JP2006280255A - Culture media for cultivating lyophyllum decastes and method for cultivating the lyophyllum decastes - Google Patents

Culture media for cultivating lyophyllum decastes and method for cultivating the lyophyllum decastes Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP2006280255A
JP2006280255A JP2005103347A JP2005103347A JP2006280255A JP 2006280255 A JP2006280255 A JP 2006280255A JP 2005103347 A JP2005103347 A JP 2005103347A JP 2005103347 A JP2005103347 A JP 2005103347A JP 2006280255 A JP2006280255 A JP 2006280255A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
cultivating
cultivation
culture medium
composting
branches
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP2005103347A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP5282199B2 (en
Inventor
Yoshinobu Kasuya
嘉信 粕谷
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tochigi Prefecture
Original Assignee
Tochigi Prefecture
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tochigi Prefecture filed Critical Tochigi Prefecture
Priority to JP2005103347A priority Critical patent/JP5282199B2/en
Publication of JP2006280255A publication Critical patent/JP2006280255A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP5282199B2 publication Critical patent/JP5282199B2/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Landscapes

  • Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide culture media for cultivating Lyophyllum decastes containing a material obtained by composting trimmed branches or fresh leaves, or both of them: and to provide a cultivation method for cultivating the Lyophyllum decastes utilizing the culture media. <P>SOLUTION: The culture media for cultivating Lyophyllum decastes is obtained by utilizing material made by composting trimmed branches and leaves more easily composted than barks without using animal feces. The method for cultivating the Lyophyllum decastes comprises using the culture media for cultivating the Lyphllum decastes containing the material obtained by composting the trimmed branches or fresh leaves, or both of them so as to make mycelium spread in the culture media followed by putting the culture media in a chamber where the temperature is controlled to 19-25°C and the relative humidity is controlled to 95-100 wt.% for 3-14 days; and continuing the cultivation in the chamber where the room temperature is controlled to 14-19°C and the relative humidity is controlled to 90-100%. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、ハタケシメジの栽培用培養基、及びこれを用いた栽培方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a culture medium for cultivation of Hatake shimeji and a cultivation method using the same.

ハタケシメジは、秋に林内や庭園、畑地、道ばたなどに発生するシメジ属のきのこであり、「においマツタケ味シメジ」といわれるホンシメジの腐生型と言われるほど美味なきのこである(非特許文献1参照)。   Hatake-shimeji mushrooms are mushrooms of the genus Shimeji that occur in forests, gardens, fields, roadsides, etc. in autumn, and they are so delicious mushrooms that they are said to be the humus type of hon-shimeji mushroom that is said to be "scented matsutake taste shimeji" (see Non-Patent Document 1). ).

<ハタケシメジ栽培とバーク堆肥>
該ハタケメジの人工栽培法には、「屋外栽培法」と「室内栽培法」とがあるが、従来の技術は、そのどちらにおいても、培養基にはバーク堆肥を使用するのが一般的である。ここで「バーク堆肥」とは、広葉樹あるいは針葉樹の樹皮(バーク)に鶏糞や尿素などの窒素源を加えて長期間発酵腐熟させたものをいう(非特許文献2参照)。
<Hatake shimeji cultivation and bark compost>
Artificial cultivation methods for the bamboo shoots include an “outdoor cultivation method” and an “indoor cultivation method”. In both of the conventional techniques, bark compost is generally used as a culture medium. Here, “bark compost” refers to a product obtained by adding a nitrogen source such as chicken manure or urea to bark of a broad-leaved tree or a conifer and fermenting and ripening for a long time (see Non-Patent Document 2).

<樹皮とC/N比>
ところが、該バーク堆肥にあっても、その原料である樹皮は、C/N比(炭素量と窒素量の比)が広葉樹の場合には300から800程度で、針葉樹においては1000を超える極めて高い値のものも存在する。そして、このC/N比については、きのこ栽培における培養基中に好適なC/N比は、栄養成長において20程度、生殖成長には30〜40程度といわれており(非特許文献3参照)、上記樹皮はC/N比が高いので、そのまま培養基として使用することは困難となる。
<Bark and C / N ratio>
However, even in the bark compost, the bark as the raw material has an extremely high C / N ratio (ratio of carbon and nitrogen) of about 300 to 800 in the case of broad-leaved trees and over 1000 in the conifers. There are also values. And about this C / N ratio, suitable C / N ratio in the culture medium in mushroom cultivation is said to be about 20 in vegetative growth, and about 30-40 in reproductive growth (refer nonpatent literature 3). Since the bark has a high C / N ratio, it is difficult to use it directly as a culture medium.

<樹皮と成長阻害成分>
加えて、該樹皮にフェノール類、樹脂等の菌糸伸長の阻害成分が含まれている。そして、その阻害成分による影響は、ハタケシメジの場合、ヒラタケ等のきのこに比べて大きく、自然界においても、年数の経過により阻害成分が流失した、地中に埋まった木材等を栄養としているように、これらの阻害成分により樹皮をそのまま培養基として使用することはできない。
<Bark and growth inhibitory ingredients>
In addition, the bark contains components that inhibit hyphal elongation such as phenols and resins. And, the effect of the inhibitory component is larger than that of mushrooms such as oyster mushrooms, and even in nature, the inhibitory component has been washed away over the years, such as timber buried in the ground as nutrition Due to these inhibitory components, the bark cannot be used as it is as a culture medium.

<長期の堆肥化期間と鶏糞添加>
そのため、バーク堆肥の製造にあたって、一般的には、先ず、(a)菌糸伸長の阻害成分を除去するために樹皮を1〜3年間野外堆積すると共に、(b)更に、C/N比を低下させるため、窒素分を多く含有し、発酵菌を含む資材である鶏糞を添加する手法が取られるのが通常である。
該鶏糞添加の手法は、具体的には、例えば樹皮1トン当たりに50kg内外を添加し、さらに硫安や尿素などの窒素質肥料を添加し、2〜3ヵ月堆積・切返しを行いながら発熱発酵させ、その後、8〜10ヵ月堆積(後熟)を行うといったものである。
「原色日本新菌類図鑑(1)」,株式会社保育社,1987年,p.58 「肥料便覧 第5版」,社団法人農山漁村文化協会,1997年,p.228 「菌蕈 第24巻第9号」,財団法人日本きのこセンター,1978年,p.33 「きのこの利用」,築地書館株式会社,1988年,p.103〜105」
<Long composting period and chicken manure addition>
Therefore, in the production of bark compost, generally, first, (a) the bark is deposited for 1 to 3 years in order to remove the mycelial elongation inhibiting component, and (b) the C / N ratio is further reduced. Therefore, it is usual to use a method of adding chicken manure which is a material containing a large amount of nitrogen and containing fermenting bacteria.
Specifically, the method of adding the chicken manure is, for example, adding 50 kg inside / outside per ton of bark, adding nitrogenous fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate and urea, and exothermic fermentation while depositing and turning over for 2 to 3 months. Thereafter, deposition (post-ripening) is performed for 8 to 10 months.
"Primary color Japanese new fungi picture book (1)", Childcare Inc., 1987, p. 58 “Fertilizer Handbook 5th Edition”, Rural and Mountain Fishing Village Association, 1997, p. 228 “Mycobacteria Vol. 24, No. 9,” Japan Mushroom Center, 1978, p. 33 “Use of Mushrooms”, Tsukiji Shoten Co., Ltd., 1988, p. 103-105 "

<バーク堆肥の入手の困難性>
しかしながら、該バーク堆肥は、その用途が農業用の土壌改良資材として利用されているほかに、造園緑化用、花壇の植付け、高速道路の法面の緑化基材用等に広く利用できるため、需要が大きく、従って、その原料である樹皮が、産業廃棄物として廃棄されることが極めて少なく、手に入り難い傾向にある。さらに、当該樹皮は、それ自体で畜舎の敷料やマルチング材、ラン栽培用の培地の原料としての価値があるため、有償で売却されていることも多く、結局、バーク堆肥は、きのこ栽培資材としては高価なものとならざるを得ないという難点を有している。
<Difficulty in obtaining bark compost>
However, the bark compost is not only used as a soil improvement material for agriculture, but also can be widely used for landscaping, planting flower beds, planting greens on highway slopes, etc. Therefore, the bark, which is the raw material, is very rarely discarded as industrial waste and tends to be difficult to obtain. In addition, the bark itself is valuable as a raw material for barn bedding, mulching material, orchid cultivation medium, and is often sold for a fee. As a result, bark compost is used as a mushroom cultivation material. Has the disadvantage that it must be expensive.

