JP2004508090A - 外科用ステープル - Google Patents

外科用ステープル Download PDF

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JP2004508090A
JP2004508090A JP2002524408A JP2002524408A JP2004508090A JP 2004508090 A JP2004508090 A JP 2004508090A JP 2002524408 A JP2002524408 A JP 2002524408A JP 2002524408 A JP2002524408 A JP 2002524408A JP 2004508090 A JP2004508090 A JP 2004508090A
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tube
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コールマン ジェイムス イー
クミンズ クリスティー
マーティン クリス
アンソニー トーマス
モリス シーン
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コールマン ジェイムス イー
クミンズ クリスティー
マーティン クリス
アンソニー トーマス
モリス シーン
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/0682Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying U-shaped staples or clamps, e.g. without a forming anvil
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/0057Implements for plugging an opening in the wall of a hollow or tubular organ, e.g. for sealing a vessel puncture or closing a cardiac septal defect
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/064Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract

外科用ステープル(40)は、ベース部分(40A)と、ベース部分の各々の端から延び、自由端(40D)で終わるそれぞれの脚部(40B)とを備え、ベース部分は、脚部の自由端を互いに寄せて液体搬送管の穿刺部位で突き刺し、穿刺部位の両縁を互いに保持するように変形させることができる。ベース部分と脚部は、共通平面に対して直交方向にループをなして変形されるベース部分の中央部分(40C)を除いて、ほぼ共通平面内に位置する。ステープルの中央部分は、ステープラの端から突出する血液ロケータ・チューブをステープルが跨ぐのを可能にし、チューブが配置される穿刺傷の中央において、ステープルを閉じさせることができる。

Description

【0001】
(発明の分野)
本発明は、例えば血管のような、人間又は動物の身体の液体搬送管における穿刺部位にわたしてステープルを付けることによって該部位を閉じ出血を防ぐために、穿刺部位を閉じる外科用ステープルに関する。本発明は又、このようなステープルを使用するステープル留めの方法に関する。
【0002】
(発明の背景)
血管造影法及び血管形成術のようなカテーテル挿入措置を行うとき、カテーテルは、一般的に、まず皮膚及びその下に位置する組織と血管を尖った中空の針で突き刺すことによって、脈管内に導入される。次いで、通常は、ガイドワイヤが中空針の内腔内に挿入され、所定の血管内に入れられる。引き続き、針は一般的に、ガイドワイヤから取り除かれ、拡張器及び/又は挿入器の組立体(又は、挿入器のみ)がガイドワイヤ上に供給され、皮膚を突き通されて血管に入る。そうすることで、ガイドワイヤを取り外すことができ、カテーテル挿入措置を実施する所望のカテーテルが、挿入器の内腔を通して供給され、カテーテルの作用端が適当に位置決めされるまで、脈管系を通して進められる。カテーテル挿入措置の終了の後、使用したカテーテルは引き抜かれ、次いで、拡張器及び/又は挿入器も又、傷から取り除かれる。この措置の後、穿刺孔からの出血を防ぐため、脈管の穿刺部位を閉じなければならない。
【0003】
一般的に、傷は、穿刺孔が自然に塞がるまで血管上に外圧を維持することによって、閉じされる。この措置には、30分程度かかり、患者が高血圧症又は抗凝固症である場合には、より多くの時間がかかるのが普通である。この措置は又、患者に不快感を与えることがあり、病院スタッフの側では、費用のかかる専門的な作業を必要とする。圧迫帯、サンドバッグ、又は鉗子のような他の圧迫技術が用いられてきたが、これらも又、患者が長時間じっとしていて、措置の有効性が確保されるのをモニターすることを必要とする。
【0004】
近年、出血を阻止するために穿刺領域を閉塞する多くの装置が開発されてきた。例えば、米国特許第4,852,568号及び同第4,890,612号は、血管の開口に配置すると、体液を吸収して膨張し、閉塞体を形成するコラーゲン・プラグを利用する装置を開示する。他のプラグ状装置、例えば、米国特許第5,222,974号及び同第5,282,827号は、アンカーが血管の内側に位置決めされ、コラーゲン・プラグが血管の外側に位置決めされて、これらの両方の間で穿刺部位を挟んで閉塞体を形成する、プラグ・アンド・アンカー装置を記載している。
【0005】
WO98/17179は、ステープリング・ヘッドに隣接して血液ロケータ・チューブを有する外科用ステープラを開示する。ガイドワイヤがロケータ・チューブの端部の開口からロケータ・チューブの中空ボアまで通され、ガイドワイヤ上を穿刺部位までステープラを供給することができる。装置が穿刺部位に到達すると、ロケータ・チューブの先端は、動脈内の血液流に入り、血液はチューブを通って、臨床医が見ることができる個所である遠位端から出る。その際、臨床医は、ステープリング・ヘッドが動脈壁の穿刺部位にあることを認識した状態で、ステープリング機構を操作することができる。
【0006】
