CN106538251A - It is a kind of reduce large leaf Camellia sinensis wither bud disease fast seedling-cultivating method - Google Patents
It is a kind of reduce large leaf Camellia sinensis wither bud disease fast seedling-cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106538251A CN106538251A CN201611048514.XA CN201611048514A CN106538251A CN 106538251 A CN106538251 A CN 106538251A CN 201611048514 A CN201611048514 A CN 201611048514A CN 106538251 A CN106538251 A CN 106538251A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The present invention specifically disclose it is a kind of reduce large leaf Camellia sinensis wither bud disease fast seedling-cultivating method, specifically include following steps:1) cultivation of rootstock seedling;2) process of stock;3) scion is processed;4) cut fringe grafting;5) seedbed is processed;6) nursery bed management;7) go out garden etc..The present invention large leaf Camellia sinensis fast seedling-cultivating method, it is possible to resolve red No. nine tea plant resistances of large leaf English it is poor and it is easy infection soil-borne disease wither bud disease the problems such as.After tea shoot survival after transplant, reduce the distinctive bud disease of withering of No. nine tea tree breeds of Ying Hong and occur, having reached reduces the management difficulty in tea shoot later stage, improves survival rate, so as to lay the first stone into the high yield in age tea place.The propagation method of the present invention has that cultivation period is short, survival rate is high, consumptive material is few and low cost and other advantages, can significantly improve economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to diseases and pests of tea tree Prevention Technique field, and in particular to a kind of reduction large leaf Camellia sinensis wither bud disease it is fast
Fast method for culturing seedlings.
Background technology
National geography mark product is obtained as Yingde City of Guangdong Province is named as " township of China black tea " and " Yingteh graded black tea "
Product are protected, and Yingteh graded black tea price constantly rose in recent years, and particularly high-quality black tea-supply falls short of demand for Ying Hong nine.English is red No. nine
Tea tree breed is that Tea Inst., Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences is bred as using individual plant selection method from Yunnans large leaf tea colony, its bud
Leaf fertility is strong, yield is high, especially fits black tea processed, and the red gorgeous, fragrance of excellent quality, soup look is quiet and beautiful as orchid, flavour are fresh dense, receives deeply wide
Big consumer is liked.But the red No. nine tea cutting Seedlings of English, production cycle are long, and Cultivate administration difficulty is larger, cutting seedling seedling root
It is undeveloped.Red No. nine resistances of large leaf English are poor, unmanageable, need red No. nine of suitable illumination, temperature, and English easily to infect
Soil-borne disease-tea wither bud disease, affect survival rate.Tea bud disease of withering is a kind of fungal disease, And Development of Tea Shoot tender stem of mainly causing harm.
Killed tender stem is gradually tapered up, is bent, and bud-leaf is stretched and educates stopping, and matter is crisp, it is easily broken, last withered black to roll over, and has a strong impact on tea shoot growth potential.
Camellia sinensis are blossomed and had seeds, and such as prevent not in time, not only affect yield and quality, but also tree body can be accelerated aging, subtract
Go into operation less the time limit.It is according to cultivation management needs, artificial to extract part tea fruit, extend the economic age of Camellia sinensis, continue so as to reach
High-quality, highly efficient and productive purpose.Young anvil grafting is used as one of technical stronger propagation method in Camellia sinensis asexual propagation.Additionally,
Lumbricuss fecal energy improves the microbial activity in soil, increases soil microorganism metabolism, and induction plant produces disease resistance, improves
Via plant immunity, so as to reach preventing and treating plant soil-borne diseases.Therefore, by the use of Camellia sinensis tea fruit as the stock of red No. nine of grafting English,
With reference to the antibacterial fertilizer of wormcast, carry out asexual propagation and be capable of achieving to turn waste into wealth, accelerate the value that stock breeding is promoted, tea can be reduced again
Wither bud disease, promotion growth of tea plant.
The content of the invention
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows for achieving the above object:
It is a kind of reduce large leaf Camellia sinensis wither bud disease fast seedling-cultivating method, comprise the following steps:
S1. the cultivation of rootstock seedling:Ripe camellia oleosa seed is selected, is cultivated after plumule as scion graft stock Seedling;
S2. the process of stock:First the rootstock seedling for cultivating is blocked apart from root 3-5 centimeters, with blade from truncated position by bud
The otch of depth 0.8-1.2 of therefrom riving cm;
S3. scion is processed:The elite stand branch for choosing robust growth makees scion;
S4. cut fringe grafting:The scion lower end of selection is whittled into into length for 0.5-1 centimetre of wedge shape before grafting, then by scion
Upper end cuts disconnected apart from bud point 0.3-0.5 centimeters, and the wedge-shaped part of scion is inserted into the incision of stock, and by scion and stock
Closely tighten, grafting is cultivated during nutritive cube is placed in moving to nutrient bag.