<針葉樹と広葉樹の関係>
さらに、該バーク堆肥の原料とされる樹皮のうち針葉樹には、堆肥化しづらい等の不適合な点が存し、これをより適合化させるために特別の加工を必要とし、それに伴うコスト高が生じる欠点がある。即ち、バーク堆肥の原料としての樹皮の樹種には広葉樹と針葉樹のものがあるが、針葉樹皮の方は、堆肥化しづらく、且つ、フェノール類、精油等の成分が広葉樹皮よりも多いためバーク堆肥としては不適である。
そこで、一般には広葉樹の方がハタケシメジ栽培に適していると言われているが、しかし、近年は、該広葉樹皮が不足気味であり、針葉樹皮を利用せざるを得ない傾向にある。そこで、この針葉樹皮に対し、蒸煮処理、爆砕処理などによる品質の向上が試みられているが、コスト面での問題が残り、ハタケシメジ栽培の収益性を損なう一因となっている。
<Relationship between conifers and hardwoods>
Furthermore, among the bark used as the raw material for the bark compost, conifers have incompatibility such as difficulty in composting, and special processing is required to make this more compatible, resulting in high costs. There are drawbacks. That is, there are broad-leaved and coniferous bark species as raw materials for bark compost, but coniferous bark is more difficult to compost and has more components such as phenols and essential oil than broad-leaved bark, so As inappropriate.
Therefore, it is generally said that broad-leaved trees are more suitable for Hatake-shimeji cultivation. However, in recent years, the broad-leaved bark tends to be deficient, and coniferous bark tends to be used. Thus, attempts have been made to improve the quality of the coniferous bark by steaming, blasting, etc., but there remains a problem in terms of cost, which is a factor that impairs the profitability of Hatake shimeji cultivation.

<鶏糞添加による重金属等有害物質の含有>
また、上述の如く樹皮の堆肥化を促進するためには、一般的には鶏糞の添加が行われるが、この添加された鶏糞中には、飼料や、し尿処理薬剤に起因する重金属の含有が不可避である。同時に、現在の養鶏方法においては、重金属以外にも抗生物質等の飼料添加物が入った餌を与えることが多い。結局、有害物質を多く含有するという重大な欠点を有している。
即ち、きのこの菌床栽培においては、(a)土壌に施用する一般農作物と違って、堆肥を培地基材として使用し、培養基における多くの部分を占め、(b)きのこは、培地中の毒物を取り入れ、子実体に蓄積しやすい性質を有する(非特許文献4参照)。従って、そのままでは、生育後のきのこに有害物質が含有されてしまうことが避けられないものとなる。
極力、鶏糞等の家畜***物を使用した栽培資材を使用しないこと、あるいは、使用するにしても、その添加量を減らすことが、食品の安全性の追求及び食品への安全意識の高い消費者の購買意欲を高める上で重要となっている。
<Including toxic substances such as heavy metals by adding chicken manure>
Moreover, in order to promote composting of bark as described above, generally, chicken manure is added, but the added chicken manure contains heavy metals due to feed and human waste treatment chemicals. Inevitable. At the same time, the current poultry farming methods often give food containing feed additives such as antibiotics in addition to heavy metals. After all, it has a serious drawback of containing a lot of harmful substances.
That is, in fungus bed cultivation of mushrooms, (a) Unlike general crops applied to soil, compost is used as a medium base material, and occupies a large part of the culture medium. (B) Mushrooms are toxic substances in the medium. And has the property of being easily accumulated in the fruit body (see Non-Patent Document 4). Therefore, as it is, it becomes inevitable that harmful substances are contained in the mushrooms after growth.
As much as possible, consumers who have high awareness of food safety and food safety should not use cultivation materials that use livestock excrement such as chicken manure, or reduce the amount added even if they are used. It is important to increase the willingness to purchase.

そこで、本発明者は、上記問題を解決するために鋭意研究を重ねた結果、通常、廃棄物として取り扱われていることが多い剪定枝条及び生葉に着目し、これらに窒素分を多く含み、且つ、菌糸伸長の阻害成分の少ない性質を見い出し、その性質を活用して、家畜***物を使用せずに加水堆積及び切返しの作業のみで堆肥化し、培養基として使用することにより、ハタケシメジを栽培できること、及び菌糸の初期伸長を促進し、栽培期間を短縮し、さらに収量を向上させることができるよう工夫し、本発明を完成させたものである。   Therefore, as a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor has focused on pruned branches and fresh leaves that are usually handled as waste, and contains a large amount of nitrogen in these. It is possible to cultivate Hatake shimeji mushrooms by finding the property with little inhibitory component of hyphal elongation, making use of the property, composting only by the operation of hydrolysis deposition and turning without using livestock excrement, and using it as a culture medium, In addition, the present invention has been completed by promoting the initial elongation of the mycelium, shortening the cultivation period, and further improving the yield.

請求項1に記載の発明は、剪定した枝条、生葉、又はその両方を堆肥化させた資材を含むことを特徴とするハタケシメジの栽培用培養基に関する。
請求項2に記載の発明は、剪定した枝条、生葉又はその両方を、広葉樹を主とし、針葉樹については枝条全体の容量の3割以下としたハタケシメジの栽培用培養基に関する。
請求項3に記載の発明は、枝条の直径を10cm以下、好ましくは5cm以下のものを使用するハタケシメジの栽培用培養基に関する。
請求項4に記載の発明は、広葉樹については、生育する3月から11月までに採取したものとし、採取した枝条及び生葉は、7cm以下、好ましくは3cm以下のチップ状にしたハタケシメジの栽培用培養基に関する。
請求項5に記載の発明は、剪定した枝条、生葉、又はその両方を堆肥化させた資材を含むハタケシメジの栽培用培養基を用いて栽培することを特徴とするハタケシメジ栽培方法に関する。
請求項6に記載の発明は、剪定した枝条、生葉、又はその両方を堆肥化させた資材を含むハタケシメジの栽培用培養基を用い、該培養基に菌糸が蔓延した後、19〜25℃の温度範囲で、相対湿度を95〜100%の条件に調整した室内において3〜14日間載置し、次いで室温14〜19℃、相対湿度90〜100%の条件に調整した室内で栽培を継続することを特徴とするハタケシメジ栽培方法に関する。
Invention of Claim 1 is related with the culture medium for cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushroom characterized by including the material which composted the pruned branch, a fresh leaf, or both.
The invention according to claim 2 relates to a culture medium for cultivating Hatake shimeji mushrooms in which pruned branches, fresh leaves, or both are mainly hardwoods, and conifers are 30% or less of the total capacity of the branches.
The invention according to claim 3 relates to a culture medium for cultivating Hatake shimeji mushroom using a branch having a diameter of 10 cm or less, preferably 5 cm or less.
The invention according to claim 4 is for broadleaf trees collected from March to November, and the branches and raw leaves collected are for cultivation of Hatake shimeji in a chip shape of 7 cm or less, preferably 3 cm or less. Relates to culture medium.
The invention described in claim 5 relates to a method for cultivating Hatake shimeji mushroom, which is cultivated using a culture medium for cultivating Hatake shimeji mushroom containing materials obtained by composting pruned branches, fresh leaves, or both.
The invention according to claim 6 uses a culture medium for cultivating Hatake shimeji mushroom containing a material obtained by composting pruned branches, fresh leaves, or both, and a temperature range of 19 to 25 ° C. after mycelia spreads on the culture medium. Then, it is placed for 3 to 14 days in a room where the relative humidity is adjusted to 95 to 100%, and then the cultivation is continued in the room where the room temperature is adjusted to 14 to 19 ° C. and the relative humidity is set to 90 to 100%. It is related with the Hatake shimeji cultivation method characterized.

