CN105218201B - A kind of coprinus comatus compost and preparation method thereof for preventing and treating chicken feet bacterium - Google Patents

A kind of coprinus comatus compost and preparation method thereof for preventing and treating chicken feet bacterium Download PDF

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CN105218201B
CN105218201B CN201510771636.0A CN201510771636A CN105218201B CN 105218201 B CN105218201 B CN 105218201B CN 201510771636 A CN201510771636 A CN 201510771636A CN 105218201 B CN105218201 B CN 105218201B
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bacterium
chicken feet
coprinus comatus
compost
vinasse
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CN105218201A (en
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张柏松
马征
郑福丽
边文范
徐长英
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Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of coprinus comatus composts and preparation method thereof for preventing and treating chicken feet bacterium, raw material components and its weight percent composition are as follows: cotton seed hulls 50~70%, vinasse 15~30%, potato slag 0~6%, corn flour 3~8%, land plaster 0.1~4%, calcium superphosphate 0.1~4%, pulverized limestone 0.5~5%, cultivation base stock formula of the invention, effectively inhibit the generation of chicken feet bacterium, the especially adding proportion of vinasse or vinasse and potato slag, it not only prevents the generation of chicken feet bacterium while also avoiding inhibiting shaggy mane mycelium and sporophore growth, increase coprinus comatus yield, guarantee is provided for coprinus comatus production.

Description

A kind of coprinus comatus compost and preparation method thereof for preventing and treating chicken feet bacterium
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of coprinus comatus composts and preparation method thereof for preventing and treating chicken feet bacterium, belong to fungus growing technique Field.
Background technique
Coprinus comatus, scientific name (Cprinus comalus), also known as coprinus comatus, thorn mushroom, shaggy cap, big terrible umbrella etc., is dividing Belong to Eumycota, Basidiomycotina, Hymenomycetes, Agaricales, coprinaceae, Coprinus in class, coprinus comatus is in 1970s west Fang Guojia has started artificial cultivation, and China is in the success of the artificial cultivation eighties.Since coprinus comatus bag growth cycle is short, bioconversion Rate is higher, is easy to cultivate, and is particularly suitable for Chinese countryside plantation.Planting scale rapidly expands in recent years, it has also become Agaricales China One of the edible mushroom of large cultivation.
Coprinus comatus is a kind of raw bacterium of extremely strong rotten excrement raw-soil of grass of adaptive faculty.Available material is very extensive, such as straw, wheat Straw, cotton seed hulls, cow dung, horsehit, while a variety of broad-leaved wood chips can also be utilized well.Can clinker cultivation, fermentation material cultivation, Can cultivation in raw material, as various regions cultivated area increases year by year, but the following pest and disease damage also gradually increases, and pest and disease damage is mostly because of base Material is invaded and harassed by other harmful microbes or environmental condition is not suitable for, and so that it is cannot proceed normally growth and development, or even dead, right The phenomenon that production causes heavy losses.
Coprinus comatus color is pure white, full of nutrition, delicious flavour, containing multivitamin and amino acid that needed by human body is wanted, And the effective component containing anti-cancer active matter and treatment diabetes, long-term consumption is to reduction blood sugar concentration, raising human immunity function There can be preferable effect.The kind has become the collection for meeting that FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) require One of 16 kinds of Rare edible fungus that " natural, nutrition, health care " three kinds of functions are integrated are that one kind has higher commercial potential and opens The high-quality Rare edible fungus new varieties of hair prospect.In the practical cultivation of coprinus comatus, often there is a kind of harmful miscellaneous bacteria --- " chicken feet Bacterium ", and can not be cured once chicken feet bacterium occurs, the general not president coprinus comatus in place of chicken feet bacterium occurs, this disease is to chicken Leg mushroom yield causes very big influence, and therefore, chicken feet bacterium is eaten " the mushroom cancer " that bacterium industry is known as in coprinus comatus production. " chicken feet bacterium ", is called forked Xylaria sp. fungus, be it is emerging in recent years endanger a kind of coprinus comatus disease fungus the most serious, it is main The sporophore growth stage in coprinus comatus occurs.Because this miscellaneous bacteria fructification exactly likes chicken feet, therefore it is referred to as " chicken feet bacterium ".For The prevention and treatment of the disease, not relatively good method is published so far.Once morbidity, harm is serious.In the prior art, be by Destruction is dug out with tool in the place that chicken feet bacterium occurs, and is sprinkled with pulverized limestone, not can control pollution not only, thousand sores for often digging mushroom bed Hundred holes, fruiting area is smaller and smaller, seriously affects yield and benefit.
