JP2009539598A - フルオロプロペンを含んでなるガス流の乾燥方法 - Google Patents
フルオロプロペンを含んでなるガス流の乾燥方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009539598A JP2009539598A JP2009514902A JP2009514902A JP2009539598A JP 2009539598 A JP2009539598 A JP 2009539598A JP 2009514902 A JP2009514902 A JP 2009514902A JP 2009514902 A JP2009514902 A JP 2009514902A JP 2009539598 A JP2009539598 A JP 2009539598A
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- fluoropropene
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- VJGCZWVJDRIHNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound CC=CF VJGCZWVJDRIHNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical group FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein Chemical group O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 25
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 5
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003109 Karl Fischer titration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical class CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019404 dichlorodifluoromethane Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- RFCAUADVODFSLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)Cl RFCAUADVODFSLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019406 chloropentafluoroethane Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- DMUPYMORYHFFCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC=C(F)C(F)(F)F DMUPYMORYHFFCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004340 Chloropentafluoroethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004338 Dichlorodifluoromethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical compound F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 established HFC Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002194 freeze distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical class OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001290 polyvinyl ester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/261—Drying gases or vapours by adsorption
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/38—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C17/389—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by adsorption on solids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C21/00—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms
- C07C21/02—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C07C21/18—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds containing fluorine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
- F25B43/003—Filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
- B01D2253/108—Zeolites
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Drying Of Gases (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
ゼオライト分子篩3Å、5Åおよび13XをAldrich Chemical Company.から購入した。4ÅXH分子篩は、National Regrigeration Suppliersから、絞り加工した(spun)銅カートリッジに収容されたものを購入した。冷媒の含水量を測定するためのKarl-Fischer滴定は、GRScientificから供給されたCou-Lo Compact計器で行った。
MS3A MS4A MS5A MS13X
TFIM 0.003 0.012 0.009 0.02
R-1234yf 0.003 0.01 0.021 0.019
R-134a 0.004 0.007 0.009 0.02
MS3A MS4A MS5A MS13X
TFIM 0.097 0.088 0.091 0.08
R-1234yf 0.097 0.09 0.079 0.081
R-134a 0.096 0.093 0.091 0.08
例1の変形で、湿ったR-1225yeを様々な分子篩で試験し、R-134aと比較した。
R-1225ye 0.095 0.005
R-134a 0.096 0.004
5A mg水/mg篩 mg水/mg篩
R-1225ye 0.084 0.016
R-134a 0.091 0.009
4A mg水/mg篩 mg水/mg篩
R-1225ye 0.093 0.007
R-134a 0.093 0.007
13X mg水/mg篩 mg水/mg篩
R-1225ye 0.069 0.031
R-134a 0.080 0.020
Claims (25)
- フルオロプロペンを含んでなる流体を乾燥させる方法であって、前記流体を、開口部の最大寸法を横切るサイズが約3Å〜約5Åである開口部を有する分子篩を含んでなる乾燥剤と接触させることを含んでなる、方法。
- 前記分子篩が、開口部の最大寸法を横切るサイズが約3Å〜約4Åである開口部を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記分子篩が、開口部の最大寸法を横切るサイズが約4Åである開口部を有する、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記フルオロプロペンがR-1234yfまたはR-1225yeである、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記流体は、少なくとも一種の追加冷媒成分を含んでなる、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも一種の追加冷媒成分が、CF3I、R-134aおよびR-152aから選択される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記流体が、潤滑剤をさらに含んでなる、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記潤滑剤が、エステル、PAG、PVE、鉱油および合成炭化水素から選択される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記流体が、安定剤をさらに含んでなる、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記安定剤が、エポキシド、ジエンおよびフェノールから選択される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記流体が、染料をさらに含んでなる、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記染料がフルオレセンである、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥剤が、分子篩以外の少なくとも一種の他の乾燥剤または吸着材を含んでなる、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも一種の他の乾燥剤または吸着材が、アルミナ、シリカおよび活性炭から選択される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥剤が、分子篩以外の更なる乾燥剤を含まない、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記流体が熱移動流体である、請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥剤が、カートリッジ中に含まれる、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- フルオロプロペンを含んでなる流体の製造方法であって、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の流体を乾燥させる方法を含んでなる、方法。
