer clogged by such solid carbon deposition, the present inventors have tried various measures.

第1の対策として、触媒層外部からのブローによる触媒層の逆洗を試みた。詳しく言えば、反応容器内に触媒層の下流側に窒素ガス供給配管を設け、触媒層に対して高速窒素流を噴射して、触媒層の逆洗を試みた。逆洗は、粉塵除去用のフィルタの閉塞時の対策として一般に用いられる手法である。   As a first countermeasure, an attempt was made to backwash the catalyst layer by blowing from the outside of the catalyst layer. More specifically, a nitrogen gas supply pipe was provided in the reaction vessel on the downstream side of the catalyst layer, and a high-speed nitrogen flow was jetted onto the catalyst layer to attempt backwashing of the catalyst layer. Backwashing is a technique that is generally used as a countermeasure when a filter for removing dust is blocked.

結果として、一部の固体カーボンは除去されたが、触媒層の圧力損失の変化は軽微であり、閉塞を解消する効果はなかった。その理由としては、次のことが考えられる。   As a result, a part of the solid carbon was removed, but the change in the pressure loss of the catalyst layer was slight, and there was no effect of eliminating the blockage. The reason is considered as follows.

1)フィルタの場合、上流からフィルタ内に流入した粉塵粒のうち、フィルタの目開きよりも大きいものをその場で捕集する。フィルタは、通常、上流ほど目開きが大きい。従って、フィルタの閉塞部に対して主流の下流側から高速流を供給して逆洗を行う場合、捕集された粉塵粒のうちフィルタの目から離脱したものは、高速気流に搬送されて主流の上流側に進行する際、より大きな目開きを通過するので、メッシュに再捕集されることは少なく、フィルタ外に排出できる。   1) In the case of a filter, dust particles larger than the opening of the filter among dust particles flowing into the filter from upstream are collected on the spot. The filter usually has a larger opening toward the upstream. Accordingly, when backwashing is performed by supplying a high-speed flow from the downstream side of the main flow to the filter block, the collected dust particles separated from the filter eyes are transferred to the high-speed air flow and flowed into the main flow. When traveling to the upstream side of the filter, it passes through a larger mesh, so it is less likely to be collected again by the mesh and can be discharged out of the filter.

一方、本発明が対象とする触媒反応副生物である固体カーボンなどの堆積層は、主流の上流から流入するのではなく、触媒間空間中で、ガスを原料として生成する。このため、堆積カーボンの大きさが触媒間空間の流出入の隙間よりも小さいとは限らないので、そのままでは触媒間空間から流出できない堆積カーボンが多量に存在する。   On the other hand, a deposited layer of solid carbon or the like, which is a by-product of the catalytic reaction of the present invention, does not flow from the upstream of the main stream, but generates gas as a raw material in the space between the catalysts. For this reason, the size of the deposited carbon is not necessarily smaller than the gap between the inflow and the outflow of the intercatalyst space, and there is a large amount of the deposited carbon that cannot flow out from the intercatalyst space as it is.

カーボン堆積層を破壊して微粉化すれば触媒間空間から流出できる可能性がある。しかし、気流が堆積カーボンに与える応力は一般に小さいので(触媒層全体に大きい気圧差を与えても、触媒層中で触媒は、通常多数の層で積載されているいので、個々の触媒間空間の入側−出側気圧差は微小となり、大きな応力を堆積カーボンに与えることはできない)、堆積カーボン層を破壊することはできない。   If the carbon deposit layer is destroyed and pulverized, there is a possibility that it can flow out from the space between the catalysts. However, since the stress exerted on the deposited carbon by the airflow is generally small (even if a large pressure difference is given to the entire catalyst layer, the catalyst is usually loaded in a large number of layers in the catalyst layer. The difference between the pressure on the inlet side and the outlet side becomes very small and a large stress cannot be applied to the deposited carbon), and the deposited carbon layer cannot be destroyed.

2)一部のカーボンを除去した時点で、カーボン除去の結果として通気抵抗の小さくなった少数の触媒間空間を連ねた狭い流路が触媒層の中に新たに形成され、主流の大半はこの流路に集中して流れる。この際、新たに形成された流路以外の触媒間空間には気流はほとんど通過しないので、これ以上カーボンが除去されることはない。このため、主流が通過する狭い流路で流速が上昇して大きな圧力損失が生じるので、閉塞状態はあまり改善されない。このように形成された新たな流路も、流路内で新たなカーボンが生成・堆積することよって急速に再閉塞していくので、逆洗の効果は短時間とならざるをえない。その一方、早期に失活を生じた触媒によって構成される(囲まれる)触媒間空間ではこのような触媒間空間の再閉塞を生じない。しかし、そもそも、主流が失活した触媒のみと接触して触媒層を通過するのであれば、ガスの改質を行えないので、触媒反応容器としての性能を発揮できない。   2) When a part of the carbon is removed, a narrow channel that connects a small number of inter-catalyst spaces with reduced ventilation resistance as a result of carbon removal is newly formed in the catalyst layer. Concentrates in the flow path. At this time, since the air flow hardly passes through the space between the catalyst other than the newly formed flow path, no more carbon is removed. For this reason, since the flow velocity increases in a narrow flow path through which the main flow passes and a large pressure loss occurs, the closed state is not improved so much. Since the new flow path formed in this way is re-closed rapidly as new carbon is generated and deposited in the flow path, the effect of backwashing must be short. On the other hand, such inter-catalyst space re-occlusion does not occur in the inter-catalyst space constituted (enclosed) by the catalyst that has deactivated early. However, in the first place, if the main stream comes into contact with only the deactivated catalyst and passes through the catalyst layer, the gas cannot be reformed, so that the performance as a catalyst reaction vessel cannot be exhibited.

これらから、次のように結論することができる。
すなわち、一般に、閉塞を生じた触媒層においては、
[個々の堆積カーボンの大きさ]>[当該触媒間空間の隙間]
の状態となっており、
[個々の堆積カーボンの大きさ]<[当該触媒間空間の隙間]
としない限り、触媒層からカーボンを大量に除去することはできず、触媒層外部からのブローによる触媒層の逆洗はこれに有効ではない。
From these, we can conclude as follows.
That is, in general, in a catalyst layer that has clogged,
[Size of individual deposited carbon]> [Gap in the space between the catalysts]
It is in the state of
[Size of individual deposited carbon] <[Gap in the space between the catalysts]
Unless this is true, a large amount of carbon cannot be removed from the catalyst layer, and backwashing of the catalyst layer by blowing from the outside of the catalyst layer is not effective for this.

そこで次に、第2の対策として、反応容器外面を槌打して、堆積カーボン層の破壊、または触媒間空間の拡大を試みた。   Therefore, as a second countermeasure, the outer surface of the reaction vessel was beaten to try to destroy the deposited carbon layer or expand the space between the catalysts.

結果として、最初の閉塞発生後に槌打(第1回目の槌打)すると、一部の堆積カーボンを除去でき、圧力損失も半分程度に減少し、一定の効果が見られた。この後、再閉塞発生後に再び槌打(第2回目の槌打)すると、堆積カーボンの除去は微小であり、圧力損失の変化はなく、閉塞を回避することはできなかった。すなわち、反応容器外面の槌打は、2回目以降は堆積カーボンの除去に有効でないことがわかった。その理由としては、次のことが考えられる。   As a result, when striking after the first occurrence of clogging (the first striking), a part of the deposited carbon could be removed, the pressure loss was reduced to about half, and a certain effect was seen. Thereafter, when striking again after the occurrence of re-occlusion (second striking), removal of the deposited carbon was minute, there was no change in pressure loss, and clogging could not be avoided. That is, it was found that the strike on the outer surface of the reaction vessel was not effective for removing the deposited carbon after the second time. The reason is considered as follows.

1)通常、触媒を反応容器内に積層する際には上部から単純に落下させるので、触媒層における触媒は最密充填状態にはない。ここに、第1回目の槌打を加えると、振動によって触媒が最密充填あるいはそれに近い状態になる(簡単にするために、以下ではこれを「最密重点化」と称することにする)。最密充填化の過程で触媒間の相対位置は、合計で触媒代表長さの30%程度の大きさで移動する。この相対位置の移動時(即ち、触媒間相対運動)に、一部の堆積カーボンが触媒との接触応力によって破壊されて小型化するとともに、触媒間の間隔が一時的に広がる瞬間を生じるので、
[個々の堆積カーボンの大きさ]<[当該触媒間空間の隙間]
の関係が実現されて触媒層中を落下し、遂には触媒層から除去された。
1) Normally, when the catalyst is stacked in the reaction vessel, it is simply dropped from the top, so that the catalyst in the catalyst layer is not in the closest packing state. When the first strike is added here, the catalyst is in a state of close packing or close to that by vibration (for the sake of simplicity, this will be referred to as “closest emphasis” hereinafter). In the process of close-packing, the relative position between the catalysts moves by a total of about 30% of the catalyst representative length. At the time of movement of this relative position (that is, relative movement between the catalysts), a part of the deposited carbon is destroyed by contact stress with the catalyst and is reduced in size, and the moment between the catalysts is temporarily expanded,
[Size of individual deposited carbon] <[Gap in the space between the catalysts]
The above relationship was realized, and it dropped in the catalyst layer and was finally removed from the catalyst layer.

2)一方、第1回の槌打終了後に触媒層は最密充填化されているので、第2回目以降の槌打を行っても触媒間の相対位置はほとんど変化せず、堆積カーボンの破壊や触媒間の間隔の広がりは生じない。このため、第2回目以降の槌打では堆積カーボンの除去の効果が認められなかった。   2) On the other hand, since the catalyst layer is closely packed after the first strike, the relative position between the catalysts hardly changes even after the second and subsequent strikes, and the deposited carbon is destroyed. Further, there is no widening of the interval between the catalysts. For this reason, the effect of removing the deposited carbon was not recognized in the second and subsequent strikes.

これらから、次のように結論することができる。
すなわち、1回限りの閉塞解消効果では、多くの場合、触媒反応容器における所要処理継続時間を満足できないので、反応容器外面の槌打は堆積カーボンの継続的な除去のためには不十分である。触媒層から堆積カーボンを継続的に除去するためには、
[個々の堆積カーボンの大きさ]<[当該触媒間空間の隙間]
とした後に、触媒層の最密充填状態を解消する手段が必要である。
From these, we can conclude as follows.
That is, in many cases, the one-time clogging relieving effect cannot satisfy the required processing duration in the catalytic reaction vessel, so that the strike on the outer surface of the reaction vessel is insufficient for the continuous removal of the deposited carbon. . In order to continuously remove deposited carbon from the catalyst layer,
[Size of individual deposited carbon] <[Gap in the space between the catalysts]
After that, a means for eliminating the closest packing state of the catalyst layer is required.

前述の結論を踏まえ、第3の対策として、内部に貫通孔を有する複数の触媒を用いて個々の触媒を中心棒で貫いて一列に整列させたものとして定義する「触媒連」を用い、複数の触媒連を、間隔をあけて配列して形成したものとして定義する「触媒柵」を触媒反応容器内に配置して、各触媒連間の空間を専用気流路とし、触媒反応容装置の運転を開始してから一定時間経過後に短時間往復運動させることを試みた。その結果、次のことがわかった。   Based on the above conclusion, as a third countermeasure, a “catalyst chain” is used that defines a plurality of catalysts having through-holes inside and that each catalyst is aligned with a central rod and aligned in a row. The “catalyst fence” is defined in the catalyst reaction vessel, which is defined as being formed by arranging the catalyst trains at intervals, and the space between each catalyst train is used as a dedicated air flow path to operate the catalyst reaction vessel. Attempted to reciprocate for a short time after elapse of a certain time. As a result, the following was found.

(a)反応の初期状態から反応固体生成物の触媒表面への堆積が所定量進むまでの期間では、
[個々の堆積カーボンの大きさ]<[当該触媒間空間の隙間(専用気流路の幅)]
を実現できている。従って、固体生成物が触媒上に所定量堆積するまでの間に触媒柵を往復運動させることによって堆積物を触媒表面から離脱させることができる。さらに、離脱させた固体生成物を、専用気流路を通じて落下または気流搬送することによって、触媒反応容器外に排出することができる。このようにして、触媒表面の生成物を除去することによって、触媒表面での生成物堆積状態を反応の初期状態と同様の状態に戻すことができるので、この往復運動操作を生成物の堆積が進行するたびに繰り返すことによって、反応容器の通気性を常に良好に保つことができる。
(A) In the period from the initial state of the reaction until the deposition of the reaction solid product on the catalyst surface proceeds by a predetermined amount,
[Size of individual carbon deposits] <[Gap between the catalyst space (width of dedicated air flow path)]
Has been realized. Therefore, the deposit can be separated from the catalyst surface by reciprocating the catalyst fence until a predetermined amount of the solid product is deposited on the catalyst. Furthermore, the separated solid product can be discharged out of the catalytic reaction vessel by dropping or air-flowing through the dedicated air flow path. In this way, by removing the product on the catalyst surface, the product deposition state on the catalyst surface can be returned to the same state as the initial state of the reaction. By repeating each time it proceeds, the air permeability of the reaction vessel can always be kept good.

