JP2004019018A - Method for producing carbonaceous microfibrous material - Google Patents

Method for producing carbonaceous microfibrous material Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004019018A
JP2004019018A JP2002173001A JP2002173001A JP2004019018A JP 2004019018 A JP2004019018 A JP 2004019018A JP 2002173001 A JP2002173001 A JP 2002173001A JP 2002173001 A JP2002173001 A JP 2002173001A JP 2004019018 A JP2004019018 A JP 2004019018A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
bed reactor
particles
fluidized bed
aggregate
carbonaceous
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JP2002173001A
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JP4082099B2 (en
Inventor
Junichi Munesawa
宗澤 潤一
Shiyuushichi Yoshimura
吉村 修七
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Shimadzu Corp
Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
Mitsubishi Chemical Engineering Corp
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Shimadzu Corp
Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
Mitsubishi Chemical Engineering Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently mass-produce a carbonaceous microfibrous material having a homogeneous shape and physical properties at a low cost by preventing solidification of the carbonaceous microfibrous material in a reactor or a pipe when the carbonaceous microfibrous material is produced by reacting a carbon source gas in the presence of a catalyst in the reactor. <P>SOLUTION: Catalyst particles and the carbon source gas are introduced into a spouted-bed reactor 30 to produce aggregate having 10-200 μm average particle diameter of the carbonaceous microfibrous material while forming a spouted bed. The aggregate particles and the carbon source gas are introduced into fluidized bed reactors 40 and 50 to grow the aggregate while forming a fluidized bed of the aggregate.Thereby, the carbonaceous microfibrous material is produced. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は炭素質微細繊維状体の製造方法に係り、特に、反応器内で炭素源ガスを触媒の存在下に反応させて炭素質微細繊維状体を製造する方法であって、反応器や配管内での炭素質微細繊維状体の固化を防止して、均質な形状と物性を有する炭素質微細繊維状体を効率的に製造する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、二酸化炭素、水素、バイオガス(二酸化炭素(CO)とメタン(CH)とを主成分とするガス)等の排ガスを回収し、これを炭素源として触媒の存在下で反応させることにより炭素質生成物として固定化する方法が知られている(特開平11−29314号公報、特開平11−322315号公報)。この方法によれば、炭素質生成物としてカーボンナノチューブと呼称される炭素質微細中空繊維状体が得られることが確認されている。また、カーボンナノチューブは、炭化水素類などの炭素源原料を、高温で触媒存在下にて気相反応させて得られることも知られている(特公平3−64606号公報、特公平3−77288号公報等)。
【0003】
このようにして製造されるカーボンナノチューブに代表される炭素質微細繊維状体は、従来の炭素材料と比較して著しく高導電性であるなどの優れた特性により、近年、新材料として特に注目されている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、現状では、その製造効率が非常に低く、工業的に安価に大量生産する方法は未だ開発されていないのが現状である。即ち、例えば、反応器内の炭素質微細繊維状体濃度を上げて生産効率を高めようとすると、炭素質微細繊維状体が成長と共に塊状に固化し、連続製造が困難となるという問題がある。
【0005】
本発明は上記従来の問題点を解決し、反応器内で炭素源ガスを触媒の存在下に反応させることにより炭素質微細繊維状体を製造するにあたり、反応器や配管内での炭素質微細繊維状体の固化を防止して、均質な形状と物性を有する炭素質微細繊維状体を効率的にかつ安価に大量生産することができる方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の炭素質微細繊維状体の製造方法は、噴流層反応器内に触媒粒子及び炭素源ガスを導入して、噴流層を形成しながら、炭素質微細繊維状体の平均粒径10〜200μmの微粒状凝集体を製造する工程と、流動層反応器内に、炭素源ガスと前記噴流層反応器から取り出された該微粒状凝集体とを導入して、該微粒状凝集体の流動層を形成しながら該凝集体を成長させる工程とを有することを特徴とする。
【0007】
本発明に従って、炭素質微細繊維状体の微粒状凝集体を噴流層反応器内である程度の大きさに成長させることにより、凝集体粒子の固化を有効に防止することができる。
【0008】
これは、以下のような理由による。
【0009】
炭素源ガスを触媒粒子の存在下に高温反応させると、触媒粒子を反応の基点として炭素質微細繊維状体が生成して繊維状に成長し、触媒粒子の表面に炭素質微細繊維状体が形成された微粒状凝集体が得られる。この炭素質微細繊維状体の成長反応初期においては、凝集体粒子同士が接触した場合、凝集体粒子の表層部分に炭素質微細繊維状体の成長反応部が存在するため、この炭素質微細繊維状体の成長端が互いに絡み合って凝集体粒子が固化し、成長し易い。
【0010】
しかし、凝集体粒子を噴流撹拌で互いに遊離させた状態で炭素質微細繊維状体を成長させると、成長反応部を中心に取り囲むように炭素質微細繊維状体が成長し、成長端が表層面ではなく、内層に存在する確率が高くなる。このため、凝集体粒子同士が接触しても炭素質微細繊維状体同士が絡み合って固化することはなくなる。
【0011】
このように炭素質微細繊維状体が絡み合って固化し易い、反応初期の凝集体粒子同士の絡み合いによる固化を防止するためには、凝集体粒子の滞留を防止して凝集体粒子同士が定常的に接触しないようにする必要がある。
【0012】
本発明では、凝集体粒子同士が固化し易い炭素質微細繊維状体の成長反応の初期において、噴流層内で凝集体粒子を激しく撹拌して互いに遊離させた状態で炭素質微細繊維状体を成長させる。
【0013】