本発明の培養基を用いた栽培をすることにより以下の如き効果が奏せられる。
(a)<経済性>
本発明は、通常は産業廃棄物として処理され、有効活用が求められている剪定枝条、生葉(以下これを剪定枝葉と呼ぶ)によるハタケシメジ栽培を可能としたもので、経済性に優れる。
(b)<栽培期間の短縮>
本発明の剪定枝葉中には、フェノール類、樹脂等の菌糸伸長阻害成分が少ない。堆肥化処理後もその性質が残り、ハタケシメジの菌糸が伸長しやすいため、菌糸伸長速度が速く、さらに、菌糸の密度も高くなるため、子実体発生の際の栄養供給がスムーズになり、結果として栽培期間を短縮できる。
(c)<収量の向上>
本発明の堆肥化資材は、粘性が高く、保肥力が大きいため、培養基中に含まれる栄養分が豊富であり、結果として収量が向上する。
(d)<菌糸の初期伸長の早さによる雑菌被害の低減>
本発明の剪定枝葉中には、樹皮に比べ、ハタケシメジが使用しやすい単糖類、オリゴ糖類、澱粉が多く含まれ、難分解性であるリグニンが少ない。堆肥化処理後もその性質が残るため、菌糸中に栄養が取り込まれるのが早く、菌糸の初期伸長が早まる結果、培養中に後から侵入してくる雑菌の菌糸伸長を防ぐ。
(e)<安全性>
本発明は、重金属や抗生物質を含む恐れのある鶏糞等を使用する必要がないので、これらの有害成分がもたらす危険から解放される。
The following effects can be achieved by cultivation using the culture medium of the present invention.
(A) <Economic>
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention enables cultivation of Hatake-shimeji mushrooms by pruned branches and fresh leaves (hereinafter referred to as pruned branches and leaves) which are usually treated as industrial waste and are required to be effectively used, and are excellent in economic efficiency.
(B) <Reduction of cultivation period>
In the pruned branches and leaves of the present invention, there are few mycelial elongation inhibitors such as phenols and resins. The properties remain after composting, and the hyphae of Hatake shimeji tend to stretch, so the hypha elongation rate is fast, and the density of the hypha is also high, so the nutrient supply during fruiting is smooth, and as a result The cultivation period can be shortened.
(C) <Improvement of yield>
Since the composting material of the present invention has a high viscosity and a large fertilizer, the nutrient contained in the culture medium is abundant, and as a result, the yield is improved.
(D) <Reduction of damage by various bacteria due to the speed of initial elongation of mycelia>
The pruned branches and leaves of the present invention contain a large amount of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and starches that can be easily used by Hatake-shimeji mushrooms and less lignins that are hardly decomposable than bark. Since the properties remain after the composting process, nutrients are quickly taken up into the mycelium, and the initial elongation of the mycelia is accelerated. As a result, the hyphae of the miscellaneous bacteria that enter later during the cultivation are prevented.
(E) <Safety>
The present invention eliminates the dangers posed by these harmful ingredients because it does not require the use of chicken manure that may contain heavy metals and antibiotics.

以下に本発明において使用する材料及び栽培方法を詳細に説明する。
本発明のハタケシメジ栽培用培養基は、剪定した枝条、生葉又はその両方を堆肥化させた資材を活用する。
該剪定枝条及び生葉(剪定枝葉)とは、生育中の樹木の枝条及び生葉が剪定等により採取されたものを言い、その採取の作業方法を剪定作業に限るものではない。但し、樹木の生理現象に伴う落葉、落枝ではないものを指す。
枝条及び生葉の樹種については、広葉樹及び針葉樹のどちらでも使用可能であるが、堆肥化を早めるために広葉樹を使用し、針葉樹については枝条及び生葉全体の容量の3割以下が好ましい。また、使用する枝条の直径については10cm以下、好ましくは5cm以下のものを使用する。
また、枝条及び生葉の採取時期については、1年を通して原料として使用可能であるが、落葉広葉樹については、堆肥化を早めるために、好ましくは窒素分を多く含む生葉が生育する3月から11月までに採取したものを使用する。
採取した枝条及び生葉は、7cm以下、好ましくは3cm以下のチップ状にし、加水堆積する。堆積の量は、屋内では300kg以上、屋外では600kg以上が好ましく、量が少ないと堆肥化が遅延する。堆積後、枝条及び生葉の水分が55〜75%になるように散水を行う。1〜2ヵ月に1回切返しを行いながら、8〜15ヵ月程度堆積を継続することにより、堆肥化が完了する。なお、すでに堆肥化が完了した上記資材及び、硫安、尿素、石灰窒素、魚粕、油粕、アルコール粕、腐葉土を含む窒素含有量が多い資材を添加することにより、堆肥化が促進され、堆積期間を短縮することができる。堆肥化された資材は暗褐色ないし黒褐色を呈するようになる。
堆肥化された資材は、後述するハタケシメジの培養基の殺菌工程において、大きな枝条が残留すると加熱殺菌時に耐熱性のある雑菌が死滅しないことがあるため、篩による選別機を使用し一定粒径以上の枝条を取り除くことが好ましい。篩の目の口径は1〜5cmのものが好ましい。篩に残った枝条は堆肥化の原料として再度、堆積・切返しすることにより堆肥化することが可能である。以下、上記方法により製造された資材を剪定枝葉堆肥化資材という。
The materials and cultivation methods used in the present invention are described in detail below.
The culture medium for cultivating Hatake shimeji of the present invention utilizes materials obtained by composting pruned branches, fresh leaves, or both.
The pruned branches and fresh leaves (pruned branches and leaves) are those in which branches and fresh leaves of a growing tree are collected by pruning or the like, and the working method of the collection is not limited to pruning work. However, it refers to those that are not deciduous or falling due to the physiological phenomenon of trees.
As for the tree species of branches and fresh leaves, either broad-leaved trees or coniferous trees can be used, but broad-leaved trees are used to accelerate composting, and for conifers, 30% or less of the total capacity of branches and fresh leaves is preferable. Further, the diameter of the branch used is 10 cm or less, preferably 5 cm or less.
In addition, branches and fresh leaves can be collected as raw materials throughout the year, but for deciduous broad-leaved trees, in order to accelerate composting, preferably from March to November where fresh leaves rich in nitrogen grow. Use the ones collected up to now.
The collected branches and fresh leaves are formed into chips of 7 cm or less, preferably 3 cm or less, and hydrolyzed. The amount of deposition is preferably 300 kg or more indoors and 600 kg or more outdoors, and composting is delayed when the amount is small. After deposition, watering is performed so that the water content of the branches and fresh leaves is 55 to 75%. Composting is completed by continuing the deposition for about 8 to 15 months while turning over once every 1 to 2 months. Composting is promoted by adding the above materials that have already been composted and materials with high nitrogen content, including ammonium sulfate, urea, lime nitrogen, fish cake, oil cake, alcohol cake, and mulch. Can be shortened. Composted material becomes dark brown or dark brown.
Since composted materials may not be killed by heat-resistant miscellaneous bacteria during heat sterilization if large branches remain in the sterilization process of Hatake shimeji mushroom culture medium, which will be described later, a sieve sorter is used. It is preferable to remove the branches. The diameter of the sieve mesh is preferably 1 to 5 cm. The branches remaining on the sieve can be composted by depositing and turning again as a composting raw material. Hereinafter, the material produced by the above method is referred to as a pruned leaf compost material.