ここで、本発明では、従来の単純な積層構造の触媒層と同一レベルの触媒充填率を維持しつつ、気流路を集約して各気流路の空間を広大なもの(例えば、主流方向に触媒容器高さのレベル、かつ、主流垂直方向に触媒断面積と同等レベル)とした集約気流路にすることができる。このため、集約気流路内での少々の生成物堆積量では反応容器の通気性が阻害されることはないので、上記の往復動作の所要頻度を、少なくすることができきる(例えば、1回/時間)。これは、従来の単純な積層構造の触媒層では触媒ごとに分散した多数の小空間であった触媒間の隙間を、本発明では少数の太い集約気流路に集約することによって、高い通気性と高い触媒充填率を両立できるからである。一方、従来の単純な積層構造の触媒層では、個々の触媒が互いに支え合って触媒層を形成・保持するという構造であるため、隣接する触媒間で構成される気流路は、触媒ごとに細分化されるとともに狭窄部を生じ易い。このような触媒層では気流路の狭窄部において高々、触媒断面積の1/10程度の流路断面積しか確保できないため、気流路内での少量の生成物の堆積があっても、反応容器の通気抵抗が急上昇してしまう(気流路の通気抵抗は、一般に狭窄部での流路断面積に依存する)。しかも、この方式に限らず、従来の触媒層では気流路に一旦、生成物が堆積すると、これを取り除く手段が存在しなかったので、反応によって固体生成物を生じ易い反応容器では、通気抵抗の上昇による制約によって、連続運転可能な時間は極めて短いものであった。   Here, in the present invention, while maintaining the catalyst filling rate at the same level as that of a conventional catalyst layer having a simple laminated structure, the air flow paths are aggregated to expand the space of each air flow path (for example, the catalyst in the mainstream direction). It is possible to provide an aggregated air flow path having a container height level and a level equivalent to the catalyst cross-sectional area in the mainstream vertical direction. For this reason, since the air permeability of the reaction vessel is not hindered by a small amount of product accumulation in the aggregated air flow path, the required frequency of the reciprocating operation can be reduced (for example, once /time). In the conventional catalyst layer having a simple laminated structure, the gap between the catalysts, which is a large number of small spaces dispersed for each catalyst, is concentrated in a small number of thick aggregated air flow paths in the present invention, thereby achieving high air permeability. This is because a high catalyst filling rate can be achieved. On the other hand, in the conventional catalyst layer having a simple laminated structure, each catalyst supports each other to form and hold the catalyst layer, and therefore the air flow path formed between adjacent catalysts is subdivided for each catalyst. And a stenosis is likely to occur. In such a catalyst layer, the flow passage cross-sectional area of about 1/10 of the cross-sectional area of the catalyst can be ensured at most in the constricted portion of the air flow path, so that even if a small amount of product is deposited in the air flow path, the reaction vessel The airflow resistance of the air flow path rises rapidly (the airflow resistance of the air flow path generally depends on the cross-sectional area of the flow path at the constriction). In addition, the present invention is not limited to this method, and there is no means for removing once the product has accumulated in the air flow path in the conventional catalyst layer. Due to the rise, the continuous operation time was extremely short.

(粒子落下路)
清掃体17によって触媒間の固着固体カーボンを破砕したとしても、破砕された触媒間の固体カーボン粒子が触媒間空間から効率的に除去されなければ、集約気流路の通気性を改善することはできない。この観点から、粒子を触媒間から落下除去させるための通路である粒子落下路の確保も通気性改善のためには必要な機能である。本発明では、触媒間の空間を集約し、かつ、互いに触媒間空間が連結しているので、この空間を粒子落下路とすることによってより大きな粒子を速やかに落下させることができ、粒子の落下性に関して好適である。
(Particle falling path)
Even if the solid carbon between the catalysts is crushed by the cleaning body 17, the air permeability of the aggregated air channel cannot be improved unless the solid carbon particles between the crushed catalysts are efficiently removed from the space between the catalysts. . From this point of view, securing a particle dropping path, which is a path for dropping particles from between the catalysts, is a necessary function for improving air permeability. In the present invention, since the spaces between the catalysts are aggregated and the spaces between the catalysts are connected to each other, larger particles can be quickly dropped by using this space as a particle dropping path, and the particles fall. It is suitable in terms of sex.

粒子落下路は、集約気流路と一致してもよいし、集約気流路とは別に設けてもよい。図1の例では、集約気流路と直交して鉛直方向に一直線の粒子落下路が設定されている。   The particle dropping path may coincide with the aggregated air channel, or may be provided separately from the aggregated gas channel. In the example of FIG. 1, a straight particle dropping path is set in the vertical direction perpendicular to the aggregated gas flow path.

(b)特に、円柱状触媒として複数のリング状の触媒の中心孔を中心棒で貫いて円柱状に一体化した触媒連を用いた場合、円柱状触媒(触媒連)と清掃体17間の相対運動時には、各触媒連において、隣あう触媒は互いに結合されていないので、触媒間での相対運動を容易に生じる(例えば、触媒内孔壁と、これに接する中心棒表面間の摩擦力は触媒によって異なるので、上記相対運動が一定の速度で生じたとしても、清掃体17-触媒間の作用力と中心棒-触媒間の作用力のばらつきによって、個々の触媒の運動も触媒ごとに異なったものになる)。そのため、触媒間での衝突が容易に生じるので衝突時に各触媒で強い表面振動を生じて生成物を触媒表面から離脱させることができる。   (B) In particular, when a catalyst continuous unit that is formed in a cylindrical shape by penetrating the center holes of a plurality of ring-shaped catalysts with a central rod is used as the cylindrical catalyst, the columnar catalyst (catalyst continuous) and the cleaning body 17 are used. At the time of relative movement, adjacent catalysts are not coupled to each other in each catalyst series, so that relative movement between the catalysts easily occurs (for example, the frictional force between the catalyst inner wall and the surface of the central rod in contact with the inner wall of the catalyst) Even if the relative movement occurs at a constant speed, the movement of each catalyst also varies from catalyst to catalyst due to variations in the action force between the cleaning body 17 and the catalyst and the action force between the center rod and the catalyst. ) For this reason, collision between the catalysts easily occurs, so that strong surface vibration is generated in each catalyst at the time of collision, and the product can be separated from the catalyst surface.

(c)円柱状触媒と清掃体17間を定期的に相対運動させることによって触媒表面のバルク状の生成物の堆積が少なくなるので、触媒反応容器内で原料ガスが常に触媒表面に到達できる。このため、触媒反応効率の低下が少ない。   (C) Periodic relative movement between the columnar catalyst and the cleaning body 17 reduces the accumulation of bulk products on the catalyst surface, so that the source gas can always reach the catalyst surface in the catalyst reaction vessel. For this reason, there is little fall of catalytic reaction efficiency.

(d)円柱状触媒間の専用気流路が互いに連結しているので流体の主流垂直方向にガスが拡散(物質交換およびこれに伴う熱交換)しやすい。このため、加熱面(触媒反応が吸熱反応の場合)である触媒反応容器の外壁面から遠く離れた触媒に対しても、ガス拡散によって加熱面から十分に熱を供給することがきでき、吹き抜けを生じにくい。   (D) Since the dedicated air flow paths between the cylindrical catalysts are connected to each other, the gas is likely to diffuse (substance exchange and heat exchange associated therewith) in the vertical direction of the main flow of the fluid. Therefore, heat can be sufficiently supplied from the heating surface by gas diffusion to the catalyst far from the outer wall surface of the catalytic reaction vessel which is the heating surface (when the catalytic reaction is endothermic reaction). Hard to occur.

(e)清掃体17がなく、単に円柱状触媒のみに槌打や往復運動を与える場合に比べて、円柱状触媒と清掃体17間を定期的に相対運動させることによって、円柱状触媒間を架橋するような大規模なコーキングに対して生成した固体カーボン塊を有効に破壊して粒子化でき、さらに、粒子落下路を通じて、この破壊された固体カーボン粒子を下方へ落下させて反応器の流路から効率的に除去することができる。   (E) Compared with the case where there is no cleaning body 17 and only the columnar catalyst is subjected to striking and reciprocating movement, the columnar catalyst and the cleaning body 17 are periodically moved relative to each other, so that Solid carbon lumps generated for large-scale coking that can be crosslinked can be effectively broken down into particles, and the broken solid carbon particles are dropped down through the particle dropping path to flow into the reactor. It can be efficiently removed from the road.

こうして、本発明は、円柱状の触媒を複数用い、各触媒連間の空間を専用気流路及び粒子落下路とするとともに、円柱状の触媒の集合体である触媒柵を触媒反応容器内で往復運動させることによって、触媒層全域(触媒柵全体)において触媒表面に堆積した固体生成物を効率的に落下させて触媒層(触媒柵)から除去できるという顕著な効果を奏するものである。   Thus, the present invention uses a plurality of cylindrical catalysts, and the space between each catalyst is used as a dedicated air flow path and a particle dropping path, and a catalyst fence that is an assembly of cylindrical catalysts is reciprocated in the catalyst reaction vessel. By moving, the solid product deposited on the catalyst surface in the entire catalyst layer (entire catalyst fence) can be effectively dropped and removed from the catalyst layer (catalyst fence).

従って、本発明は、固定床触媒層内で触媒上に生成・堆積する固体生成物の除去に好適に適用することができる。例えば、ニッケル、マグネシウム、セリウム、ジルコニウム、アルミニウムを含む複合金属酸化物触媒によるタール含有ガスの改質反応では、他の反応に比べて触媒表面への固体カーボンの堆積量が多く、それを除去するニーズがより高い。本発明は、このように他の反応に比べ触媒表面への固体カーボンの堆積量が多いタール含有ガス改質反応用の触媒を用いる場合においても、触媒上に生成・堆積する固体生成物の効率的な除去を可能にする。   Therefore, the present invention can be suitably applied to the removal of the solid product produced and deposited on the catalyst in the fixed bed catalyst layer. For example, in a reforming reaction of a tar-containing gas with a composite metal oxide catalyst containing nickel, magnesium, cerium, zirconium, and aluminum, the amount of solid carbon deposited on the catalyst surface is larger than other reactions, and it is removed. Needs are higher. In the present invention, the efficiency of the solid product produced / deposited on the catalyst is obtained even when the tar-containing gas reforming catalyst having a large amount of solid carbon deposited on the catalyst surface as compared with other reactions is used. Allows for efficient removal.

本発明の対象である触媒固定床と異なり、移動床は、原則として反応中に絶えず触媒を移動(および撹拌)させる。それに対し、本発明では、反応容器内での触媒層の移動を間欠的に、短時間実施すればよいので、反応中に触媒撹拌を行う必要はない。さらに、移動床では、反応中に一定量の触媒を系外に排出するとともに同量の触媒を系外から供給する。それに対し、本発明では、反応中に触媒の入れ替えは行わない(触媒層が固定床であるから)。   Unlike the fixed catalyst bed, which is the subject of the present invention, the moving bed in principle moves the catalyst continuously (and stirred) during the reaction. On the other hand, in the present invention, it is only necessary to intermittently move the catalyst layer in the reaction vessel for a short time, so that it is not necessary to stir the catalyst during the reaction. Further, in the moving bed, a certain amount of catalyst is discharged out of the system during the reaction and the same amount of catalyst is supplied from outside the system. In contrast, in the present invention, the catalyst is not replaced during the reaction (because the catalyst layer is a fixed bed).

本発明の触媒反応装置によれば、固定床触媒層内で触媒上に生成・堆積して触媒性能を低下させる原因となる固体堆積物を、清掃体と触媒間で相対運動させることにより、効率よく除去することができる。さらに、本発明の触媒反応装置では、触媒反応容器内において隣り合う円柱状の触媒どうしは一定の間隔をあけて配置されるため、触媒をランダムに充填して構成される触媒層などにおいて生じる触媒間の空間での固体生成物の堆積による閉塞の問題は、本質的に回避される。そのため、従来のように触媒や触媒保持器を洗浄するために運転を停止する必要なしに、反応装置を連続運転することが可能となる。また、その触媒反応装置を用いて、固体カーボンなどの固体生成物を発生する触媒反応を高い効率で行うことができる。   According to the catalytic reaction apparatus of the present invention, the solid deposit that is generated and deposited on the catalyst in the fixed bed catalyst layer to cause a decrease in the catalyst performance is relatively moved between the cleaning body and the catalyst. Can be removed well. Further, in the catalyst reaction apparatus of the present invention, the adjacent cylindrical catalysts in the catalyst reaction vessel are arranged at a certain interval, so that the catalyst generated in the catalyst layer formed by randomly filling the catalyst. The problem of clogging due to solid product deposition in the space between is essentially avoided. Therefore, it is possible to continuously operate the reaction apparatus without having to stop the operation in order to wash the catalyst and the catalyst retainer as in the prior art. In addition, the catalytic reaction apparatus can be used to perform a catalytic reaction that generates a solid product such as solid carbon with high efficiency.

