JP2007208996A - ダイバーシチ送信を伴う加入者位置測定のための無線電話システム - Google Patents
ダイバーシチ送信を伴う加入者位置測定のための無線電話システム Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】ディジタル電話トラフィックを搬送するデータパケットを三つの互いに異なるアンテナから三つの異なる時点で送信し、移動局加入者装置受信機は同一のデータパケットを三つの互いに異なる時点で三つの互いに異なるアンテナから受信し、最良のデータパケットまたはこれらデータパケットの組合せを用いてフェージングの影響を低減する。各々が一つの空間的に別個のアンテナを有する三つの転送局を用い、加入者局受信機は三つの反復データパケットの絶対到達時間と相対到達時間とを用いて三つの送信アンテナまでのそれぞれの距離を算定する。
【選択図】図4
Description
図1に示したこの発明の第1の実施例においては、アンテナ10を備える移動局ユーザがCDMA転送局14に結合されている。CDMA転送局14はアンテナT16、アンテナA11、アンテナB12、アンテナC13を備える。アンテナA、BおよびCは図示のとおり互いに別個の構造物に取り付けるか、単一のマストに取り付ける。物理的要件はこれらアンテナ相互間の間隔を非相関スペースダイバーシチ達成に十分な値にすることだけである。4分の1波長間隔で十分であるが、少なくとも10波長間隔にするのが好ましい。1GHzでは10波長は約30フィート、5GHzでは10波長は約6フィートである。
コミュニケーションズ社発売の「ウルトラフォン」ディジタル無線電話システムなど市販の無線ローカルループシステムで構成できる。TDMA時間スロット構成は転送局経由で搬送され、出力側のスロット化CDMA信号の時間スロット構成になる。接続手段WEは、24の音声チャンネルについての基本的接続可能性を提供するために並列動作の四つのWモジュールがある以外は接続手段Wと同じである。接続手段Fは電話交換センター22を無線基地局経由なしにCDMA転送局に接続する光ファイバケーブルを用いる。接続手段F(光ファイバケーブル)はWおよびWEと同様のTDM/TDMAチャンネル構成のモデムを含むので、転送局との間のインタフェースは容易にとれる。電話交換センター22とCDMA転送局30との間の接続手段FT(標準T1多重を搬送する光ファイバケーブル)はチャンネル組合せ手段として標準T1マルチプレクサを用いる光ファイバケーブルである。したがって、WE接続手段を扱う転送局はFT接続手段との動作に容易に適合できる。CDMA転送局26への接続C(同軸ケーブル)およびCDMA転送局28への接続CT(T1標準多重を搬送する同軸ケーブル)は、FおよびFTとそれぞれ同様に機能するケーブル手段である。CDMA転送局36への接続手段Lは無線TDMA接続手段Wと同じ構成の100kb/sまでのデータストリームを搬送する条件付き電線路である。接続手段LE(図示してない)は接続手段WEと同じように機能するために四つの条件付き電線路を用いる。CDMA転送局34への接続手段PGは転送局とインタフェースする対利得機能である。
図4は高度化したスペースダイバーシチを備える無線電話分配システムを図解している。先の例と同様に、移動機ユーザアンテナ10を時間スロット1の期間中にアンテナAと、時間スロット2の期間中にアンテナBと、時間スロット3の期間中にアンテナCとそれぞれ結合する。しかし、アンテナA、BおよびCは互いに別々のCDMA転送局54、56および58にそれぞれ取り付けてある。より詳しくいうと、アンテナA60はCDMA転送局54に設けてあり、アンテナB68はCDMA転送局56に設けてあり、アンテナC64はCDMA転送局58に設けてある。これら転送局54、56および58はアンテナ62、70および66をそれぞれ経てTDMA無線ディジタル電話システムに結合されている。アンテナA、BおよびCから加入者局アンテナ10の受ける信号は図4の構成の受信信号と同様である。しかし、アンテナA、BおよびCがそれぞれ個々の転送局54、56、58にあって互いに隔てられているので、信号ダイバーシチが送信および受信の両方で大幅に改善されている。
