JP2007254713A - 炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油及びそれを用いた冷凍機システム - Google Patents
炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油及びそれを用いた冷凍機システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007254713A JP2007254713A JP2007021757A JP2007021757A JP2007254713A JP 2007254713 A JP2007254713 A JP 2007254713A JP 2007021757 A JP2007021757 A JP 2007021757A JP 2007021757 A JP2007021757 A JP 2007021757A JP 2007254713 A JP2007254713 A JP 2007254713A
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- Prior art keywords
- refrigerating machine
- oil
- refrigerant
- machine oil
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000010721 machine oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- -1 polyol ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical group CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 26
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- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
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- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 3
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
【解決手段】炭素数1〜5の炭化水素を含む冷媒と冷凍機油を含む作動流体が、冷凍機システム内部で有機高分子材料と接触する冷凍機システムに用いられる冷凍機油であって、鉱油85〜99重量%と、分子内に2個以上の酸素原子を含む有機化合物からなる合成油1〜15重量%とを含むものである。酸素原子を含む有機化合物がエステル結合及び/又はエーテル結合を有すること、酸素原子を含む有機化合物がネオペンチルポリオールと炭素数4〜12の1価脂肪酸とのポリオールエステルであること、冷媒がプロパン及び/又はイソブタンであること、有機高分子材料がポリエチレンテレフタレート及び/又はポリブチレンテレフタレートであることが好ましい。
【選択図】なし
Description
本発明の冷凍機油は、鉱油85〜99重量%、好ましくは88〜97重量%と、分子内に2個以上の酸素原子を含む有機化合物からなる合成油1〜15重量%、好ましくは3〜12重量%とを含むものである。分子内に2個以上の酸素原子を含む有機化合物からなる合成油の含有量が1重量%未満又は15重量%を超えると(即ち、鉱油の含有量が99重量%を超えたり85重量%未満では)、オリゴマーの発生を十分に抑制することができない。
鉱油としては、n-d-M環分析による%CAが15以下、窒素分が50ppm以下、硫黄分が2,000ppm以下の性状を有する鉱油を用いることが好ましい。%CAの値は粘度指数に大きく影響し、これが大きくなると粘度指数が低くなり、%CAが15を超える鉱油では冷凍機油としてあまり好ましくない。また、%CPが40以上、特には50以上の鉱油は潤滑性が高く、潤滑性の乏しい炭化水素冷媒によって希釈されても充分な潤滑性を保持することができ、軸受の磨耗や焼付きなどが起こりにくくなるので、%CPが40以上の鉱油を用いることが好ましく、%CPが50以上の鉱油を用いることが更に好ましい。これらの%CA及び%CPは、ASTM D3238に規定されるn-d-M環分析によって求められるものである。
合成油は、分子内に2個以上の酸素原子を含む有機化合物からなるもので、特には、エステル結合及び/又はエーテル結合を有する化合物からなることが好ましい。具体的には、ポリオールエステル、ジエステルおよびポリエーテルの一種をまたは二種以上を混合して用いることができるが、ポリオールエステルを用いることが好ましい。