本発明の第1の実施形態の触媒反応器(水平通気型)の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the catalyst reactor (horizontal ventilation type) of the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第2の実施形態の触媒反応器(垂直通気型)の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the catalyst reactor (vertical ventilation type) of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 第2の実施形態の触媒反応器に用いる清掃体の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the cleaning body used for the catalyst reactor of 2nd Embodiment. 触媒連の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of a catalyst chain. 触媒柵の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of a catalyst fence. その他の実施形態の触媒反応器の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the catalyst reactor of other embodiment. 実施例1の試験結果である反応時間と圧力損失及び水素増幅率との関係を表わすグラフである。3 is a graph showing the relationship between the reaction time, pressure loss, and hydrogen amplification rate, which is the test result of Example 1. 従来技術の触媒反応器の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the catalyst reactor of a prior art.

以下に添付図面を参照しながら、本発明の好適な実施の形態について詳細に説明する。なお、本明細書及び図面において、実質的に同一の機能構成を有する構成要素については、同一の符号を付することにより重複説明を省略する。   Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, in this specification and drawing, about the component which has the substantially same function structure, duplication description is abbreviate | omitted by attaching | subjecting the same code | symbol.

[第1の実施形態]
(全体構造)
図1に、本発明の第1の実施形態の連続式固定床触媒反応装置10を示す。この図の(a)は平面図、(b)は正面図、(c)は側面図である。本発明の触媒反応装置10は、反応容器11を含み、その内部に、保持板12によって保持された円柱状の触媒13の集合体である触媒柵16が収容されている。
[First embodiment]
(Overall structure)
FIG. 1 shows a continuous fixed bed catalytic reactor 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In this figure, (a) is a plan view, (b) is a front view, and (c) is a side view. The catalytic reaction apparatus 10 of the present invention includes a reaction vessel 11 in which a catalyst fence 16 that is an assembly of columnar catalysts 13 held by a holding plate 12 is accommodated.

このように、円柱状の触媒13とその集合体である触媒柵16を用いることが本発明の一つの特徴である。触媒柵16は、図5に示したように、複数の円柱状の触媒13を略水平に固定する、保持板12により形成される。   Thus, it is one of the features of the present invention to use the columnar catalyst 13 and the catalyst fence 16 that is an assembly thereof. As shown in FIG. 5, the catalyst fence 16 is formed by a holding plate 12 that fixes a plurality of columnar catalysts 13 substantially horizontally.

本発明のもう一つの特徴は、上記の円柱状の触媒13の間の空間に棒状、管状または板状の清掃体17を設けるとともに、清掃体17と円柱状の触媒13を相対運動させるための機構を備えることである。清掃体17と円柱状の触媒3のいずれか、または両方に駆動装置20を設けることによって、清掃体17と円柱状の触媒3間を相対運動させることができる。この相対運動をより効率的に実現するために、複数の清掃体17を拘束した清掃体保持器18を設けて、この清掃体保持器18と触媒柵16の支持板12のいずれか、または両方に駆動装置20を連結して、清掃体17および/または円柱状の触媒3をまとめて一斉に移動させることができる。   Another feature of the present invention is that a rod-like, tubular or plate-like cleaning body 17 is provided in the space between the columnar catalyst 13 and the cleaning body 17 and the columnar catalyst 13 are moved relative to each other. Providing a mechanism. By providing the driving device 20 in either or both of the cleaning body 17 and the columnar catalyst 3, the cleaning body 17 and the columnar catalyst 3 can be moved relative to each other. In order to realize this relative motion more efficiently, a cleaning body holder 18 that constrains a plurality of cleaning bodies 17 is provided, and either or both of the cleaning body holder 18 and the support plate 12 of the catalyst fence 16 are provided. The cleaning device 17 and / or the columnar catalyst 3 can be moved together at the same time by connecting the drive device 20 to the drive unit 20.

反応容器11には、流入口から原料ガス25が供給されて、触媒柵16を通過する際に反応し、触媒層からの改質ガス26は反応容器11の流出口から改質ガス流出路31へ排出される。原料ガス25の例は、炭化水素を含有するガス、炭化水素とともにタールを含有するガスなどでよい。改質ガス26の例は、炭化水素を含有するガスを改質して得られる改質ガスなどでよい。触媒の例を挙げると、炭化水素改質用の触媒などでよく、その表面には触媒反応の副生物として固形物、例えば固体カーボンなどが堆積する。触媒反応が吸熱反応の場合、反応に必要な温度と熱を、触媒反応容器11を例えば加熱炉(図示せず)中に配置することにより、与えてもよい。触媒反応が発熱反応の場合は、反応熱を、触媒反応容器の外部に設けた冷媒流路(図示せず)に冷媒を流すなどにより除去してもよい。   The raw material gas 25 is supplied to the reaction vessel 11 from the inlet and reacts when passing through the catalyst fence 16, and the reformed gas 26 from the catalyst layer passes from the outlet of the reaction vessel 11 to the reformed gas outlet 31. Is discharged. Examples of the source gas 25 may be a gas containing hydrocarbons, a gas containing tar together with hydrocarbons, or the like. An example of the reformed gas 26 may be a reformed gas obtained by reforming a gas containing hydrocarbon. As an example of the catalyst, a catalyst for hydrocarbon reforming may be used, and a solid substance such as solid carbon is deposited on the surface as a by-product of the catalytic reaction. When the catalytic reaction is an endothermic reaction, the temperature and heat necessary for the reaction may be provided by placing the catalytic reaction vessel 11 in, for example, a heating furnace (not shown). When the catalytic reaction is an exothermic reaction, the reaction heat may be removed by flowing a refrigerant through a refrigerant flow path (not shown) provided outside the catalytic reaction vessel.

触媒柵の構造、ガス主流方向、清掃器保持器-触媒柵間相対運動方向、並びに、除去した固体カーボンの排出方向の関係について、図1の実施態様を参照して説明する。なお、ガス主流方向を、反応容器内を通過するガス全体の平均速度方向と定義する。原則として、反応容器軸方向と一致する。   The relationship between the structure of the catalyst fence, the main gas flow direction, the relative movement direction between the cleaner cage and the catalyst fence, and the discharge direction of the removed solid carbon will be described with reference to the embodiment of FIG. The gas main flow direction is defined as the average velocity direction of the entire gas passing through the reaction vessel. As a rule, it coincides with the axial direction of the reaction vessel.

触媒13を立設して複数の触媒柵16を保持する保持板12は、鉛直、かつガス主流に平行方向に設けられ、反応容器11に固定する。各円柱状の触媒13及び円柱状の触媒13を連ねた触媒連15は、互いに等間隔、かつ、水平に保持板12上に固定され(立設され)、保持板12と平行な断面において、各触媒断面は、正方格子を形成する(図1(b)参照)。   A holding plate 12 that erects the catalyst 13 and holds the plurality of catalyst fences 16 is provided vertically and in a direction parallel to the main gas flow, and is fixed to the reaction vessel 11. The columnar catalyst 13 and the catalyst series 15 including the columnar catalyst 13 are fixed (standing) on the holding plate 12 at equal intervals and horizontally, and in a cross section parallel to the holding plate 12, Each catalyst cross section forms a square lattice (see FIG. 1B).

図1中の矢印で示されているガス主流26方向は、触媒層・触媒柵16内で水平方向である。触媒層内の触媒間を流れる原料ガス/改質ガスの集約気流路28も、水平方向である。   The direction of the gas main flow 26 indicated by the arrow in FIG. 1 is the horizontal direction in the catalyst layer / catalyst fence 16. The source gas / reformed gas aggregate gas flow path 28 flowing between the catalysts in the catalyst layer is also in the horizontal direction.

触媒の間に挿入される長尺板状の清掃体17は、水平方向、すなわち、集約気流路16方向に配置され、清掃器保持器-触媒柵間相対運動方向も集約気流路28の方向、すなわち、水平方向である。各清掃体17の基部は垂直配置された清掃器保持器18に接続し、各清掃体17の可動性は、少なくとも、清掃器保持器-触媒柵間相対運動方向で清掃器保持器18の位置に拘束されている。清掃体17の拘束方法は、たとえば、清掃体17を清掃体保持器18に溶接したり、清掃体17をピンで清掃体保持器18に留める等であることができる。   The long plate-shaped cleaning body 17 inserted between the catalysts is disposed in the horizontal direction, that is, in the direction of the aggregated air flow path 16, and the relative movement direction between the cleaner holder and the catalyst fence is also the direction of the aggregated air flow path 28, That is, the horizontal direction. The base of each cleaning body 17 is connected to a vertically arranged cleaning device holder 18, and the mobility of each cleaning body 17 is at least the position of the cleaning device holder 18 in the relative movement direction between the cleaning device holder and the catalyst fence. It is restrained by. The method for restraining the cleaning body 17 can be, for example, welding the cleaning body 17 to the cleaning body holder 18 or fastening the cleaning body 17 to the cleaning body holder 18 with a pin.

清掃器保持器-触媒柵間相対運動の駆動方法としては、たとえば、清掃体保持器18に水平方向に往復動可能な駆動装置(往復動装置)20を接続する。   As a driving method of the relative movement between the cleaning device holder and the catalyst fence, for example, a driving device (reciprocating device) 20 capable of reciprocating in the horizontal direction is connected to the cleaning body holder 18.

このように構成すると、清掃器保持器-触媒柵間相対運動方向である清掃方向は、集約気流路28と一致するので、集約気流路28に固着・堆積した固体カーボンをより効率的に(集約気流路の全長を一度に)、破砕、除去できる効果ある。また、清掃体17とガス主流方向26が平行なので、清掃体17が通気抵抗を生じにくい利点がある。   If comprised in this way, since the cleaning direction which is a relative motion direction between a cleaner holder | retainer and a catalyst fence corresponds with the aggregated air flow path 28, the solid carbon adhering to the aggregated air flow path 28 is more efficiently (aggregated). The entire length of the air channel can be crushed and removed at once). Moreover, since the cleaning body 17 and the gas main flow direction 26 are parallel, there exists an advantage in which the cleaning body 17 does not produce ventilation resistance easily.

集約気流路28から破砕・除去された固体カーボンは、鉛直方向に形成された排出路(粒子落下路)29を通って落下し、排出される。円柱状の触媒13が鉛直断面内で正方格子配置であるので、粒子落下路28を鉛直方向に一直線に設けることができ、破砕・除去された固体カーボンを円滑に落下させて、反応器内の主要部から排除できる。   The solid carbon crushed and removed from the aggregated air flow path 28 falls through a discharge path (particle drop path) 29 formed in the vertical direction and is discharged. Since the columnar catalyst 13 has a square lattice arrangement in the vertical cross section, the particle dropping paths 28 can be provided in a straight line in the vertical direction, and the crushed / removed solid carbon can be smoothly dropped and Can be excluded from the main part.

清掃体17は、全ての集約流路28内に配置してよいし、通気性確保のために最低限必要な割合で選定された一部の集約通路内のみに設置してもよい。   The cleaning body 17 may be arranged in all the aggregate flow paths 28, or may be installed only in a part of the aggregate passages selected at a minimum necessary ratio for ensuring air permeability.

(反応容器の形状)
反応容器11は、両端近傍に原料ガス流入路31、改質ガス流出路32の開口を有し、これらの開口間に触媒柵16を収納できるものであればどのような形状でもよい。反応容器11は、例えば、円筒状、角型ダクト状などの形状であることができる。以下では、角型ダクト状の反応容器を例に説明する。
(Reaction vessel shape)
The reaction vessel 11 may have any shape as long as it has openings for the source gas inflow path 31 and the reformed gas outflow path 32 in the vicinity of both ends, and the catalyst fence 16 can be accommodated between these openings. For example, the reaction vessel 11 may have a cylindrical shape, a rectangular duct shape, or the like. Hereinafter, a rectangular duct-shaped reaction vessel will be described as an example.