本発明の目的は、液体搬送管における穿刺部位を閉じるための改良した外科用ステープルを提供することである。本発明の別の目的は、このようなステープラを使用する改良したステープル留めの方法を提供することである。
【0007】
(発明の概要)
本発明によれば、ベース部分と、ベース部分の各々の端から延び、自由端で終わるそれぞれの脚部とを含み、ベース部分は、脚部の自由端を互いに寄せて液体搬送管にその穿刺部位で突き刺し、穿刺部位の両縁部を互いに保持するように変形させることができ、ベース部分及び脚部は、共通平面に対して傾斜したループ状に変形されるベース部分の中央部分を除いて、ほぼ共通平面内に位置するようになった、外科用ステープルが提供される。
【0008】
別の形態では、本発明は、ステープル留め機構を液体搬送管の穿刺部位に導入する段階と、ステープル留め機構と関連し、管の穿刺部位に入ることにより穿刺部位の位置を検知する細長いロケータ装置によって、ステープル留め機構を穿刺部位に位置決めする段階と、ステープルを穿刺部位に送り出し、ステープルを変形させて穿刺部位を閉じる段階とを含み、ステープルが、ベース部分と、ベース部分の各々の端から延び、自由端で終わるそれぞれの脚部とを含み、ベース部分は、脚部の自由端を互いに寄せて液体搬送管にその穿刺部位で突き刺し、穿刺部位の両縁部を互いに保持するように変形させることができ、ベース部分及び脚部は、共通平面に対して傾斜したループ状に変形されるベース部分の中央部分を除いて、ほぼ該共通平面内に位置し、ステープルの穿刺部位への送り出しの際に、ステープルのループが、ロケータ装置を跨ぎ、ロケータ装置に沿って摺動するようになったことを特徴とする、人間又は動物の身体の液体搬送管における穿刺部位を閉じ状態にステープル留めする方法を提供する。
【0009】
(発明を実施するための最良の形態)
次に、添付図面を参照して、一例として、本発明の実施の形態を説明する。
【0010】
図面を参照すると、ステープラは、ピストル状ハンドルの形状に形作られた成形プラスチックハウジング12から延びる硬いシャフト10を備える。後述する種々の可動構成要素を受け入れるように中空であるシャフト10は、右側部分10Aと左側部分10Bをそれぞれ備え、これらの部分は、遠位自由端では、遠位先端の縁部に沿って干渉ピン及びこれに合わさるキャビティ15A、15B(図4及び図5)と共同して熱収縮性チューブ91の一部によって、近位端では、ハウジング内で捕捉される対応するキャビティ17B(図2及び図3)と締まり嵌め状態で合わさるピン17Aによって、互いに固定される。同様に、ハウジング12は、左側部分12Aと右側部分12Bをそれぞれ備える。
【0011】
シャフト10の露出長さの主要部は、一定の円形横断面を有するが、シャフト10は、その自由端のところに、「弾丸状」の形状を有する拡径の部分14を備える。この弾丸状部分14の一端は、ステープル出口スロット16に向かって次第に細くなっており、他端は、ハウジング内に延びるシャフトの残部に向かって次第に細くなっている。露出したシャフトの残部の直径に対する弾丸状部分14の最大直径の比率は、ほぼ5:4である。熱収縮スリーブ91は、弾丸状部分14の表面と面一に着座して、組織内への非外傷性の経皮的浸入を確保する。
【0012】
弾丸状の形状をこのようなものにした理由は、身体への挿入の際にシャフトが出来るだけ非外傷性のものになって、後述するように、装置をガイドワイヤ18上、及び穿刺孔に隣接する血管の表面上で経皮的に案内するときに必要とされる力及び組織の拡張の量を最小にするためである。別の構成(図示せず)では、弾丸状部分14は、所定のステープル幅に対する周長を最小にするように、主軸線をステープル出口スロット16と一致させた楕円横断面である。
【0013】
シャフト10の弾丸状部分14は、ステープル40と、ステープル送り出し機構とを収容する(図4乃至図7)。ステープル送り出し機構は、傾斜可能なアンビル24と、一対のロッド状操作部材、即ち、細長いアンビル支持体30と、細長いステープル形成体52とを備え、ステープル形成体52は、シャフト10内を摺動することができ、ハンドルハウジング12のトリガ作動式カム機構62によって作動される。
【0014】
アンビル24は、前部のところの一対の直立したフィンガ24Aと、後部のところの一対の下方に傾斜したチルトアーム24Bとを含む。アンビル24は、シャフト10の右側部分10Aの凹部28内でピボット運動可能な一対のウィング26によって、弾丸状部分14に傾斜可能に取り付けられる(ウィング26は、形成体52の突出部54の下面によって凹部内に保持される)。
【0015】
アンビル24の傾斜は、シャフトの右側部分10Aの溝32内を軸線方向に摺動可能なアンビル支持体30を介して、カム機構62によって行われる。アンビル支持体30の前端は二股に分かれて、横突出部36を有する2つのアーム34を形成する(図6および図7)。アームは、シャフトの右側部分10Aの溝38内を摺動する。アンビル支持体30は、アーム34がアンビル支持ウィング25の下に延びて、送り出される外科用ステープル40の直ぐ前でアンビル形成フィンガ24Aを支持する図6及び図7の前方位置から、アンビル24の後部のところの下方に傾斜したチルトアーム24Bの下からアーム34を引き抜き(図10に示されるように)アンビル24を反時計回りに傾け、フィンガ24Aをステープル40の経路から退出させる図10の後方位置まで、カム機構62によって移動可能である。
【0016】
更に図11、図11A、及び図11Bを参照すると、中空の血液ロケータ・チューブ92は、アンビル支持体30の溝44及びステープル形成体52の対向するU形溝53においてシャフト10内を軸線方向に摺動可能である。チューブ92は、シャフト10の全長にわたって延び、ロケータ・チューブ92が狭い開口96となるように形作られる遠位先端14、及び、血液ではなくガイドワイヤのみがロケータ・チューブの後部から退出するのを可能にするように形成されるチューブ92の後部に向かうクリンプ状部分94を除いて、一定のほぼ楕円形又は細長い横断面を有する。
【0017】
カム機構62の作用の下で、チューブ92は、その前端が後述する板ばね88の作用を受けてシャフト10の弾丸状部分14を超えて突出する図6及び図7の前方位置と、カム62の回転の際にアンビル24のフィンガ24Aの後ろにおいてチューブ92の前端が弾丸状部分14内に引っ込められる図9及び図10の後方位置との間で、シャフト10内を軸線方向に摺動可能である。
【0018】