その後、このように噴流層内である程度の大きさに成長させた微粒状凝集体粒子を流動層に移送して更に粒子を成長させることにより、炭素質微細繊維状体を効率的に成長させることができる。即ち、ある程度の大きさに成長した凝集体粒子であれば、互いに絡み合って固化することはない。この流動層は噴流層よりも粒子密度が高く、炭素質微細繊維状体の生成効率が高いため、凝集体粒子を効率的に成長させることができる。
【0014】
これに対して、触媒粒子と炭素源ガスとを最初から流動層に導入して炭素質微細繊維状体を製造しようとすると、凝集体粒子が絡み合って塊状に固まり、反応器から排出することが困難となる。また、粒子密度の比較的低い噴流層内のみで炭素質微細繊維状体を製造しようとすると、製造効率が悪く、また、反応器も大型となり、工業的に不利である。
【0015】
本発明において、噴流層内で凝集体粒子(以下「一次粒子」と称す場合がある。)を平均粒径10〜200μmにまで成長させることは極めて重要であり、この一次粒子の平均粒径が10μm未満では、この一次粒子を流動層に導入して反応させた際に、固化し易い。この一次粒子の平均粒径が200μmを超えるまで噴流層内で反応を行うことは、反応器単位容積当たりの炭素質微細繊維状体生成量が低減し、製造効率の面で好ましくない。噴流層内で一次粒子を平均粒径10〜200μmに成長させて流動層に導入することにより、流動層内での固化を防止して、効率的な炭素質微細繊維状体の製造を行うことができる。
【0016】
本発明において、この一次粒子の平均粒径は30〜100μmであることが好ましい。
【0017】
また、流動層反応器で製造される凝集体粒子(以下「二次粒子」と称す場合がある。)の平均粒径は、この一次粒子の平均粒径の2倍以下、特に1.2〜2.0倍であることが好ましい。
【0018】
なお、本発明で特定される一次粒子及び二次粒子(凝集体粒子)の粒径は「平均粒径」であり、従って、本発明において製造される一次粒子に粒径10μm未満或いは粒径200μmを超えるものが存在していても良い。同様に、二次粒子についても、一次粒子の平均粒径の2倍を超える凝集体が存在していても良い。
【0019】
また、触媒粒子としては、触媒成分を担体に担持してなる担持触媒粒子が好適に用いられ、この担持触媒粒子の平均粒径は1〜20μmであることが好ましい。なお、この担持触媒粒子の平均粒径とは、担持触媒粒子の個々の粒径の平均値であり、担持触媒粒子の凝集体の粒径は平均粒径の対象としない。
【0020】
本発明において、炭素源ガスとしては、炭化水素及び/又は水素と炭素酸化物とを含むもの、特に、メタン及び二酸化炭素を含むものが好適であり、噴流層反応器及び流動層反応器における反応温度は400〜800℃であることが好ましい。
【0021】
なお、本発明で製造される炭素質微細繊維状体としては、一般に、直径が10〜1000nm特に10〜200nmで、長さが50nm〜100μm、長さ/直径の比率(アスペクト比)が10〜10000の炭素質微細繊維状体、例えば、カーボンナノチューブ等が挙げられる。
【0022】
本発明によれば、バイオガス、水素、二酸化炭素の各種のプロセス排ガスを炭素源ガスとして、このような炭素質微細繊維状体を、効率的にかつ安価に大量生産することができる。
【0023】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に図面を参照して本発明の炭素質微細繊維状体の製造方法の実施の形態を詳細に説明する。
【0024】
図1は本発明の炭素質微細繊維状体の製造方法の実施の形態を示す系統図である。
【0025】
バイオガス等の原料ガスが配管1に供給され、必要に応じ、メタンと炭酸ガスとを略等モル比とするために配管2から二酸化炭素(CO)ガスが添加、混合される。この原料ガスがブロワ3により配管4を経て熱回収熱交換器5に送られ、加熱された後、更に配管6を介して加熱炉7に送られて加熱され、配管8を介して反応器へ送り出される。この配管8は3本の配管9,10,11に分岐している。配管9は噴流層反応器30に接続され、配管10は流動層反応器40に接続され、配管11は流動層反応器50に接続されている。配管9には触媒添加用の配管12が接続されている。
【0026】
噴流層反応器30内では、配管9から導入された原料ガスが上方に噴出して噴流層が形成される。なお、噴流層反応器30には、この噴流層を撹拌するための撹拌機13aが付設されている。
【0027】
噴流層反応器30内の噴流層から飛び出した粒子(炭素微粉及び飛散触媒等)は、ガスと共に配管14からサイクロン15に導かれて捕集され、配管16を介して噴流層反応器30へ戻される。なお、サイクロン15を通り抜けた微細粒子は、ガスと共に配管17からバグフィルタ18に導入され、捕集される。バグフィルタ18にて捕集された粒子は、返送用配管(図示略)を介して噴流層反応器30に戻される。
【0028】
バグフィルタ18にて除塵されたガスは、配管19を介して前記熱回収熱交換器5に導かれ、前記原料ガスと熱交換して降温される。このようにして降温されたガスは、配管20から凝縮器21に導かれ、冷却される。これにより、該ガス中の水蒸気が凝縮して水となって分離され、排出ライン22から排出される。凝縮器21を通ったガスは、配管23を介して前記原料供給用配管1に導かれ、循環戻りガスとして原料ガスに混合される。
【0029】
なお、配管23からはガス分取用の配管24が分岐しており、ガスの一部を前記加熱炉7へ加熱燃料用ガスとして導いている。この配管24は、配管23内を流れるガスの一部を系外に取り出し、循環ガス中に窒素が蓄積することを防止するためのパージラインとして機能している。
【0030】
加熱炉7へは、加熱に必要な熱量を賄うために、前記配管1から原料ガスの一部を配管25を介して導入し、燃料ガスとして用いる。26は空気の導入配管である。
【0031】
ブロワ3の下流側の配管4には配管27を介して水素分離装置28が接続されている。この水素分離装置28は、循環ガス中にHが過剰に蓄積することを防止するためのものである。
【0032】
噴流層反応器30の上部の取出口13bに弁13cが設けられている。この取出口13bに凝集体粒子輸送用の配管29が接続されている。前記配管6から分岐したガス供給用配管31がこの配管29の途中に接続されており、凝集体粒子はこの配管29内を気流搬送され、サイクロン32に導かれる。
【0033】
該サイクロン32内にて捕集された凝集体粒子は、配管33を介して第1の流動層反応器40に導入される。この第1の流動層反応器40の下部に前記配管10から原料ガスが導入されており、該反応器40内に凝集体粒子の流動層が形成されている。
【0034】
噴流層反応器30からの凝集体粒子は、この流動層内において反応し、成長する。成長した粒子は、反応器40の下部に設けられたスクリュ式取出機41により取り出され、配管42を介して第2の流動層反応器50へ送られる。なお、第1の流動層反応器40からの飛散粒子を含むガスは、配管43を介してサイクロン32に導かれて捕集され、反応器40へ戻される。サイクロン32を通ったガスは、配管44を介して前記バグフィルタ18へ送られる。
【0035】
第2の流動層反応器50では、その下部に前記配管11を介して原料ガスが供給されており、該反応器50内に凝集体粒子の流動層が形成されている。
【0036】
第1の流動層反応器40からの凝集体粒子はこの流動層において、更に反応して成長し、成長した粒子は、反応器50の下部に設けられたスクリュ式取出機51により取り出され、製品として系外へ排出される。
【0037】
なお、第2の流動層反応器50からの飛散粒子を含むガスは、配管52を介してサイクロン53に導かれて捕集され、配管54より反応器50へ戻される。サイクロン53を通ったガスは、配管55を介して前記バグフィルタ18へ送られる。
【0038】
本発明においては、このようにして炭素質微細繊維状体を製造するに当たり、噴流層反応器30において、平均粒径10〜200μmの炭素質微細繊維状体の微粒状の凝集体粒子(一次粒子)を製造し、この平均粒径10〜200μmの一次粒子を流動層反応器40に導入して更に成長させる。
【0039】
前述の如く、この一次粒子の平均粒径が10μm未満であると、凝集体粒子の固化を有効に防止し得ず、200μmを超えると製造効率が低下する。噴流層反応器30で製造する一次粒子の平均粒径は特に30〜100μmとすることが好ましい。
【0040】
この一次粒子の平均粒径は、噴流層反応器30における反応時間(滞留時間)や原料ガス供給速度、反応温度等を調整することにより制御することができる。
【0041】
噴流層反応器30で製造した一次粒子は更に第1の流動層反応器40及び第2の流動層反応器50で成長させる。流動層の運転条件は、このようにして一次粒子を流動層内で成長させて得られる二次粒子の平均粒径が一次粒子の平均粒径の2倍以下、特に1.2〜2倍になる程度を目安とするのが好ましい。この二次粒子の平均粒径と一次粒子との比が1.2未満では二次粒子の成長が不十分となることがあり、2倍超では、流動層内の滞留時間が過度に長くなり、塊状物を生成させるおそれがあると共に、反応効率を低下させるおそれがある。