上述の如く本発明は、剪定枝条及び生葉を利用したものであるが、それをハタケシメジの栽培に活用しようとしたのは、その剪定枝葉の成分が秘めた特性に着目したことによる。
即ち、先ず、剪定枝条及び生葉の含有成分を検討したところ、フェノール類、樹脂等といった成分が極めて少ないことが判明した。これらの成分はきのこの菌糸伸長、子実体発生の際の栄養にならないだけでなく、フェノール類はそれ自体に菌糸伸長を阻害する作用があり、樹脂は樹木の細胞壁の物理的な保護成分として機能している。そして、これらの成分は外部からの微生物の攻撃を防ぐために樹皮部分に多く含有されるものであるが、材部分において、年数が経過して心材化が起こる際にもこれらの成分が増加することになる。逆に、枝部分では樹皮が未発達であり、心材化も進んでいないため、剪定枝葉におけるこれらの成分の含有量もおのずと少なくなるものと考えられる。
同時に、木化の進んでいない剪定枝葉には、微生物の栄養源として有効な、単糖類、オリゴ糖類、澱粉及び窒素化合物が多く含まれることが確認された。きのこが菌糸伸長、子実体発生をさせる上では炭素源、窒素源その他の無機栄養素が必要で、多量に必要なのはその中でも炭素源と窒素源である。単糖類、オリゴ糖類、澱粉は利用しやすい炭素源の形態であり、木材を構成する主成分であるセルロース、ヘミセルロース、リグニンよりも重合度が低く、資化する際に加水分解に要するエネルギーが低くて済むため、より効率的に資化できる成分である。また、窒素化合物はタンパク質として含まれているものであるが、硫安や尿素など、バーク堆肥の堆肥化に際して加えられることが多い無機窒素源よりも利用しやすい。
特に、ハタケシメジにおいては、ヒラタケ等のきのこに比べ腐朽力が弱く、菌糸が初期伸長するのに時間がかかるため、接種後、菌糸が伸長し、培養基表面を菌糸が蔓延するまでの間に雑菌が侵入し、雑菌の菌糸が伸長することがあるため、初期伸長までの時間を短縮する必要がある。
As described above, the present invention uses pruned branches and fresh leaves, and the reason why it was attempted to use them for cultivation of Hatake-shimeji was because it focused on the characteristics hidden by the components of the pruned branches and leaves.
That is, first, when the components contained in the pruned branches and fresh leaves were examined, it was found that there were very few components such as phenols and resins. Not only does these ingredients not become nutrients during mushroom hyphal elongation and fruiting, but phenols themselves have an effect of inhibiting mycelial elongation, and the resin functions as a physical protective component of the cell wall of trees. is doing. And these components are contained in the bark part a lot in order to prevent the attack of microorganisms from the outside, but in the wood part, these components also increase when years of aging occur. become. On the contrary, since the bark is undeveloped in the branch part and the heartwood is not developed, it is considered that the content of these components in the pruned branches and leaves is naturally reduced.
At the same time, it was confirmed that the pruned branches and leaves that have not been converted to trees are rich in monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, starch, and nitrogen compounds that are effective as nutrient sources for microorganisms. Mushrooms require a carbon source, a nitrogen source and other inorganic nutrients to cause mycelial elongation and fruit body generation. Among them, a carbon source and a nitrogen source are necessary in large quantities. Monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and starch are easy-to-use forms of carbon sources that have a lower degree of polymerization than cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which are the main components of wood, and require less energy for hydrolysis when utilized. Therefore, it is a component that can be assimilated more efficiently. Moreover, although nitrogen compounds are contained as proteins, they are easier to use than inorganic nitrogen sources, such as ammonium sulfate and urea, which are often added during composting of bark compost.
In particular, in bamboo shoots, the decay force is weaker than that of mushrooms such as oyster mushrooms, and it takes time for the mycelia to initially grow. Since it may invade and the hyphae of miscellaneous bacteria may elongate, it is necessary to shorten the time until initial elongation.

そして、上記中、広葉樹を主とし、針葉樹については枝条及び生葉全体の容量の3割以下としたのは、広葉樹は針葉樹に比べ、一般に菌糸伸長阻害成分が少なく、さらに難分解性のリグニンも少ないため、結果として堆肥化を早め、堆肥化された資材もこれらの成分の少ないものとなるためである。
また、枝条の直径については10cm以下、好ましくは5cm以下のものを使用するとしたのは、比較的細い枝部は、心材化が進んでいないため心材部分が少なく、また、樹皮も未発達であるため、菌糸伸長の阻害成分が少ないという理由による。
さらに、落葉広葉樹については、好ましくは生育する3月から11月までに採取したものとしたのは、生葉には窒素化合物が多く含まれるため、生葉が付いた状態の枝条が堆肥化しやすいという性質があるという理由による。採取した枝条及び生葉について、7cm以下、好ましくは3cm以下のチップ状としたのは、細かいチップにすることにより、材料の表面積が大きくなり、堆肥化する際に菌類が活着しやすくなるため、堆肥化の期間が短縮され、さらに、均質に堆肥化がされることにより、篩に残る堆肥化されていない枝条が減少するためである。
And among the above, broad-leaved trees are mainly used, and conifers are made less than 30% of the total capacity of branches and fresh leaves. In general, broad-leaved trees have fewer mycelial elongation inhibiting components and less persistent lignin than conifers. Therefore, as a result, composting is accelerated, and the composted material becomes less of these components.
In addition, the branch diameter is 10 cm or less, preferably 5 cm or less, because relatively thin branches have not been developed into a heartwood, so there are few heartwood parts, and the bark is undeveloped. Therefore, it is because there are few inhibitor components of hyphal elongation.
Furthermore, for deciduous broad-leaved trees, it was preferably collected from March to November, because the fresh leaves contain a lot of nitrogen compounds, so that the branches with fresh leaves are easily composted. Because there is. About the collected branches and fresh leaves, the chip shape is 7 cm or less, preferably 3 cm or less. By making a fine chip, the surface area of the material is increased, so that the fungi can be easily established when composting. This is because the period of composting is shortened and, further, composting is performed uniformly, so that uncomposted branches remaining on the sieve are reduced.

<培養基の調製>
そして、培養基には、剪定枝葉堆肥化資材を培地基材として使用し、栄養源として、米ぬか或いはフスマを添加した材料を用いる。配合比は培養基材と栄養源を絶乾重量比で10:0.5〜10:5の範囲、より好ましくは10:1〜10:3とする。
必要に応じて補助栄養成分、保水剤、成長促進剤、pH調整剤、塩分、接着剤等を加えることができる。配合したこれらの資材をミキサーにより攪拌した後、水を加え、含水率を50〜70%、より好ましくは55〜65%に調整する。
<Preparation of culture medium>
For the culture medium, pruned leaf composting material is used as a medium base material, and a rice bran or bran added material is used as a nutrient source. The mixing ratio of the culture substrate and the nutrient source is in the range of 10: 0.5 to 10: 5, more preferably 10: 1 to 10: 3, in terms of the absolute dry weight ratio.
Supplementary nutrient components, water retention agents, growth promoters, pH adjusters, salt, adhesives, and the like can be added as necessary. After mixing these materials with a mixer, water is added, and the water content is adjusted to 50 to 70%, more preferably 55 to 65%.