Chicken feet bacterium biological characteristics: after coprinus comatus bacterium bag earthing, " chicken feet bacterium " is first often grown from overburden layer, children is tender Light brown, inner white outside fructification, from base portion branch 2-5 item, long 2cm or so, slightly about 2mm have coarse net in base portion soil The shoestring of shape is connected with the mycelia of coprinus comatus.Fructification overall length 4-11cm after maturation, slightly about 4mm;The wherein long 2-6cm of stroma, Thick 3-4mm, taupe to black;Internal near-white, solid, approximate wooden, Gan Houren is not easily broken, and stroma top is tapering, face Color is slightly shallow, is in sepia, long 2-4cm, thick 0.3-1mm, like the toenail of chicken feet, top covers with aleurioconidium.Base portion handle is long, and deep In burying, Chang You 2-5 stroma handle is connected.Form root shape handle, long 3-5cm, thick 1.8-2.5mm.The mycelia of forked Xylaria sp. fungus and Fructification and coprinus comatus contention nutrition, moisture and air, strong inhibition shaggy mane mycelium and sporophore growth.It is in bacterium bed once long " chicken feet mushroom " out, coprinus comatus yield just will be greatly reduced, or even total crop failure, endanger very big.
Forked Xylaria sp. fungus is primarily present in the dead wood in nature, forage, soil and air, and ascospore can be with cultivation It trains the various kinds of media such as raw material, soil, air and invades coprinus comatus growth substrate." chicken feet bacterium " likes high temperature, darkness and poor aeration Environment.Late spring, summer and early autumn cultivate, be easiest to occur, general 25 DEG C or more endanger it is most heavy.In addition, Compost fermentation, Sterilizing is not thorough, cover soil material processing it is bad, planting environment disinfection not enough, and cause chicken feet bacterium occur the reason of one of.According to Cultivation practices observation, raw material, fermentation material are easier to infection chicken feet bacterium than clinker.Chicken feet bacterium generally just occurs after bacterium bag earthing, because This, many people think that chicken feet bacterium is fungus in soil.We have found that the bacterium bag of earthing can not grown sometimes yet in production " chicken feet bacterium ".So it is presently believed that the viewpoint of " chicken feet bacterium is fungus in soil " has one-sidedness, it is necessary to be updated.
Chicken feet bacterium is difficult to administer, because the mycelia of chicken feet bacterium seems and coprinus comatus symbiosis, the two growth conditions once occurring It is extremely close, and occur rapid.Therefore, chicken feet bacterium should be controlled before harm occurs based on prevention and integrated control.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provide it is a kind of prevent and treat chicken feet bacterium coprinus comatus compost and its preparation side Method.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of coprinus comatus compost for preventing and treating chicken feet bacterium, raw material components and its weight percent composition are as follows:
Cotton seed hulls 50~70%, vinasse 15~30%, potato slag 0~6%, corn flour 3~8%, land plaster 0.1~4%, mistake Calcium phosphate 0.1~4%, pulverized limestone 0.5~5%,
The sum of weight percentage of each component is 100%;
Pulverized limestone is added in cotton seed hulls, adjusting water content is 60-70%, and bored heap fermentation is carried out after being sufficiently mixed, is added Vinasse, potato slag, corn flour, gypsum, calcium superphosphate are mixed thoroughly to obtain compost, adjust Compost moisture content and are adjusted to 60-70%, sterilize Afterwards to get the coprinus comatus compost of prevention and treatment chicken feet bacterium.
Currently preferred, the cotton seed hulls water content is less than or equal to 15%, is that cottonseed remains after decorticator separates Under shell, the granularity of cotton seed hulls is 3~5mm.The present invention preferably without drench with rain, the cotton seed hulls without mildew.
Currently preferred, the vinasse are remaining waste residue after the wine brewing of the raw materials such as corn, wheat, sorghum, sweet potato.
Currently preferred, the potato slag is remaining slag object after sweet potato, cassava, potato fresh sweet potato block producing starch.
Currently preferred, the pulverized limestone, land plaster, calcium superphosphate are common commercially available product, conventional use.
It is currently preferred, the coprinus comatus compost of chicken feet bacterium is prevented and treated, raw material components and its weight percent composition are as follows:
Cotton seed hulls 55~65%, vinasse 18~26%, potato slag 0~5%, corn flour 5~7%, land plaster 1~2% cross phosphorus Sour calcium 1~2%, pulverized limestone 2~3%, the sum of weight percentage of each component are 100%.