S5. seedbed is processed:Red soil field is selected to make nursery, smooth furrow face is flattened after striking off, then spills last layer fresh
Wormcast sets up the frame that shelters from heat or light as seedbed, then above nursery;
S6. nursery bed management:Cultivating in 2 months periodically carries out seedling management;
S7. go out garden:Grafting carried out seedling exercising one week after 60 days, you can goes out garden, is colonized in land for growing field crops.
Further, the cultivation of the rootstock seedling specifically includes following steps:
S11. peeled after dry in the shade ripe camellia oleosa seed one week, cryopreservation;
S12. camellia oleosa seed is poured in container, is soaked 24 hours with clear water;
S13. the camellia oleosa seed of dipped clear water is contained in emery disc, carries out heating accelerating germination use in climatic chamber;
S14. fine sand thickness is 10-15cm, and adds wormcast lixiviating solution, cultivates plumule with wet sand bed area method and makees rootstock seedling.
Further, the camellia oleosa seed that the camellia oleosa seed is discarded from tea place, recycles as graft stock material.
Further, the stock variety is Taiwan gold tawny daylily;The scion variety is that English is red No. nine.
Further, the scion is the tender tip of 20 days or so after excision apical dominance, needs sprout full, and tender tip does not have
Have and reach semi-lignified.
Further, the nutritive cube culture matrix is(Weight ratio)Pure red soil:Sand is 2:1, and add 15% it is new
Fresh earthworm excrement, 10% peat soil and 5% peanut residue are prepared by fully mixing.150 grams of pure red soil, 100 grams of sand, fresh earthworm excrement 37.5
Gram, 25 grams of peat soil, 12.5 grams of peanut residue.
Further, seedbed 200cm of the shade away from grafting, turns light agricultural film four using high-performance careful
Envelope, in canopy, humidity is maintained at 80%, and shade density is 70%.
Further, the nursery bed management comprises the steps:
S61., after cultivating 15 days, raising high-performance and turning light agricultural film carries out uprooting weed, the lateral bud extractd on stock, and water drenching simultaneously sprays
Then covered rearing with plastic film is sealed by wormcast lixiviating solution again;
S62., after cultivating 30 days, raising thin film again carries out uprooting weed, the lateral bud extractd on stock, and raising light conversion film two ends is carried out
It is ventilative, light conversion film is all raised after ventilative one week, later fertilising every 7 days once;Fertilizer used by the fertilising is Lumbricuss
Excrement lixiviating solution.
Further, Lumbricuss kind used by the fresh wormcast lixiviating solution is Eisenia foetida, is made using fresh cattle manure
For Feed Manufacturing earthworm excrement, by wormcast:Water=1:9(W/W)Extraction, extracts 36 hours under room temperature.
The present invention is had the following advantages relative to prior art and effect:
(1)The present invention reduction large leaf Camellia sinensis wither bud disease fast seedling-cultivating method, from tea place discard camellia oleosa seed recycle make
For graft stock material.Managing small seeding difficulty is reduced, a large amount of manpowers are saved, labor intensity is reduced.
(2)The present invention reduction large leaf Camellia sinensis wither bud disease seedling-breeding method can promote growth of seedling, be used especially for English
The fast seedling growing of red No. nine Camellia sinensis.Using the planting percent of red No. nine fast seedling growings of English after the inventive method up to 95%~100%, seedling
Move, plant into survival rate height;Reduce the distinctive bud disease of withering of the kind to occur, improve survival rate, and reduces cost.To solving English
The low production problem of plantation survival rate that red No. nine bud diseases of withering cause has direct meaning.
(3)The large leaf Camellia sinensis fast seedling-cultivating method technological operation of the present invention is simple, and hand labor intensity is little, with big rule
The prospect of mould popularization and application.
(4)The large leaf Camellia sinensis fast seedling-cultivating method versatility of the present invention is good, in addition to the fast seedling growing of large leaf Camellia sinensis,
The fast seedling growing of other commodity trees can be also applied to.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention not limited to this.