血液ロケータ・チューブ92の目的は、予め配置されたガイドワイヤを血管内の穿刺部位まで追従させて、シャフト10の弾丸状部分14の自由端を穿刺部位における血管外壁に当てて配置することである。弾丸状部分14を適当に配置するためには、チューブ92の自由端は、穿刺部位において血管壁を実際に突き通さなければならず、これは、血液がチューブ92を通って逆流しチューブの血液流出口(図11)を通って流出することによって示される。ハウジング12内におけるシャフト10の左側部分10Bの溝(図示せず)が、血液流出口93とハウジングの左側部分12Bの血液流出口50(図1)とを連通させるので、チューブ92を通って逆流する血液は、ハウジングの外部で見ることができる。
【0019】
血液流出口アダプタ51(図1)は、嵌合用雄型ルーエル・テーパ51Aを介して血液流出口50の開口に固定され、流出する血液の視認度を高めることができる。血液流出口アダプタ51は、血液流出口50の開口に対して小さな内径を有し、一定の血液流に対する流出血液圧力を増大させ、流出する血液の噴出効果を引き起こす。
【0020】
血液流出口アダプタ51がない状態で、血液流出口の雌型ルーエル・テーパの開口を標準的な医療用シリンジの雄型ルーエル・テーパの開口に嵌め合わせ、装置の使用の際の任意の時点において血液流出口を介してロケータ・チューブの内腔内にその遠位先端の出口まで流体を噴出させるのを可能にする。これは、凝固した血液又は柔らかいティッシュが付着したロケータ・チューブの内腔を清掃するために、時々必要になる。別の手法では、放射線不透過性造影剤をロケータ・チューブから注入して、血管壁に対するロケータ・チューブの遠位先端の相対位置を透視検査により確認し、或いは、診断又は治療のために注入可能な流体を注入することができる。
【0021】
血液流出口93は、遠位先端において利用可能な血液流入面積に対応する最小面積を有するように寸法が定められるが、挿入時にガイドワイヤが、ロケータ・チューブの意図する近位端からではなく、不注意により血液流出口から出ることのないように、(横方向の側が)ガイドワイヤ18の直径より狭くなっている。
【0022】
動脈壁内に自然に形成される穿刺による傷の形状は、丸形ではなく細長いものであることが分かっている。これに対して、孔は、ほぼ丸い横断面の器具を導入することによって形成され、動脈壁は、(動脈の軸線方向に沿ってではなく)動脈の周方向に向いた、ほぼ横方向ラインに沿って開かれる傾向がある。血液ロケータ・チューブをほぼ楕円形にすることによって、(臨床医が動脈の軸線に対して直交方向に楕円の主軸線を導入するとき)ロケータ・チューブは、動脈の開口内により自然に適合することとなる。この結果、互いにステープル留めしようとする傷付いた縁部は、円形横断面のチューブを使用した場合よりも、互いに密接して位置するようになる。
【0023】
この結果、使用するステープルがそれほど大きいものである必要がなくなり、非形成状態にあるステープルを受け入れなければならないシャフトの寸法を減少させ、シャフトが導入される組織の損傷を少なくすることができる。
【0024】
ロケータ・チューブをほぼ楕円又は細長い横断面にした別の結果として、チューブが、丸いチューブの場合よりも、穿刺の一層中心に配置されることになる。本実施の形態は、ロケータ・チューブを跨ぐステープルを有し、これにより、ステープルが、細長い傷の一方又は他方の端に向かってではなく中央のところで傷を閉じる可能性を増大させる。
【0025】
チューブ92の前部における開口96は、チューブの前方先端にほぼ円形の部分96Aを有し、この部分96Aは、開口96の残りの部分96Bの幅より大きい直径を有する。部分96Bは、チューブ92の細長い横断面の主軸線と整列し、円形部分96Aから後方に傾斜したスロットの形態をなす。図11に示されるように、チューブ92に通されるガイドワイヤ18は、ガイドワイヤ18がチューブ92に容易に挿入され、開口96Aに通されるように、チューブ92の前端における開口96Aの直径より十分小さい直径を有するように選定される。しかしながら、ガイドワイヤは又、開口96の残部分96Bに嵌まり込まない程に大きくなるように選定される。このようにして、ガイドワイヤ18は、開口96A内にとどまるように拘束され、開口96Aの寸法は、装置に使用することができるガイドワイヤの直径に関する上限を設定する。開口96Aのすぐ上方の開口96に(96Cで表される個所に)狭い頸部すなわち収縮部を設けて、微小なガイドワイヤが拡大開口96A内に拘束されることを保証することができるが、一般的には、これは、ガイドワイヤが装置と互いに供給されるのが普通であり、或いは、装置が特定のゲージのガイドワイヤについての使用にのみ供給されるので、不要である。
【0026】
後部クリンプ94と先端開口96Aは、チューブの湾曲した底面、即ち、クリンプした端における開口と開口96Aとの間の直線上に位置するチューブの部分に沿ってガイドワイヤを位置させるように配置されている。これは、図11A及び図11Bに示されるように、ガイドワイヤ18が血液流出口93の内側に置かれ、血液の流出を阻止するのを助長する。
【0027】
開口96の曲線性状は、正常位置においてガイドワイヤを備えたロケータ・チューブの本体内における利用可能な面積に適合するように、利用可能な入口面積を増大させる。
【0028】
スロット状の開口96Bは、血管開口内への挿入を容易にし、ステープル留めする開口と反対側の血管内壁への損傷のおそれを減少させるため、円形の開口96Aから遠去かる方へ傾斜している。このようにした理由は、開口96Aから突出するガイドワイヤ18が血管の反対側の壁をロケータ・チューブの先端から遠去かる方へ押しがちであり、かつ、(開口96A内に拘束されるため)ガイドワイヤが突出する個所が先端の前方の最も遠い部分であるからである。したがって、先端の形状は、開口96Aから遠去かる方へ流線形となり、先端の任意の部分が血管内壁をえぐり、或いは傷つけるようになるのを防止する。また、開口96の周縁95は、柔らかい組織及び血管壁を傷つける可能性のある尖った縁部を避けるため、内側に曲げられている。
【0029】