【0042】
なお、図1では、流動層反応器として第1の流動層反応器40と第2の流動層反応器50とを2段に設けているが、流動層反応器は、1段のみでも良く、また3段以上に設けても良い。流動層反応器を2段以上に多段に設けて反応条件を反応器毎に制御することにより、反応器単位容積当たりの生産効率を高めると共に、得られる炭素質微細繊維状体の形状や物性等を所望の範囲に容易に調整することができる。
【0043】
本発明において、反応に用いる炭素源ガスとしては、反応系にガス状で導入することができる炭素化合物であれば良く、特に制限はないが、好ましくは炭化水素及び/又は水素と炭素酸化物とを含むガスが用いられる。特に、炭素源ガスとして、例えば二酸化炭素、水素、バイオガス等のプロセス排ガスを回収利用することは、製造コストの低減のみならず、環境維持にも有効である。二酸化炭素及びメタンを炭素源ガスとして使用する場合、両者が等モルであれば、下記のような反応式に従って、メタン及び二酸化炭素を炭素質生成物として固定化させることが可能となる。
CH → C+2H
   2H+CO → C+2H
【0044】
炭素源ガスとして、二酸化炭素や一酸化炭素のような炭素酸化物のガスを用いる場合、同時に反応に用いるガスとしては還元性ガスを用いる。ここでいう還元性ガスとは、それ自体が還元性を有しているか、又はそのガスが反応系中にて分解して、かかる還元性を有するガスを発生するガスを指す。上記の反応式ではメタンガスが炭素源ガスであると同時に、分解して還元性を有する水素を発生するため、還元性ガスでもある。このような還元性ガスには、水素ガス、更には各種炭化水素ガス、即ちメタン、エタン、プロパン、ブタンのような化合物が挙げられる。
【0045】
一方、触媒としては、炭素源ガスからの炭素質微細繊維状体の生成反応を効率的に行うことのできるものであれば、化学的組成並びに形状等において特に制限されないが、通常、遷移金属及びその化合物が好ましく用いられる。触媒としては特に、ニッケル、コバルト、鉄などの金属触媒が好ましい。これら金属は1種を単独で用いても、2種以上を適宜組み合わせて使用しても良い。また、これら金属は、元素状態でも、酸化物、水酸化物、炭酸塩といった化合物でも使用することができる。更に、これらの触媒成分をシリカなどの担体に担持したものであっても良い。この場合、担体に対する触媒成分の担持量は、担体重量に対して1〜90重量%程度とするのが好ましい。その触媒のパーティクル形状には特に制限はなく、一般に知られている形状、例えば球状等の粒状であっても良い。またそのパーティクルの大きさは、例えば球状等の粒状である場合、直径で1〜20μm程度のものが通常好適に用いられる。
【0046】
このような触媒粒子の使用量には特に制限はないが、噴流層反応器30に導入される炭素源ガスが、触媒有効成分量に対して10〜60L/g・hr程度となるような量とすることが好ましい。
【0047】
また、反応条件は、通常、噴流層反応器30及び流動層反応器40,50共に、反応温度400〜800℃、好ましくは500℃以上600℃未満である。反応温度がこの範囲よりも低いと十分な反応速度が得られず炭素質微細繊維状体の製造効率の点で不利であり、この範囲よりも高いと、一旦生成した炭素と反応雰囲気ガスとの反応が生起して炭素質微細繊維状体の収率が低下する場合があり好ましくない。
【0048】
また、反応圧力は、原料の炭素源ガスが効率的に反応するような条件であれば良く、特に制限はないが、好ましくはゲージ圧1〜200kPa、より好ましくはゲージ圧3〜50kPaである。
【0049】
次に、本発明で好適に使用される噴流層反応器及び流動層反応器の構成について説明する。
【0050】
噴流層反応器は、下部より触媒粒子と炭素源ガスとを導入して、反応器内に凝集体粒子及び触媒粒子の噴流層を形成させながら、炭素質微細繊維状体を成長させ、上部より炭素質微細繊維状体が成長して所定の平均粒径となった凝集体粒子を取り出すことができるような噴流分散機構を有するものである。
【0051】
この噴流層反応器の具体的な構造としては、特に制限はないが、例えば図2(a)(縦断面図)、(b)(図2(a)のA−A’線に沿う断面図)に示すようなものを用いることができる。
【0052】
噴流層反応器の形状は特に限定はないが、図2では逆円錐形であり、他に逆角錐形などが好ましい。図2において、61は触媒及びガス入口、62は吹込部、63は凝集体粒子出口、64はガス出口、65は掻き取り翼、66は撹拌棒である。触媒粒子及び炭素源ガスは、入口61から供給され、反応器内で噴流層を形成する。連続運転の場合、触媒粒子は数回/hr定期的に生産量に応じてバッチ投入される。触媒粒子は反応器下部から、炭素質微細繊維状体の凝集体粒子を生成させながら反応器上部に高炭素濃度マクロ分布を形成して移動していく。生成した炭素質微細繊維状体の凝集体粒子を連続的に排出する場合は、上部棚の開口部より回転掻き取り翼65にて数回/hr定期的に掻き取り、出口63から排出する。
【0053】
流動層反応器は、噴流層反応器からの凝集体粒子を更に炭素源ガスと接触させて造粒成長させる反応器である。
【0054】
この流動層反応器の具体的な構造としては特に制限はないが、例えば図3(縦断面図)に示すようなものを用いることができる。
【0055】
流動層反応器の形状は特に限定はないが、図3では逆円錐形であり、他に逆角錐形、円筒形などが好ましい。また、排出時マスフローを形成させるための円錐型内装物73と凝集体粒子の固化防止のための撹拌棒74、更に炭素源ガスを下部より吹き込むノズル71が設けられている。72はガス入口、75はガス出口、76は凝集体粒子入口、77は凝集体粒子抜き出しスクリュ、78は抜き出し口である。
【0056】
噴流層反応器からの凝集体粒子は、この流動層反応器の凝集体粒子入口76より投入され、ガス入口72からの炭素源ガスと接触しながら、炭素質微細繊維状体を成長させる。流動層反応器では、凝集体粒子は成長しながら凝集固化しない流動層を形成する必要があり、凝集体粒子は成長度、幾何形状が重要な要素となる。従って、凝集体粒子生産量に応じて反応器の基数を適宜設計する必要がある。流動層反応器の連続運転時は、生成した凝集体粒子はスクリュ77から定期的に定量排出される。
【0057】
このような噴流層反応器及び流動層反応器を用いる反応は、連続式で行っても良く、またバッチ式で行っても良い。例えば、噴流層反応器及び流動層反応器の双方を連続式で運転しても良く、噴流層反応器及び流動層反応器の一方を連続式とし、他方をバッチ式としても良く、噴流層反応器及び流動層反応器の双方をバッチ式で運転しても良い。
【0058】
これらの反応器をバッチ式、連続式のいずれかで行うかは、反応条件(滞留時間等)や、所望とする炭素質微細繊維状体の特性(炭素質微細繊維状体の長さ、直径、凝集体粒子粒径等)をコントロールするために、適宜選択することができ、このことは同一設備において、運転方式を選定することにより、種々の特性を有する炭素質微細繊維状体を製造することができることを意味する。
【0059】
本発明においては、反応器や反応系内の配管において、炭素質微細繊維状体の生成反応を抑止する作用を有する窒素等の不活性ガス又は原料である炭素酸化物等を局所的に複数箇所で微量供給することにより、凝集体粒子の固化をより一層確実に防止することができ好ましい。
【0060】
なお、図1に示す如く、噴流層反応器30及び流動層反応器40,50の排ガスは、サイクロン、バグフィルタ等の微粉捕集手段で炭素微粉、触媒粒子等の微粉を捕集した後、原料の炭素源ガスに混合して循環使用することができ、また、捕集した微粉は反応器に戻すことが好ましく、このように排出ガスを回収して循環使用することにより炭素質微細繊維状体の収率を高めることができる。
【0061】
このような本発明の炭素質微細繊維状体の製造方法で製造される炭素質微細繊維状体、例えばカーボンナノチューブの形状や大きさ、性状や結晶構造、その他の物性は、用いる触媒の特性、原料の炭素源ガスの組成、反応時間、反応温度などに依存して変化するが、通常、直径10〜200nm、長さ50nm〜100μmの均質な形状、物性の炭素質微細繊維状体である。
【0062】
【実施例】
以下に実施例及び比較例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明はその要旨を超えない限り、以下の実施例に何ら限定されるものではない。
【0063】
実施例1
図1に示す方法で本発明に従って、炭素質微細繊維状体の製造を行った。ただし、第2の流動層反応器50は用いず、第1の流動層反応器40で得られる凝集体粒子を製品とした。
【0064】
原料ガスとしては、二酸化炭素とメタンとの1:1(モル比)混合ガスを用い、配管23からの循環戻りガスと共に熱回収熱交換器5で加熱した後加熱炉7で加熱して600℃に昇温した。