In the embodiment of the present invention, culture matrix is(Weight ratio)Pure red soil:Sand is 2:1, and add 15% fresh earthworm
Excrement, 10% peat soil and 5% peanut residue are prepared by fully mixing.Fresh wormcast lixiviating solution, Lumbricuss kind are Eisenia foetida, are adopted
Fresh cattle manure as Feed Manufacturing earthworm excrement, by wormcast:Water=1:9(W/W)Extraction, extracts 36 hours under room temperature.Test
Place be located at Tea Inst., Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Germany and Britain base in, 40 m of trial zone height above sea level, year drop amount 1138mm, year
Equal rainfall natural law 158 days.
Embodiment 1
It is a kind of reduce large leaf Camellia sinensis wither bud disease fast seedling-cultivating method, which comprises the following steps:
S1. the cultivation of rootstock seedling:In annual November, the camellia oleosa seed of discarded maturation is reclaimed, after drying in the shade one week, carry out the low temperature guarantor that peels
Deposit;Then camellia oleosa seed is poured in container, after being soaked 24 hours with clear water, the camellia oleosa seed of dipped clear water is contained in emery disc, in constant temperature
Carry out heating accelerating germination use in constant humidity cabinet;Golden tawny daylily kind seed plumule with endosperm is cultivated with wet sand bed area method and makees rootstock seedling, its
Medium-fine sand thickness is 10-15cm, and adds wormcast lixiviating solution, and described stock sand bed temperature is 25 degree, and humidity is 80%;
S2. the process of stock:First the rootstock seedling for cultivating is blocked apart from root 3-5 centimeters, with blade from truncated position by bud
The otch of depth 0.8-1.2 of therefrom riving cm;
S3. scion is processed:The elite stand branch for choosing robust growth makees scion, and the scion is 20 days or so after excision apical dominance
Tender tip, need sprout full, and tender tip be not reaching to semi-lignified.
S4. cut fringe grafting:It is 0.5-1 centimetre of wedge shape that the scion lower end of selection is whittled into length before grafting, then will be connect
The upper end of fringe cuts disconnected apart from bud point 0.3-0.5 centimeters, and the wedge-shaped part of scion is inserted into the incision of stock, and by scion and
Stock is closely tightened, and grafting is cultivated during nutritive cube is placed in moving to nutrient bag.
S5. seedbed is processed:Red soil field is selected to make nursery, smooth furrow face is flattened after striking off, then spills last layer fresh
Wormcast sets up the frame that shelters from heat or light as seedbed, then above nursery;Seedbed 200cm of the shade away from grafting, using height
Performance turns the sealing of light agricultural film surrounding, and in canopy, humidity is maintained at 80%, and shade density is 70%.
S6. nursery bed management:Cultivating in 2 months periodically carries out seedling management;After cultivating 15 days, raising high-performance, to turn light agricultural
Thin film carries out uprooting weed, the lateral bud extractd on stock, and water drenching simultaneously sprays wormcast lixiviating solution, then again that covered rearing with plastic film is close
Envelope;Cultivate 30 days after, raise again thin film carry out uprooting weed, extract stock on lateral bud, raise light conversion film two ends carry out it is ventilative,
Light conversion film is all raised after ventilative one week, later fertilising every 7 days once;Fertilizer used by the fertilising is extracted for wormcast
Liquid.
S7. go out garden:Grafting carried out seedling exercising one week after 60 days, you can goes out garden, is colonized in land for growing field crops.
Comparative example 1
A kind of large leaf Camellia sinensis that reduce are withered the fast seedling-cultivating method of bud disease, and implementation step is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference exists
In:S1 makees stock using the red No. nine kinds seed plumule of English.
Go out sickness rate, survival rate and plant height that garden is colonized in land for growing field crops, August point or so statistics tea shoot after cultivating 2 months.
Comparative example 2
A kind of large leaf Camellia sinensis that reduce are withered the fast seedling-cultivating method of bud disease, and implementation step is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference exists
In:Step S1 makees stock using Bai Yedan clump kind seed plumules.
Go out sickness rate, survival rate and plant height that garden is colonized in land for growing field crops, August part or so statistics tea shoot after cultivating 2 months.
Comparative example 3
A kind of large leaf Camellia sinensis that reduce are withered the fast seedling-cultivating method of bud disease, and implementation step is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference exists
In:Step S1 makees stock using camellia oleifera cultivar seed plumule.
Go out sickness rate, survival rate and plant height that garden is colonized in land for growing field crops, August part or so statistics tea shoot after cultivating 2 months.