<栽培容器>
栽培容器は、一般的にきのこの人工栽培に使用されている栽培容器であればいずれも使用できる。通常、ポリプロピレン製のビンまたは直方体型の袋で、容量200〜3,000mlのものを使用するのが好ましい。
<Cultivation container>
As the cultivation container, any cultivation container that is generally used for artificial cultivation of mushrooms can be used. Usually, it is preferable to use a polypropylene bottle or a rectangular parallelepiped bag having a capacity of 200 to 3,000 ml.

<加熱殺菌>
加熱殺菌方法は、一般に行われている高圧殺菌釜(オートクレーブ)により行うことができる。通常、115〜130℃の温度で1〜3時間殺菌を行うのが好ましい。また、常圧殺菌釜の場合、98〜100℃で4〜8時間殺菌を行うのが好ましい。なお、場合によっては、一度加熱殺菌した後、一定時間経過させ、次いで再度加熱殺菌するいわゆる間欠殺菌により培養基の殺菌を強化してもよい。
<Heat sterilization>
The heat sterilization method can be performed by a generally used high pressure sterilization pot (autoclave). Usually, it is preferable to sterilize at a temperature of 115 to 130 ° C. for 1 to 3 hours. In the case of a normal pressure sterilizer, sterilization is preferably performed at 98 to 100 ° C. for 4 to 8 hours. In some cases, sterilization of the culture medium may be strengthened by so-called intermittent sterilization in which a certain period of time elapses after heat sterilization once and then heat sterilization again.

<種菌の作製>
種菌の作製は通常の方法を用いればよく、人工栽培したハタケシメジあるいは野性のハタケシメジを採集して組織の一部を切り取って組織培養し、さらに継代培養を繰り返して得られる菌糸体をおが粉または剪定枝葉堆肥化資材と米ぬかまたはフスマを絶乾重量比で2:1〜4:1に混合し、含水率を58〜65%に調整した培養基に接種して、20〜25℃で培養することによって得ることができる。
<Production of inoculum>
The inoculum can be prepared by a normal method. The artificially grown Hatake shimeji or wild hatake shimeji is collected, a part of the tissue is cut out, tissue culture is performed, and the mycelium obtained by repeated subculture is further ground. Or pruned branch compost material and rice bran or bran are mixed at an absolute dry weight ratio of 2: 1 to 4: 1, inoculated into a culture medium adjusted to a moisture content of 58 to 65%, and cultured at 20 to 25 ° C. Can be obtained.

なお、組織培養及び継代培養に用いられる培地は、一般に担子菌が生育する培地であればいずれも使用可能であるが、ポテトデキストロース寒天培地、麦芽エキス寒天培地を使用するのが好ましい。   Any medium can be used as a medium used for tissue culture and subculture, as long as basidiomycetes grow, but it is preferable to use a potato dextrose agar medium or a malt extract agar medium.

<ハタケシメジ種菌の接種及び培養>
本発明におけるハタケシメジの栽培は通常、以下の方法で行う。剪定枝葉堆肥化資材を含む培養基材と栄養源を一定の割合で配合した混合物を含む培養基を栽培ビンあるいは栽培袋等の容器に充填し、加熱殺菌し、これを冷却したのち、あらかじめ作製しておいた種菌を無菌的に接種する。その後、室温20〜25℃および相対湿度60〜70%に調整した室内で30〜120日培養する。
<Inoculation and culture of Hatakeshimeji inoculum>
The cultivation of Hatake shimeji in the present invention is usually carried out by the following method. Filled with a culture medium containing a mixture of pruned branches and leaves composting material and nutrients in a certain ratio in a container such as a cultivation bottle or bag, sterilized by heating, cooled, and prepared in advance. Aseptically inoculate the inoculum. Thereafter, the cells are cultured for 30 to 120 days in a room adjusted to a room temperature of 20 to 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 60 to 70%.

<菌掻きと注水>
菌糸が培養基全体に蔓延した後、栽培ビンによる栽培の場合はキャップを外し、栽培袋の場合は、袋上面を切取る。その際、菌掻きを行うのが好ましい。菌掻きとは、栽培容器上面の菌糸をかき取る工程だが、使用するハタケシメジ種菌の性質によって、菌掻きを行うことにより子実体の発生本数が減少することがあり、その場合は容器上面の周縁部のみを菌掻きするのが好ましい。菌掻きを行う場合は、菌掻き後、容器上面に水を入れ、30分〜3時間後、排水する。菌掻きを行わない場合、又は容器上面の周縁部のみを菌掻きを行う場合は、注水をしない。
<Bacteria scraping and water injection>
After the mycelium has spread throughout the culture medium, the cap is removed in the case of cultivation with cultivation bottles, and the upper surface of the bag is cut out in the case of cultivation bags. At that time, it is preferable to perform fungus scraping. Bacterial scraping is a process of scraping the mycelium on the upper surface of the cultivation container, but depending on the nature of the inoculum used, the number of fruit bodies may be reduced by scraping the fungus. It is preferable to scrape only the bacteria. When bacteria are scraped, water is poured into the upper surface of the container after the bacteria are scraped, and drained after 30 minutes to 3 hours. When bacteria are not scraped or when only the periphery of the upper surface of the container is scraped, water is not poured.

<子実体発生の前処理>
その後、きのこ菌糸の成長に適した温度である、室温20〜25℃、相対湿度95〜100%に調整した室内で3〜14日間、好ましくは7〜14日間、栽培を継続するのが好ましい。この際、栽培ビンで栽培する場合は、高湿度による水滴によりビン上面に水が溜まるのを防ぐために、ビンを倒立させるのが好ましい。この工程により、菌糸が容器上面を覆うが、この際、菌糸上面に原基が形成された場合は、上記の期間にかかわらず次の工程に移る。この操作はより多くの子実体を発生させ、発生本数を増加させ、子実体の大きさを揃える効果を促す。
<Pre-processing of child entity generation>
Then, it is preferable to continue cultivation for 3 to 14 days, preferably 7 to 14 days in a room adjusted to a room temperature of 20 to 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 95 to 100%, which is a temperature suitable for the growth of mushroom mycelia. At this time, when cultivating in a cultivation bottle, it is preferable to invert the bottle in order to prevent water from accumulating on the upper surface of the bottle due to water droplets due to high humidity. By this step, the mycelium covers the upper surface of the container. At this time, if a primordium is formed on the upper surface of the mycelia, the process proceeds to the next step regardless of the above period. This operation generates more child entities, increases the number of occurrences, and promotes the effect of aligning the child entity sizes.

<子実体の発生>
その後、室温14〜19℃、相対湿度90〜100%、照度50〜500ルックス、より好ましくは150〜500ルックスの条件に調整した室内で栽培を継続すると15〜60日目に子実体を採取することができる。剪定枝葉堆肥化資材を使用する場合、同じ温度条件下で、バーク堆肥を使用した場合に比べ、菌傘が小さく、菌柄が長くなる傾向があるため、バーク堆肥による栽培の適温より1〜2℃低くし、照度を150ルックス以上にすることにより、良好な形質の子実体を得ることができる。
<Generation of child entities>
After that, when cultivation is continued in a room adjusted to conditions of room temperature 14-19 ° C., relative humidity 90-100%, illuminance 50-500 lux, more preferably 150-500 lux, fruit bodies are collected on the 15th to 60th day. be able to. When using pruned leaf composting material, the fungus umbrella is smaller and the fungus pattern tends to be longer than when using bark compost under the same temperature conditions. By lowering the temperature and setting the illuminance to 150 lux or more, a fruit body having a good character can be obtained.