- フルオロプロペンを含んでなる熱移動流体を使用する冷却方法であって、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の流体を乾燥させる方法を含んでなる、方法。
- 前記冷却方法が、可動空調装置中で行われる、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記可動空調装置が自動車用空調装置である、請求項20に記載の方法。
- フルオロプロペンを含んでなる熱移動流体、および開口部の最大寸法を横切るサイズが約3Å〜約5Åである開口部を有する分子篩を含んでなる乾燥剤を含んでなる、熱移動装置。
- 前記熱移動装置が冷却装置である、請求項22に記載の熱移動装置。
- 前記熱移動装置が自動車用空調装置である、請求項22または23に記載の熱移動装置。
- 実質的に上述した、フルオロプロペンを含んでなる流体の乾燥方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0611742.8 | 2006-06-14 | ||
GBGB0611742.8A GB0611742D0 (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2006-06-14 | Desiccants for fluids |
PCT/GB2007/002223 WO2007144632A1 (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2007-06-14 | Process for drying a gas stream comprising a fluoropropene |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2009539598A true JP2009539598A (ja) | 2009-11-19 |
JP2009539598A5 JP2009539598A5 (ja) | 2011-11-10 |
JP4899013B2 JP4899013B2 (ja) | 2012-03-21 |
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JP2009514902A Active JP4899013B2 (ja) | 2006-06-14 | 2007-06-14 | フルオロプロペンを含んでなるガス流の乾燥方法 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
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US (3) | US10130909B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2035117B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4899013B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101177924B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101472664B (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE508785T1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2395399T3 (ja) |
GB (2) | GB0611742D0 (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1132700A1 (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2008015858A (ja) |
PT (1) | PT2035117E (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007144632A1 (ja) |
ZA (1) | ZA200810759B (ja) |
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WO2012033088A1 (ja) * | 2010-09-07 | 2012-03-15 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 含フッ素化合物からの水分除去方法 |
JP2013241389A (ja) * | 2012-04-25 | 2013-12-05 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | フルオロオレフィンを含む流体の乾燥方法、およびフルオロオレフィンの製造方法 |
US9174897B2 (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2015-11-03 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Method for purifying trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene |
WO2016047298A1 (ja) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-03-31 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | ハロオレフィン類組成物 |
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JP2017210489A (ja) * | 2012-04-27 | 2017-11-30 | 旭硝子株式会社 | テトラフルオロプロペンの保存方法およびテトラフルオロプロペンの保存容器 |
US9862660B2 (en) | 2014-02-20 | 2018-01-09 | Asahi Glass Company, Limited | Method for purifying fluid that includes trifluoroethylene, and method for producing trifluoroethylene |
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JP2021507951A (ja) * | 2017-11-30 | 2021-02-25 | ハネウェル・インターナショナル・インコーポレーテッドHoneywell International Inc. | 熱伝達組成物、方法、及びシステム |
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FR2933402B1 (fr) | 2008-07-03 | 2010-07-30 | Arkema France | Procede de purification de 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (hfo1234yf) |
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JP2012056866A (ja) * | 2010-09-07 | 2012-03-22 | Daikin Industries Ltd | 含フッ素化合物からの水分除去方法 |
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HK1132700A1 (en) | 2010-03-05 |
PT2035117E (pt) | 2011-07-14 |
US10926215B2 (en) | 2021-02-23 |
US10493399B2 (en) | 2019-12-03 |
CN101472664B (zh) | 2011-11-16 |
WO2007144632A1 (en) | 2007-12-21 |
KR101177924B1 (ko) | 2012-08-28 |
GB2439209B (en) | 2008-11-12 |
CN101472664A (zh) | 2009-07-01 |
US20190083927A1 (en) | 2019-03-21 |
US10130909B2 (en) | 2018-11-20 |
GB0611742D0 (en) | 2006-07-26 |
MX2008015858A (es) | 2009-01-30 |
EP2035117A1 (en) | 2009-03-18 |
JP4899013B2 (ja) | 2012-03-21 |
US20100162738A1 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
ZA200810759B (en) | 2009-11-25 |
US20200101417A1 (en) | 2020-04-02 |
KR20090054955A (ko) | 2009-06-01 |
GB2439209A (en) | 2007-12-19 |
EP2035117B1 (en) | 2011-05-11 |
ES2395399T3 (es) | 2013-02-12 |
BRPI0713423A2 (pt) | 2012-03-13 |
ATE508785T1 (de) | 2011-05-15 |
GB0711473D0 (en) | 2007-07-25 |
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