Comparative example 4
A kind of large leaf Camellia sinensis that reduce are withered the fast seedling-cultivating method of bud disease, and implementation step is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference exists
In:The scion that step S3 is adopted is semi-lignified.
Go out sickness rate, survival rate and plant height that garden is colonized in land for growing field crops, August part or so statistics tea shoot after cultivating 2 months.
Comparative example 5
A kind of large leaf Camellia sinensis that reduce are withered the fast seedling-cultivating method of bud disease, and implementation step is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference exists
In:The culture matrix that step S4 is adopted does not add 15% fresh earthworm excrement, 10% peat soil and 5% peanut residue.
Go out sickness rate, survival rate and plant height that garden is colonized in land for growing field crops, August part or so statistics tea shoot after cultivating 2 months.
Comparative example 6
A kind of large leaf Camellia sinensis that reduce are withered the fast seedling-cultivating method of bud disease, and implementation step is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference exists
In:Described in step S4, culture matrix is(Weight ratio)Pure red soil:Sand is 2:1, and add 15% chicken manure, 10% peat soil and
5% peanut residue.
Go out sickness rate, survival rate and plant height that garden is colonized in land for growing field crops, August part or so statistics tea shoot after cultivating 2 months.
Comparative example 7
A kind of large leaf Camellia sinensis that reduce are withered the fast seedling-cultivating method of bud disease, and implementation step is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference exists
In:Described in step S4, culture matrix is(Weight ratio)Pure red soil:Sand is 2:1, and add 15% cattle manure, 10% peat soil and
5% peanut residue.
Go out sickness rate, survival rate and plant height that garden is colonized in land for growing field crops, August part or so statistics tea shoot after cultivating 2 months.
Comparative example 8
A kind of large leaf Camellia sinensis that reduce are withered the fast seedling-cultivating method of bud disease, and implementation step is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference exists
In:Described in step S4, culture matrix is(Weight ratio)Pure red soil:Sand is 2:1, and add 15% fresh earthworm excrement.
Go out sickness rate, survival rate and plant height that garden is colonized in land for growing field crops, August part or so statistics tea shoot after cultivating 2 months.
Comparative example 9
A kind of large leaf Camellia sinensis that reduce are withered the fast seedling-cultivating method of bud disease, and implementation step is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference exists
In:During the nursery bed management of step S6, a spray clear water.
Go out sickness rate, survival rate and plant height that garden is colonized in land for growing field crops, August part or so statistics tea shoot after cultivating 2 months.
Comparative example 10
A kind of large leaf Camellia sinensis that reduce are withered the fast seedling-cultivating method of bud disease, and implementation step is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference exists
In:During the nursery bed management of step S6, water drenching simultaneously sprays 0.02% carbamide.
Go out sickness rate, survival rate and plant height that garden is colonized in land for growing field crops, August part or so statistics tea shoot after cultivating 2 months.
Sickness rate, survival rate and plant height statistical result such as 1 institute of table of the bud disease of withering of embodiment 1 and comparative example 1-10
Show:
1 different disposal method of table wither bud disease Harm
Knowable to 1 interpretation of result of table, the sick sickness rate reduction effect of bud is withered to tea more substantially using prevention and controls of the present invention, and
The survival rate of red No. nine tea shoots of English can be improved, so as to promote the growth potential of Camellia sinensis;There is significant progress compared with comparative example
Property.It follows that the prevention and controls of the present invention are by stock management, grafting management nursery bed management etc., it is possible to resolve large leaf English is red
No. nine resistances it is poor and it is easy infection soil-borne disease wither bud disease the problems such as.Reduce the distinctive bud disease of withering of No. nine kinds of Ying Hong to send out
It is raw, the management difficulty in tea shoot later stage is reduced, survival rate is improved, so as to lay the first stone into the high yield in age tea place.Therefore this skill
Art has that cultivation period is short, survival rate is high, consumptive material is few and low cost and other advantages, can significantly improve economic benefit.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention preferably embodiment, but embodiments of the present invention not by above-described embodiment
Limit, other any spirit without departing from the present invention and the change, modification, replacement made under principle, combine, simplification,
Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. it is a kind of reduce large leaf Camellia sinensis wither bud disease fast seedling-cultivating method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
S1. the cultivation of rootstock seedling:Ripe camellia oleosa seed is selected, is cultivated after plumule as scion graft stock Seedling;
S2. the process of stock:First the rootstock seedling for cultivating is blocked apart from root 3-5 centimeters, with blade from truncated position by bud
The otch of depth 0.8-1.2 of therefrom riving cm;
S3. scion is processed:The elite stand branch for choosing robust growth makees scion;
S4. cut fringe grafting:The scion lower end of selection is whittled into into length for 0.5-1 centimetre of wedge shape before grafting, then by scion
Upper end cuts disconnected apart from bud point 0.3-0.5 centimeters, and the wedge-shaped part of scion is inserted into the incision of stock, and by scion and stock
Closely tighten, grafting is cultivated during nutritive cube is placed in moving to nutrient bag;
S5. seedbed is processed:Red soil field is selected to make nursery, smooth furrow face is flattened after striking off, then spills the fresh Lumbricuss of last layer
Excrement sets up the frame that shelters from heat or light as seedbed, then above nursery;
S6. nursery bed management:Cultivating in 2 months periodically carries out seedling management;
S7. go out garden:Grafting carried out seedling exercising one week after 60 days, you can goes out garden, is colonized in land for growing field crops.