以下の説明において、「容器の中心軸」とは、容器のガス主流方向の垂直断面(図1では鉛直断面)の図心をガス主流方向に連ねたものと定義する。「反応容器厚」は、ガス主流方向の垂直断面における反応容器の代表長さのうちの最小の長さに相当し、「反応容器幅」は、ガス主流方向の垂直断面における反応容器の代表長さのうちの最大の長さに相当する。「反応容器高さ」は、ガス主流方向の反応容器の長さに相当する(「反応容器高さ」は、高さと表現されるが、図1では水平方向である)。容器が円筒の場合には、容器の「幅」および「厚」を「直径」と置き換えればよい。   In the following description, the “center axis of the container” is defined as a centroid of a vertical cross section (vertical cross section in FIG. 1) in the gas main flow direction of the container connected in the gas main flow direction. The “reaction vessel thickness” corresponds to the minimum length of the representative length of the reaction vessel in the vertical cross section in the gas main flow direction, and the “reaction vessel width” is the representative length of the reaction vessel in the vertical cross section in the gas main flow direction. It corresponds to the maximum length. The “reaction vessel height” corresponds to the length of the reaction vessel in the main gas flow direction (the “reaction vessel height” is expressed as a height, but is a horizontal direction in FIG. 1). When the container is a cylinder, the “width” and “thickness” of the container may be replaced with “diameter”.

(反応容器の材質)
反応容器11の材質は、触媒を保持する強度、触媒反応に関与する流体への耐熱・耐食性、反応生成物への耐汚染性を有する材料であれば、どのようなものでも使用できる。例えば、炭素鋼、ステンレス鋼、ニッケル合金、銅、銅合金、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、チタン、チタン合金等の金属材料、シリカ、アルミナ、窒化ケイ素、炭化ケイ素等のセラミックス材料(煉瓦に加工されたものを含む)、ソーダガラス、溶融石英等のガラス材料を使用することができる。
(Reaction vessel material)
Any material can be used as the material of the reaction vessel 11 as long as it has strength to hold the catalyst, heat resistance / corrosion resistance to the fluid involved in the catalyst reaction, and contamination resistance to the reaction product. For example, carbon steel, stainless steel, nickel alloy, copper, copper alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy, titanium, titanium alloy and other metal materials, silica, alumina, silicon nitride, silicon carbide and other ceramic materials (those processed into bricks) Glass materials such as soda glass and fused silica can be used.

(反応容器の寸法)
反応容器厚及び反応容器幅ともに、触媒直径よりも大きい必要がある。反応容器の厚みが大きいほど、空間を効率的に使用して多量の触媒を触媒反応容器に収納することができる。一般に触媒反応では発熱または吸熱があり、かつ、反応容器の表面を通じてこれらの熱を外部と授受するため、反応容器の厚みが大きいほど、厚み方向に熱が伝わりにくくなる。このため、反応容器の厚み(反応容器断面が円形の場合には直径)は、500mm以下であることが好ましい。また、当然のことながら、反応容器の厚みは、収納する触媒の代表寸法(例えば、触媒直径)よりも大きくなければならない。
(Reaction vessel dimensions)
Both the reaction vessel thickness and the reaction vessel width need to be larger than the catalyst diameter. The greater the thickness of the reaction vessel, the more space can be used efficiently to accommodate a larger amount of catalyst in the catalyst reaction vessel. In general, the catalytic reaction generates heat or absorbs heat and exchanges such heat with the outside through the surface of the reaction vessel. Therefore, the larger the thickness of the reaction vessel, the more difficult it is to transmit the heat in the thickness direction. For this reason, the thickness of the reaction vessel (or the diameter when the reaction vessel cross section is circular) is preferably 500 mm or less. Of course, the thickness of the reaction vessel must be larger than the representative dimension (for example, catalyst diameter) of the catalyst to be accommodated.

反応容器の幅には、機能上、特段の制約はない。保持すべき触媒層体積、反応容器厚を基に、構造上・強度上の制約を考慮してエンジニアリング的に定めればよい(例えば、5000mm)。   There is no particular limitation on the width of the reaction vessel in terms of function. Based on the volume of the catalyst layer to be retained and the thickness of the reaction vessel, it may be determined from an engineering viewpoint (for example, 5000 mm) in consideration of structural and strength constraints.

反応容器の高さは、触媒柵の高さよりも大きくなければならない。一方、反応容器高さの上限については、機能上の制約はなく、構造上・強度上の制約を考慮してエンジニアリング的に定めればよい(例えば、5000mm)。   The height of the reaction vessel must be greater than the height of the catalyst fence. On the other hand, the upper limit of the reaction vessel height is not limited in terms of function, and may be determined in terms of engineering in consideration of structural and strength limitations (for example, 5000 mm).

(触媒の材質・作用)
本発明の触媒反応装置を適用できる触媒の材質や触媒作用は、流体、特にガスを原料とする触媒反応に用いられる触媒であれば、特に制限はない。流体がガスであり、触媒反応による生成物がガスと固体または液体とである触媒反応、中でも、触媒反応用流体が炭化水素を含有するガスであり、触媒反応による生成物がガスおよび固体または液体である触媒反応、特に、触媒反応用流体がタールを含有するガスであり、触媒反応による生成物が固体の炭化水素または固体のカーボンを含む触媒反応に用いられる触媒に好適に使用できる。
(Catalyst material and action)
The material and catalytic action of the catalyst to which the catalytic reaction apparatus of the present invention can be applied are not particularly limited as long as it is a catalyst used for a catalytic reaction using a fluid, particularly a gas as a raw material. Catalytic reaction in which the fluid is a gas, and the product of the catalytic reaction is a gas and a solid or liquid. In particular, the catalytic reaction fluid is a gas containing hydrocarbons, and the product of the catalytic reaction is a gas and a solid or liquid. In particular, the catalyst reaction fluid is a gas containing tar, and the product of the catalyst reaction can be suitably used for a catalyst used in a catalytic reaction containing solid hydrocarbon or solid carbon.

一般的には、上記のような触媒反応に用いられる酸化物触媒に広く使用でき、特に触媒反応用流体がタールを含有するガスであり、触媒反応による生成物が固体の炭化水素または固体のカーボンを含む触媒反応に用いられる酸化物触媒に好適に適用できる。   In general, it can be widely used for oxide catalysts used in the catalytic reaction as described above. In particular, the catalytic reaction fluid is a gas containing tar, and the product of the catalytic reaction is solid hydrocarbon or solid carbon. It can apply suitably for the oxide catalyst used for the catalytic reaction containing.

本発明の触媒反応装置に好適に使用できる触媒の具体的な例としては、たとえば、ニッケル、マグネシウム、セリウム、アルミニウムを含む酸化物であって、少なくとも1種の複合酸化物を含み、単独化合物としてアルミナを含まないタール含有ガスの改質用触媒を挙げることができる(WO2010/134326)。この複合酸化物の好適な例は、NiMgO、MgAl24、CeO2の結晶相からなり、さらには、各結晶相の内、X線回折測定により求めたNiMgO結晶相の(200)面の結晶子の大きさが1nm〜50nm、MgAl24結晶相の(311)面の結晶子の大きさが1nm〜50nm、CeO2結晶相の(111)面の結晶子の大きさが1nm〜50nmである。この触媒は、炭素質原料を熱分解した際に発生する多量の硫化水素を含み、炭素析出を起こし易い縮合多環芳香族主体のタール含有ガスであっても、随伴するタール等重質炭化水素を高効率に改質して、水素、一酸化炭素、メタンを主体とする軽質炭化水素に変換すること、また、触媒性能が劣化した際、水蒸気又は空気の少なくともいずれかを高温下で触媒に接触させることにより、触媒上の析出炭素や吸着硫黄を除去して触媒性能を回復させ長期間安定した運転が可能になるという特徴を有する。 Specific examples of the catalyst that can be suitably used in the catalytic reactor of the present invention include, for example, oxides containing nickel, magnesium, cerium, and aluminum, including at least one complex oxide, and as a single compound Mention may be made of catalysts for reforming tar-containing gases not containing alumina (WO 2010/134326). A preferred example of this composite oxide is a crystal phase of NiMgO, MgAl 2 O 4 , and CeO 2 , and among the crystal phases, the (200) plane of the NiMgO crystal phase determined by X-ray diffraction measurement is used. The crystallite size is 1 nm to 50 nm, the crystallite size of the (311) plane of the MgAl 2 O 4 crystal phase is 1 nm to 50 nm, and the crystallite size of the (111) plane of the CeO 2 crystal phase is 1 nm to 50 nm. This catalyst contains a large amount of hydrogen sulfide generated when a carbonaceous raw material is thermally decomposed, and even if it is a condensed polycyclic aromatic-based tar-containing gas that easily causes carbon deposition, the accompanying heavy hydrocarbon such as tar Is converted to light hydrocarbons mainly composed of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane, and when the catalyst performance deteriorates, at least one of water vapor and air is converted to the catalyst at a high temperature. By contacting, the carbon is removed from the catalyst and adsorbed sulfur, and the catalyst performance is restored to enable stable operation over a long period of time.

(円柱状の触媒)
円柱状の触媒は、中心となる円柱状の担体を形成し、この担体表面に上記の触媒、または、触媒原料を塗布して焼成すること等によって、形成することができる。
(Cylindrical catalyst)
The columnar catalyst can be formed by forming a columnar carrier as a center, applying the above-mentioned catalyst or catalyst raw material on the surface of the carrier, and firing it.

担体の材質は、反応温度における耐熱性、腐食性、並びに、ガス汚染性を有するものであれば、使用可能。多孔質体が好ましく、シリカ、アルミナ等の多孔質セラミックスや、表面を粗く研磨した金属棒(ステンレス鋼等)等を用いることができる。   Any material can be used as long as it has heat resistance, corrosiveness, and gas contamination at the reaction temperature. A porous body is preferable, and porous ceramics such as silica and alumina, or a metal rod (stainless steel, etc.) whose surface is roughly polished can be used.

担体の形状としては、円柱が好ましい。製造上の便宜等によっては、角柱等の異形断面であってもよい。円筒形状であっても機能上、問題ない。触媒基部(保持板固定部)への荷重を軽減するために、触媒の先端側に向けて直径を小さく設定する、円柱台状の形状であってもよい。   The shape of the carrier is preferably a cylinder. Depending on the convenience of manufacture, etc., a deformed cross section such as a prism may be used. Even if it is a cylindrical shape, there is no problem in function. In order to reduce the load on the catalyst base (holding plate fixing portion), a cylindrical trapezoidal shape in which the diameter is set smaller toward the tip of the catalyst may be used.

円柱状触媒の保持板への固定方法は、担体の強度が許すのであれば、担体基部をネジ加工して、保持板にネジ留めしてよい。図1に示す様に、保持板12に丸孔を空けて、ここに円柱状触媒13を貫通させて保持してもよい。円筒形状の場合には、保持板12上に垂直に直棒を固定して、この直棒に触媒の中心孔をはめて、固定してもよい(図5,6)。   As for the method of fixing the columnar catalyst to the holding plate, if the strength of the carrier allows, the carrier base may be threaded and screwed to the holding plate. As shown in FIG. 1, a circular hole may be formed in the holding plate 12, and the cylindrical catalyst 13 may be passed through and held therein. In the case of a cylindrical shape, a straight bar may be fixed vertically on the holding plate 12, and the center hole of the catalyst may be fitted to the straight bar and fixed (FIGS. 5 and 6).

(清掃体)
清掃体の材質は、強度、触媒反応に関与する流体への耐熱・耐食性、反応生成物への耐汚染性を有する材料であれば、どのようなものでも使用できる。例えば、炭素鋼、ステンレス鋼、ニッケル合金、銅、銅合金、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、チタン、チタン合金等の金属材料、シリカ、アルミナ、窒化ケイ素、炭化ケイ素等のセラミックス材料(煉瓦に加工されたものを含む)、ソーダガラス、溶融石英等のガラス材料を使用することができる。
(Cleaning body)
As the material of the cleaning body, any material can be used as long as it has strength, heat resistance / corrosion resistance to a fluid involved in a catalytic reaction, and contamination resistance to a reaction product. For example, carbon steel, stainless steel, nickel alloy, copper, copper alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy, titanium, titanium alloy and other metal materials, silica, alumina, silicon nitride, silicon carbide and other ceramic materials (those processed into bricks) Glass materials such as soda glass and fused silica can be used.

清掃体の形状は、直棒、短冊状の平板を用いることができる。先端を面取り、または、鋭利にしてもよい。   The shape of the cleaning body can be a straight bar or a strip-shaped flat plate. The tip may be chamfered or sharpened.

清掃体の反応容器高さ方向の長さは、集約気流路の清掃効果を高めるために、往復動の端部で触媒柵を完全に貫通できる長さが好ましい。清掃体の反応容器厚方向の長さは、通気性および粒子落下性を良好にするために、円柱状の触媒の軸方向長さ以下が好ましい。清掃体は、往復動時に変形(特に座屈変形)・破壊しない程度の厚み(断面積)が必要である。材料強度に基づいて、適宜設計して決めることができる。   The length of the cleaning body in the height direction of the reaction container is preferably a length that can completely penetrate the catalyst fence at the end of the reciprocating motion in order to enhance the cleaning effect of the aggregated air flow path. The length of the cleaning body in the reaction vessel thickness direction is preferably equal to or less than the axial length of the columnar catalyst in order to improve air permeability and particle dropability. The cleaning body needs to have a thickness (cross-sectional area) that does not cause deformation (particularly buckling deformation) or breakage during reciprocation. Based on material strength, it can design and decide suitably.