ポリオールエステルとしては、ジオールあるいは水酸基を3〜20個有するポリオールと、炭素数6〜20の脂肪酸とのエステルが好ましく用いられる。ここで、ジオールとしては、具体的には、エチレングリコール、1,3−プロパンジオール、プロピレングリコール、1,4−ブタンジオール、1,2−ブタンジオール、2−メチル−1,3−プロパンジオール、1,5−ペンタンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、1,6−ヘキサンジオール、2−エチル−2−メチル−1,3−プロパンジオール、1,7−ヘプタンジオール、2−メチル−2−プロピル−1,3−プロパンジオール、2,2−ジエチル−1,3−プロパンジオール、1,8−オクタンジオール、1,9−ノナンジオール、1,10−デカンジオール、1,11−ウンデカンジオール、1,12−ドデカンジオール等が挙げられる。
ジエステルとしては、炭素数4〜14の多塩基酸と、炭素数5〜18のアルコールとのエステルが好ましく用いられる。ここで、多塩基酸としては、具体的には、アジピン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、ウンデカン二酸、ドデカン二酸等が挙げられ、アジピン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸が好ましい。
ポリエーテルは、複数のエーテル結合を有する有機化合物であり、代表的には次の化1または化2で表されるアルキルエーテル、または化3で表される構成単位を有するポリビニールエーテルが挙げられる。
本発明に使用される冷媒としては、炭素数1〜5(好ましくは2〜4)の低分子量の炭化水素化合物、具体的には、メタン、エタン、プロパン、n−ブタン、イソブタン、n−ペンタン、イソペンタン、ネオペンタンなどのアルカン化合物、及びシクロプロパン、シクロブタン、シクロペンタンなどのシクロパラフィン化合物等、さらには、一部の炭素間結合が二重結合である前記化合物の誘導体(前記化合物に対応するオレフィン)も用いることができる。また、冷媒として、これらの化合物は単独で用いることも、2種以上を適宜組み合わせて用いることもできる。これらのうちで、プロパン又はイソブタンが特に好ましい。
本発明の冷凍機システムは、炭素数1〜5の炭化水素を含む冷媒と冷凍機油を含む作動流体が、冷凍機システム内部で有機高分子材料と接触する冷凍機システムであって、前記冷凍機油が、鉱油85〜99重量%と、分子内に2個以上の酸素原子を含む有機化合物からなる合成油1〜15重量%とを含むことを特徴とする。本発明の冷凍機システムは、例えば、圧縮機、凝縮器、膨張機構(例えば、膨張弁)、蒸発器を含み、冷媒と冷凍機油を含む作動流体がこの系内を循環している。圧縮機は、それを駆動する電動モータと同じハウジングに収められており、作動流体により、電動モータが潤滑、冷却されている場合に好ましく用いられる。作動流体は、冷媒と冷凍機油を10:90〜90:10、特には20:80〜80:20の重量割合で混合されていることが好ましい。
本発明の冷凍機油には、必要に応じて他の添加剤を適宜配合してもよい。該添加剤としては、2,6−ジ−ターシャリーブチルフェノール、2,6−ジ−ターシャリーブチル−p−クレゾール、4,4−メチレン−ビス−(2,6−ジ−ターシャリーブチル−p−クレゾール)、p,p’−ジ−オクチル−ジ−フェニルアミンなどのフェノール系又はアミン系の酸化防止剤、フェニルグリシジルエーテル、アルキルグリシジルエーテル、フェニルグリシジルエステル、アルキルグリシジルエステルなどの安定剤、トリクレジルホスフェート、トリフェニルホスフェートなどの極圧剤、グリセリンモノオレート、グリセリンモノオレイルエーテル、グリセリンモノラウリルエーテルなどの油性剤、ベンゾトリアゾールなどの金属不活性化剤、ポリジメチルシロキサン、ポリメタクリアクリレートなどの消泡剤又は制泡剤などが挙げられる。
100mL容量のボンベに、供試油30g、炭化水素冷媒(イソブタン、R600a)10gとPET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)フィルム1gを入れ、オートクレーブを用い、150℃で14日間放置した。その後、供試油と炭化水素冷媒を0.8μmミリポアフィルターでろ過し、重量増加により析出量を測定した。その結果を、析出物量として表2、3に示した。
冷蔵庫用コンプレッサーに表2、3の供試油2,3,6,7を冷凍機油として220ml入れ、冷媒として炭化水素冷媒(イソブタン、R600a)30gを使用した。この冷蔵庫用コンプレッサーの吐出側に凝縮機、吸入側に蒸発機をそれぞれ接続し、凝縮機と蒸発機の間にキャピラリーを接続し、評価用の冷凍システムを構成した。冷蔵庫用コンプレッサーは、内部にレシプロ型コンプレッサーとそれを駆動する電動モータを備えており、電動モータの絶縁のためにポリエチレンテレフタレートが用いられている。冷凍機油と冷媒からなる作動流体は、冷却のために電動モータに直接接触している。この冷蔵庫用コンプレッサーを吐出圧力5〜6kg/cm2・G、吸入圧力0kg/cm2・Gの条件で、500時間連続運転を行った。その結果、キャピラリー詰りが発生したか否かを評価し、表2、3に併せて示した。