ロケータ・チューブ42の別の構成における遠位端が、図12及び図13に示されている。この構成は又、ほぼ一定の細長い横断面を有し、この横断面は、本例では、チューブの前方先端においてほぼ円形のガイドワイヤ開口46に収束する。チューブ42に通されるガイドワイヤ18は、通常、ガイドワイヤがある場合にも血液がチューブ42を通って逆流するのに十分な隙間ができるように、開口46の直径より十分小さい直径に選定される。しかしながら、ガイドワイヤ18が開口46からのみ血液を通過させるのに十分な大きな隙間を残すことができない場合には、チューブの内部への血液の一層容易な通過を可能にするため、前部開口46のすぐ後ろのチューブ42の両側に別の開口46Aが設けられる。3つの開口46、46A、46Aは、実際には、単一の前部開口のそれぞれの部分を形成しており、実際には、狭い幅の溝47によって全てが連結され、チューブの内部と全てが連通する、3つの連結された突形状部分である。
【0030】
共同してチューブ42の前部開口を構成する3つの開口46、46A、46Aが互いに独立している別の構成が、図13(A)に示される。この場合にも、チューブの前部における開口46は、ガイドワイヤの最大寸法を受け入れるように寸法が定められており、開口46Aは、十分な血液流がロケータ・チューブに入るのを可能にするように寸法が定められる。
【0031】
血液ロケータ・チューブの中空内部を閉じてチューブを通る血液の逆流を阻止する過大なガイドワイヤが使用されるこの型式の装置では、問題が生ずることがある。この状態を阻止するため、ガイドワイヤを通して該ガイドワイヤが図12、図13、及び図13Aのチューブの先端に出るようにする突形状部分46は、チューブの内ボアより小さい直径を有する。この突形状部分46の寸法は、この装置に使用するガイドワイヤの直径に対する最大限度を設定し、この最大直径のガイドワイヤが使用されるときでさえ、チューブのボア内に依然として十分な内側隙間が存在し、他の突形状部分46Aからチューブを通る十分な血液流を許容することを保証する。
【0032】
ステープル40は、図6及び図8に示されるように、シャフト10の弾丸状部分14内で血液ロケータ・チューブ92を跨いでおり、血液ロケータ・チューブ92上を弾丸状部分14の自由端に向かって前方に摺動可能である。具体的には(図14の拡大図も参照されたい)、ステープル40は、後部即ちベース部分40Aを備え、このベース部分40Aの各々の端においてほぼ直角に、それぞれの脚部40Bが延び、この脚部40Bは尖った個所40Dで終わる。両脚部40Bは、好ましくは、小さい角度、例えば約10°〜15°で収束する。
【0033】
ベース部分40A及び脚部40Bは、血液ロケータ・チューブ92の外部横断面形状及び後述するインサート160の内部横断面にほぼ対応する構成のΩ(オメガ)形ループ40Cを有するように脚部40Bに対して直交方向に変形されたベース部分40Aの中央部分を除いて、ほぼ共通の平面内に位置する。
【0034】
Ω部分40Cの各々の側においてΩ部分40Cから等距離の個所A、Bのところで、ベース部分40Aの外端40A′は、ほぼ直線上に位置する内端40A′′に対して150°〜170°の角度を形成するように、前方に予め曲げられており、予め曲げられた個所A、Bは、閉じたステープルの閉じ体を最大にする(そして、形成体52上の形成ウィング54の深さに適合する)ように位置決めされる。ベース部分は又、両方の個所におけるガイドワイヤの横断面の幅を狭くしてこれらの個所において曲がるようにステープルを導くため、個所40Eにおいて局部的に変形(「へこま」)される。図19に示されるように、へこまされた個所40Eは、ベース部分の前部に設けてもよく(図19A)、ベース部分の後部に設けてもよく(図19B)、或いは、ベース部分の前部と後部の両方に設けてもよい(図19C)。
【0035】
個所40Dの先端は、図14Bに示されるように、内側、即ち、脚部40Bが使用時に閉じされる方向に向けられる。別の構成では、この個所の幾何学的形態は、尖った端を形成するように、2つの傾斜平面を含むことができる(図24)。この先端の幾何学的形態、ベース部分40Aに対する突出脚部40Bの角度、及び脚部40Bの長さは、閉じ用ステープルを動脈壁の厚さ内に維持するのを助け、ステープル個所40Dが動脈腔内に浸入するのを阻止し、更に動脈壁の脈管内膜層と内皮層との間でアテローム又は凝固した血小板を引っ掛け或いは押し退けるのを回避するように、構成される。
【0036】
ステープル40は、図6及び図8に示されるように、オメガ形状の狭い開放部分がチューブの幅及びチューブ92の両側において前方に向けられた脚部40Bとほぼ等しいチューブ92の上半部に、ステープルの中央部分40Cが着座するように、血液ロケータ・チューブ92に取り付けられる。ステープル40の中央部分40Cの深さは、ステープルの脚部40Bがチューブ92の中心軸線の実質的にすぐ両側に位置する大きさである。これは、ステープル40が血管の穿刺孔の中央を横切って配置されるのを保証する。ステープル40を穿刺部位で閉じるときにガイドワイヤ18がステープル40に絡まるのを回避するために、開口96Aは、図8に示されるように、ステープルの脚部40Bを含む平面の下にオフセットされる。
【0037】
金属インサート160が、弾丸状部分14内のシャフトの左側部分10Bの凹部内に受け入れられる。インサート160は、ステープル形成過程の際にステープル40のオメガ形部分40Cに対する機械的支持体となり、弾丸状部分の両半部を分離してステープルを容易に解放するように、ステープル形成過程のステープル射出段階の際に形成体52によって係合される。インサートは、ステープルのオメガ形部分40Cの外形にほぼ対応するように形成される。遠位端におけるインサートの外形は、ステープルのオメガ形部分40Cにほぼ密接するようにテーパしている(図18)。これは、へこまされた個所40Eにおいてアンビル・フィンガ24Aのまわりでベース部分が曲げられるステープル形成過程の際にステープルのオメガ形部分40Cに対して機械的支持を提供する効果を有する。この曲げ運動は、オメガ形部分を開き、即ち平らにさせる。金属インサートは、これが起こるのを阻止し、ステープルのベース部分がへこまされた個所40Eにおいてアンビルのまわりで変形するのを可能にするのみである。ステープル40とインサート160との間のオメガ・インターロック・システム(図18)は又、形成過程の際にステープル出口平面内においてステープルを垂直方向に安定させ、ステープルとインサートとの間の比較的小さな接触面積のため、一旦形成されたステープルの容易な解放を可能にする。
【0038】