触媒間に挿入する清掃体の厚みは触媒間の間隔より薄いことが必要であるが、触媒間の間隔と清掃体の厚みの差は、集約気流路の流れを規制するので、一般的には約0.5mm以上あること、さらには1mm以上が望ましい。一方、この差が大きすぎると、触媒層内の触媒の密度が低下して反応効率が低下するので、10mmを越えないこと、さらには3mm以下であることが好ましい。
また、清掃体の幅は、触媒連の長さに対して10%以上の比率であること、さらには20%以上の比率であることが好ましい。また、この比率は、90%以下であること、さらには70%以下であることが好ましい。この比率が過小な場合、触媒間での清掃効果が十分には得られず、かつ、清掃体が細長い形状であるために破損し易いという問題がある。また、この比率が過大な場合、清掃体と触媒間での相対運動時に、清掃体の幅方向に除去されたカーボンが反応容器内壁と清掃体端部との間に挟まって相対運動を妨げる問題を生じ得る。
清掃体は、全ての気流路内に配置されることが好ましいが、必要に応じて一部の気流路内のみに配置してもよい。例えば、コーキングによるカーボン生成が触媒層中で偏在する場合には、コーキングを生じる領域の一部を清掃して通気性を確保すれば、コーキングを生じていない領域にガス供給を行うことができるので、一部の集約気流路、例えば、全気流路数の1/10の気流路内に清掃体を配置すればよい。
The thickness of the cleaning body inserted between the catalysts needs to be thinner than the distance between the catalysts, but generally the difference between the spacing between the catalysts and the thickness of the cleaning body regulates the flow of the aggregated air flow path. It is preferably about 0.5 mm or more, more preferably 1 mm or more. On the other hand, if this difference is too large, the density of the catalyst in the catalyst layer is lowered and the reaction efficiency is lowered. Therefore, it is preferable that the difference does not exceed 10 mm, and further, it is 3 mm or less.
Moreover, it is preferable that the width | variety of a cleaning body is a ratio of 10% or more with respect to the length of a catalyst continuous, Furthermore, it is preferable that it is a ratio of 20% or more. Further, this ratio is preferably 90% or less, and more preferably 70% or less. When this ratio is too small, there is a problem that the cleaning effect between the catalysts cannot be sufficiently obtained, and the cleaning body is easily elongated due to its elongated shape. In addition, when this ratio is excessive, the carbon removed in the width direction of the cleaning body is sandwiched between the inner wall of the reaction vessel and the end of the cleaning body during the relative movement between the cleaning body and the catalyst. Can result.
The cleaning body is preferably disposed in all the air flow paths, but may be disposed only in some of the air flow paths as necessary. For example, when carbon generation due to coking is unevenly distributed in the catalyst layer, gas can be supplied to an area where coking is not caused by cleaning a part of the area where coking occurs and ensuring air permeability. The cleaning body may be disposed in some aggregated air flow paths, for example, 1/10 of the total number of air flow paths.

清掃体は、反応容器厚方向に複数の清掃体を配置してよい(図1(c))。   The cleaning body may arrange a plurality of cleaning bodies in the reaction container thickness direction (FIG. 1 (c)).

(清掃体保持器)
複数の清掃体17を安定に保持できればどのような形状でもよい。図1では平板である。清掃体保持器18の材質としては、清掃体17と同様の材質を適用できる。
(Cleaning body holder)
Any shape may be used as long as the plurality of cleaning bodies 17 can be stably held. In FIG. 1, it is a flat plate. As the material of the cleaning body holder 18, the same material as that of the cleaning body 17 can be applied.

(清掃体保持器18の駆動機構)
本実施形態では、清掃体保持器18を往復運動させることによって清掃体17を触媒柵16内で相対運動させる。そのために、本実施形態の反応容器11には清掃体保持器18を往復動させる駆動機構20が装備される。駆動機構20には、エアシリンダ、ラックピニオン等の歯車を利用した往復動装置などの、一般的な駆動機構を用いることができる。清掃体保持器18は、伝導軸22を用いて往復動装置に結合される。往復動装置21を作動させると、清掃体保持器18の全体が反応容器11の軸線に沿って移動して、触媒柵16の中を反応容器11の軸線に沿って前後に移動させる。
(Driving mechanism of cleaning body holder 18)
In the present embodiment, the cleaning body 17 is relatively moved in the catalyst fence 16 by reciprocating the cleaning body holder 18. For this purpose, the reaction vessel 11 of this embodiment is equipped with a drive mechanism 20 that reciprocates the cleaning body holder 18. The drive mechanism 20 can be a general drive mechanism such as a reciprocating device using gears such as an air cylinder and a rack and pinion. The cleaning body holder 18 is coupled to the reciprocating device using the transmission shaft 22. When the reciprocating device 21 is operated, the entire cleaning body holder 18 moves along the axis of the reaction vessel 11 and moves back and forth along the axis of the reaction vessel 11 in the catalyst fence 16.

少なくとも伝導軸22の清掃体保持器18側の一部は反応容器11、または、原料ガス流入路20や改質ガス流出路21の内側に存在する必要がある。往復動装置21は、反応容器11の外部に設けることができる。反応容器11を例えば加熱炉などの加熱装置(図示せず)内に配置する場合には、往復動装置21を加熱装置外に設けることもできる。この場合、市販の昇降装置を使える一方で、伝導軸22が反応容器11を貫通する部分を高温用パッキン等で封止する必要がある。   At least a part of the conductive shaft 22 on the cleaning body holder 18 side needs to be present inside the reaction vessel 11 or the raw material gas inflow path 20 or the reformed gas outflow path 21. The reciprocating device 21 can be provided outside the reaction vessel 11. In the case where the reaction vessel 11 is arranged in a heating device (not shown) such as a heating furnace, the reciprocating device 21 can be provided outside the heating device. In this case, while a commercially available lifting device can be used, it is necessary to seal the portion where the conductive shaft 22 penetrates the reaction vessel 11 with high-temperature packing or the like.

駆動機構20全体を、図1に示したように反応容器11内に設ける場合には、往復動装置21を、例えば反応容器11内の高温や腐食性物質から保護するために、耐熱・耐食性のものとする必要がある。これは、一例として、駆動機構20のエアシリンダ全体をハステロイ(登録商標)等の耐熱合金製とすることによって実現できる。この場合、エアシリンダへの供給エア配管(図示せず)は反応容器11を貫通するが、この部分は非可動部なので、配管を全周溶接するなどして封止を図ればよい。   In the case where the entire drive mechanism 20 is provided in the reaction vessel 11 as shown in FIG. 1, in order to protect the reciprocating device 21 from, for example, high temperatures and corrosive substances in the reaction vessel 11, heat resistance / corrosion resistance Need to be. As an example, this can be realized by making the entire air cylinder of the drive mechanism 20 made of a heat-resistant alloy such as Hastelloy (registered trademark). In this case, a supply air pipe (not shown) to the air cylinder passes through the reaction vessel 11, but since this part is a non-movable part, the pipe may be welded around the circumference and the like may be sealed.

(その他の適用可能な例)
本発明は、上記に例示した触媒反応装置及び触媒のほか、コーキング等を生じる、下記の触媒反応装置にも好適に使用できる。
(Other applicable examples)
The present invention can be suitably used for the following catalytic reaction apparatus that causes coking, in addition to the catalytic reaction apparatus and catalyst exemplified above.

1)メタン改質触媒反応装置:特開2006−35172号公報の「比較例」には、炭化水素であるメタンガスを原料ガスとして大量のコーキング(炭素析出)が発生することが記載されている。   1) Methane reforming catalytic reactor: “Comparative Example” of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-35172 describes that a large amount of coking (carbon deposition) is generated using methane gas as a raw material gas.

2)都市ガス改質触媒反応装置:特許文献2にコーキングの事例が記載されている。
3)その他、LPG等の各種石油精製ガスや天然ガスの改質のための触媒反応装置、水素を含有するガスと酸化剤ガスを作用させて発電し、水を副生する、燃料電池用の触媒反応装置(例:特開2009−48797号公報)等に適用できる。
2) City gas reforming catalytic reactor: Patent Document 2 describes a case of coking.
3) In addition, catalytic reactors for reforming various petroleum refining gases such as LPG and natural gas, and fuel cells that generate hydrogen by generating gas by acting hydrogen-containing gas and oxidant gas. The present invention can be applied to a catalytic reactor (eg, JP 2009-48797 A).

[第2の実施形態]
(全体構造)
次に、図2を参照して第2の実施形態の連続式固定床触媒反応装置を説明する。この図の(a)は平面図、(b)正面図、(c)は側面図である。本発明の触媒反応装置10は、反応容器11を含み、その内部に、保持板12によって保持された触媒連15の集合体である触媒柵16が収容されている。
[Second Embodiment]
(Overall structure)
Next, the continuous fixed bed catalytic reactor of the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. (A) of this figure is a plan view, (b) is a front view, and (c) is a side view. The catalytic reaction apparatus 10 of the present invention includes a reaction vessel 11 and accommodates therein a catalyst fence 16 that is an assembly of catalyst trains 15 held by a holding plate 12.

反応容器11には、下方から原料ガス25が供給されて、その主流が触媒柵16を通過する際に反応し、触媒層からの改質ガス26は反応容器11の上方から排出される。場合により、反応容器11への原料ガスは、図1とは逆に、触媒柵16の上方から下方へ流れるように供給することも可能である。   A raw material gas 25 is supplied to the reaction vessel 11 from below and reacts when the main stream passes through the catalyst fence 16, and the reformed gas 26 from the catalyst layer is discharged from above the reaction vessel 11. In some cases, the raw material gas to the reaction vessel 11 can be supplied so as to flow from the upper side to the lower side of the catalyst fence 16, contrary to FIG. 1.

反応容器11は、両端に開口を有する。その開口の1つは、触媒反応用流体(原料ガス)の流入路を構成する供給管(原料ガス流入路)31に通じており、触媒反応用流体の反応容器11へ流入口に当たるものである。もう1つの開口は、反応容器11の改質ガスの流出路を構成する排出管(改質ガス流出路)32に通じており、改質ガスの反応容器11からの流出口に当たるものである。   The reaction vessel 11 has openings at both ends. One of the openings communicates with a supply pipe (raw material gas inflow path) 31 that constitutes an inflow path for the catalytic reaction fluid (raw material gas), and corresponds to an inlet of the catalytic reaction fluid to the reaction vessel 11. . The other opening communicates with a discharge pipe (reformed gas outflow passage) 32 constituting an outflow passage of the reformed gas in the reaction vessel 11 and corresponds to an outlet of the reformed gas from the reaction vessel 11.

この実施形態では、触媒連15の両端を保持板12に固定して、触媒柵16が形成されている。保持板12は触媒柵16の下方へ延長して、昇降機構20の伝導軸22と連結している。駆動機構20は昇降装置21と、昇降装置21を保持板12につなぐ伝導軸22で構成されており、昇降装置21を昇降させることにより触媒柵16を一斉に上下方向に往復運動させる。   In this embodiment, the catalyst fence 16 is formed by fixing both ends of the catalyst train 15 to the holding plate 12. The holding plate 12 extends below the catalyst fence 16 and is connected to the conduction shaft 22 of the elevating mechanism 20. The drive mechanism 20 includes an elevating device 21 and a transmission shaft 22 that connects the elevating device 21 to the holding plate 12, and the catalyst fence 16 is reciprocated in the vertical direction all at once by elevating the elevating device 21.

清掃体17は、触媒柵16内に挿入されて配置されるとともに、清掃体保持器18に接続して少なくとも上下方向の位置を清掃器保持***置に拘束されている。清掃体保持器18は、反応容器に固定されている。その結果、触媒柵16を昇降する際には、反応容器に固定された清掃体17と触媒柵16の間で相対運動を生じて気流路27の清掃がなされる(図3も参照される)。   The cleaning body 17 is disposed by being inserted into the catalyst fence 16 and connected to the cleaning body holder 18 so that at least the position in the vertical direction is restricted to the position of the cleaning body holder. The cleaning body holder 18 is fixed to the reaction container. As a result, when the catalyst fence 16 is moved up and down, a relative motion is generated between the cleaning body 17 fixed to the reaction vessel and the catalyst fence 16 to clean the air flow path 27 (see also FIG. 3). .

触媒柵の構造、ガス主流方向、清掃器保持器-触媒柵間相対運動方向、並びに、除去した固体カーボンの排出方向の関係について図2の例で説明する。   The relationship between the structure of the catalyst fence, the main gas flow direction, the relative movement direction between the cleaner cage and the catalyst fence, and the discharge direction of the removed solid carbon will be described with reference to the example of FIG.

