JP2006525693A - マルチメディア・ストリーミングにおけるクライアント速度機能のシグナリング方法 - Google Patents

マルチメディア・ストリーミングにおけるクライアント速度機能のシグナリング方法 Download PDF

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JP2006525693A
JP2006525693A JP2006500320A JP2006500320A JP2006525693A JP 2006525693 A JP2006525693 A JP 2006525693A JP 2006500320 A JP2006500320 A JP 2006500320A JP 2006500320 A JP2006500320 A JP 2006500320A JP 2006525693 A JP2006525693 A JP 2006525693A
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バリス アクス，エムレ
ダニーロ ディエゴ クルチョ，イゴール
レオン，デイビッド
バルサ，ビクトール
ワン，ル−シャン
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Abstract

パケットデータ配信に関して、マルチメディアストリーミングサービスにおけるリソースが制限されるクライアントとサーバ間のシグナリングおよびネゴシエーションのための方法。クライアントの最大パケット速度機能のためにクライアント側のパケット欠損を回避するために、クライアントは、サーバに対して最大パケット速度機能を宣言する。この機能は、機能交換機構を介して、または、マルチメディアストリーミングプロトコールを用いてクライアントに信号で送られる。クライアントは、サーバに送られるリクエスト内に最大パケットデータ速度機能を示すパラメータを挿入する、必要なアクションをし、パケット配信速度を調整するか否かはサーバ次第である。