【0065】
この昇温ガスを担持触媒粒子と共に噴流層反応器30に供給し、噴流層反応器30内で噴流層を形成させながら炭素質微細繊維状体の凝集体粒子を成長させ、噴流層反応器30内から定期的に凝集体粒子を取り出し、流動層反応器40に導入した。この一次粒子の平均粒径は45μmであった。なお、この噴流層反応器30における反応条件は、温度550℃、ゲージ圧40kPaとし、担持触媒粒子としては、略球状のシリカ担体に金属ニッケルを担持させた、平均粒径15μmの担持触媒粒子を用い、噴流層反応器30に導入される触媒有効成分量に対して原料ガス(循環戻りガスを含む)を30L/g・hrの割合で導入した。
【0066】
噴流層反応器30で得られた平均粒径45μmの一次粒子は、次いで第1の流動層反応器40で、原料ガスと接触させて更に造粒成長させ、この流動層反応器40から定期的に流動層内の凝集体粒子を取り出して冷却することにより製品とした。
【0067】
この流動層反応器40の反応条件は、温度550℃、ゲージ圧40kPaとし、原料ガスは、触媒有効成分量に対して30L/g・hrの割合で導入した。また、流動層反応器40から取り出した二次粒子の平均粒径は65μmであった。
【0068】
このようにして得られた炭素質微細繊維状体は、直径が10〜200nmで、長さが50nm〜100μm、アスペクト比10〜10000の、均質な形状及び物性を有するカーボンナノチューブであり、反応器30,40や配管等で凝集体粒子の固化を引き起こすことなく、長期にわたり安定した連続生産を行うことができた。
【0069】
なお、噴流層反応器30及び流動層反応器40からの排出ガスは、反応器内で生成した炭素、一酸化炭素、水素、水と飛散した触媒を含む混合ガスであり、各々サイクロン15,32を経てバグフィルタ18で除塵した後、熱回収熱交換器5で原料ガスと熱交換して熱回収し、その後、凝縮器21で約40℃まで冷却して反応生成水を分離回収した。サイクロン15,32で捕集した炭素微粉及び飛散触媒は、各々噴流層反応器30、流動層反応器40に戻した。また、バグフィルタ18で捕集した炭素微粉及び飛散触媒は噴流層反応器30に戻した。
【0070】
本実施例の反応において収率は70%であり、原料ガスとして供給した二酸化炭素とメタンの炭素原料のうちの約70%がカーボンナノチューブとして回収された。
【0071】
比較例1
実施例1において、平均粒径が小さい担持触媒を使用し、噴流層反応器30におけるバッチ反応時間を通常の半分に変更することにより、一次粒子の平均粒径を8μmとしたこと以外は同様にして反応を行ったところ、10時間の連続運転で流動層反応器40において凝集体粒子が塊状に固化し、反応継続することができなくなった。
【0072】
比較例2
実施例1において、噴流層反応器30におけるバッチ反応時間を通常の10倍に変更することにより、一次粒子の平均粒径を230μmとしたところ、固化は起こらなかったが、反応効率の低下が顕著であった。
【0073】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述した通り、本発明の炭素質微細繊維状体の製造方法によれば、噴流層反応器内に触媒粒子及び炭素源ガスを導入して炭素質微細繊維状体の凝集体を製造し、この凝集体粒子を流動層反応器内に導入して成長させることにより、凝集体を塊状に固化させることなく、均質な形状と物性を有する炭素質微細繊維状体を効率的にかつ安価に大量生産することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の炭素質微細繊維状体の製造方法の実施の形態を示す系統図である。
【図2】本発明に好適な噴流層反応器の構造を示す図であって、(a)図は縦断面図、(b)図は(a)図のA−A’線に沿う断面図である。
【図3】本発明に好適な流動層反応器の構造を示す縦断面図である。
【符号の説明】
3 ブロワ
5 熱回収熱交換器
7 加熱炉
15,32,53 サイクロン
18 バグフィルタ
21 凝縮器
28 水素分離装置
30 噴流層反応器
40 第1の流動層反応器
41,51 スクリュ式取出機
50 第2の流動層反応器
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a carbonaceous fine fibrous body, in particular, a method for producing a carbonaceous fine fibrous body by reacting a carbon source gas in the presence of a catalyst in a reactor, comprising: The present invention relates to a method for efficiently manufacturing a carbonaceous fine fibrous body having a uniform shape and physical properties while preventing solidification of the carbonaceous fine fibrous body in a pipe.
[0002]
[Prior art]
BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, exhaust gas such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and biogas (a gas containing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) as main components) has been collected and reacted with carbon as a carbon source in the presence of a catalyst. Are known as a carbonaceous product (JP-A-11-29314 and JP-A-11-322315). According to this method, it has been confirmed that a carbonaceous fine hollow fibrous body called a carbon nanotube can be obtained as a carbonaceous product. It is also known that carbon nanotubes can be obtained by subjecting a carbon source material such as hydrocarbons to a gas phase reaction at a high temperature in the presence of a catalyst (JP-B-3-64606, JP-B-3-77288). No.).
[0003]
In recent years, carbonaceous fine fibrous bodies represented by carbon nanotubes produced in this way have attracted particular attention as new materials in recent years due to their excellent properties such as significantly higher conductivity than conventional carbon materials. ing.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, at present, the production efficiency is very low, and a method for mass production at low cost industrially has not yet been developed. That is, for example, when the production efficiency is increased by increasing the concentration of the carbonaceous fine fibrous body in the reactor, there is a problem that the carbonaceous fine fibrous body solidifies in a lump as it grows, making continuous production difficult. .