A currently preferred technical solution prevents and treats the coprinus comatus compost of chicken feet bacterium, raw material components and its weight hundred Divide ratio as follows:
Cotton seed hulls 60%, vinasse 20%, corn flour 6%, land plaster 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, pulverized limestone 2%.
Another currently preferred technical solution prevents and treats the coprinus comatus compost of chicken feet bacterium, raw material components and its again It is as follows to measure percentage:
Cotton seed hulls 55%, vinasse 20%, potato slag 5%, corn flour 5%, land plaster 1%, calcium superphosphate 1.5%, pulverized limestone 2.5%.
The preparation method of the coprinus comatus compost of above-mentioned prevention and treatment chicken feet bacterium, steps are as follows:
(1) without mildew cotton seed hulls, being crushed to granularity is 3~5mm, and pulverized limestone is added according to the ratio for choosing, and water is added to adjust water content For 60-70%, it is sufficiently mixed the uniform bored heap of rear cover plastic film, under the conditions of 45~65 DEG C, ferments 10~15 days, fermentation is made Cotton seed hulls;
(2) fresh grain stillage is spread out and is dried in hardened ground, make its water content 15% hereinafter, and being crushed to granularity 2-5 Millimeter;
(3) potato slag is spread out and is dried in hardened ground, make its water content 15% hereinafter, and being crushed to granularity 2-5 milli Rice;
(4) according to the proportion, fermentation cotton seed hulls is mixed thoroughly and is cultivated with vinasse, potato slag, corn flour, gypsum, calcium superphosphate Material;
(5) it packs and seals after Compost moisture content being adjusted to 60-70% with water, packed compost is gone out at 100 DEG C Bacterium 16-18 hours or high pressure sterilization 3-5 hours, obtain the coprinus comatus compost of prevention and treatment chicken feet bacterium.
The method for carrying out cultivating drumstick mushroom using the coprinus comatus compost of prevention and treatment chicken feet bacterium of the invention, steps are as follows:
(1) roll over diameter 50-55cm's using long 55-60cm as culture material using the coprinus comatus compost of prevention and treatment chicken feet bacterium Polyethylene plastic bag makes bacterium bag, every high 14-16cm of sacked material, and sowing quantity is the 10~15% of culture material quality, makes through pack Obtain bacterium bag;
(2) bacterium bag obtained is moved to and carries out bacterium germination in bacteria-producing room, implement when bacterium germination to be protected from light, temperature is controlled 15~28 DEG C, humid control 70% hereinafter, when bacterium germination be aerated, insect prevention, antiforeign bacteria pollution, cultivate under the above conditions, bacterium bag is complete At preliminary bacterium germination, entire bacterium bag is all covered with shaggy mane mycelium,
(3) then under the conditions of 8~26 DEG C mycelia After-mature cultivation 15~25 days, by 15~25 days mycelia after-ripening train It supports, the biomass of bacterium bag increases considerably, and bacterium bag surface switchs to dark white that is greyish white or having ashen by white, and bacterium bag weight ratio is rigid It completes to mitigate 10~15% when sowing.
The method for carrying out cultivating drumstick mushroom using the coprinus comatus compost of prevention and treatment chicken feet bacterium of the invention, bacterium germination success rate exist 98% or more, the generation of chicken feet bacterium is effectively inhibited, the yield of coprinus comatus is improved, provides guarantee for coprinus comatus production.
Factory formula of the invention is that those skilled in the art obtain by numerous experiments, vinasse and cotton seed hulls, potato The proportion of slag, corn flour avoids the use of sawdust, straw, has separated the source of forked Xylaria sp. fungus deposit, has avoided ascus spore Son invades coprinus comatus growth substrate with culturing raw material medium, while the generation of chicken feet bacterium always in the course of cultivation, passes through source Head and growing environment avoid, inhibit the generation of chicken feet bacterium, increase coprinus comatus yield.
Factory formula of the invention is that those skilled in the art obtain by numerous experiments, vinasse and cotton seed hulls, potato The proportion of slag, corn flour effectively inhibits the adding proportion of the generation of chicken feet bacterium, especially vinasse or vinasse and potato slag, not only It prevents the generation of chicken feet bacterium while also avoiding inhibiting shaggy mane mycelium and sporophore growth, increase coprinus comatus yield.
Present invention excellent results compared with existing conventional techniques are as follows:
1, cultivation base stock formula of the invention is that those skilled in the art obtain by numerous experiments, vinasse and cotton The proportion of seed shell, potato slag, corn flour effectively inhibits the addition ratio of the generation of chicken feet bacterium, especially vinasse or vinasse and potato slag Example not only prevents the generation of chicken feet bacterium while also avoiding inhibiting shaggy mane mycelium and sporophore growth, increases coprinus comatus production Amount.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described, and non-elaborate is existing by this field in embodiment Technology.