ステープル形成体52は、血液ロケータ・チューブ92の横断面に適合する横断面を有し、シャフト10内において血液ロケータ・チューブ92上を軸線方向に摺動可能である。ステープル形成体52は、チューブ92上においてステープル40の後ろに配置され、カム機構62によって作動される。ステープル形成体52は、その前端部に一対の形成アーム54を有し、これらの形成アーム54は、形成体52がカム機構62によって前方に駆動されるとき、ステープル40がアンビル・フィンガ24Aに当たって駆動され、アンビル・フィンガ24Aのまわりで変形されて、ステープルの脚部が穿刺部位上で互いに閉じる(図9)ように、形作られる。ステープル55と接触する形成アームの表面は、ステープルの横断面形状と合致するように形成することができる。この合致形状は、ステープルの形成及び閉じ時におけるステープルとの高圧接触の際に、ステープルを形成アーム54の形成表面上に安定させる。ステープルの前方移動の際、ステープルの脚部は、弾丸状部分14の対向する半部の間のステープル出口スロット16によって定められる軌道に沿ってアンビル24の方へ摺動する。スロット16は、ステープル脚部40Bに対して僅かな締まり嵌めを与えて、装置の保管の際又は射出の前におけるステープル40の前方移動を阻止する。スロット16は更に、前方移動の際に、ステープルが水平平面内で回転するのを阻止する(図7及び図10)。アンビルのまわりでのステープルの形成が完了すると、カムの降下によって形成体52から形成力が取り除かれ、アンビルが下降し、形成体が再び前進してステープルを装置から射出する。この前方移動(射出段階)の際、形成体の傾斜縁部52A、52Bは、金属インサート160と係合して、シャフト・アセンブリの弾丸状部分を開放して、ステープルの解放を容易にする。
【0039】
カム機構62は、図3に示されており、図15及び図16において拡大図として示されている。カム機構62は、シャフトの左側部分10Bの凹部64内に着座する共通軸線62上に取り付けられる第1カム58及び第2カム60と、右側部分10Aの対応する凹部(図示せず)とから構成される。トリガ56は、図4に示されるように、シャフト10の各半部におけるトリガ着座凹部68内に受け入れられる一対のスタブ軸66によって、シャフトに同様に取り付けられる。
【0040】
作動ピン70が、第1及び第2カム58、60を貫通して延びる。この作動ピンは、トリガを握ると、トリガ56に設けられるカム作動面72(図3)が作動ピンを軸線62のまわりで反時計回りに移動させるように、カム作動面72によって作動される。作動ピンがカム機構62の両方のカム58、60を貫通して延びるので、カムは、両方とも、トリガの握りによって決められるのと同じ角度だけ同時に回転する。このカム機構の使用は、全ての可動構成要素の正確なタイミングと確実な機械的変位、及び、構成要素同士の正確な運動を保証する。カム・ピボット62及びカム作動ピン70に対するトリガ・ピボットピン66及びカム作動面72の幾何学的形状は、カムが完全に90°回転する際、トリガの回転を僅か23°に抑えるように構成される。この構成は又、トリガがカム作動ピン70をほぼ1:4で送り出すという機械的な利点を提供する。この幾何学的形状は更に、トリガ力を最小にする利点を有し、サイクル全体にわたって一定のトリガ力を保証して、最高の形成力を必要とするステープル形成サイクルにおける段階において最良の機械的な利点を与えるように構成される。トリガ56は更に、図3に示されるラチェット・レバー73Bを備え、ラチェット・レバー73Bは、右側部分12Aに取り付けられるラチェット片73Aに係合する。この戻り止めラチェット・システムは、ステープルの射出サイクルが中断されず繰り返されないことを保証し、装置が使用されたことの確実な表示を与える。
【0041】
再び図3を参照すると、板ばね88が、シャフトの左側部分10Aの凹部及び右側部分10Bの対応する凹部(図示せず)に配置される。板ばねの自由端は、該板ばねが着座する湾曲した隅凹部内で自由に回動し、組み立てを助けるように、ループに形成される。この板ばねの頂点は、血液ロケータ・チューブ92のクリンプ状部分94のスロット74内に位置決めされて、血液ロケータ・チューブのためのカム従動子の役割を担う。この血液ロケータ・チューブのカム従動子74は、第1カム58に作用する。同様に、第1カム58は、形成体カム従動子76に作用し、第2カム60は、アンビル支持体カム従動子78A、78Bに作用する。第1カム58及び第2カム60の形状は、図16において外観図で示されている(第2カム60は、第1カムによって隠れているので、破線で外形が示されている)。図16は又、作動ピン70と、カム作動ピン70の直径方向の反対側に第1カムと第2カムとの間に取り付けられた補強用ストラット80を示す。
【0042】
カムは、図15及び図16には始動位置で示されている。トリガを完全に(23°の角度にわたって)握ると、カムは、反時計回りに90°回転する。
【0043】
血液ロケータ・チューブのためのカム従動子に係合して作動する板ばね88の頂点(板ばね頂点)は、第1カム58の後面82に接して作用する。第1カムが図15に示される位置から反時計回りに回転すると、血液ロケータ・チューブのカム従動子74と軸線62との間の距離は増大する。これにより、トリガを握ると、血液ロケータ・チューブは後方に引かれる。
【0044】
形成体のカム従動子76は、第1カム58の前面84に接して作用する。この場合にも、形成体のカム従動子76と軸線62との間の距離は、トリガを握る最初の段階にわたって増大する。前面84の外形は、機械的低効率/高変形から機械的高効率/低変形に至る2つの異なる非線形効率を持つように設計される。始動位置からアンビルに当たる最初の形成までにステープルが変形される第1上昇速度は、最小荷重でステープルの最大変形を必要とする。第2の非線形上昇速度は、閉じたステープルを形成するのに必要とされる荷重形態とカムの機械的効率を相関させ、所要のトリガ作用力を最小にし、サイクル全体にわたって一定のトリガ作用力を確保するように設計される。前面84のV形部分84Aは、ステープルが完全に形成されたとき、形成体52がその前方運動を直ちに中止するのを可能にする。この結果、アンビルに接する形成されたステープルから圧力を直ちに解放し、アンビルを降下させる。形成体の遠位先端の幾何学的形状は、アンビルが降下すると、形成アーム54が形成されたステープルを更に押しつぶして形成されたステープルを更に閉じるのを可能にするのに十分な固有のばね張力を与えるように設計される。カムが回転し続けると、カムの***部分84Bは、形成体が再び前方に進んで、ステープルを装置から解放して射出するのを可能にする。
【0045】