また、屋外栽培においては、栽培袋に剪定枝葉堆肥化資材と栄養源を一定の割合で配合した混合物を含む培養基を充填したものを、上記の方法と同様の方法で殺菌、冷却、種菌の接種、培養を行った後、培養袋を剥離し、林内の直射日光の当たらない場所に埋め込む。埋め込む季節は8月中旬から10月上旬が好ましい。培養基の上に2〜4cm土を被せ、その上に落ち葉などをかけておくと、埋め込んだ後25〜60日後に子実体が発生する。   In outdoor cultivation, a culture bag containing a culture medium containing a mixture of pruned leaf composting materials and nutrient sources in a certain ratio is sterilized, cooled, and inoculated with inoculum in the same manner as described above. After culturing, peel off the culture bag and embed it in a place not exposed to direct sunlight in the forest. The embedding season is preferably mid-August to early October. If 2 to 4 cm of soil is placed on the culture medium and fallen leaves are placed on the soil, fruiting bodies are generated 25 to 60 days after implantation.

以下、実施例によって本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。   EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further more concretely, this invention is not limited to these Examples.

使用した剪定枝葉堆肥化資材は以下の方法により製造したものである。剪定枝葉は、6〜8月に採取し、枝条の直径が10cm以下である、コナラ、ミズナラ、サクラ、カシなどの広葉樹、及びスギ、ヒノキ、マツなどの針葉樹を用い、広葉樹と針葉樹の割合は、容量比で4:1とした。採取した剪定枝葉は、粉砕し、チップ状にした後、30mmの篩によりそれ以上の大きさの剪定枝葉を取り除いた。次いで、これを幅10m、長さ20m、高さ5mに堆積し、含水率が65〜70%になるように散水を行いながら、1ヵ月に1回切返しを行い、15ヵ月堆積し、堆肥化を完了させた。   The pruned branch composting material used was manufactured by the following method. Pruned branches and leaves are collected from June to August, and broad-leaved trees such as Japanese oak, Japanese oak, cherry blossom, oak and other conifers whose branch diameter is 10 cm or less, and the ratio of broad-leaved trees and conifers are The volume ratio was 4: 1. The collected pruned branches and leaves were crushed and made into chips, and then the pruned branches and leaves of a larger size were removed with a 30 mm sieve. Next, this is deposited 10m wide, 20m long and 5m high, with water spraying to make the water content 65-70%, turning once a month, depositing 15 months, composting Was completed.

培養基は、剪定枝葉堆肥化資材と米ぬかを絶乾重量比10:2の割合で配合し、含水率を60%に調整したものを用い、これを800ml容のポリプロピレン製ビンに580g充填した。次いでビンの内部全体に空気を補給し、菌糸の生育を良好にするために、ビンの口部分から底部近くに達するまで培養基の中央に直径15mmの大きさの穴を開けた後、このビンを120℃で1時間、高圧殺菌釜を使用して殺菌した。   The culture medium was prepared by blending pruned leaf composting material and rice bran at an absolute dry weight ratio of 10: 2 and adjusting the water content to 60%, and filling this with 580 g of an 800 ml polypropylene bottle. Next, in order to supply air to the entire inside of the bottle and to improve the growth of the mycelium, a hole having a diameter of 15 mm was formed in the center of the culture medium until it reached the bottom from the mouth part of the bottle. Sterilized using a high-pressure sterilizer at 120 ° C. for 1 hour.

殺菌後、15時間放冷した後、クリーンベンチ内で種菌を15g接種して、室温22℃、相対湿度70%に調整した室内で培養した。菌糸がビン全体に蔓延するまで培養を行い、その後、室温18℃、相対湿度95%、照度80ルックスに調整した室内で栽培を継続した。   After sterilization, the mixture was allowed to cool for 15 hours, inoculated with 15 g of inoculum in a clean bench, and cultured in a room adjusted to a room temperature of 22 ° C. and a relative humidity of 70%. Cultivation was continued until the mycelium spread throughout the bottle, and then the cultivation was continued in a room adjusted to room temperature 18 ° C., relative humidity 95%, and illuminance 80 lux.

この結果、接種後68日で子実体が発生し、栽培ビン当たり129g、子実体本数14.4本のハタケシメジの子実体が採取された。なお、菌柄の長さと菌傘の長さの割合は3:1であり、菌傘に比べやや菌柄の長い子実体となった。   As a result, fruit bodies were generated 68 days after the inoculation, and 129 g per cultivation bottle and 14.4 fruit bodies of Hatake shimeji were collected. Note that the ratio of the length of the fungus pattern to the length of the fungus umbrella was 3: 1, and the fruit body had a slightly longer fungus pattern than the fungus umbrella.

実験例1と同様の方法により培養基の調製及び充填、殺菌、培養を行った後、室温20℃、相対湿度98%に調整した室内で7日間、栽培を継続した後、室温16℃、相対湿度95%、照度200ルックスに調整した室内で栽培を継続した。これ以外は実施例2と同様にして栽培を行った。その結果、接種後69日に子実体が発生し、栽培ビン当たり140g、子実体本数24.3本の子実体が採取された。なお、菌柄の長さと菌傘の長さの割合は2.5:1であり、良好な形質となった。   After the culture medium was prepared, filled, sterilized and cultured in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, cultivation was continued in a room adjusted to room temperature 20 ° C. and relative humidity 98% for 7 days, and then room temperature 16 ° C. and relative humidity. Cultivation was continued in a room adjusted to 95% and illuminance of 200 lux. Except this, cultivation was performed in the same manner as in Example 2. As a result, fruit bodies were generated 69 days after inoculation, and 140 g fruit bodies per cultivation bottle and 24.3 fruit bodies were collected. In addition, the ratio of the length of the fungus pattern and the length of the fungus was 2.5: 1, which was a favorable character.

比較例1Comparative Example 1

比較例としてバーク堆肥と米ぬかを10:2の割合で配合し、実施例1の方法で栽培したところ、接種後78日で子実体が発生し、栽培ビン当たり108g、子実体本数13.8本の子実体が採取された。
なお、菌柄の長さと菌傘の長さの割合は2.4:1であり、良好な形質であった。
上記実施例1,実施例2及び比較例1の結果について比較したものを下記表1に示す。
As a comparative example, bark compost and rice bran were blended at a ratio of 10: 2 and cultivated by the method of Example 1. As a result, fruit bodies were generated 78 days after inoculation, 108 g per cultivation bottle, and 13.8 fruit bodies. The fruit body of was collected.
In addition, the ratio between the length of the fungus pattern and the length of the fungus was 2.4: 1, which was a favorable character.
Table 1 below shows a comparison of the results of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1.

試験例1Test example 1

菌糸伸長速度を調べるため、実施例1と同じ方法で製造した剪定枝葉堆肥化資材とフスマを絶乾重量比4:1の割合で配合したものを含水率60%程度に調整し、これを直径30mmの試験管に80g充填し、120℃で1時間、高圧殺菌釜を使用して殺菌した。   In order to examine the hyphal elongation rate, a pruned-branch composting material produced in the same manner as in Example 1 and bran were blended at a ratio of an absolute dry weight ratio of 4: 1, and the water content was adjusted to about 60%. A 30 mm test tube was filled with 80 g, and sterilized using a high-pressure sterilizer at 120 ° C. for 1 hour.

その後、クリーンベンチ内で予めシャーレ上のポテトデキストロース寒天培地で培養しておいたハタケシメジ菌を直径1cmのコルクボーラーで打ち抜き、接種した。その後、温度22℃、相対湿度70%に調整した室内で培養を行い、菌糸の伸長量を測定した。   Thereafter, Hatake shimeji bacterium previously cultured on a potato dextrose agar medium on a petri dish in a clean bench was punched with a 1 cm diameter cork borer and inoculated. Thereafter, the cells were cultured in a room adjusted to a temperature of 22 ° C. and a relative humidity of 70%, and the amount of hyphal elongation was measured.