Raw material explanation
Pulverized limestone is purchased from the town Licheng District Yao Qiang building constructor;
Pulverized limestone, land plaster, calcium superphosphate are ordinary commercial products.
Embodiment 1
A kind of coprinus comatus compost for preventing and treating chicken feet bacterium, raw material components and its weight percent are as follows:
Cotton seed hulls 60%, vinasse 20%, corn flour 6%, land plaster 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, pulverized limestone 2%.
Preparation method, steps are as follows:
(1) without mildew cotton seed hulls, being crushed to granularity is 4mm, and pulverized limestone is added according to the ratio for choosing, adds water to adjust water content and is 65%, it is sufficiently mixed the uniform bored heap of rear cover plastic film, under the conditions of 50 DEG C, is fermented 12 days, fermentation cotton seed hulls is made;
(2) fresh grain stillage is spread out and is dried in hardened ground, make its water content 15% hereinafter, and being crushed to 3 milli of granularity Rice;
(3) potato slag is spread out and is dried in hardened ground, make its water content 15% hereinafter, and being crushed to 3 millimeters of granularity;
(4) according to the proportion, fermentation cotton seed hulls is mixed thoroughly and is cultivated with vinasse, potato slag, corn flour, gypsum, calcium superphosphate Material;
(5) it packs and seals after Compost moisture content being adjusted to 68% with water, packed compost is sterilized at 100 DEG C 16-18 hours, obtain the coprinus comatus compost of prevention and treatment chicken feet bacterium.
The present embodiment shaggy mane mycelium bacterium germination is fast, and growth is more vigorous, and mycelia is pure white dense, chicken feet bacterium does not occur.
Embodiment 2
A kind of coprinus comatus compost for preventing and treating chicken feet bacterium, raw material components and its weight percent are as follows:
Cotton seed hulls 55%, vinasse 20%, potato slag 5%, corn flour 5%, land plaster 1%, calcium superphosphate 1.5%, pulverized limestone 2.5%.
(1) without mildew cotton seed hulls, being crushed to granularity is 4mm, and pulverized limestone is added according to the ratio for choosing, adds water to adjust water content and is 65%, it is sufficiently mixed the uniform bored heap of rear cover plastic film, under the conditions of 50 DEG C, is fermented 12 days, fermentation cotton seed hulls is made;
(2) fresh grain stillage is spread out and is dried in hardened ground, make its water content 15% hereinafter, and being crushed to 3 milli of granularity Rice;
(3) potato slag is spread out and is dried in hardened ground, make its water content 15% hereinafter, and being crushed to 3 millimeters of granularity;
(4) according to the proportion, fermentation cotton seed hulls is mixed thoroughly and is cultivated with vinasse, potato slag, corn flour, gypsum, calcium superphosphate Material;
(5) it packs and seals after Compost moisture content being adjusted to 68% with water, packed compost is sterilized at 100 DEG C 16-18 hours, obtain the coprinus comatus compost of prevention and treatment chicken feet bacterium.
The present embodiment shaggy mane mycelium bacterium germination is fast, and growth is more vigorous, and mycelia is pure white dense, chicken feet bacterium does not occur.
Embodiment 3
A kind of coprinus comatus compost for preventing and treating chicken feet bacterium, raw material components and its weight percent composition are as follows:
Cotton seed hulls 66%, vinasse 20%, corn flour 8%, land plaster 1.5%, calcium superphosphate 2%, pulverized limestone 2.5%.
Comparative example 1
A kind of coprinus comatus compost, raw material components and its weight percent are as follows:
Cotton seed hulls 60%, corn flour 26%, land plaster 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, pulverized limestone 2%.
Comparative example 2
A kind of coprinus comatus compost, raw material components and its weight percent are as follows:
Cotton seed hulls 40%, vinasse 40%, corn flour 6%, land plaster 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, pulverized limestone 2%.