第1カムの後面82の外形における***部分82Aが、V形部分84Aとほぼ直径方向の反対側に配置されていることが分かる。この理由は、ステープルが完全に形成され解放される直前に、血液ロケータ・チューブを穿刺部位から引き出す速度を増大させることである。その意図するところは、チューブを穿刺孔から出来るだけ遅く退出させて出来るだけ長い間血管壁に対する支持を提供し、また、装置のヘッドが穿刺孔上に心出し状態のまま留まることを確保することである。血液ロケータ・チューブ92は、血液ロケータ・チューブの板ばね88によって前方に付勢され、板ばねの頂点と第1カム58の後面82との間の圧力を維持する。
【0046】
血液ロケータ・チューブの板ばね88は、装置の挿入時にロケータ・チューブが重大な抵抗を受ける場合に、ロケータ・チューブが、板ばねの張力に抗して(装置のシャフト内に戻る)近位方向に変位するのを可能にし、柔らかい組織、血管壁、又はその後壁への無用の外傷を防止する。
【0047】
これが特に有用である例は、ステープラを脈管内で遠くに進めすぎて、チューブ92の先端が内壁に達する場合である。その際には、血液ロケータ・チューブはシャフト内で後方に変位させられることになり、ハンドルハウジングの端から突出して装置が壁に当るまで挿入されたことの視覚表示を与えるように、血液ロケータ・チューブを設計することができる。さらに、装置は、チューブが後方に変位させられたとき、チューブ29の血液流出口93が、ハンドルハウジングの血液流出口50との整合状態から外れ、チューブが血管内壁に達したときに、臨床医が、この方法で、血液流が止まるのを認識できるように設計することができる。
【0048】
しかしながら、カム機構62は、ロケータ・チューブが前方位置にあり、ステープル形成に干渉するおそれがある場合には、ロケータ・チューブを適当なタイミングで引き抜くための確実な機械的変位を与え、ステープルが形成される可能性が確実になくなるようにする。
【0049】
血液ロケータ・チューブを出来るだけ遅くまで穿刺孔内に置いておく別の理由は、チューブを連続的に引っ込めると、穿刺傷の両縁が裏返しにされ或いは外方にめくり返され、ステープルの脚部が動脈壁内に浸入するのが助長されるためである。穿刺孔の縁が裏返しにされると、血管内における血栓の形成の阻止が助長される。血液ロケータ・チューブを出来るだけ遅くまで穿刺孔内に置いておく更に別の理由は、ステープル送り出し行程の際にステープラ・ヘッドが穿刺孔上で心合わせ状態に留まることを保証するためである。ロケータ・チューブが完全に引っ込められると、ガイドワイヤのみが傷内に残るが、これは、ステープラを穿刺部位から完全に取り除いた後に、閉じた傷から容易に引っ込められる。
【0050】
アンビル支持体のカム従動子78Bは、第2カム60の後面90に対して作用する。この後面90が、水平線より下の約60°から90°までの部分90Aに、軸線に対する距離の最大の増加を提供することが分かる。その理由は、ステープルが形成され、形成体に加えられる圧力が僅かに緩められてアンビルを降下させるまで、アンビルが適所に維持されることである。アンビルは、カム60のカム面98と接触しているアンビル支持体カム従動子78Aによって、回転のうち最初の60°に対して適所に維持され、アンビル支持体30が、その始動位置から移動するのを阻止する。カムの回転のうち最初の60°に対するカム面98は、カム軸62から(休止状態で)一定距離のところにある。
【0051】
使用に際して、ステープラは、最初は、図6乃至図8に示される「射出前」形態にある。血液ロケータ・チューブ92の自由端は、シャフト10の弾丸状部分14の自由端を超えて突出する完全前方位置にあり、アンビル支持体30は、そのアーム36がアンビル支持ウィング25の下に延びてアンビル・フィンガ24Aがステープルのすぐ前にあることを確保する完全前方位置にあり、形成体52は、アンビル・フィンガ24Aから離れた完全引っ込み位置にあり、ステープル40は、形成アーム54に接する完全戻り位置にある。
【0052】
この構成では、予め位置決めされたガイドワイヤ18の外端は、血液ロケータ・チューブ92の前端の開口96Aに挿入され、ハウジング12の後部のガイドワイヤ出口ポートを出るまで、チューブ92を通して送られる。次いで、ステープラは、チューブ92の先端95が血管の穿刺孔を通して血管腔に入るまで、ガイドワイヤ18に沿って送られる。これは、血液流出口50から、或いは、アダプタ51が設けられている場合には該アダプタ51から流出する血液によって、示される。この時点において、シャフト10の弾丸状部分14の前端は、血管の外壁に接した状態にある。
【0053】
さて、トリガ56を握ると、カム機構62のカムが90°だけ回転される。上述のように、血液ロケータ・チューブ92、アンビル支持体30及び形成体52の各々の後端は、カム従動子を介してカム機構に結合され、カムが90°だけ回転すると、これらの構成要素の追従する調整運動が行われる。
【0054】
(A)
0° : ステープラが射出前形態にある。
32°: 形成体52は、ステープルをアンビル・フィンガ24Aに当ててクランプするのに十分なだけ前進し、血液ロケータ・チューブが引っ込み始める。この時点で、ステープルの脚部が血管壁を穿刺するが、ステープルは未だ完全に変形していない。
50°: 形成体52は、ステープルの脚部をアンビル・フィンガ24Aのまわりで変形させるのに十分なだけ前進し、ステープルを穿刺部位上で閉じる。血液ロケータ・チューブ42は、完全に引っ込められる。32°と50°との間の幾つかの個所において、血液ロケータ・チューブは、いずれはステープルの脚部の間から引き抜かれ、ステープルの脚部を閉じさせる。この状態は、出来るだけ長い間、血管壁に対する支持を提供するため、出来るだけ遅くまで保持すべきである。
65°: (カム形状が低くなるため)ステープルからクランプ力が解放される。アンビル支持体30が引っ込み始める。
75°: アンビル支持体30は、アンビルの傾斜したチルトアーム24Bに対して作用するのに十分なだけ引っ込められる。アンビル・フィンガ24Aは、降下し始める。
83°: アンビル支持体30は、完全に引っ込められる。アンビル・フィンガ24Aは降下して、ステープルの解放を可能にする。形成体アーム54の固有の張力は、ステープルを更に閉じさせる。形成体52が、再び前方に移動し始めて、ステープルを射出する。形成体52が、インサート160と干渉して、シャフトの弾丸状部分14を広げ始め、ステープルの解放を許容する。