なお、比較として、バーク堆肥とフスマを絶乾重量比4:1の割合で配合したものを同様の方法で培養し、菌糸の伸長量を測定した。これらの結果を図1に示す。   For comparison, bark compost and bran blended at a ratio of 4: 1 by dry weight were cultured in the same manner, and the amount of mycelial elongation was measured. These results are shown in FIG.

上記実施例1、実施例2及び比較例1から、剪定枝葉堆肥化資材を培養基として用いることにより、ハタケシメジの栽培期間を短縮できることが確認された。
これは、剪定枝葉が樹皮に比べ、フェノール類、樹脂等の菌糸伸長阻害成分が少なく、堆肥化処理後もバーク堆肥に比べこれらの菌糸伸長阻害物質が少ないことにより、菌糸伸長速度を速め、さらに培養基中に蔓延した菌糸密度が高くなることにより、子実体発生への栄養供給がしやすい状態になったためと考えられる。
ハタケシメジは、他のきのこよりも栽培期間が長いため、空調施設を稼動させる経費が増大すること等で、収益性を損なう原因となっており、そのため、より短期間で子実体を発生させることが必要であった。本発明は、上記栽培期間の短縮を可能にすることにより、生産コストを低減させ、施設の回転率を向上させる効果を奏する。
From the said Example 1, Example 2, and the comparative example 1, it was confirmed that the cultivation period of Hatake-shimeji can be shortened by using the pruned branch leaf composting material as a culture medium.
This is because pruned branches and leaves have fewer hyphal elongation inhibiting components such as phenols and resins than bark, and even after composting treatment, these hypha elongation inhibitors are less than bark compost, thereby increasing the hyphal elongation rate. This is thought to be due to the fact that the nutrient density for the development of fruiting bodies became easier due to the increase in the density of hyphae that spread in the culture medium.
Hatake shimeji has a longer cultivation period than other mushrooms, which increases the cost of operating air-conditioning facilities, and is a cause of loss of profitability. Therefore, it can generate fruit bodies in a shorter period of time. It was necessary. The present invention has the effect of reducing the production cost and improving the turnover rate of the facility by enabling the cultivation period to be shortened.

上記実施例1、実施例2及び比較例1から、剪定枝葉堆肥化資材を培養基として用いることにより、ハタケシメジの収量が向上することが確認された。
これは、剪定枝葉堆肥化資材は粘性が高いことから、保肥力が大きく、培養基中に含まれている栄養分が多いためと考えられる。
ハタケシメジの栽培は、他の多くの栽培きのこと同様に、空調施設を使用することにより、大量生産及び周年栽培が可能である上に、他の栽培きのこ、特にブナシメジなどの株状の形状をしたきのことの差別化が難しいため競争が激しく、生産コストの低減とともに収量の向上を実現することが収益性の向上を図る上で必要であった。本発明は、上記収量の向上を可能にすることにより、収益性を向上させる効果を奏する。
From the said Example 1, Example 2, and the comparative example 1, it was confirmed that the yield of Hatake-shimeji is improved by using the pruned branch leaf composting material as a culture medium.
This is probably because the pruned-leaf composting material is highly viscous, so it has a high fertilizer and contains a large amount of nutrients in the culture medium.
Hatake shimeji, like many other cultivated mushrooms, can be mass-produced and year-round cultivated by using air-conditioning facilities, and in addition to other cultivated mushrooms, especially beech shimeji. Competition is intense because it is difficult to differentiate mushrooms, and it was necessary to improve profitability by reducing production costs and improving yields. The present invention has the effect of improving profitability by enabling the yield to be improved.

上記試験例1から、剪定枝葉堆肥化資材を培養基として用いることにより、ハタケシメジの初期伸長を早めることが可能であることが確認された。
これは、剪定枝葉中にハタケシメジが利用しやすい単糖類、オリゴ糖類、澱粉が多く含まれ、なおかつ難分解性であるリグニンが少ないため、堆肥化処理後においても、利用しやすい栄養分が残存し、これらの栄養分を分解する時間が短く、早く吸収できるためと考えられる。
ハタケシメジは、菌の初期成長が遅いため、培養基表面に蔓延する前に、培養施設中に存在している雑菌が培養容器内に侵入し雑菌菌糸が伸長することにより、結果としてハタケシメジの菌糸伸長が阻害される原因となっていた。そしてさらに、増殖した雑菌が施設内を汚染する原因ともなっていた。
本発明は、ハタケシメジの種菌の初期伸長を早くし、後から侵入した雑菌の被害を防ぐ効果を奏する。
From Test Example 1 above, it was confirmed that the initial elongation of Hatake shimeji can be accelerated by using the pruned leaf composting material as a culture medium.
This is because there are many monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and starches that are easy to use in the pruned branch leaves, and since there are few lignins that are difficult to decompose, nutrients that are easy to use remain even after composting, It is thought that the time for decomposing these nutrients is short and can be absorbed quickly.
Hatake shimeji has a slow initial growth of the fungus, and before spreading to the surface of the culture medium, the germs existing in the culture facility enter the culture vessel and the hyphae mycelium grows. It was a cause of inhibition. Furthermore, the proliferated bacteria have become a cause of contaminating the facility.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention has the effect of accelerating the initial elongation of the seeds of Hatake shimeji and preventing the damage of bacteria that have invaded later.

試験例1の結果を、横軸を培養日数、縦軸を菌糸伸長量としたグラフ図である。FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of Test Example 1, with the horizontal axis representing the number of days of culture and the vertical axis representing the amount of hyphal elongation. (A)は実施例2により発生した子実体、(B)は比較例1により発生した子実体を示した写真図である。(A) is a photograph showing a child entity generated in Example 2, and (B) is a photograph showing a child entity generated in Comparative Example 1.

Claims (6)

剪定した枝条、生葉又はその両方を堆肥化させた資材を含むことを特徴とするハタケシメジの栽培用培養基。   A culture medium for cultivating Hatake shimeji mushroom, comprising a material obtained by composting pruned branches, fresh leaves, or both. 剪定した枝条、生葉又はその両方を、広葉樹を主とし、針葉樹については枝条及び生葉全体の容量の3割以下とした請求項1記載のハタケシメジの栽培用培養基。   The culture medium for cultivating Hatake shimeji mushroom according to claim 1, wherein the pruned branches, fresh leaves or both are mainly broad-leaved trees, and the conifers are 30% or less of the total capacity of the branches and fresh leaves. 枝条の直径を10cm以下、好ましくは5cm以下のものを使用する請求項1又は2記載のハタケシメジの栽培用培養基。   The culture medium for cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushroom according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a branch having a diameter of 10 cm or less, preferably 5 cm or less is used. 広葉樹については、生育する3月から11月までに採取したものとし、採取した枝条及び生葉は、7cm以下、好ましくは3cm以下のチップ状にした請求項1ないし3いずれか1項記載のハタケシメジの栽培用培養基。   The broad-leaved tree is collected from March to November when grown, and the collected branches and leaves are not more than 7 cm, preferably not more than 3 cm, in the form of chips. Culture medium for cultivation. 剪定した枝条、生葉、又はその両方を堆肥化させた資材を含むハタケシメジの栽培用培養基を用いて栽培することを特徴とするハタケシメジ栽培方法。   A Hatake shimeji cultivation method characterized by culturing using a culture medium for cultivating Hatake shimeji mushrooms containing materials obtained by composting pruned branches, fresh leaves, or both. 剪定した枝条、生葉、又はその両方を堆肥化させた資材を含むハタケシメジの栽培用培養基を用い、該培養基に菌糸が蔓延した後、19〜25℃の温度範囲で、相対湿度を95〜100%の条件に調整した室内において3〜14日間載置し、次いで室温14〜19℃、相対湿度90〜100%の条件に調整した室内で栽培を継続することを特徴とするハタケシメジ栽培方法。   Using a culture medium for cultivating Hatake shimeji mushroom containing materials obtained by composting pruned branches, raw leaves, or both, and after the hyphae spread to the culture medium, the relative humidity is 95-100% in a temperature range of 19-25 ° C. A method for cultivating Hatake shimeji mushroom, which is placed in a room adjusted to the above conditions for 3 to 14 days and then continued in a room adjusted to room temperature 14 to 19 ° C. and relative humidity 90 to 100%.
JP2005103347A 2005-03-31 2005-03-31 Hatake-shimeji culture medium and cultivation method thereof Active JP5282199B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2005103347A JP5282199B2 (en) 2005-03-31 2005-03-31 Hatake-shimeji culture medium and cultivation method thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2005103347A JP5282199B2 (en) 2005-03-31 2005-03-31 Hatake-shimeji culture medium and cultivation method thereof