回線設定または転送を要する場合は、基地局が基地局周波数および転送局周波数の対、スロットおよびPN系列を割り当てる。次に、その回線をどの加入者が使うのかの割当ておよび指定のすべてを転送局に送信する。呼セットアップの期間中に、その転送局がスロットおよびPN系列割当てを所望の加入者局に転送する。例えば、TDMA時間スロット1乃至8をユーザA乃至Fにそれぞれ関連づけた図17を参照されたい。所与の時間スロット、例えば時間スロット2では、ユーザBへのメッセージは同期情報1701、システム全体の機能のための共通制御データ1702、個別制御データ1704およびユーザBのための専用ユーザトラフィック1705を含む。専用ユーザトラフィック1705は呼セットアップ期間中にシグナリング情報および初期化データの送信に用いる。
信号圧縮および圧縮解除、順方向誤り訂正(FEC)を基地局で行う。順方向(加入者局に向かう方向)では、基地局が連続的に送信するが各スロットの情報は特定の加入者局に向けられる。
正しいCDMA符号を用いる加入者局は、情報信号反復を含む三つのスロットの各々の期間中に、互いに異なる位置に配置してある三つのアンテナからのデータパケットの同一内容三回反復を受信するやり方で受信を行う。次に、加入者局は三つの受信結果を比較して、誤り率、位相歪み、信号対雑音比などに基づく最良品質のものを選択する。このようにして、スペースダイバーシチ送信を達成できる。加入者局ではアンテナは一つだけでよい。加入者局は信号を復調して復号化し、誤り訂正、圧縮解除などを行う。三つの時間スロット全部からの信号電力の組合せに最大尤度コンバイナを用いることができる。受信データパケットのエネルギーを最小判定の前に最大値手法で組み合わせるのが理想的である。
逆方向(加入者局から転送局に向かう方向)については、三つの受信装置を転送局の三つのアンテナにそれぞれ接続して慣用の三分岐スペースダイバーシチを形成する。干渉および利用可能回線数の上記分析が順方向送信の場合と同様に逆方向送信にも適合するが、情報が一度だけ送信され三つの基地局アンテナで同時に受信される点だけが異なっている。
CDMA転送局はアンテナTにTDMA入力を受ける。転送局アンテナA、BおよびCの出力側は人口密度の比較的高い地域における多数の加入者に到達するためにCDMA構成を用いる。CDMAはこの用途に望ましいいくつかの属性を備える。マルチパス環境では広帯域信号はもともと強く、意図的または自然の干渉への耐性を備える。選択性フェージングによって全スペクトラムが抑圧される可能性は送信スペクトラムの増加とともに減少する。高いチップ速度、すなわち増大したTW積は所期性能レベルの達成に必要な対フェージングマージンの大きさを軽減させる。
この発明の第2の実施例による転送局を図12に示す。この転送局は一つだけのCDMAアンテナA、BまたはCを備えている点を除き図8および9の転送局と同じである。より詳しくいうと、図12においてアンテナ1200が送受信切換スイッチ1202経由でTDMA受信機1204に接続されている。TDMA受信機1204の出力はデマルチプレクサ1206でデマルチプレクスされ時間スロットバッファ1208に蓄積される。時間スロットバッファ1208に蓄積したデータパケットはマルチプレクサ1210で時間多重化されて複数のCDMAエンコーダ1212の一つに供給される。エンコードされたCDMA信号はCDMA送信機1214で増幅され、ダイプレクサ1218経由でアンテナA1228に導かれる。