触媒柵16において、保持板12は、鉛直、かつガス主流26に平行方向に設けられ、上下方向に可動である。各円柱状の触媒13は、互いに等間隔、かつ、水平に保持板12上に固定され、保持板12との平行断面において、各触媒断面は、鉛直方向に整列している。   In the catalyst fence 16, the holding plate 12 is provided vertically and parallel to the gas main flow 26, and is movable in the vertical direction. The respective columnar catalysts 13 are fixed on the holding plate 12 at equal intervals and horizontally, and in a cross section parallel to the holding plate 12, the catalyst cross sections are aligned in the vertical direction.

ガス主流方向16は、触媒柵16内で鉛直方向である。触媒柵16内で触媒13の間に形成される集約気流路27は、鉛直方向、かつ、一直線である。   The gas main flow direction 16 is a vertical direction in the catalyst fence 16. The aggregated air flow path 27 formed between the catalysts 13 in the catalyst fence 16 is vertical and straight.

各清掃体17は、集約気流路27の方向に配置され、清掃器保持器-触媒柵間相対運動方向も集約気流路方向である。集約気流路27から破砕・除去された固体カーボンの排出路(粒子落下路)28も、鉛直方向である。   Each cleaning body 17 is arranged in the direction of the aggregated air flow path 27, and the relative movement direction between the cleaner holder and the catalyst fence is also the direction of the aggregated air flow path. The solid carbon discharge path (particle drop path) 28 crushed and removed from the aggregated air flow path 27 is also in the vertical direction.

図2に示す第2の実施形態の特徴は、集約気流路方向27、清掃方向、粒子落下方向28が全て一致し、かつ、一直線であること、鉛直方向であることである。その結果、破砕・除去された固体カーボンをより効率的に落下させて、反応器内の主要部から排除することが可能であるので、好ましい。   The feature of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is that the aggregated air flow path direction 27, the cleaning direction, and the particle dropping direction 28 all coincide, are in a straight line, and are in the vertical direction. As a result, the pulverized and removed solid carbon can be dropped more efficiently and removed from the main part in the reactor, which is preferable.

第1の実施形態では、水平方向に隣り合う円柱状触媒13間で固体カーボンが架橋を生じると、除去手段がなく、かつ、粒子落下方向29とは交錯するので、より上方から落下してきた固体カーボン粉の落下の妨げになりうる。一方、第2の実施形態では、鉛直方向で隣り合う円柱状触媒13間で固体カーボンが架橋を生じても、粒子落下方向28とは交錯しないので、固体カーボン粉落下の妨げにはならない。   In the first embodiment, when the solid carbon is cross-linked between the columnar catalysts 13 adjacent in the horizontal direction, there is no removal means and the particle falling direction 29 intersects, so the solid that has fallen from above This can hinder the fall of carbon powder. On the other hand, in the second embodiment, even if the solid carbon is cross-linked between the columnar catalysts 13 adjacent in the vertical direction, the solid carbon powder does not interfere with the particle falling direction 28 and thus does not hinder solid carbon powder falling.

「容器の中心軸」、「反応容器厚」、「反応容器幅」、「反応容器高さ」等の用語の定義、並びに、反応容器の材質、反応容器の寸法、反応器への熱供給、原料ガス、触媒種等に関する考え方は、第1の実施形態でのものと同様である。   Definitions of terms such as “center axis of vessel”, “reaction vessel thickness”, “reaction vessel width”, “reaction vessel height”, etc., as well as reaction vessel material, reaction vessel dimensions, heat supply to reactor, The concept regarding the raw material gas, the catalyst type, and the like is the same as that in the first embodiment.

この実施形態における特徴は、次のとおりである。
(1)触媒柵16を上下に往復運動させることができる。これにより、個々の触媒13の内孔と中心棒14間で相対運動を生じて、それらの衝突が起きる。この衝突の際の振動を用いて、個々の触媒表面に生成したバルク状の固体生成物を脱落、除去する清掃効果が、第1の実施形態で述べた清掃体-円柱状触媒間の相対運動による清掃効果に加えて発現する。
The features of this embodiment are as follows.
(1) The catalyst fence 16 can be reciprocated up and down. As a result, a relative movement occurs between the inner holes of the individual catalysts 13 and the central rod 14, and the collision occurs. The cleaning effect of dropping and removing the bulk solid product generated on the surface of each catalyst using the vibration at the time of the collision is the relative motion between the cleaning body and the columnar catalyst described in the first embodiment. Appears in addition to the cleaning effect.

(2)触媒連15を鉛直に揃えるような触媒柵16に対して、本実施形態では、触媒柵16の下方に必要な構造物を最小化できるので、触媒反応器内において、触媒柵16下方に向けて空間上の妨げが少ない。このため、本実施形態では、触媒13間で生成した固体カーボンを落下除去する際に、触媒反応器下部まで容易に落下させることができ、通気性、清掃性の点で有利である。   (2) In contrast to the catalyst fence 16 in which the catalyst trains 15 are aligned vertically, in this embodiment, the necessary structures below the catalyst fence 16 can be minimized. There are few obstacles on the space toward. Therefore, in this embodiment, when the solid carbon generated between the catalysts 13 is dropped and removed, it can be easily dropped to the lower part of the catalyst reactor, which is advantageous in terms of air permeability and cleanability.

(3)清掃体17の長手方向が重力方向と一致するので、自重によるクリープ変形(座屈変形)を生じにくい。このため、より薄い清掃体17を適用できるので、触媒充填率、通気性、清掃性等の点で有利である。   (3) Since the longitudinal direction of the cleaning body 17 coincides with the direction of gravity, creep deformation (buckling deformation) due to its own weight hardly occurs. For this reason, since the thinner cleaning body 17 can be applied, it is advantageous in terms of catalyst filling rate, air permeability, cleanability, and the like.

(触媒連と触媒柵)
円柱状の触媒には、以下に説明する触媒連を用いることができる。
図5に示したように、触媒連15は、円筒状などの内部に貫通孔を有する触媒13と、一群の触媒13を貫く中心棒14により構成される。図6に示したように、触媒柵16は、一群の触媒連15を保持板12に固定して製作される。
(Catalyst train and catalyst fence)
For the columnar catalyst, a catalyst series described below can be used.
As shown in FIG. 5, the catalyst series 15 includes a catalyst 13 having a through-hole in a cylindrical shape or the like, and a center rod 14 penetrating the group of catalysts 13. As shown in FIG. 6, the catalyst fence 16 is manufactured by fixing a group of catalyst trains 15 to the holding plate 12.

触媒柵16が、後に説明する第3の実施形態におけるように触媒連15を水平方向に向けて反応容器11内に配置される場合には、中心棒14の両端を保持板12に接合することができる。   When the catalyst fence 16 is disposed in the reaction vessel 11 with the catalyst chain 15 oriented in the horizontal direction as in a third embodiment described later, both ends of the center rod 14 are joined to the holding plate 12. Can do.

(触媒柵の開口率)
触媒柵の開口率は、開口率=(1−[触媒柵の主流に垂直な断面の断面積]/[触媒反応容器の主流に垂直方向の見かけ断面積])×100(%)として定義することができる。「主流」とは、反応容器11へ供給された流体が、反応容器11内でその流入口から流出口へと向かう流れ、として定義され、図2の場合には、主流は触媒連15に平行な方向の流体の流れとなる。触媒柵の開口率が大きいほど、通気抵抗が小さい。一方、開口率が過大だと必要な触媒反応容器体積が増大し、また、通気抵抗が小さいので吹き抜けも生じやすい。従って、開口率は、30%以上60%以下の範囲が好ましい。
(Catalyst fence opening ratio)
The opening ratio of the catalyst fence is defined as opening ratio = (1− [cross-sectional area perpendicular to the main flow of the catalyst fence] / [apparent cross-sectional area perpendicular to the main flow of the catalyst reaction vessel) × 100 (%). be able to. The “main flow” is defined as a flow in which the fluid supplied to the reaction vessel 11 flows from the inlet to the outlet in the reaction vessel 11. In the case of FIG. 2, the main flow is parallel to the catalyst series 15. The flow of fluid is in any direction. The larger the opening ratio of the catalyst fence, the smaller the ventilation resistance. On the other hand, if the opening ratio is excessively large, the required volume of the catalytic reaction vessel increases, and the ventilation resistance is small, so that blow-through is likely to occur. Therefore, the aperture ratio is preferably in the range of 30% to 60%.

(触媒連の中心棒)
触媒連15の中心棒14は、触媒13を貫くことでそれを損傷させないように、丸棒が好ましい。但し、加工の便宜等の理由によって、多角形断面の棒であってもよい。また、触媒13が中心棒14の周囲で移動しやすいように、中心棒は直線状であることが好ましい。但し、加工の便宜等の理由によって、曲がり棒であってもよい。
(Catalyst center rod)
The center bar 14 of the catalyst train 15 is preferably a round bar so as not to damage the catalyst 13 by penetrating it. However, it may be a rod having a polygonal cross section for reasons of processing convenience or the like. The center bar is preferably linear so that the catalyst 13 can easily move around the center bar 14. However, a bending rod may be used for reasons of processing convenience.

中心棒14の直径は、触媒13の孔径よりも小さくなければならない。また、触媒13の保持や昇降運動に耐えうる強度を保ち、高温時のクリープ等による座屈を避けるために、適度の直径であることが好ましい。例えば、直径1mm以上、30mm以下を適用することができる。   The diameter of the center bar 14 must be smaller than the pore diameter of the catalyst 13. Moreover, in order to maintain the intensity | strength which can bear the holding | maintenance of a catalyst 13, and a raising / lowering motion, and to avoid buckling by the creep at the time of high temperature, it is preferable that it is a moderate diameter. For example, a diameter of 1 mm or more and 30 mm or less can be applied.

中心棒の材質は、強度・剛性・耐熱性等の観点から、また、高熱伝導性材料であるのが好ましいことから、金属、特に、ステンレス鋼、インコネル(登録商標)等のニッケル合金、チタン、チタン合金を用いることができる。また、銅、銅合金、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金等は、高熱伝導性材料として特に好ましい。   The center rod is made of metal, particularly nickel alloys such as stainless steel and Inconel (registered trademark), titanium, titanium, from the viewpoint of strength, rigidity, heat resistance, and the like, and is preferably a highly heat conductive material. A titanium alloy can be used. Further, copper, copper alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy and the like are particularly preferable as the high thermal conductivity material.

(触媒連の長さ)
上下方向に往復運動させる触媒柵が反応容器内に収納可能である限り、触媒連の長さは触媒反応容器高さの範囲内あれば特に制約はない。中心棒で貫く触媒の数を増やすことで、触媒連長さを自由に定めることができる。但し、長い触媒連の場合、下流側では原料流体濃度が減少するので、触媒反応の反応速度は低下する。従って、処理する原料流体流量と触媒総量の比を勘案して適宜最適な長さを決めればよい。
(Catalyst length)
As long as the catalyst fence reciprocated in the vertical direction can be accommodated in the reaction vessel, the length of the catalyst train is not particularly limited as long as it is within the height of the catalyst reaction vessel. By increasing the number of catalysts penetrating with the center rod, the catalyst continuous length can be freely determined. However, in the case of a long catalyst train, the raw material fluid concentration decreases on the downstream side, so that the reaction rate of the catalytic reaction decreases. Therefore, an optimal length may be determined appropriately in consideration of the ratio of the raw material fluid flow rate to be processed and the total amount of catalyst.

(触媒連の作製方法)
触媒連15は、例えば、手作業で触媒を中心棒14に貫通させて作製することができる。
(Catalyst production method)
The catalyst train 15 can be produced, for example, by manually passing the catalyst through the center rod 14.

(触媒連の保持板)
触媒連15を支持する保持板12は、中心棒14を、溶接やねじ込みなどの方法で取り付けることができる材料で製作される。その材質は、強度・剛性・耐熱性等の観点から、中心棒と同様に、ステンレス鋼、インコネル(登録商標)等のニッケル合金、チタン、チタン合金などでよい。カラーを用いる場合、それも保持板の材料と同様の材料で製作することができる。
(Catalyst plate)
The holding plate 12 that supports the catalyst train 15 is made of a material to which the center rod 14 can be attached by a method such as welding or screwing. The material may be stainless steel, nickel alloy such as Inconel (registered trademark), titanium, titanium alloy, or the like, from the viewpoint of strength, rigidity, heat resistance, and the like. If a collar is used, it can also be made of a material similar to that of the holding plate.

(清掃体)
第1の実施形態と同様のものを用いることができる。
(Cleaning body)
The thing similar to 1st Embodiment can be used.

(清掃体保持器)
図3を例として説明する。この清掃体保持器は、保持板18、清掃体17、連結手段19から構成される。本実施形態では、清掃体保持器は反応容器内の上部流路内に設置されるので、清掃体保持板18は、ガスを通気させるために、内部に開口を設ける。
(Cleaning body holder)
3 will be described as an example. The cleaning body holder includes a holding plate 18, a cleaning body 17, and a connecting means 19. In this embodiment, since the cleaning body holder is installed in the upper flow path in the reaction vessel, the cleaning body holding plate 18 is provided with an opening in order to allow gas to flow.