Description

本発明は、一般にマルチメディア・ストリーミングに関し、特に、マルチメディア・ストリーミング・セッションにおけるクライアント・パケット速度機能のシグナリングに関する。
マルチメディア・ストリーミング・サービスにおいては、３つの参加者：ストリーミング・サーバ、ストリーミング・クライアント、そのサーバとクライアント間の接続を与える基礎をなすネットワーク、が含まれる。そのサーバは、マルチメディア・ストリーミング・コンテンツをクライアントに配信する機能を提供する。その目的のために、クライアントとサーバは、機能交換（capability exchange）、コンテンツ配信方法ネゴシエーション、コンテンツ配信制御等の方法に関して、ネットワーク上を互いに通信する。そのような情報交換は、明確なネットワーク・プロトコールを介して実行され得る。
うまく構成され、開始されるマルチメディア・ストリーミング・セッションのために、サーバとクライアントは、プロトコールの最小の組をサポートする必要があり、その最小の組は、サービスによって標準プロトコールとして選択される。そのようなサービスの例は、３ＧＰＰ ＴＳ ２６．２３４ Ｖ５．１．０、“透過的エンドツーエンドパケット切替ストリーミングサービス（ＰＳＳ：Transparent End-to-End Packet Switched Service）；プロトコールとコーデック（リリース５）”、２００２年６月、（以後ＴＳ２６．２３４として参照される。）である。３Ｇ ＰＳＳで使用されるそのようなプロトコールの組の例は、ＳＤＰ（例えば、ＩＦＴＦ ＴＦＣ ２３２７：“ＳＤＰ：セッション記述プロトコール”ハンドレイ等、１９９８年）、ＲＴＳＰ（例えば、ＩＥＴＦ ＲＦＣ ２６２６：“リアルタイム・ストリーミング・プロトコール（ＲＴＳＰ）”、シュルツライン等、１９９８年４月、を参照）およびＲＴＰ／ＲＴＣＰ（例えば、ＩＥＴＦ ＲＦＣ １８８９：“ＲＴＰ：リアルタイムアプリケーション用トランスポートプロトコール（Ａ Ｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔ Ｐｒｏｔｏｃｏｌ ｆｏｒ Ｒｅａｌ−Ｔｉｍｅ Ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ）” シュルツライン等、１９９６年１月、を参照）である。
ストリーミングサービスにおいて、クライアントは、リソース制限されるデバイス上で動くアプリケーションであるかもしれない。クライアントは、クライアントの受信ノードに届く明確なパケット数以上を処理できないケースがある。
そのサービスの多くの場合において、サーバとクライアントは、そのコンテンツ配信のために使用する利用可能な帯域幅に関してネゴシエーションする。しかし、クライアントがリソース制限のあるデバイスである場合、クライアントは、実際にクライアントの受信ノードから捕らえられる最大パケット数も制限を有する。
これが問題になるある特定のケースは、音声ストリーミングであり、そこでは、５０パケット／秒のパケット速度でデータ配信がされる（例えば、１ＡＭＲ−ＮＢフレーム／ペイロードでのＡＭＲ−ＮＢコーデック）。同時に同じクライアントにデータを配信する２つの音声メディア源がある場合（または、音声メディア源に加えて、５０パケット／秒でメディアパケットを配信する映像源もある異なる場合において）、１００パケットの配信速度となり、その速度は、クライアントがパケット欠損無しで処理するには速すぎる。
それ故、うまく適合されたセッションを有するために、クライアントとサーバ間にこの値をネゴシエーションする必要性がある。
本発明は、リソースが制限されたクライアントとサーバ間で、そのサーバからそのクライアントへのデータ配信に関してシグナリング（signaling）およびネゴシエーション（negotiation）をする方法を提供する。特に、本発明は、サーバにクライアントの最大パケット速度機能をシグナリングして、クライアント側のパケット欠損、または、クライアントモバイルデバイス故障をもたらす、サーバが最大パケット速度値を超過することがないようにする方法を提供する。本方法は、機能交換機構（capability exchange mechanism）を用いて実行され、または、マルチメディアストリーミング制御プロトコールを用いて実行される。
このように、本発明は、あるパケットデータ速度でクライアントにストリーミングデータを出力するサーバを有するマルチメディア・ストリーミング・ネットワークにおけるストリーミングデータ配信を制御する方法において、クライアントでの最大データ速度機能をメッセージ内に宣言し、サーバに前記メッセージをシグナリングすることを特徴とする方法を与える。
本発明によれば、そのメッセージは、機能交換機構を介してサーバに送られるリクエストを備え、かつ、そのリクエストは、最大データ速度機能を指示する機能プロファイルを備える。その最大データ速度機能は、機能プロファイルの中の機能パラメータによって指示され、その機能パラメータは、ＲＴＳＰ ＤＥＳＣＲＩＢＥリクエストの中に含まれる。
さらに、その最大データ速度機能は、機能交換サーバに存在する機能情報の中で指示され、かつ、そのリクエストは、機能情報を指すＵＲＬを含む。そのリクエストに応答して、サーバは、パケットデータ速度を調整するために機能交換機構を介して機能交換サーバから機能パラメータを取り出す。
サーバは、クライアントの前記最大データ速度機能に適するように、機能パラメータに基づいてパケットデータ速度を調整する。
あるいは、そのメッセージは、マルチメディアストリーミング制御プロトコールを介してサーバに対してシグナリングされ、そのメッセージは、最大データ速度機能を示すＲＴＳＰ拡張ヘッダを含むリクエストを備える。
本発明によれば、データ配信処理の適合に関し、マルチメディア・ストリーミング・サービスにおいて、クライアントとサーバ間でシグナリングとネゴシエーションする方法は、機能交換機構を介して、または、マルチメディア制御プロトコールを介して、実行される。マルチメディアストリーミング制御プロトコールは、サービス関係内で、明確で標準化されたものである。データ配信処理の適合は、リソースが制限されたクライアントの最大パケット速度機能に基づいている。クライアントは、MaxPacketRate値（パケット／秒）を用いて、クライアントがある時間間隔で処理できる最大パケット量を規定する。
シグナリングが、機能交換機構を介して実行されるとき、その手続は、例えば、ＴＳ２６．２３４で説明されるスタンダードに基づいている。
属性“MaxPacketRate”は、クライアントの最大パケット処理速度機能の値をシグナリングするために、ＲＤＦ（リソース記述フレームワーク（Resource Description Framework））スキーマ・ボキャブラリ（schema vocabulary）で規定される。その属性は、秒当たりのパケット数で規定される。
シグナリング手続は、以下のようである：
− クライアントは、MaxPacketRate値を、クライアントの機能プロファイルにおける機能パラメータとして宣言する。例えば、クライアントは、RTSP DESCRIBE要求を、機能交換サーバの中に存在するクライアント機能情報を指すＵＲＩと共にサーバに要求する。
− サーバは、機能交換機構を介して機能交換サーバからクライアントの機能宣言を取り出す。その宣言は、図１に示されるように、クライアントサイドストリーミング機能のための一部を有する。宣言の中のボールド線は、そのクライアントの最大パケット速度機能を表す。MaxPacketRate値を獲得して、サーバは、現在のパケット速度についての情報を有して、クライアントの最大パケット受信速度機能を調整する。それから、サーバは、クライアントに配信される最大パケット速度を調整する。しかし、必要なアクションを行うか、パケット配信を調整に関係付けるかは、サーバ次第である。
シグナリングが、マルチメディアストリーミング制御プロトコールを介して実行されるとき、クライアントは、明確なＲＴＳＰオプションタグ、および、ＲＴＳＰ拡張ヘッダを用いる（例えば、ＩＥＴＦ ＲＦＣ２３２６参照）。
“x-maxpacketratesupport”をＲＴＳＰオプションタグにし、
“x-maxpacketrate”を、秒当たりのパケット数単位で規定されるＲＴＳＰ拡張ヘッダにする。
クライアントは、前もってマルチメディア・セッションのために、ＲＴＳＰ ＵＲＬ（ユニバーサルリソースロケータ）を知ると仮定する。
シグナリング手続は以下のようである：
− クライアントは、信号伝達されるx-maxpacketrate値と共に送られるDESCRIBEリクエストの中にMaxPacketRate値を宣言する：
クライアント->サーバ：
DESCRIBE rtsp://foo/twister RTSP/1.0
CSeq: 1
Require: x-maxpacketratesupport
x-maxpacketrate: 70
− サーバがクライアントの最大パケット速度機能を利用しないなら、サーバは、“Unsupportted:x-maxpacketrate”行を含むＲＴＳＰ５５１“オプションはサポートされない（Option Not Supported）”、または、“Unsupportted:x-maxpacketrate”行を含むＲＴＳＰ ２００ ＯＫメッセージのどちらかと共に応答する。ＲＴＳＰ“要求（Require）”ヘッダの使用によって、クライアントは、サーバがそのパラメータを考慮に入れるか否かを理解する。サーバが、パラメータを考慮する場合、クライアントは、ＲＴＳＰメッセージ本体を用いて、更新された最大パケット速度機能をセッション中に信号で送ることが出来る。
− サーバは、このパラメータを利用するなら、サーバは、ＲＴＳＰリクエストを検討し、パラメータが明確なx-maxpacketrate値を含むことを理解する。サーバは、ＲＴＳＰリクエストメッセージからx-maxpacketrate値を取り出す。
− クライアントによって送られたリクエストの中のMaxMacketRate値を知った後で、サーバは、その値を使用して、クライアントに配信される最大パケット値を調整する。しかし、必要な行動を取るか、および、パケット配信を調整するかは、サーバ次第である。
ネットワーク・インタフェースから入ってくるクライアントデバイスによって維持できる最大入力パケット速度は、ＲＤＦスキーマ・ボキャブラリの中でMaxPacketRateとして定義されるが、それは、異なって呼ばれることに注意すべきである。クライアントデバイスによって維持可能であるネットワーク・インタフェースから入ってくる最大入力パケット速度を特定するために使用される限り、“x-maxpacketrate”同様に、または、異なる名前がＲＴＳＰメッセージで使用され得る。クライアントデバイスによって送られるいかなるＲＴＳＰメッセージで伝送される最大入力パケット速度ヘッダを理解し、考慮に入れるために、サーバの機能を特定するために使用される限り、“x-maxpacketratesupport”または、異なる名前がＲＴＳＰ“要求”ヘッダの中に使用される。
本発明により、シグナリングおよびネゴシエーション処理の部分としてのクライアントによる宣言を示す図である。