この発明による加入者局のブロック図を図13に示す。アンテナ1300が送受信切換スイッチ1302経由でCDMA受信機1304に接続してある。CDMA受信機1304の出力はデータパケットをデータバッファ1306、1308および1310に供給する。コンバイナ1314はバッファ1306、1308および1310に保持されたデータを選択して結合し、D−A変換器1316に出力を供給し、同変換器内の圧縮解除手段で圧縮信号を圧縮解除して可聴周波数出力を生ずる。アナログ可聴周波数入力はデータ圧縮手段つきのA−D変換器1322に供給される。A−D変換器1322の出力はメモリバッファ3120内でデータパケットに組み立てられたディジタル形式の可聴周波数信号サンプルである。CDMA送信機1318はメモリバッファ1320の内容でエンコードを行い、CDMA符号化した信号を送受信切換スイッチ1302経由でアンテナ1300に供給する。CDMA加入者局は同期およびタイミング制御装置1312、すなわち後述のとおり位置測定のための信号遅延の測定も行う制御装置が同期させる。
六つの同時的な呼を多重化する時間スロット割当てを図10Aに示す。送信用時間スロット割当て1002および受信用時間スロット割当て1004が図解してある。各囲みへの記入事項は対応時間スロット期間中の活動などである。時間スロット1の期間にはアンテナAがT1をユーザ1に送信し、アンテナBがT6をユーザ6に送信し、アンテナCがT4をユーザ4に送信する。同時に、アンテナA、BおよびCはユーザ5からR5を受信する。次の時間スロット2の期間にはアンテナAがT2をユーザ2に、アンテナBがT1をユーザ1に、アンテナCがT5をユーザ5にそれぞれ送信する。同時に、アンテナA、BおよびCはR6をユーザ6から受信する。図10Aの図表を続けて参照すると、時間スロット3の期間にはアンテナAがT3をユーザ3に、アンテナBがT2をユーザ2に、アンテナCがT6をユーザ6にそれぞれ送信する。同時に、アンテナA、BおよびCはユーザ1からR1を受信する。
転送局とダイバーシチアンテナとの間の距離は1000フィート以上の広帯域ケーブル利用の性能強化により延長される。転送局は最終段無線周波数スペクトラム拡散信号をそのケーブル経由でアンテナに送る。そのケーブルの末端にあるアンテナは無線周波数増幅器を備える、ケーブルによる実動化分配信号は多元転送局送信ダイバーシチ受信手法について述べたのと同じ対通信障害改善をもたらす。
図20は乗用車およびそのアンテナをユーザアンテナUで表して図1または図4の無線リンクを示す。これら無線リンクは図10Aに示すように時間スロット割当てされている。無線リンクAUは時間スロット割当てを受けて時間スロット1の期間に形成される。無線リンクBUも時間スロット割当て式でスロット2の期間に形成される。無線リンクAUも時間スロット割当て式でスロット4の期間に形成される。無線リンクAUはUからアンテナAまでの絶対距離を確立する。アンテナAまでの距離が無線リンクAUとBUとの間の経路長差の測定の基準を形成する。同様に、無線リンクAUの経路長は無線リンクAUとCUとの間の経路長差の測定の基準としても使える。
加入者局受信機は既知の地点から三つの互いに異なる経路経由で情報を受信しているので、固定の基準時点に対するメッセージ到達時点の測定により位置特定情報を算出できる。測定精度はチップ速度に左右されるが、毎秒10メガチップのチップ速度で十分に正確である。ユーザ端末でどの程度の信号処理が可能であるかによって、位置測定および表示にはいくつかの方法がある。その選択はその情報を実際に使うのは誰かによる。相対チップオフセット情報だけを用い、現在位置のセルから基準を得るのでかなり受動的になりうる。ユーザはGPSシステムの利用の場合と同様に自局の位置を局地的に算出しそれを表示することもできる。
3 送信
5 走査
6 予備
10 CDMA転送局
11,12,13,16 アンテナ
14 CDMA(符号分割多元接続)転送局
20 公衆通信用電話交換網
22 電話交換センターおよび中央系処理装置
24 TDMA(時分割多元接続)基地局
26 CDMA転送局
40 TDMA加入者局
42 CDMA加入者局
54,56,58 転送局
60,64,68 アンテナ