[0005]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and produces a carbonaceous fine fibrous body by reacting a carbon source gas in the presence of a catalyst in a reactor. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method capable of preventing solidification of a fibrous body and efficiently and inexpensively mass-producing a carbonaceous fine fibrous body having a uniform shape and physical properties.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the method for producing a carbonaceous fine fibrous body of the present invention, the catalyst particles and the carbon source gas are introduced into a spouted bed reactor to form a spouted bed while the average particle diameter of the carbonaceous fine fibrous body is 10 to 10. Producing a 200 μm fine aggregate, introducing a carbon source gas and the fine aggregate taken out of the spouted bed reactor into a fluidized bed reactor to flow the fine aggregate. Growing the aggregate while forming a layer.
[0007]
According to the present invention, the solidification of the aggregate particles can be effectively prevented by growing the particulate aggregate of the carbonaceous fine fibrous material to a certain size in the spouted bed reactor.
[0008]
This is for the following reasons.
[0009]
When the carbon source gas is reacted at a high temperature in the presence of the catalyst particles, a carbonaceous fine fibrous body is formed and grows in a fibrous form with the catalyst particle as a starting point of the reaction, and the carbonaceous fine fibrous body is formed on the surface of the catalyst particle. The formed fine aggregates are obtained. In the early stage of the growth reaction of the carbonaceous fine fibrous body, when the aggregated particles come into contact with each other, the growth reaction portion of the carbonaceous fine fibrous body is present on the surface layer of the aggregated particles, so Aggregate particles are solidified due to the growing ends of the entangled shapes and easily grow.
[0010]
However, when the carbonaceous fine fibrous material is grown while the aggregate particles are separated from each other by jet agitation, the carbonaceous fine fibrous material grows so as to surround the growth reaction part at the center, and the growth end is the surface layer. Rather, the probability of existence in the inner layer increases. For this reason, even if the aggregate particles come into contact with each other, the carbonaceous fine fibrous bodies are not entangled with each other and solidified.
[0011]
In this way, the carbonaceous fine fibrous materials are entangled and easily solidified.To prevent solidification due to entanglement of the aggregate particles in the initial stage of the reaction, the aggregate particles are prevented from staying and the aggregate particles are constantly It is necessary to avoid contact.
[0012]
In the present invention, in the initial stage of the growth reaction of the carbonaceous fine fibrous bodies in which the aggregated particles are easily solidified, the carbonaceous fine fibrous bodies are separated from each other by vigorously stirring the aggregated particles in the spouted bed. Let it grow.
[0013]
Then, by transferring the fine aggregate particles grown to a certain size in the spouted bed to the fluidized bed and further growing the particles, the carbonaceous fine fibrous body can be efficiently grown. Can be. That is, if the aggregate particles have grown to a certain size, they will not be entangled with each other and solidified. Since the fluidized bed has a higher particle density than the spouted bed and a higher generation efficiency of carbonaceous fine fibrous bodies, the aggregated particles can be grown efficiently.
[0014]
On the other hand, when the catalyst particles and the carbon source gas are introduced into the fluidized bed from the beginning to produce a carbonaceous fine fibrous body, the aggregated particles are entangled and solidified in a lump, and may be discharged from the reactor. It will be difficult. Further, if an attempt is made to produce a carbonaceous fine fibrous material only in a spouted bed having a relatively low particle density, the production efficiency is low and the reactor becomes large, which is industrially disadvantageous.
[0015]
In the present invention, it is extremely important that the aggregate particles (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “primary particles”) grow to an average particle size of 10 to 200 μm in the spouted bed. If it is less than 10 μm, the primary particles are easily solidified when introduced into the fluidized bed and reacted. Performing the reaction in the spouted bed until the average particle size of the primary particles exceeds 200 μm is not preferable in terms of production efficiency because the amount of carbonaceous fine fibrous materials produced per unit volume of the reactor is reduced. The primary particles are grown to an average particle size of 10 to 200 μm in the spouted bed and introduced into the fluidized bed, thereby preventing solidification in the fluidized bed and efficiently producing a carbonaceous fine fibrous body. Can be.
[0016]
In the present invention, the average particle size of the primary particles is preferably 30 to 100 μm.
[0017]
The average particle size of the aggregate particles (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “secondary particles”) produced in the fluidized bed reactor is twice or less the average particle size of the primary particles, particularly 1.2 to 1.2. Preferably it is 2.0 times.
[0018]
The particle size of the primary particles and the secondary particles (aggregate particles) specified in the present invention is an “average particle size”, and therefore, the primary particles produced in the present invention have a particle size of less than 10 μm or a particle size of 200 μm. May be present. Similarly, for the secondary particles, aggregates that are more than twice the average particle size of the primary particles may be present.
[0019]
Further, as the catalyst particles, supported catalyst particles obtained by supporting a catalyst component on a carrier are suitably used, and the average particle diameter of the supported catalyst particles is preferably 1 to 20 μm. The average particle size of the supported catalyst particles is an average value of the individual particle sizes of the supported catalyst particles, and the average particle size of the aggregate of the supported catalyst particles is not considered.
[0020]
In the present invention, as the carbon source gas, those containing hydrocarbons and / or hydrogen and carbon oxides, particularly those containing methane and carbon dioxide are suitable, and the reaction in a spouted bed reactor and a fluidized bed reactor is preferred. Preferably, the temperature is between 400 and 800C.
[0021]
The carbonaceous fine fibrous material produced in the present invention generally has a diameter of 10 to 1000 nm, particularly 10 to 200 nm, a length of 50 nm to 100 μm, and a length / diameter ratio (aspect ratio) of 10 to 10 nm. 10,000 carbonaceous fine fibrous bodies, for example, carbon nanotubes and the like.
[0022]
According to the present invention, such a carbonaceous fine fibrous material can be efficiently and inexpensively mass-produced using various process exhaust gases of biogas, hydrogen and carbon dioxide as a carbon source gas.
[0023]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a method for producing a carbonaceous fine fibrous body of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0024]
FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing an embodiment of the method for producing a carbonaceous fine fibrous body of the present invention.
[0025]
A raw material gas such as biogas is supplied to the pipe 1, and if necessary, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas is added and mixed from the pipe 2 to make methane and carbon dioxide gas have a substantially equimolar ratio. This raw material gas is sent by a blower 3 to a heat recovery heat exchanger 5 via a pipe 4 and heated, and then sent to a heating furnace 7 via a pipe 6 to be heated, and then to a reactor via a pipe 8. Will be sent out. This pipe 8 is branched into three pipes 9, 10, and 11. The pipe 9 is connected to a spouted bed reactor 30, the pipe 10 is connected to a fluidized bed reactor 40, and the pipe 11 is connected to a fluidized bed reactor 50. The pipe 9 is connected to a pipe 12 for adding a catalyst.
[0026]
In the spouted bed reactor 30, the raw material gas introduced from the pipe 9 is ejected upward to form a spouted bed. The spouted bed reactor 30 is provided with a stirrer 13a for stirring the spouted bed.