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2006280255A true JP2006280255A (en) 2006-10-19
JP5282199B2 JP5282199B2 (en) 2013-09-04

Family

ID=37402801

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2005103347A Active JP5282199B2 (en) 2005-03-31 2005-03-31 Hatake-shimeji culture medium and cultivation method thereof

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP5282199B2 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008245629A (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-16 Kyushu Univ Microbial preparation for treatment of woody waste
JP2008271917A (en) * 2007-05-07 2008-11-13 Kyodo Kumiai Kinosei Shokuhin Kaihatsu Center Method for cultivating ganoderma amboinense
CN104322281A (en) * 2014-10-22 2015-02-04 江苏菇本堂生物科技股份有限公司 Method for cultivating bottle-cultivated club fungi in fruiting stage
CN104370612A (en) * 2014-12-03 2015-02-25 大新县生产力促进中心 Longan tree seedling culture medium
CN108617401A (en) * 2018-04-23 2018-10-09 大兴安岭地区农业林业科学研究院(大兴安岭林业集团公司农业林业科学研究院) A kind of cultivation of wild high-quality green tea mushroom strain and cultural method

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11243774A (en) * 1998-03-03 1999-09-14 Oji Paper Co Ltd Artificial culture of lyophyllum decastes
JP2001120058A (en) * 1999-10-21 2001-05-08 Sueo Wada Method for producing culture medium for agaricus blazei murill from compost
JP2002112631A (en) * 2000-10-05 2002-04-16 Oji Paper Co Ltd Method for indoor culturing of lyophyllum decastes
JP2002293681A (en) * 2001-03-30 2002-10-09 Shinjiro Kanazawa Method of producing bark-like compost
JP2004180660A (en) * 2002-12-03 2004-07-02 Buhei Kono CULTIVATION TECHNIQUE INTENTIONALLY CONTROLLING CONTENT OF AMINO ACID, TAURINE, AND gamma-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID IN CONSTANT RANGE WITH COMPOSITION ORGANIZATION AND FORMULATION RATIO OF MEDIUM IN CULTIVATING GANODERMA LUCIDUM KARST, AND BRACKET FUNGUS OF THE GENUS FOMES

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11243774A (en) * 1998-03-03 1999-09-14 Oji Paper Co Ltd Artificial culture of lyophyllum decastes
JP2001120058A (en) * 1999-10-21 2001-05-08 Sueo Wada Method for producing culture medium for agaricus blazei murill from compost
JP2002112631A (en) * 2000-10-05 2002-04-16 Oji Paper Co Ltd Method for indoor culturing of lyophyllum decastes
JP2002293681A (en) * 2001-03-30 2002-10-09 Shinjiro Kanazawa Method of producing bark-like compost
JP2004180660A (en) * 2002-12-03 2004-07-02 Buhei Kono CULTIVATION TECHNIQUE INTENTIONALLY CONTROLLING CONTENT OF AMINO ACID, TAURINE, AND gamma-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID IN CONSTANT RANGE WITH COMPOSITION ORGANIZATION AND FORMULATION RATIO OF MEDIUM IN CULTIVATING GANODERMA LUCIDUM KARST, AND BRACKET FUNGUS OF THE GENUS FOMES

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JPN6010046284; 粕谷嘉信: 'ハタケシメジの栽培技術の改善に関する研究' 栃木県林業センター年報 No.35, 20041201, 10 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008245629A (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-16 Kyushu Univ Microbial preparation for treatment of woody waste
JP2008271917A (en) * 2007-05-07 2008-11-13 Kyodo Kumiai Kinosei Shokuhin Kaihatsu Center Method for cultivating ganoderma amboinense
CN104322281A (en) * 2014-10-22 2015-02-04 江苏菇本堂生物科技股份有限公司 Method for cultivating bottle-cultivated club fungi in fruiting stage
CN104370612A (en) * 2014-12-03 2015-02-25 大新县生产力促进中心 Longan tree seedling culture medium
CN108617401A (en) * 2018-04-23 2018-10-09 大兴安岭地区农业林业科学研究院(大兴安岭林业集团公司农业林业科学研究院) A kind of cultivation of wild high-quality green tea mushroom strain and cultural method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP5282199B2 (en) 2013-09-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN103798030B (en) Anji white tea ecological and efficient cultivation method
CN105284381A (en) Construction method for fast oiltea camellia forest establishment
Kyan et al. Kyusei nature farming and the technology of effective microorganisms
CN1956652A (en) Plant growing bed, seedling raising bed and cover soil material for seedling raising bed
CN108781968A (en) A kind of method of interplanting tea tree and black fungus
JP5282199B2 (en) Hatake-shimeji culture medium and cultivation method thereof
CN112243780A (en) Citrus plant cell sap concentration regulation and control girdling-free cultivation method
CN106538251A (en) It is a kind of reduce large leaf Camellia sinensis wither bud disease fast seedling-cultivating method
JP2009165469A (en) Medium for pineapple cultivation, and cultivation method for pineapple
CN107197668A (en) Rhizoma Gastrodiae implantation methods
CN109588223A (en) A kind of pumpkin planting method improving soil acidity
JP2006169043A (en) Soil fungi soil aspergillus, soil fungi rice aspergillus, organic soil fungi fertilizer and soil fungi fertilizer by microorganism and method of cultivation by organic soil fungi fertilizer and the like
KR100356762B1 (en) Method to manufacture complex microbe culture and manure using complex microbe culture
JP3698416B2 (en) Production method of artificial soil
JP3143091B2 (en) How to reuse abandoned mulberry fields
JPH11255572A (en) Material for applying microorganism
JP2008253242A (en) Method for growing plant and bean-curd refuse for fertilizer
KR102301162B1 (en) Vegetable cultivation method using compression mold soil containing biomass
JP6324042B2 (en) Mycelium fertilizer and its production method
CN113207548A (en) Method for cultivating dictyophora rubrovolvata by using raw materials in low-altitude field
Ashrafi et al. Utilization of rice straw compost for strawberry and tomato production
CN105961039A (en) Grafting method for dragon fruits
CN107827511A (en) A kind of organic fruit vegetable nutrient soil and preparation method thereof
CN112400610A (en) Culture medium for boletus and preparation method thereof
CN105218201B (en) A kind of coprinus comatus compost and preparation method thereof for preventing and treating chicken feet bacterium

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20080319

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20100716

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20100831

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20101029

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20110628

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20110826

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20120327

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20120411

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20130212

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20130314

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Ref document number: 5282199

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250