72 公衆通信用電話交換網
74 TDMA基地局
92 電話交換センターおよび中央系処理装置
94 TDMA基地局
96,98,100,102,104,106,108 CDMA転送局
110 TDMA加入者局
112 CDMA加入者局
800 TDMA受信局
802 デマルチプレクサ
804 位置特定符号を含む同期および制御装置
806 時間スロットバッファ
808 時間マルチプレクサ
810,812,814 複数CDMAエンコーダ
816,818,820 CDMA送信機
828 TDMA受信機 図8のCDMA送信機
900 CDMA受信機 図9のTDMA送信機
902,904,906 CDMA受信機
908 最大尤度コンバイナ
910 メモリバッファおよび時間スロットマルチプレクサ
912 同期および制御装置
914 TDMA送信機
Claims (14)
- 符号分割多元接続(CDMA)ユニットであって、
ビット系列を搬送する信号を受信するように構成されたユニットアンテナと、
前記ユニットアンテナに接続され、前記ビット系列を検出しその検出したビット系列に応答して複数のダイバーシチ送信無線周波数信号、すなわち第1および第2のアンテナから送信され各々が複数の時間スロット経由でデータを搬送し関連の拡散符号を有する複数のダイバーシチ送信無線周波数信号を信号処理するように構成された第1の回路と、
前記第1の回路に接続され、前記第1の回路から前記データの供給を受けて周波数ホッピングを施した信号経由で前記データを送信する第2の回路と
を含むCDMAユニット。 - 前記信号が前記複数の時間スロットの持続時間よりも小さい長さの時間にわたり同期情報をさらに搬送する請求項1記載のCDMAユニット。
- 符号分割多元接続(CDMA)ユニットであって、
ビット系列を搬送する信号を受信するように構成されたユニットアンテナと、
前記ユニットアンテナに接続され、対応の送受信局アンテナからの複数の無線周波数信号、すなわち前記送受信局アンテナの第1のものから送信され第1の期間にデータを搬送するとともに関連の拡散符号を有する第1の無線周波数信号と、前記送受信局アンテナの第2のものから送信され前記第1の期間以外の第2の期間に前記データを搬送し前記拡散符号に関連づけられている第2の無線周波数信号とを含む複数の無線周波数信号を信号処理するように構成された第1の回路であって、前記ビット系列を検出したか否かに基づき前記信号処理の対象の前記無線周波数信号の数を変え得る第1の回路と、
前記第1の回路に接続され、前記第1の回路から前記データの供給を受けて周波数ホッピングを施した信号経由で前記データを送信する第2の回路と
を含むCDMAユニット。 - 複数の時間スロット経由で送信される前記第1および第2の無線周波数信号の少なくとも一方がさらに同期情報を搬送し、前記同期情報が前記複数の時間スロットの各々の持続時間よりも小さい長さの時間にわたり前記ユニットアンテナで受信される請求項3記載のCDMAユニット。
- 前記第1および第2の無線周波数信号が送信ダイバーシチ信号である請求項3記載のCDMAユニット。
- 符号分割多元接続(CDMA)ユニットであって、
ビット系列を搬送する信号を受信するように構成されたユニットアンテナと、
前記ユニットアンテナに接続され、拡散信号に従ってスペクトラム拡散符号化されたデータを第1の期間に搬送し第1の送受信局アンテナから送信される第1の無線周波数信号を信号処理するように構成されているとともに、前記ビット系列を検出しその検出したビット系列に応答して第2の無線周波数信号、すなわち第2の送受信局アンテナから送信され前記第1の期間以外の第2の期間に前記データを搬送し前記拡散符号に関連づけられている第2の無線周波数信号を信号処理するように構成されている第1の回路と、
前記第1の回路に接続され、前記第1の回路から前記データの供給を受けて周波数ホッピングを施した信号経由で前記データを送信する第2の回路と