Claims (10)
- 炭素数1〜5の炭化水素を含む冷媒と冷凍機油を含む作動流体が、冷凍機システム内部で有機高分子材料と接触する冷凍機システムに用いられる冷凍機油であって、
鉱油85〜99重量%と、分子内に2個以上の酸素原子を含む有機化合物からなる合成油1〜15重量%とを含む炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油。 - 請求項1記載の酸素原子を含む有機化合物がエステル結合及び/又はエーテル結合を有する請求項1記載の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油。
- 請求項1記載の酸素原子を含む有機化合物が、ネオペンチルポリオールと炭素数4〜12の1価脂肪酸とのポリオールエステルである請求項1に記載の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油。
- 請求項1記載の冷媒がプロパン及び/又はイソブタンである請求項1に記載の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油。
- 請求項1記載の有機高分子材料がポリエチレンテレフタレート及び/又はポリブチレンテレフタレートである請求項1に記載の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油。
- 炭素数1〜5の炭化水素を含む冷媒と冷凍機油を含む作動流体が、冷凍機システム内部で有機高分子材料と接触する冷凍機システムであって、
前記冷凍機油が、鉱油85〜99重量%と、分子内に2個以上の酸素原子を含む有機化合物からなる合成油1〜15重量%とを含むことを特徴とする冷凍機システム。 - 請求項6記載の酸素原子を含む有機化合物がエステル結合及び/又はエーテル結合を有する請求項6記載の冷凍機システム。
- 請求項6記載の酸素原子を含む有機化合物が、ネオペンチルポリオールと炭素数4〜12の1価脂肪酸とのポリオールエステルである請求項6に記載の冷凍機システム。
- 請求項6記載の冷媒がプロパン及び/又はイソブタンである請求項6に記載の冷凍機システム。
- 請求項6記載の有機高分子材料がポリエチレンテレフタレート及び/又はポリブチレンテレフタレートである請求項6に記載の冷凍機システム。
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JP2002194375A (ja) * | 2000-12-25 | 2002-07-10 | Hitachi Ltd | 冷凍・空調用作動媒体組成物及び該組成物を用いた冷凍・空調装置 |
JP2004092509A (ja) * | 2002-08-30 | 2004-03-25 | Toshiba Kyaria Kk | 往復式密閉型圧縮機 |
JP2005325151A (ja) * | 2004-05-12 | 2005-11-24 | Japan Energy Corp | 冷凍機用潤滑油組成物 |
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US20110120175A1 (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2011-05-26 | Hiromitsu Kamishima | Refrigeration Circuit |
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JP2019158233A (ja) * | 2018-03-13 | 2019-09-19 | Jxtgエネルギー株式会社 | 冷凍機、冷凍機油の使用、オリゴマーの溶出を抑制する方法、冷凍機油、冷凍機用作動流体組成物、及び冷凍機油の製造方法 |
JP7198589B2 (ja) | 2018-03-13 | 2023-01-04 | Eneos株式会社 | 冷凍機、冷凍機油の使用、オリゴマーの溶出を抑制する方法、冷凍機油、冷凍機用作動流体組成物、及び冷凍機油の製造方法 |
Also Published As
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CN101024793B (zh) | 2013-04-17 |
CN101024793A (zh) | 2007-08-29 |
KR101393815B1 (ko) | 2014-05-12 |
KR20070087513A (ko) | 2007-08-28 |
JP5214151B2 (ja) | 2013-06-19 |
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