90°: 形成体52は完全に前方位置にあり、ステープルが装置から射出される。
【0055】
カム機構62におけるカムの使用は、イベントの間における連続的及び相対的なタイミングの精度を確保し、並びに、全ての構成要素の確実な機械的変形を確保する。
【0056】
所望ならば、図17に示されるように、血管壁208に近づいているシャフト10の弾丸状部分14は、多数の吸引口200を有することができる。これらの吸引口は、シャフト部分の毛管204を介して、吸引アダプタ202と連通する。標準的な血管壁吸引口又は独立した吸引ポンプからの吸引が、オン/オフ・タップ206を介して吸引アダプタ202に加えられる。血液流出口から流出する血液によって表されるように、装置が動脈壁上に位置するとき、タップ206を「オン」位置に回転させて、弾丸状部分14上の吸引口200に吸引を加える。これは、ステープルの送り出し時に血管壁208を安定させるように、血管壁208を弾丸状部分14の面に当てて吸引する。ステープルが送り出しされると、吸引を消勢して、血管壁及び組織管から装置を取り外す。
【0057】
ステープル40の別の実施の形態が、図20(A)及び図20(B)に示される。この場合には、ベース部分40Aの中央部分40Cは、ベース部分40Aに対して70°から85°までの間の内角を形成する脚部40Bの共通平面に対して直交する、ほぼ「U」形のループに変形される。
【0058】
ステープルの別の実施の形態が、図21(A)及び図21(B)に示される。オメガ形部分40Cは、図14に示されるものと同一である。しかしながら、この場合には、ベース部分の外端40A′は、個所A及びBのところで、内端40A′′に対して130°から150°の間の角度をなすように、後方に予め曲げられる。脚部40Bは、ベース部分の外端40A′から前方に延び、互いにほぼ平行であり、ベース部分のオメガ形部分40C及び内端40A′′を含む平面に対して直交している。この構成の利点は、ステープルがシャフトの頂部と底部との間に形成される軌道内をアンビルに向かって前方に進められるとき、後方に傾斜したベース部分がステープルに安定性を提供することである。これは、シャフトの自由端を超えて進むとき、脚部が上下に傾くのを阻止する。さらに、図21Bに示されるように、ステープルが形成されると、脚部40Bは、オメガ形部分に向かって後方に、血管内腔から遠去かる方へ傾斜する。
【0059】
ステープルの別の実施の形態が、図22(A)及び図22(B)に示される。オメガ形部分40Cは、図14に示されるものと同一である。しかしながら、この場合には、ベース部分の内端40A′′は、オメガ形部分40Cの平面から30°から50°までの角度で後方に傾斜する。ベース部分は、図14に示されるように、ベース部分の内端40A′′と外端40A′との間の個所AとBにおいて同じ初期曲げ部を有する。脚部40Bは、ベース部分の外端40A′から前方に延び、互いにほぼ平行であり、オメガ形部分40Cを含む平面に対して直交している。この構成は、ステープルが射出時に前方に進められるときに安定させる利点を提供し、初期曲げ部からの閉じ量を最大にし、閉じたステープルにおいては、脚部40Bは、オメガ形部分に向かって後方に、血管壁の内腔から遠去かる方へ傾斜する。
【0060】
ステープルの別の実施の形態が、図23(A)及び図23(B)に示される。この場合には、ベース部分の外端40A′とそれぞれの脚部40Bとが結合されて、1つの連続した湾曲部分を形成する。この湾曲部分は、アンビルのまわりでワイヤが曲げられる個所で始まり、尖った自由端で終わる。この湾曲したベース部分/脚部の利点は、ステープルがアンビルに向かって前方に進められるとき、尖った端がオメガ形部分に対して直交する平面内を進むので、ステープルに安定性を提供することである。また、ベース部分/脚部の湾曲性状のため、尖った端は、血管壁を通って内腔内を進むのではなく、常時、血管壁の穿刺孔内を穿刺孔を横切って進みがちであり、最終的には、脚部を形成した後、尖った端は、内腔から遠去かる方にオメガ形部分の方へ面する。
【0061】
ここに示される実施の形態は、必要でない場合もあるが、共通平面に対してほぼ直交するループを有する。ループは、装着時に例えば動脈壁に密接して位置するのを可能にするので、共通平面から少なくとも75°の角度をなすのが好ましい。この理由のため、ほぼ直交するループが好ましいが、設計上の理由のため、ステープルを適当に配置することができ、かつ、装着時にループが不要な外傷を引き起こさない場合には、任意の他の角度で配置されるループを使用することもできる。
【0062】
明らかなことに、へこまされ予め曲げられた個所のような特徴は、上述の実施の形態のいずれにも適用することができる。図面には丸い断面のワイヤで製造されたステープルが示されているが、本発明は、これに限定されるものではない。矩形、正方形、三角形等の他の形状を使用することもできる。
【0063】
さらに、ステープルは、ループに対して対称である必要はなく、即ち、ベース部分及び/又は脚部は、左側部分と右側部分とで異なるものにすることができる。これは、ステープルが組織壁に対して或る角度で付けられ、したがって、最適の閉じ状態を得るために、各脚部が、異なる距離を移動し或いは異なる形状に変形されることを必要とする場合に、特に望ましい。
【0064】
本発明は、ここに記載された実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の範囲から逸脱することなしに、修正し又は変形することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】
本発明によるステープルを有する外科用ステープラの斜視図である。
【図1A】
図1のステープラのシャフトの自由端の拡大斜視図である。
【図2】
図1のステープラの左側部分のハンドルを取り外した斜視図である。
【図3】
図1のステープラの右側部分のハンドルとシャフトを取り外した斜視図である。
【図4】
左側部分のハンドルを更に省略した、図3に示される構成要素の分解斜視図である。
【図5】
シャフトの自由端における内部構成要素の分解斜視図である。
【図6】
シャフトの左側部分を省略した、射出前位置におけるシャフトの自由端の内部構成要素の斜視図である。
【図7】
射出前位置における図6の構成要素の側面図である。
【図8】
射出前位置における図6の構成要素の正面図である。
【図9】