を含むCDMAユニット。 - 複数の時間スロット経由で送信される前記第1および第2の無線周波数信号の少なくとも一方がさらに同期情報を搬送し、前記同期情報が前記複数の時間スロットの各々の持続時間よりも小さい長さの時間にわたり前記ユニットアンテナで受信される請求項6記載のCDMAユニット。
- 前記第1および第2の無線周波数信号が送信ダイバーシチ信号である請求項6記載のCDMAユニット。
- 符号分割多元接続(CDMA)ユニットに関連づけられたアンテナでビット系列を搬送する信号を受信する過程と、
符号分割多元接続(CDMA)ユニットにおいて前記アンテナに接続した回路で前記ビット系列を検出する過程と、
前記CDMAユニットにおいて検出した前記ビット系列に応答して複数のダイバーシチ送信無線周波数信号、すなわち第1および第2の送受信局アンテナから送信され、各々が複数の時間スロット経由でデータを搬送するとともに関連の拡散符号を有する複数のダイバーシチ送信無線周波数信号を信号処理する過程と、
前記データを周波数ホッピングを施した信号経由で送信する過程と
を含む通信方法。 - 符号分割多元接続(CDMA)ユニットに関連づけられたアンテナでビット系列を搬送する信号を受信する過程と、
符号分割多元接続(CDMA)ユニットにおいて前記アンテナに接続した回路で前記ビット系列を検出する過程と、
前記CDMAユニットにおいて対応の送受信局アンテナから送信された複数の無線周波数信号、すなわち前記送受信局アンテナのうちの第1のものから送信され第1の期間にデータを搬送し関連の拡散符号を有する第1の無線周波数信号と、前記送受信局アンテナのうちの第2のものから送信され前記第1の期間以外の第2の期間に前記データを搬送し前記拡散符号に関連づけられている第2の無線周波数信号とを含む複数の無線周波数信号を信号処理する過程と、
前記データを周波数ホッピングを施した信号経由で送信する過程と
を含む通信方法。 - 符号分割多元接続(CDMA)ユニットに関連づけられたアンテナでビット系列を搬送する信号を受信する過程と、
前記CDMAユニットにおいて前記アンテナに接続した回路で前記ビット系列を検出する過程と、
第1のアンテナから送信され、拡散符号によるスペクトラム拡散ずみのデータを第1の期間に搬送する第1の無線周波数信号を前記CDMAユニットにおいて信号処理する過程と、
第2のアンテナから送信され、前記第1の期間以外の第2の期間に前記データを搬送し前記拡散符号に関連づけられた第2の無線周波数信号を前記検出したビット系列に応答して信号処理する過程と、
前記データを周波数ホッピングを施した信号経由で送信する過程と
を含む通信方法。 - 符号分割多元接続(CDMA)ユニットであって、
ユニットアンテナと、
前記ユニットアンテナに接続され、拡散信号に従ってスペクトラム拡散符号化されたデータを第1の期間に搬送し第1の送受信局アンテナから送信される第1の無線周波数信号を信号処理するように構成されているとともに、前記ビット系列を搬送するビット系列が前記ユニットアンテナに供給されたか否かに基づき第2の無線周波数信号、すなわち第2の送受信局アンテナから送信され前記第1の期間以外の第2の期間に前記データを搬送し前記拡散符号に関連づけられている第2の無線周波数信号を信号処理するか否かを判定するように構成されている第1の回路と、
前記第1の回路に接続され、前記第1の回路から前記データの供給を受けて周波数ホッピングを施した信号経由で前記データを送信する第2の回路と
を含むCDMAユニット。 - 複数の時間スロット経由で送信される前記第1および第2の無線周波数信号がさらに同期情報を搬送し、前記同期情報が前記複数の時間スロットの各々の持続時間よりも小さい長さの時間にわたり前記ユニットアンテナで受信される請求項12記載のCDMAユニット。
- 前記第1および第2の無線周波数信号が送信ダイバーシチ信号である請求項12記載のCDMAユニット。
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