[0027]
Particles (such as carbon fines and scattered catalyst) spouted from the spouted bed in the spouted bed reactor 30 are collected together with the gas by being guided from the pipe 14 to the cyclone 15 and returned to the spouted bed reactor 30 via the pipe 16. It is. The fine particles passing through the cyclone 15 are introduced into the bag filter 18 from the pipe 17 together with the gas, and are collected. The particles collected by the bag filter 18 are returned to the spouted bed reactor 30 via a return pipe (not shown).
[0028]
The gas removed by the bag filter 18 is guided to the heat recovery heat exchanger 5 through a pipe 19, and exchanges heat with the raw material gas to lower the temperature. The gas whose temperature has been lowered in this way is led from the pipe 20 to the condenser 21 and cooled. Thereby, the water vapor in the gas is condensed and separated as water, and is discharged from the discharge line 22. The gas that has passed through the condenser 21 is guided to the raw material supply pipe 1 through a pipe 23, and is mixed with the raw material gas as a circulating return gas.
[0029]
A pipe 24 for gas separation branches off from the pipe 23, and a part of the gas is led to the heating furnace 7 as a gas for heating fuel. The pipe 24 functions as a purge line for taking out a part of the gas flowing in the pipe 23 out of the system and preventing nitrogen from accumulating in the circulating gas.
[0030]
In order to cover the amount of heat required for heating, a part of the raw material gas is introduced from the pipe 1 through the pipe 25 into the heating furnace 7 and used as a fuel gas. 26 is an air introduction pipe.
[0031]
A hydrogen separator 28 is connected to the pipe 4 on the downstream side of the blower 3 via a pipe 27. The hydrogen separator 28 is for preventing H 2 from excessively accumulating in the circulating gas.
[0032]
A valve 13c is provided at the upper outlet 13b of the spouted bed reactor 30. A pipe 29 for transporting aggregate particles is connected to the outlet 13b. A gas supply pipe 31 branched from the pipe 6 is connected in the middle of the pipe 29, and the aggregate particles are transported in the pipe 29 by air flow and guided to the cyclone 32.
[0033]
The aggregate particles collected in the cyclone 32 are introduced into a first fluidized bed reactor 40 via a pipe 33. A raw material gas is introduced into the lower part of the first fluidized bed reactor 40 from the pipe 10, and a fluidized bed of aggregate particles is formed in the reactor 40.
[0034]
Agglomerate particles from the spouted bed reactor 30 react and grow in this fluidized bed. The grown particles are taken out by a screw type take-out machine 41 provided at a lower part of the reactor 40 and sent to a second fluidized bed reactor 50 through a pipe 42. The gas containing the scattered particles from the first fluidized bed reactor 40 is guided to the cyclone 32 via the pipe 43, collected and returned to the reactor 40. The gas that has passed through the cyclone 32 is sent to the bag filter 18 via a pipe 44.
[0035]
In the second fluidized bed reactor 50, a raw material gas is supplied to the lower part through the pipe 11, and a fluidized bed of aggregate particles is formed in the reactor 50.
[0036]
Agglomerate particles from the first fluidized bed reactor 40 further react and grow in this fluidized bed, and the grown particles are taken out by a screw type take-out machine 51 provided at the lower part of the reactor 50 to produce a product. It is discharged outside the system.
[0037]
The gas containing the scattered particles from the second fluidized bed reactor 50 is guided to the cyclone 53 via the pipe 52, collected, and returned to the reactor 50 from the pipe 54. The gas that has passed through the cyclone 53 is sent to the bag filter 18 via a pipe 55.
[0038]
In the present invention, in producing the carbonaceous fine fibrous material in this way, in the spouted bed reactor 30, fine aggregate particles (primary particles) of the carbonaceous fine fibrous material having an average particle size of 10 to 200 μm. ), And the primary particles having an average particle size of 10 to 200 μm are introduced into the fluidized bed reactor 40 for further growth.
[0039]
As described above, if the average particle size of the primary particles is less than 10 μm, solidification of the aggregated particles cannot be effectively prevented, and if it exceeds 200 μm, the production efficiency decreases. The average particle size of the primary particles produced in the spouted bed reactor 30 is particularly preferably 30 to 100 μm.
[0040]
The average particle size of the primary particles can be controlled by adjusting the reaction time (residence time) in the spouted bed reactor 30, the feed rate of the raw material gas, the reaction temperature, and the like.
[0041]
The primary particles produced in the spouted bed reactor 30 are further grown in a first fluidized bed reactor 40 and a second fluidized bed reactor 50. The operating conditions of the fluidized bed are such that the average particle size of the secondary particles obtained by growing the primary particles in the fluidized bed is twice or less, particularly 1.2 to 2 times, the average particle size of the primary particles. It is preferable to use a certain degree as a guide. When the ratio between the average particle size of the secondary particles and the primary particles is less than 1.2, the growth of the secondary particles may be insufficient. When the ratio is more than twice, the residence time in the fluidized bed may be excessively long. In addition, there is a possibility that a lump may be formed and the reaction efficiency may be reduced.
[0042]
In FIG. 1, the first fluidized bed reactor 40 and the second fluidized bed reactor 50 are provided in two stages as fluidized bed reactors, but the fluidized bed reactor may be only one stage, Further, it may be provided in three or more stages. By providing two or more fluidized bed reactors in multiple stages and controlling the reaction conditions for each reactor, the production efficiency per unit volume of the reactor is increased, and the shape and physical properties of the resulting carbonaceous fine fibrous material are improved. Can be easily adjusted to a desired range.
[0043]
In the present invention, the carbon source gas used in the reaction is not particularly limited as long as it is a carbon compound that can be introduced in a gaseous state into the reaction system, but is preferably a hydrocarbon and / or hydrogen and a carbon oxide. Is used. In particular, collecting and utilizing process exhaust gas such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen, biogas, etc. as a carbon source gas is effective not only for reducing the production cost but also for maintaining the environment. When carbon dioxide and methane are used as the carbon source gas, if both are equimolar, methane and carbon dioxide can be immobilized as carbonaceous products according to the following reaction formula.
CH 4 → C + 2H 2
2H 2 + CO 2 → C + 2H 2 O
[0044]
When a carbon oxide gas such as carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide is used as the carbon source gas, a reducing gas is used as the gas used for the reaction. As used herein, the term "reducing gas" refers to a gas which has a reducing property itself or which is decomposed in a reaction system to generate a gas having such a reducing property. In the above reaction formula, methane gas is a reducing gas as well as a carbon source gas because it is decomposed to generate hydrogen having a reducing property. Examples of such reducing gas include hydrogen gas, and various hydrocarbon gases, that is, compounds such as methane, ethane, propane, and butane.
[0045]
On the other hand, the catalyst is not particularly limited in chemical composition and shape, etc., as long as it can efficiently perform a reaction for producing a carbonaceous fine fibrous material from a carbon source gas. The compound is preferably used. As the catalyst, a metal catalyst such as nickel, cobalt and iron is particularly preferable. These metals may be used alone or in an appropriate combination of two or more. In addition, these metals can be used in an elemental state or in compounds such as oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates. Further, these catalyst components may be supported on a carrier such as silica. In this case, the amount of the catalyst component carried on the carrier is preferably about 1 to 90% by weight based on the weight of the carrier. The particle shape of the catalyst is not particularly limited, and may be a generally known shape, for example, a spherical shape or the like. When the particles are in the form of particles such as spheres, for example, particles having a diameter of about 1 to 20 μm are usually suitably used.