2. according to claim 1 reduce large leaf Camellia sinensis wither bud disease fast seedling-cultivating method, it is characterised in that the stock
The cultivation of Seedling specifically includes following steps:
S11. peeled after dry in the shade ripe camellia oleosa seed one week, cryopreservation;
S12. camellia oleosa seed is poured in container, is soaked 24 hours with clear water;
S13. the camellia oleosa seed of dipped clear water is contained in emery disc, carries out heating accelerating germination use in climatic chamber;
S14. fine sand thickness is 10-15cm, and adds wormcast lixiviating solution, cultivates plumule with wet sand bed area method and makees rootstock seedling.
3. according to claim 2 reduce large leaf Camellia sinensis wither bud disease fast seedling-cultivating method, it is characterised in that the camellia oleosa seed
From the camellia oleosa seed that tea place is discarded, recycle as graft stock material.
4. according to claim 2 reduce large leaf Camellia sinensis wither bud disease fast seedling-cultivating method, it is characterised in that the wet sand
Sand bed temperature is 25 DEG C, and humidity is 80%.
5. according to claim 2 reduce large leaf Camellia sinensis wither bud disease fast seedling-cultivating method, it is characterised in that the stock
Kind is Taiwan gold tawny daylily;The scion variety is that English is red No. nine.
6. according to claim 1 reduce large leaf Camellia sinensis wither bud disease fast seedling-cultivating method, it is characterised in that the scion
To extract the tender tip of 20 days or so after apical dominance, need sprout full, and tender tip is not reaching to semi-lignified.
7. according to claim 1 reduce large leaf Camellia sinensis wither bud disease fast seedling-cultivating method, it is characterised in that the nutrition
Alms bowl culture matrix is(Weight ratio)Pure red soil:Sand is 2:1, and add 15% fresh earthworm excrement, 10% peat soil and 5% flower
Raw bran is prepared by fully mixing;150 grams of pure red soil, 100 grams of sand, 37.5 grams of fresh earthworm excrement, 25 grams of peat soil, peanut residue 12.5
Gram.
8. according to claim 1 reduce large leaf Camellia sinensis wither bud disease fast seedling-cultivating method, it is characterised in that it is described to shelter from heat or light
Seedbed 200cm of the canopy away from grafting, turns the sealing of light agricultural film surrounding using high-performance, and in canopy, humidity is maintained at 80%, shade density
For 70%.
9. according to claim 1 reduce large leaf Camellia sinensis wither bud disease fast seedling-cultivating method, it is characterised in that the nursery
Management comprises the steps:
S61., after cultivating 15 days, raising high-performance and turning light agricultural film carries out uprooting weed, the lateral bud extractd on stock, and water drenching simultaneously sprays
Then covered rearing with plastic film is sealed by wormcast lixiviating solution again;
S62., after cultivating 30 days, raising thin film again carries out uprooting weed, the lateral bud extractd on stock, and raising light conversion film two ends is carried out
It is ventilative, light conversion film is all raised after ventilative one week, later fertilising every 7 days once;Fertilizer used by the fertilising is Lumbricuss
Excrement lixiviating solution.
10. according to claim 7 reduce large leaf Camellia sinensis wither bud disease fast seedling-cultivating method, it is characterised in that it is described to apply
Fertilizer wormcast lixiviating solution adopts fresh cattle manure as Feed Manufacturing earthworm excrement, and Lumbricuss kind is Eisenia foetida, by wormcast:Water
= 1:9(W/W)Extraction, extracts 36 hours under room temperature.
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