Experimental example
1, using coprinus comatus compost mushroom of the conventional method to embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-2 be placed under the same terms into Row apricot coprinus comatus bacterium germination culture,
Then bacterium germination rate and bacterium bag the pollution chicken feet bacterium of embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-2 is counted, concrete outcome is such as Shown in table 1:
Table 1
As can be seen from the above table, the coprinus comatus bacterium germination success rate of embodiment 1-3 is apparently higher than comparative example, trains in coprinus comatus In terms of nutriment chicken feet bacterium pollution rate pollution rate, living contaminants have been not detected in coprinus comatus compost of the invention, of the invention Factory formula effectively inhibits the adding proportion of the generation of chicken feet bacterium, especially vinasse or vinasse and potato slag, not only prevents chicken The generation of pawl bacterium also avoids inhibiting shaggy mane mycelium and sporophore growth simultaneously, increases coprinus comatus yield.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of coprinus comatus compost for preventing and treating chicken feet bacterium, raw material components and its weight percent composition are as follows:
Cotton seed hulls 50~70%, vinasse 15~30%, potato slag 0~6%, corn flour 3~8%, land plaster 0.1~4%, peroxophosphoric acid Calcium 0.1~4%, pulverized limestone 0.5~5%,
The sum of weight percentage of each component is 100%;
Cotton seed hulls is added pulverized limestone, adjusting water content is 60-70%, and bored heap fermentation is carried out after being sufficiently mixed, add vinasse, Potato slag, corn flour, land plaster, calcium superphosphate are mixed thoroughly to obtain compost, adjust Compost moisture content and are adjusted to 60-70%, after sterilizing, Up to the coprinus comatus compost of prevention and treatment chicken feet bacterium;
The cotton seed hulls water content is less than or equal to 15%, is cottonseed remaining shell after decorticator separates, cotton seed hulls Granularity is 3~5mm;
The vinasse are remaining waste residue after corn, wheat, sorghum, sweet potato wine brewing, and the potato slag is sweet potato, cassava, Ma Ling Remaining slag object after potato fresh sweet potato block producing starch.
2. the coprinus comatus compost of prevention and treatment chicken feet bacterium according to claim 1, which is characterized in that raw material components and its weight Percentage composition is as follows:
Cotton seed hulls 55~65%, vinasse 18~26%, potato slag 0~5%, corn flour 5~7%, land plaster 1~2%, calcium superphosphate 1~2%, pulverized limestone 2~3%, the sum of weight percentage of each component is 100%.
3. the preparation method of the coprinus comatus compost of prevention and treatment chicken feet bacterium described in claim 1, steps are as follows:
(1) without mildew cotton seed hulls, being crushed to granularity is 3~5mm, and pulverized limestone is added according to the ratio for choosing, and adding water to adjust water content is 60- 70%, it is sufficiently mixed the uniform bored heap of rear cover plastic film, under the conditions of 45~65 DEG C, is fermented 10~15 days, fermentation cottonseed is made Shell;
(2) fresh grain stillage is spread out and is dried in hardened ground, make its water content 15% hereinafter, and being crushed to 2-5 millimeters of granularity;
(3) potato slag is spread out and is dried in hardened ground, make its water content 15% hereinafter, and being crushed to 2-5 millimeters of granularity;
(4) according to the proportion, it mixes thoroughly fermentation cotton seed hulls and vinasse, potato slag, corn flour, land plaster, calcium superphosphate to obtain compost;
(5) it packs and seals after Compost moisture content being adjusted to 60-70% with water, packed compost is sterilized 16- at 100 DEG C 18 hours or high pressure sterilization 3-5 hours, obtain the coprinus comatus compost of prevention and treatment chicken feet bacterium.
4. the method for carrying out cultivating drumstick mushroom using the coprinus comatus compost of prevention and treatment chicken feet bacterium described in claim 1, step is such as Under:
(1) the poly- second of diameter 50-55cm is rolled over using long 55-60cm as culture material using the coprinus comatus compost of prevention and treatment chicken feet bacterium Alkene plastics bag makes bacterium bag, every high 14-16cm of sacked material, and sowing quantity is the 10~15% of culture material quality, and bacterium is made through packing Bag;
(2) bacterium bag obtained is moved to and carries out bacterium germination in bacteria-producing room, implement when bacterium germination to be protected from light, temperature is controlled at 15~28 DEG C, wet Degree control 70% hereinafter, when bacterium germination be aerated, insect prevention, antiforeign bacteria pollution, cultivate under the above conditions, bacterium bag is completed preliminary Bacterium germination, entire bacterium bag are all covered with shaggy mane mycelium,
(3) then under the conditions of 8~26 DEG C mycelia After-mature cultivation 15~25 days, by 15~25 days mycelia After-mature cultivations, bacterium The biomass of bag increases considerably, and bacterium bag surface switchs to dark white that is greyish white or having ashen by white, and bacterium bag weight ratio is just completed Mitigate 10~15% when sowing.
CN201510771636.0A 2015-11-12 2015-11-12 A kind of coprinus comatus compost and preparation method thereof for preventing and treating chicken feet bacterium Expired - Fee Related CN105218201B (en)

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