Claims (9)

  1. あるパケットデータ速度でクライアントにストリーミングデータを出力するサーバを有するマルチメディア・ストリーミング・ネットワークにおけるストリーミングデータ配信を制御する方法において、
    前記クライアントでの最大データ速度機能をメッセージ内に宣言し、
    前記サーバに前記メッセージを信号伝達することによって特徴付けられる方法。
  2. 前記メッセージは、機能交換機構を介して前記サーバに送られるリクエストを備え、かつ、前記リクエストは、前記最大データ速度機能を指示するための機能プロファイルを備えることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の方法。
  3. 前記最大データ速度機能は、前記機能プロファイルの中の機能パラメータによって指示されることを特徴とする請求項２に記載の方法。
  4. 前記機能パラメータは、ＲＴＳＰ ＤＥＳＣＲＩＢＥリクエストの中に含まれることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の方法。
  5. 前記最大データ速度機能は、機能交換サーバに存在する機能情報の中で指示され、かつ、前記リクエストは、前記機能情報を指すＵＲＬを含むことを特徴とする請求項４に記載の方法。
  6. 前記リクエストに応答して、前記サーバは、前記パケットデータ速度を調整するために前記機能交換機構を介して前記機能交換サーバから前記機能パラメータを取り出すことを特徴とする請求項５に記載の方法。
  7. 前記サーバは、前記クライアントでの前記最大データ速度機能に従うために、機能パラメータに基づいて前記パケットデータ速度を調整することによって特徴付けられる請求項６に記載の方法。
  8. 前記メッセージは、マルチメディアストリーミング制御プロトコールを介して前記サーバに対して信号伝達されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の方法。
  9. 前記メッセージは、前記最大データ速度機能を示すＲＴＳＰ拡張ヘッダを含むリクエストを備えることを特徴とする請求項９に記載の方法。
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