[0046]
The amount of such catalyst particles used is not particularly limited, but the amount is such that the amount of the carbon source gas introduced into the spouted bed reactor 30 is about 10 to 60 L / g · hr based on the amount of the active catalyst component. It is preferable that
[0047]
The reaction conditions are usually a reaction temperature of 400 to 800 ° C., preferably 500 ° C. or more and less than 600 ° C. for both the spouted bed reactor 30 and the fluidized bed reactors 40 and 50. If the reaction temperature is lower than this range, a sufficient reaction rate cannot be obtained, which is disadvantageous in terms of the production efficiency of the carbonaceous fine fibrous body.If the reaction temperature is higher than this range, the reaction between the once generated carbon and the reaction atmosphere gas may occur. A reaction may occur to lower the yield of the carbonaceous fine fibrous material, which is not preferable.
[0048]
The reaction pressure is not particularly limited as long as it is a condition under which the raw material carbon source gas efficiently reacts, and is preferably 1 to 200 kPa, more preferably 3 to 50 kPa.
[0049]
Next, the configurations of the spouted bed reactor and the fluidized bed reactor suitably used in the present invention will be described.
[0050]
The spouted bed reactor introduces catalyst particles and a carbon source gas from the lower part, grows a carbonaceous fine fibrous body while forming a spouted bed of aggregate particles and catalyst particles in the reactor, and from the upper part. It has a jet dispersion mechanism such that the carbonaceous fine fibrous body grows and aggregate particles having a predetermined average particle size can be taken out.
[0051]
Although the specific structure of the spouted bed reactor is not particularly limited, for example, FIG. 2 (a) (longitudinal sectional view), (b) (a sectional view taken along line AA ′ in FIG. 2 (a)) ) Can be used.
[0052]
Although the shape of the spouted bed reactor is not particularly limited, it is an inverted conical shape in FIG. 2, and an inverted pyramid shape or the like is preferable. In FIG. 2, 61 is a catalyst and gas inlet, 62 is a blowing section, 63 is an aggregate particle outlet, 64 is a gas outlet, 65 is a scraper blade, and 66 is a stirring rod. Catalyst particles and a carbon source gas are supplied from the inlet 61 and form a spouted bed in the reactor. In the case of continuous operation, the catalyst particles are batch-injected several times / hr according to the production amount. The catalyst particles move from the lower part of the reactor to form a macroscopic distribution of high carbon concentration in the upper part of the reactor while generating aggregate particles of carbonaceous fine fibrous bodies. In the case of continuously discharging the aggregated particles of the generated carbonaceous fine fibrous material, the particles are periodically scraped several times / hr from the opening of the upper shelf by the rotary scraping blade 65 and discharged from the outlet 63.
[0053]
The fluidized bed reactor is a reactor in which agglomerate particles from the spouted bed reactor are further contacted with a carbon source gas to perform granulation growth.
[0054]
Although the specific structure of the fluidized bed reactor is not particularly limited, for example, the one shown in FIG. 3 (longitudinal sectional view) can be used.
[0055]
Although the shape of the fluidized bed reactor is not particularly limited, it is an inverted conical shape in FIG. Further, a conical interior 73 for forming a mass flow at the time of discharge, a stirring rod 74 for preventing solidification of aggregate particles, and a nozzle 71 for blowing a carbon source gas from below are provided. 72 is a gas inlet, 75 is a gas outlet, 76 is an agglomerate particle inlet, 77 is an agglomerate particle extraction screw, and 78 is an extraction port.
[0056]
Agglomerate particles from the spouted bed reactor are introduced from the agglomerate particle inlet 76 of the fluidized bed reactor, and grow the carbonaceous fine fibrous body while being in contact with the carbon source gas from the gas inlet 72. In a fluidized bed reactor, it is necessary to form a fluidized bed in which the aggregate particles do not aggregate and solidify while growing, and the degree of growth and the geometric shape of the aggregate particles are important factors. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriately design the number of reactors according to the amount of aggregate particles produced. During continuous operation of the fluidized bed reactor, the produced aggregate particles are periodically discharged from the screw 77 at a constant rate.
[0057]
The reaction using such a spouted bed reactor and a fluidized bed reactor may be performed in a continuous manner or in a batch manner. For example, both the spouted bed reactor and the fluidized bed reactor may be operated continuously, one of the spouted bed reactor and the fluidized bed reactor may be operated continuously, and the other may be operated as a batch type. Both the reactor and the fluidized bed reactor may be operated in a batch mode.
[0058]
Whether these reactors are operated in a batch system or a continuous system depends on the reaction conditions (residence time, etc.) and the desired properties of the carbonaceous fine fibrous material (length, diameter, , Agglomerate particle size, etc.) can be selected as appropriate, which means that in the same facility, by selecting an operation method, a carbonaceous fine fibrous body having various characteristics can be produced. Means you can do it.
[0059]
In the present invention, in a reactor or a pipe in a reaction system, an inert gas such as nitrogen or a carbon oxide as a raw material having an action of suppressing a formation reaction of a carbonaceous fine fibrous material is locally formed at a plurality of locations. By supplying a small amount in the above, solidification of aggregate particles can be more reliably prevented, which is preferable.
[0060]
As shown in FIG. 1, the exhaust gas from the spouted bed reactor 30 and the fluidized bed reactors 40 and 50 is collected by a fine powder collecting means such as a cyclone and a bag filter to collect fine powders such as carbon fine powder and catalyst particles. It can be mixed and recycled with the raw material carbon source gas, and it is preferable to return the collected fine powder to the reactor. The body yield can be increased.
[0061]
Such a carbonaceous fine fibrous body produced by the method for producing a carbonaceous fine fibrous body of the present invention, for example, the shape and size of carbon nanotubes, properties and crystal structure, and other physical properties are the properties of the catalyst used, Although it varies depending on the composition of the raw material carbon source gas, the reaction time, the reaction temperature, and the like, it is usually a carbonaceous fine fibrous material having a uniform shape and physical properties of 10 to 200 nm in diameter and 50 nm to 100 μm in length.
[0062]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following Examples at all without departing from the gist thereof.
[0063]
Example 1
According to the present invention, a carbonaceous fine fibrous body was produced by the method shown in FIG. However, the aggregated particles obtained in the first fluidized-bed reactor 40 were used as products without using the second fluidized-bed reactor 50.
[0064]
As a raw material gas, a 1: 1 (molar ratio) mixed gas of carbon dioxide and methane is used, and is heated together with the circulating return gas from the pipe 23 in the heat recovery heat exchanger 5 and then heated in the heating furnace 7 to 600 ° C. The temperature rose.
[0065]
This temperature-raised gas is supplied to the spouted bed reactor 30 together with the supported catalyst particles, and while the spouted bed is formed in the spouted bed reactor 30, aggregate particles of the carbonaceous fine fibrous material are grown. Aggregate particles were periodically taken out of the reactor and introduced into the fluidized bed reactor 40. The average particle size of the primary particles was 45 μm. The reaction conditions in the spouted bed reactor 30 were set at a temperature of 550 ° C. and a gauge pressure of 40 kPa, and as the supported catalyst particles, supported catalyst particles having an average particle diameter of 15 μm in which metal nickel was supported on a substantially spherical silica carrier. The raw material gas (including the circulation return gas) was introduced at a rate of 30 L / g · hr with respect to the amount of the active catalyst component introduced into the spouted bed reactor 30.