清掃体17は、第1の実施形態と同様のものを用いることができる。   The cleaning body 17 can be the same as that of the first embodiment.

清掃体17の連結手段は、図3を参照すると、清掃体17の頂部近傍に丸孔を設け、ここに連結手段として連結棒19を貫通したうえで、連結棒19の両端を清掃体17保持板18に固定している。隣り合う清掃体17間に、連結棒軸方向に適宜、スペーサを設けて、清掃体17の運動をさらに拘束してもよい。   Referring to FIG. 3, the connecting means of the cleaning body 17 is provided with a round hole in the vicinity of the top of the cleaning body 17, and through the connecting rod 19 as a connecting means, the both ends of the connecting rod 19 are held by the cleaning body 17. It is fixed to the plate 18. A spacer may be appropriately provided between the adjacent cleaning bodies 17 in the connecting rod axis direction to further restrain the movement of the cleaning body 17.

清掃体保持器18の反応容器への固定方法は、例えば、図2に示す様に、フランジ部で上下に分割可能な反応容器を用いて、清掃体保持板18の周縁部を上下から反応容器のフランジで挟んだ上でフランジ間をボルトで締結することによって、清掃体保持板を固定することができる。この際、清掃体保持板18の周縁部に、締結用のボルトが貫通できるように孔加工して用いればよい。   For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the cleaning body holder 18 is fixed to the reaction container by using a reaction container that can be divided into upper and lower portions by a flange portion. The cleaning body holding plate can be fixed by clamping between the flanges with bolts and fastening with bolts. At this time, a hole may be drilled in the peripheral edge portion of the cleaning body holding plate 18 so that a fastening bolt can pass therethrough.

(触媒柵の駆動機構)
本実施形態では、第1の実施形態における往復動装置を、運動の向きを変更して上下方向に運動する昇降装置21として用いることができる。昇降装置21は、保持板12を昇降させることによってその上の触媒柵16を反応容器11内で昇降させる。保持板12は、伝導軸22を用いて昇降装置21に結合される。昇降装置21を作動させると、保持板12の全体が反応容器11の軸線に沿って移動して、触媒柵16の全体をやはり反応容器11の軸線に沿って上下に移動させる。
(Catalyst fence drive mechanism)
In this embodiment, the reciprocating device in 1st Embodiment can be used as the raising / lowering apparatus 21 which changes the direction of exercise | movement and moves to an up-down direction. The elevating device 21 raises and lowers the catalyst fence 16 thereon by raising and lowering the holding plate 12 in the reaction vessel 11. The holding plate 12 is coupled to the lifting device 21 using the conduction shaft 22. When the lifting device 21 is operated, the entire holding plate 12 is moved along the axis of the reaction vessel 11, and the entire catalyst fence 16 is also moved up and down along the axis of the reaction vessel 11.

(保持板の昇降ストローク)
触媒間の相対運動を十分行うためには、保持板12の昇降ストロークは大きいことが好ましい。例えば、触媒外面の代表寸法(例:直径)の0.1倍程度の昇降ストロークであっても加振の効果は存在するので、触媒表面の固体カーボンなどの堆積物の除去効果は一定程度は得られる。しかし、十分な堆積物除去効果を挙げるためには、保持板12の昇降ストロークは触媒外面代表寸法の0.5倍以上であることが好ましく、1倍以上であることがより好ましい。
(Up / down stroke of holding plate)
In order to sufficiently perform the relative movement between the catalysts, it is preferable that the raising / lowering stroke of the holding plate 12 is large. For example, even with a lifting stroke of about 0.1 times the representative dimension (eg, diameter) of the outer surface of the catalyst, there is an effect of vibration, so that the removal effect of deposits such as solid carbon on the catalyst surface is to a certain extent. can get. However, in order to obtain a sufficient deposit removal effect, the lifting / lowering stroke of the holding plate 12 is preferably 0.5 times or more, more preferably 1 or more times the catalyst outer surface representative dimension.

一方、昇降ストロークが極端に大きい場合には、反応容器11および駆動機構20が大型化するので効率的ではない。また、小さいストローク(但し、1倍以上)の昇降を繰り返し行うことで、より大きな昇降ストロークと同様の効果が得られる。よって、昇降ストロークは、触媒外面の代表寸法の10倍以下であることが好ましい。   On the other hand, when the lift stroke is extremely large, the reaction vessel 11 and the drive mechanism 20 are increased in size, which is not efficient. Moreover, the effect similar to a bigger raising / lowering stroke is acquired by repeatedly raising / lowering a small stroke (however, 1 times or more). Therefore, the lifting stroke is preferably 10 times or less of the representative dimension of the catalyst outer surface.

(保持板の昇降速度)
上昇速度には特段の制約はない。下降速度は、固体堆積物を触媒表面から離脱させるのに十分な触媒間の相対運動を可能にするように設定する必要がある。極端に遅い下降速度では、触媒間で相対運動を生じないので好ましくない。下降速度は、触媒の自由落下速度(例:100mm/s)よりも速くすることができる。このようにすることによって、個々の触媒が下降する際に触媒と中心棒との接触状態に応じて下降速度のバラツキを生じ、触媒間で相対運動と衝突を生じさせることができる。
(Lifting speed of holding plate)
There are no particular restrictions on the ascent rate. The rate of descent needs to be set to allow relative movement between the catalysts sufficient to dislodge solid deposits from the catalyst surface. An extremely low descending speed is not preferable because no relative movement occurs between the catalysts. The descending speed can be higher than the free falling speed of the catalyst (for example, 100 mm / s). By doing so, when each catalyst descends, the descending speed varies according to the contact state between the catalyst and the center rod, and relative motion and collision can be caused between the catalysts.

(触媒の形状)
触媒13は、触媒連15から脱落しないことが必要である。従って、中心棒14が貫通することができる孔を有する形状であることが有利である。例えば、リング状、円筒状、ダクト状等の触媒を用いることができる。また、触媒の脱落防止の要件を満たす形状として、中心棒の直径よりも開口幅の小さい馬蹄形としてもよい。
(Catalyst shape)
It is necessary that the catalyst 13 does not fall off from the catalyst train 15. Therefore, it is advantageous to have a shape having a hole through which the central rod 14 can pass. For example, a ring-shaped, cylindrical, duct-shaped catalyst can be used. Further, as a shape satisfying the requirement for preventing the catalyst from falling off, a horseshoe shape having an opening width smaller than the diameter of the center rod may be used.

触媒13の孔寸法は、触媒連15の中心棒に対して自由に移動できるように、中心棒14の直径よりも十分に大きくなければならない。例えば、[中心孔径]を[中心棒直径]+1mmとすることができる。このようにすることで、触媒と清掃体が相対運動する際に、この相対運動による震動効果等によって触媒同士でも相対運動を生じさせることができ、触媒に付着したカーボンをより効率的に剥離、除去することができる。   The pore size of the catalyst 13 must be sufficiently larger than the diameter of the center rod 14 so that it can move freely with respect to the center rod of the catalyst run 15. For example, the [center hole diameter] can be set to [center rod diameter] +1 mm. By doing in this way, when the catalyst and the cleaning body move relative to each other, it is possible to cause relative movement between the catalysts due to a vibration effect or the like by this relative movement, and the carbon adhering to the catalyst is peeled off more efficiently. Can be removed.

[その他の実施形態]
図6(a)(b)(c)は、第3の実施形態の触媒反応装置のそれぞれ平面図、正面図、側面図である。図6に示すように、円筒状触媒13を中心棒14に挿通して形成した触媒連15を水平方向に並べ(図6(b))、両側で保持板12に格子状に接続する(図6(c))。この触媒連15が格子状に並べられて触媒柵16(触媒層)が形成される。この触媒柵に鉛直方向に清掃体17が挿入される。
[Other Embodiments]
6A, 6B, and 6C are a plan view, a front view, and a side view, respectively, of the catalytic reaction apparatus of the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6, the catalyst trains 15 formed by inserting the cylindrical catalyst 13 through the center rod 14 are arranged in the horizontal direction (FIG. 6B) and connected to the holding plate 12 on both sides in a grid pattern (FIG. 6). 6 (c)). The catalyst trains 15 are arranged in a lattice pattern to form a catalyst fence 16 (catalyst layer). A cleaning body 17 is inserted vertically into the catalyst fence.

清掃体17は清掃体保持器18に固定される一方、触媒保持板12に保持された触媒柵16は図2と同様の昇降装置21に伝道軸22で結合されて上下方向に往復運動することができる。   While the cleaning body 17 is fixed to the cleaning body holder 18, the catalyst fence 16 held on the catalyst holding plate 12 is coupled to a lifting device 21 similar to FIG. 2 by a transmission shaft 22 and reciprocates in the vertical direction. Can do.

また、以上の実施形態はいずれも触媒連を直線状に形成し、平面状の触媒柵を形成したが、円筒状の触媒又は円周状に曲がった円筒状の触媒を円環状に配置して円形の触媒連を形成し、複数の円形の触媒連を同心円状に配置して同心円状に触媒を配置した触媒柵を形成し、その触媒柵の同心円状に配置されている触媒の間に清掃体を配置しても、本発明の触媒反応装置を構成することでき、本発明の効果を得ることができる。   Further, in all of the above embodiments, the catalyst chain is formed in a straight line and a planar catalyst fence is formed. However, a cylindrical catalyst or a cylindrical catalyst bent in a circumferential shape is arranged in an annular shape. A circular catalyst chain is formed, a plurality of circular catalyst chains are arranged concentrically to form a catalyst fence in which the catalyst is arranged in a concentric circle, and cleaning is performed between the catalysts arranged concentrically on the catalyst fence. Even if it arrange | positions a body, the catalytic reaction apparatus of this invention can be comprised, and the effect of this invention can be acquired.

[実施例1]
製鐵用のコークス炉から石炭乾留ガスを抽気して本発明の連続式固定床触媒反応装置を通気して改質ガスを製造する試験を行った。
[Example 1]
A test was conducted in which coal dry distillation gas was extracted from a coke oven for ironmaking and a reformed gas was produced by aeration through the continuous fixed bed catalyst reactor of the present invention.

(装置構成)
触媒反応装置、スクラバ、吸引用のブロワが上流化からこの順に並び、互いに通気管によって接続されており、ここを石炭乾留ガス及び改質ガスが通気する。ブロワの排気は、コークス炉に付帯するドライメーンに放出される。コークス炉と触媒反応装置の間の通気管は、電気ヒータによって加熱されて内部の石炭乾留ガス温度を維持される。
(Device configuration)
A catalytic reactor, a scrubber, and a suction blower are arranged in this order from upstream, and are connected to each other by a vent pipe, through which coal dry distillation gas and reformed gas are vented. The exhaust of the blower is discharged to a dry main attached to the coke oven. The vent pipe between the coke oven and the catalytic reactor is heated by an electric heater to maintain the internal coal dry distillation gas temperature.

(触媒反応装置)
図2の触媒反応装置で試験した。反応容器は、ステンレス鋼製であり、寸法が150mm厚×1200mm幅×2100mm高さで、上下に開口を持つダクト形状であった。反応容器のダクトの上端と下端にそれぞれ流入管と流出管を接続して通気するようにした。触媒反応装置の外面を電気ヒータによって加熱して所要の反応温度を維持した。
(Catalytic reactor)
The test was performed using the catalytic reactor shown in FIG. The reaction vessel was made of stainless steel, had a size of 150 mm thick × 1200 mm wide × 2100 mm high, and had a duct shape with openings at the top and bottom. An inflow pipe and an outflow pipe were connected to the upper and lower ends of the duct of the reaction vessel, respectively, so as to ventilate. The outer surface of the catalytic reactor was heated with an electric heater to maintain the required reaction temperature.