完全に形成されたステープルを備えた中間サイクルにおける構成要素の位置を示す、自由端の内部構成要素の斜視図である。
【図10】
射出終了位置における図9の構成要素の側面図である。
【図11】
血液ロケータ・チューブの斜視図である。
【図11A】
図11における前部分の拡大図である。
【図11B】
図11における後部分の拡大図である。
【図12】
ステープラの血液ロケータ・チューブの別の構成の前部分の側面図である。
【図13】
図12に示される血液ロケータ・チューブの前部分の斜視図である。
【図13A】
図12に示される血液ロケータ・チューブの別の構成の前部分の斜視図である。
【図14A】
射出前(予備変形)状態における外科用ステープルの斜視図である。
【図14B】
射出完了(変形)状態における外科用ステープルの斜視図である。
【図15】
カム機構の拡大斜視図である。
【図16】
カム機構の側面図である。
【図17】
装置のシャフト部分と吸引口の側面図である。
【図18】
外科用ステープル、ロケータ・チューブ、及びインサートの端面図である。
【図19A】
へこまされた個所に対する別の配置を示す、図14のステープルの斜視図である。
【図19B】
へこまされた個所に対する別の配置を示す、図14のステープルの斜視図である。
【図19C】
へこまされた個所に対する別の配置を示す、図14のステープルの斜視図である。
【図20A】
本発明による第2の実施の形態に係るステープルの射出前状態を示した図である。
【図20B】
本発明による第2の実施の形態に係るステープルの射出完了状態を示した図である。
【図21A】
本発明による第3の実施の形態に係るステープルの射出前状態を示した図である。
【図21B】
本発明による第3の実施の形態に係るステープルの射出完了状態を示した図である。
【図22A】
本発明による第4の実施の形態に係るステープルの射出前状態を示した図である。
【図22B】
本発明による第4の実施の形態に係るステープルの射出完了状態を示した図である。
【図23A】
本発明による第5の実施の形態に係るステープルの射出前状態を示した図である。
【図23B】
本発明による第5の実施の形態に係るステープルの射出完了状態を示した図である。
【図24】
本発明による第6の実施の形態に係るステープルの射出前状態を示した図である。

Claims (14)

  1. ベース部分と、前記ベース部分の各々の端から延び、自由端で終わるそれぞれの脚部とを含み、前記ベース部分は、前記脚部の前記自由端を互いに寄せて液体搬送管にその穿刺部位で突き刺し、前記穿刺部位の両縁部を互いに保持するように変形させることができ、前記ベース部分及び前記脚部は、共通平面に対して傾斜したループ状に変形される前記ベース部分の中央部分を除いて、ほぼ前記共通平面内に位置する、外科用ステープル。
  2. 前記ループがほぼU形であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の外科用ステープル。
  3. 前記ループがほぼオメガ形であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の外科用ステープル。
  4. 前記各々の脚部が、前記ベース部分のそれぞれの端から或る角度で延び、前記脚部が、少なくともほぼ同じ方向に向いたことを特徴とする請求項1から3までのいずれか1項に記載の外科用ステープル。
  5. 前記脚部がほぼ平行であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の外科用ステープル。
  6. 前記脚部が微小角度で収束することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の外科用ステープル。
  7. 前記ベース部分の外端が、前記ループの各々の側において、前記ベース部分の内端に対して微小角度だけ予め曲げられることを特徴とする請求項4から6までのいずれか1項に記載の外科用ステープル。
  8. 前記外端が、前記脚部が向く方向と反対方向に曲げられることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の外科用ステープル。
  9. 前記外端が、前記脚部が向く方向と同じ方向に曲げられることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の外科用ステープル。
  10. 前記ループが、前記共通平面に対して少なくとも75°の角度の平面内に位置することを特徴とする請求項1から9までのいずれか1項に記載の外科用ステープル。
  11. 前記ループが、前記共通平面に対してほぼ直交する平面内に位置することを特徴とする請求項1から10までのいずれか1項に記載の外科用ステープル。
  12. 前記脚部が、前記ベース部分の前記外端と互いに連続した曲線を形成することを特徴とする請求項1から11までのいずれか1項に記載の外科用ステープル。
  13. 前記ベース部分が、前記ループの各々の側において変形され、前記ステープルの閉じ時に曲がり易くなっていることを特徴とする請求項1から12までのいずれか1項に記載の外科用ステープル。
  14. 人間又は動物の身体の液体搬送管における穿刺部位を閉じ状態にステープル留めする方法であって、
    ステープル留め機構を前記管の前記部位に導入する段階と、
    前記ステープル留め機構と関連し、前記管の前記穿刺部位に入ることにより前記穿刺部位の位置を検知する細長いロケータ装置によって、前記ステープル留め機構を前記穿刺部位に位置決めする段階と、
    ステープルを前記穿刺部位に送り出し、前記ステープルを変形させて前記穿刺部位を閉じる段階とを含み、
    前記ステープルが、ベース部分と、前記ベース部分の各々の端から延び、自由端で終わるそれぞれの脚部とを含み、前記ベース部分は、前記脚部の前記自由端を互いに寄せて液体搬送管の穿刺部位で突き刺し、前記穿刺部位の両縁を互いに保持するように変形させることができ、前記ベース部分及び前記脚部は、共通平面に対して或る角度でループをなして変形される前記ベース部分の中央部分を除いて、ほぼ前記共通平面内に位置するようになっており、
    前記ステープルの前記穿刺部位への送り出しの際に、前記ステープルのループが、前記ロケータ装置を跨ぎ、前記ロケータ装置に沿って摺動することを特徴とする方法。
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