[0066]
The primary particles having an average particle size of 45 μm obtained in the spouted bed reactor 30 are then brought into contact with a raw material gas in a first fluidized bed reactor 40 to further perform granulation growth. The aggregated particles in the fluidized bed were taken out and cooled to obtain a product.
[0067]
The reaction conditions of the fluidized bed reactor 40 were a temperature of 550 ° C. and a gauge pressure of 40 kPa, and the raw material gas was introduced at a rate of 30 L / g · hr with respect to the amount of the active catalyst component. The average particle size of the secondary particles taken out of the fluidized bed reactor 40 was 65 μm.
[0068]
The carbonaceous fine fibrous material thus obtained is a carbon nanotube having a uniform shape and physical properties having a diameter of 10 to 200 nm, a length of 50 nm to 100 μm, and an aspect ratio of 10 to 10,000. Stable continuous production could be performed for a long period of time without causing solidification of aggregate particles at 30, 40, piping, and the like.
[0069]
The exhaust gas from the spouted bed reactor 30 and the fluidized bed reactor 40 is a mixed gas containing carbon, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, water, and the scattered catalyst generated in the reactor. After that, dust was removed by the bag filter 18, heat was recovered by exchanging heat with the raw material gas in the heat recovery heat exchanger 5, and then cooled to about 40 ° C. in the condenser 21 to separate and recover the reaction product water. The carbon fines and the scattering catalyst collected by the cyclones 15 and 32 were returned to the spouted bed reactor 30 and the fluidized bed reactor 40, respectively. The carbon fines and the scattered catalyst collected by the bag filter 18 were returned to the spouted bed reactor 30.
[0070]
In the reaction of the present example, the yield was 70%, and about 70% of the carbon material supplied from carbon dioxide and methane supplied as the raw material gas was recovered as carbon nanotubes.
[0071]
Comparative Example 1
Example 1 was repeated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the average particle size of the primary particles was changed to 8 μm by using a supported catalyst having a small average particle size and changing the batch reaction time in the spouted bed reactor 30 to half of the normal case. When the reaction was carried out, the aggregated particles solidified in the fluidized bed reactor 40 in a continuous operation for 10 hours, and the reaction could not be continued.
[0072]
Comparative Example 2
In Example 1, when the average particle size of the primary particles was changed to 230 μm by changing the batch reaction time in the spouted bed reactor 30 to 10 times the usual value, no solidification occurred, but the reaction efficiency was significantly reduced. Met.
[0073]
【The invention's effect】
As described in detail above, according to the method for producing a carbonaceous fine fibrous body of the present invention, an aggregate of carbonaceous fine fibrous bodies is produced by introducing catalyst particles and a carbon source gas into a spouted bed reactor. By introducing the aggregate particles into a fluidized bed reactor and growing them, without solidifying the aggregates into a mass, a carbonaceous fine fibrous material having a uniform shape and physical properties can be efficiently and inexpensively produced. Can be mass-produced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing an embodiment of a method for producing a carbonaceous fine fibrous body of the present invention.
FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams showing a structure of a spouted bed reactor suitable for the present invention, wherein FIG. 2A is a longitudinal sectional view, and FIG. 2B is a sectional view taken along line AA ′ in FIG. It is.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a structure of a fluidized bed reactor suitable for the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
3 Blower 5 Heat recovery heat exchanger 7 Heating furnace 15, 32, 53 Cyclone 18 Bag filter 21 Condenser 28 Hydrogen separator 30 Spouted bed reactor 40 First fluidized bed reactor 41, 51 Screw type unloader 50 Second Fluidized bed reactor

Claims (8)

噴流層反応器内に触媒粒子及び炭素源ガスを導入して、噴流層を形成しながら、炭素質微細繊維状体の平均粒径10〜200μmの微粒状凝集体を製造する工程と、
流動層反応器内に、炭素源ガスと前記噴流層反応器から取り出された該微粒状凝集体とを導入して、該微粒状凝集体の流動層を形成しながら該凝集体を成長させる工程と
を有することを特徴とする炭素質微細繊維状体の製造方法。
A step of introducing catalyst particles and a carbon source gas into a spouted bed reactor to produce fine aggregates having an average particle size of 10 to 200 μm of the carbonaceous fine fibrous body while forming a spouted bed;
A step of introducing the carbon source gas and the fine particulate aggregate taken out of the spouted bed reactor into a fluidized bed reactor and growing the aggregate while forming a fluidized bed of the fine particulate aggregate. A method for producing a carbonaceous fine fibrous body, comprising:
請求項1において、前記噴流層反応器で製造される微粒状凝集体の平均粒径が30〜100μmであることを特徴とする炭素質微細繊維状体の製造方法。2. The method for producing a carbonaceous fine fibrous body according to claim 1, wherein the average particle diameter of the finely divided aggregate produced in the spouted bed reactor is 30 to 100 [mu] m. 請求項1又は2において、前記流動層反応器で成長した微粒状凝集体の平均粒径が、前記噴流層反応器で製造された微粒状凝集体の平均粒径の2倍以下であることを特徴とする炭素質微細繊維状体の製造方法。3. The method according to claim 1, wherein an average particle diameter of the fine particle aggregate grown in the fluidized bed reactor is not more than twice an average particle diameter of the fine particle aggregate produced in the spouted bed reactor. A method for producing a characteristic carbonaceous fine fibrous body. 請求項3において、前記流動層反応器で成長した微粒状凝集体の平均粒径が、前記噴流層反応器で製造される微粒状凝集体の平均粒径の1.2〜2.0倍であることを特徴とする炭素質微細繊維状体の製造方法。The average particle diameter of the fine particle aggregate grown in the fluidized bed reactor according to claim 3, which is 1.2 to 2.0 times the average particle diameter of the fine particle aggregate produced in the spouted bed reactor. A method for producing a carbonaceous fine fibrous body, comprising: 請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項において、前記触媒粒子は、触媒成分が担体に担持された担持触媒粒子であり、該担持触媒粒子の平均粒径が1〜20μmであることを特徴とする炭素質微細繊維状体の製造方法。The catalyst particles according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the catalyst particles are supported catalyst particles in which a catalyst component is supported on a carrier, and the supported catalyst particles have an average particle size of 1 to 20 µm. A method for producing a carbonaceous fine fibrous body. 請求項1ないし5のいずれか1項において、前記炭素源ガスが炭化水素及び/又は水素と炭素酸化物とを含むことを特徴とする炭素質微細繊維状体の製造方法。The method for producing a carbonaceous fine fibrous body according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the carbon source gas contains a hydrocarbon and / or hydrogen and a carbon oxide. 請求項6において、前記炭素源ガスがメタン及び二酸化炭素を含むことを特徴とする炭素質微細繊維状体の製造方法。7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the carbon source gas contains methane and carbon dioxide. 請求項1ないし7のいずれか1項において、噴流層反応器及び流動層反応器における反応温度が400〜800℃であることを特徴とする炭素質微細繊維状体の製造方法。The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the reaction temperature in the spouted bed reactor and the fluidized bed reactor is 400 to 800 ° C.
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