(作業条件)
作業条件は、次のとおりであった。
・石炭乾留ガス流入温度: 800℃
・電気加熱炉温度: 800℃
・石炭乾留ガス流量: 平均30Nm3/h
・石炭乾留ガス通気時間: 24時間
(Process conditions)
The working conditions were as follows:
・ Coal dry distillation gas inflow temperature: 800 ℃
・ Electric heating furnace temperature: 800 ℃
・ Coal carbonization gas flow rate: 30Nm 3 / h on average
・ Coal carbonization gas ventilation time: 24 hours

(触媒)
触媒としては、Ni0.1Ce0.1Mg0.8Oなる成分系のものを使用した。
硝酸ニッケル、硝酸セリウム、硝酸マグネシウムを各金属元素のモル比が1:1:8になるように精秤して、60℃の加温で混合水溶液を調製したものに、60℃に加温した炭酸カリウム水溶液を加えて、ニッケル、マグネシウム、及びセリウムを水酸化物として共沈させ、スターラーで十分に攪拌した。その後、60℃に保持したまま一定時間攪拌を続けて熟成を行った後、吸引ろ過を行い、80℃の純水で十分に洗浄を行った。洗浄後に得られた沈殿物を120℃で乾燥し粗粉砕した後、空気中600℃で焼成(か焼)したものを解砕した後にビーカーに入れ、アルミナゾルを加えて攪拌羽根を取り付けた混合器で十分混合したものをなすフラスコに移してロータリーエバポレーターに取り付け、攪拌しながら吸引することで、水分を蒸発させた。なすフラスコ壁面に付着したニッケルとマグネシウムとセリウムとアルミナの化合物を蒸発皿に移して120℃で乾燥、600℃でか焼後、粉末を圧縮成形器を用いてプレス成型し、外径15mm、内径5mm、高さ15mmの円筒状成型体を得た。
(catalyst)
As the catalyst, a component system of Ni 0.1 Ce 0.1 Mg 0.8 O was used.
Nickel nitrate, cerium nitrate, and magnesium nitrate were precisely weighed so that the molar ratio of each metal element was 1: 1: 8, and a mixed aqueous solution was prepared by heating at 60 ° C., and heated to 60 ° C. A potassium carbonate aqueous solution was added to coprecipitate nickel, magnesium, and cerium as hydroxides, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred with a stirrer. Thereafter, the mixture was aged for a certain period of time while being kept at 60 ° C., and then subjected to suction filtration and sufficiently washed with pure water at 80 ° C. The precipitate obtained after washing was dried at 120 ° C. and coarsely pulverized, then baked (calcined) at 600 ° C. in the air, crushed, put into a beaker, added with alumina sol, and a mixer equipped with stirring blades Then, the mixture was transferred to a flask which was mixed well and attached to a rotary evaporator, and the water was evaporated by suction while stirring. The nickel, magnesium, cerium and alumina compounds attached to the flask wall are transferred to an evaporating dish, dried at 120 ° C and calcined at 600 ° C. The powder is press-molded using a compression molding machine, and the outer diameter is 15 mm. A cylindrical molded body of 5 mm and a height of 15 mm was obtained.

その成型体を空気中950℃で焼成を行い、Ni0.1Ce0.1Mg0.8Oにアルミナが50質量%混合した触媒成型体を調製した。その成型体の成分をICP分析で確認した結果、所望の成分であることを確認した。また、その成型体を木屋式硬度計で計測したところ、約100Nの高い強度を保持することがわかった。 The molded body was fired in air at 950 ° C. to prepare a catalyst molded body in which 50% by mass of alumina was mixed with Ni 0.1 Ce 0.1 Mg 0.8 O. As a result of confirming the component of the molded body by ICP analysis, it was confirmed to be a desired component. Moreover, when the molding was measured with the Kiyama-type hardness meter, it was found that a high strength of about 100 N was maintained.

(触媒柵)
直径4mm、長さ50mmのステンレス製丸棒を中心棒として使用し、各中心棒に3個ずつの外径15mm長さ15mmのリング状触媒を貫通して触媒連を構成した(図2は模式的であり、触媒連の触媒の数は正確ではない)。2000本の触媒連の中心棒を互いに平行に等間隔で保持板の両面に溶接して触媒柵を形成した。保持板の底を水平な保持板に溶接し、この保持板が昇降装置に接続する配置とした。
(Catalyst fence)
A stainless steel round bar having a diameter of 4 mm and a length of 50 mm was used as a center bar, and a catalyst chain was formed by penetrating three ring-shaped catalysts having an outer diameter of 15 mm and a length of 15 mm on each center bar (FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram). The number of catalysts in the catalyst series is not accurate). The catalyst bars were formed by welding the center rods of 2,000 catalyst trains on both sides of the holding plate in parallel with each other at equal intervals. The bottom of the holding plate was welded to a horizontal holding plate, and this holding plate was arranged to be connected to the lifting device.

(昇降装置の駆動機構)
・駆動装置昇降ストローク: 20mm
・駆動装置上昇速度: 10mm/秒
・駆動装置下降速度: 80mm/秒
(Driving device drive mechanism)
・ Driver lifting stroke: 20mm
・ Drive device ascent speed: 10 mm / sec ・ Drive device ascent speed: 80 mm / sec

(結果)
図7を使って試験結果を説明する。図7の横軸は通気時間(反応時間)、右側の縦軸は反応容器での圧力損失、左側の縦軸はH2増幅率(改質ガス中の水素流量/石炭乾留ガス中の水素流量)を表している。図中下向きの矢印は、昇降装置の動作タイミングである。試験中に通気抵抗の上昇が認めらたが、都度、昇降装置を動作させることによって、許容限度範囲の圧力損失に維持することができた。石炭乾留ガス通気開始後に改質性能(H2増幅率)は徐々に低下したものの、良好なレベルを維持できた。
(result)
The test results will be described with reference to FIG. The horizontal axis in FIG. 7 is the aeration time (reaction time), the vertical axis on the right is the pressure loss in the reaction vessel, and the vertical axis on the left is the H 2 amplification factor (hydrogen flow rate in reformed gas / hydrogen flow rate in coal dry distillation gas. ). The downward arrow in the figure is the operation timing of the lifting device. Although an increase in ventilation resistance was observed during the test, it was possible to maintain the pressure loss within the allowable limit range by operating the lifting device each time. Although coal carbonization gas vent after starting the reforming performance (H 2 amplification rate) was gradually dropped, it was able to maintain good levels.

試験終了後に、反応容器を冷却し、解体して内部を調査した結果、固体カーボンの大半は、流入管内に堆積し、触媒上には顕著なバルク状の生成物は付着していなかった。触媒の損傷は特に認められなかった。   After completion of the test, the reaction vessel was cooled, disassembled, and the inside was examined. As a result, most of the solid carbon was deposited in the inflow pipe, and no significant bulk product was deposited on the catalyst. There was no particular damage to the catalyst.

[比較例1]
清掃体17(清掃体保持器18)がない構造とした以外の条件は、実施例1と同様にして15時間の石炭乾留ガス通気試験を行った。
[Comparative Example 1]
The coal dry distillation gas aeration test for 15 hours was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the cleaning body 17 (cleaning body holder 18) was not provided.

(結果)
試験中の圧損失上昇は、特に顕著ではなかった。
しかし、試験後の触媒反応器の解体調査では、触媒柵内に、鉛直方向に一直線の粒子落下流路を設けたにもかかわらず、一部の粒子落下路(集約気流路)では、触媒柵の下端近傍で触媒連間に固体カーボンの水平方向の架橋が確認され、この架橋部上に固体カーボンが堆積して粒子落下路(集約気流路)を閉塞させていることがわかった。このことは、改質性能には悪影響を与えたものと考えられる。
(result)
The increase in pressure loss during the test was not particularly significant.
However, in the dismantling investigation of the catalytic reactor after the test, in some catalyst drop fences (aggregate gas flow paths), even though a straight particle drop flow path is provided in the catalyst fence, In the vicinity of the lower end of the catalyst, horizontal cross-linking of the solid carbon was confirmed between the catalyst stations, and it was found that the solid carbon was deposited on the cross-linking portion to block the particle dropping path (aggregate gas flow path). This is considered to have adversely affected the reforming performance.

10 連続式固定床反応装置
11 反応容器
12 保持板
13 触媒
14 中心棒
15 触媒連
16 触媒柵
17 清掃体
18 清掃体保持板
19 連結棒
20 駆動機構
21 昇降装置
22 伝導軸
25 原料ガス
26 ガス主流方向
27 改質ガス
28 集約気流路
29 粒子落下路
31 原料ガス流入路
32 改質ガス流出路
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Continuous type fixed bed reactor 11 Reaction vessel 12 Holding plate 13 Catalyst 14 Center rod 15 Catalyst link 16 Catalyst fence 17 Cleaning body 18 Cleaning body holding plate 19 Connecting rod 20 Drive mechanism 21 Lifting device 22 Conductive shaft 25 Raw material gas 26 Gas main flow Direction 27 Reformed gas 28 Aggregated air flow path 29 Particle drop path 31 Raw material gas inflow path 32 Reformed gas outflow path

Claims (9)

触媒反応用の原料ガスの流入路及び改質ガスの流出路と、流入路及び流出路に接続され、かつ触媒を収容する触媒反応容器とを有する連続式固定床触媒反応装置であって、
円柱状の触媒と、
複数の円柱状の触媒を立設する保持板と、
隣り合う円柱状の触媒間の空間内に配置される清掃体17と、
触媒反応容器内において前記円柱状の触媒と前記清掃体17との間で相対運動を生じるように、前記円柱状の触媒と前記清掃体17のいずれかまたは両方を、往復運動させるための駆動機構と、
を具備することを特徴とする、連続式固定床触媒反応装置。
A continuous fixed-bed catalyst reaction apparatus having an inflow path for a source gas for catalytic reaction and an outflow path for a reformed gas, and a catalyst reaction vessel connected to the inflow path and the outflow path and containing a catalyst,
A cylindrical catalyst,
A holding plate for erecting a plurality of cylindrical catalysts;
A cleaning body 17 disposed in a space between adjacent cylindrical catalysts;
A drive mechanism for reciprocating either or both of the columnar catalyst and the cleaning body 17 so as to cause a relative motion between the columnar catalyst and the cleaning body 17 in a catalyst reaction vessel. When,
A continuous fixed-bed catalytic reactor characterized by comprising:
前記円柱状の触媒と前記清掃体17との間で相対運動の方向が、ガス主流方向であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の連続式固定床触媒反応装置。   2. The continuous fixed bed catalytic reactor according to claim 1, wherein the direction of relative movement between the cylindrical catalyst and the cleaning body 17 is a gas main flow direction. 前記触媒反応容器内において前記円柱状の触媒間に溜まった滞留物が落下除去されるための通路の方向がガス主流方向であることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の連続式固定床触媒反応装置。   The continuous fixed-bed catalyst according to claim 2, wherein the direction of the passage for dropping and removing the accumulated matter accumulated between the cylindrical catalysts in the catalyst reaction vessel is a gas main flow direction. Reactor. 前記ガス主流方向が略鉛直方向であり、
前記清掃体17が反応容器によって鉛直方向の可動性を拘束される清掃体17であり、
前記保持板が前記円柱状の触媒を略水平方向に保持する保持板であり、
前記駆動装置が前記保持板に接続して前記保持板を略鉛直方向に昇降させる駆動装置であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の連続式固定床触媒反応装置。
The gas main flow direction is a substantially vertical direction;
The cleaning body 17 is a cleaning body 17 whose vertical mobility is restrained by a reaction container,
The holding plate is a holding plate for holding the columnar catalyst in a substantially horizontal direction;
The continuous fixed bed catalytic reactor according to claim 3, wherein the driving device is a driving device that is connected to the holding plate and moves the holding plate up and down in a substantially vertical direction.
前記円柱状の触媒が複数の触媒をそれらの可動性を損なわずに貫通する中心棒から構成される触媒連であることを特徴とする、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の連続式固定床触媒反応装置。   The continuous catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the columnar catalyst is a continuous catalyst composed of a central rod that penetrates a plurality of catalysts without impairing their mobility. Type fixed bed catalytic reactor. 前記触媒反応用流体が炭化水素を含有するガスであり、触媒反応による生成物がガスと固体の炭化水素または固体のカーボンとであることを特徴とする、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の連続式固定床触媒反応装置。   6. The catalyst reaction fluid according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst reaction fluid is a gas containing a hydrocarbon, and a product of the catalyst reaction is a gas and solid hydrocarbon or solid carbon. A continuous fixed bed catalytic reactor described in 1. 前記触媒反応用流体がタールを含有するガスであることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の連続式固定床触媒反応装置。   The continuous fixed bed catalytic reactor according to claim 6, wherein the catalytic reaction fluid is a gas containing tar. 前記触媒が、ニッケル、マグネシウム、セリウム、アルミニウムを含む複合酸化物であって、アルミナを含まない複合酸化物からなる触媒であり、前記複合酸化物が、NiMgO、MgAl24、CeO2の結晶相からなることを特徴とする、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の連続式固定床触媒反応装置。 The catalyst is a composite oxide containing nickel, magnesium, cerium, and aluminum, and is a composite oxide not containing alumina. The composite oxide is a crystal of NiMgO, MgAl 2 O 4 , or CeO 2 . The continuous fixed bed catalytic reactor according to claim 1, comprising a phase. 請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載の連続式固定床触媒反応装置を用いて、触媒反応を行うことを特徴とする、連続式固定床触媒反応方法。   A continuous fixed-bed catalytic reaction method, wherein the catalytic reaction is carried out using the continuous fixed-bed catalytic reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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JP7381795B1 (en) 2023-04-07 2023-11-16 株式会社タクマ catalytic reactor

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