JP2004018342A - Carbon nanotube, its producing method and catalyst for producing carbon nanotube - Google Patents

Carbon nanotube, its producing method and catalyst for producing carbon nanotube Download PDF

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JP2004018342A
JP2004018342A JP2002178451A JP2002178451A JP2004018342A JP 2004018342 A JP2004018342 A JP 2004018342A JP 2002178451 A JP2002178451 A JP 2002178451A JP 2002178451 A JP2002178451 A JP 2002178451A JP 2004018342 A JP2004018342 A JP 2004018342A
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catalyst metal
carbon nanotube
producing
carbon nanotubes
alternately arranged
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JP3782373B2 (en
Inventor
Yoshitaka Yamaguchi
山口 佳孝
Kenji Arinaga
有永 健児
Shozo Fujita
藤田 省三
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Fujitsu Ltd
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Fujitsu Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a high quality carbon nanotube controlled to be grown to a bundle and arranged independently one by one with high accuracy at a specified position and its efficient producing method. <P>SOLUTION: The carbon nanotube is produced by growing it on a catalyst metal existing on the cut face of a laminated material which is cut to expose a lamination structure of the laminated material which is alternately laminated with the catalyst metal and a material except the catalyst metal. It is preferable that cutting is performed in parallel to the lamination direction of the laminated material so that a cut piece having an alternately arranged cut surface, at which one dimensional structure between the catalyst metal and the material except the catalyst metal is alternately arranged, is formed, and that cutting is performed diagonally to the lamination direction of the laminated material so that the cut piece having an alternately arranged cut surface, at which one dimensional structure between the catalyst metal and the material except the catalyst metal is alternately arranged, is formed, and the like. The carbon nanotube is obtained by the producing method. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、バンドル状に成長することが抑制され、高精度に配列されたカーボンナノチューブを効率良く製造する方法、及び該製造方法により、所定の位置に1本1本が独立して高精度に配列した高品質なカーボンナノチューブ、並びに、該カーボンナノチューブの製造に好適なカーボンナノチューブ製造用触媒に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
カーボンナノチューブは、化学的安定性、金属的、半導体的な電気伝導性、高い電子放出能、高い機械的強度(高い弾性率)、及び高い熱伝導性など様々な優れた物性を有している。このような物性を利用して電界放出型電子放出素子、走査型プローブ顕微鏡(SPM)プローブ、触媒、構造強化材料、電池電極、センサー材料など各方面において応用の可能性が期待されている。このため、カーボンナノチューブのカイラルの制御や成長位置を制御する様々な検討が行われている。
【0003】
前記カーボンナノチューブの成長方法としては、アーク放電法、レーザー蒸発法、熱CVD法、プラズマCVD法などが挙げられる。これらの方法によりグラフェンシートが一層のみの単層カーボンナノチューブ(SWNT:SingleWall Nanotube)及び複数のグラフェンシートからなる多層カーボンナノチューブ(MWNT:Maluti Wall Nanotube)を得ることができる。いずれの方法においてもカーボンナノチューブを成長させるためには触媒金属(Fe、Co、Ni)が必要である。
【0004】
また、所定の位置に一定方向に配向したカーボンナノチューブを成長させることが検討されている。カーボンナノチューブの成長位置の制御は、触媒金属を所望の位置に配列させることが主流である。例えば、熱CVD法やプラズマCVD法において、触媒金属をレジスト材料に含有させて基板上に予めパターニングし、一定方向に電界をかけることにより、所定の位置に一定方向に配向したカーボンナノチューブを成長させることが実施されている。
【0005】
上記のように触媒金属をパターニングすることにより、カーボンナノチューブを所定の位置に一定方向に配向させて成長させることは可能となるが、現在の一般的なパターニング法では触媒金属のパターンは数μm〜数百nm程度の大きさに分割するのが限界である。このため、図8に示したように、触媒金属の各パターン上では、直径が数nm〜数百nmのカーボンナノチューブが、無秩序に無数に成長しており、場合によってはファンデルワールス力などで分子間結合したバンドル状(束状)のカーボンナノチューブが成長してしまう。このようにバンドル状に成長したカーボンナノチューブを1本1本切り分けるのは現状技術においては未だ困難であり、その結果、1本1本が独立したカーボンナノチューブとして利用し難いという問題があった。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、従来における諸問題を解決し、以下の目的を達成することを課題とする。即ち、本発明は、バンドル状に成長することが抑制され、所定の位置に1本1本が独立して高精度に配列したカーボンナノチューブの製造方法、及び該製造方法により得られ、所定の位置に1本1本が独立して高精度に配列した高品質なカーボンナノチューブ、並びに、該カーボンナノチューブの製造に好適なカーボンナノチューブ製造用触媒を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記課題を解決するために本発明者らが鋭意検討を重ねた結果、以下の知見を得た。即ち、バンドル状に成長することがなく、1本1本が独立して高精度に配列したカーボンナノチューブを得るためには触媒金属パターンの大きさをカーボンナノチューブの直径と同程度になるように制御し、かつ所定の位置に配列することが重要であるとの知見である。
【0008】
本発明は、前記知見に基づくものであり、前記課題を解決するための手段は、後述の(付記1)から(付記26)に記載の通りである。
本発明のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法は、触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料とを交互に積層してなる積層物に対しその積層構造が露出するように切断を行い、該積層物の切断面上の触媒金属にカーボンナノチューブを成長させることを特徴とする。本発明のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法においては、触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料とを交互に積層してなる積層物が、その積層構造が露出するように切断される。該積層物の切断面上の触媒金属にカーボンナノチューブが成長される。該切断面をカーボンナノチューブの成長面に用いることにで、バンドル状に成長することが抑えられ、所定の位置に1本1本が独立して高精度に配列した高品質なカーボンナノチューブが効率良く製造される。
本発明のカーボンナノチューブは、前記本発明のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法により得られる。このため、本発明のカーボンナノチューブは、バンドル状に成長することがなく、所定の位置に1本1本が独立して高精度に配列された状態で得られた高品質なものであるので、電界放出型電子放出素子、走査型プローブ顕微鏡(SPM)プローブ、触媒、構造強化材料、電池電極、センサー材料など各方面において広汎に利用可能である。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
(カーボンナノチューブ及びその製造方法並びにカーボンナノチューブ製造用触媒)
本発明のカーボンナノチューブは、本発明のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法により得られる。
本発明のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法においては、触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料とを交互に積層してなる積層物に対しその積層構造が露出するように切断を行い、該積層物の切断面上の触媒金属にカーボンナノチューブを成長させる。なお、本発明のカーボンナノチューブ製造用触媒は、前記積層物をその積層構造が露出するように切断してなるものである。
以下、本発明のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法の説明を通じて、本発明のカーボンナノチューブ及びカーボンナノチューブ製造用触媒の詳細も明らかにする。
【0010】
前記積層物は、触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料とを交互に積層してなる。
前記触媒金属としては、カーボンナノチューブの成長における触媒能を有するものであれば特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択できるが、遷移金属又は遷移金属化合物が好適である。
【0011】
前記遷移金属としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、例えば、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Co、Cu、Zn、Zr、Mo、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Cd、In、Sn、Sb、W、Re、Os、Ir、Pt又はこれら金属元素を含む合金などが挙げられる。これらは、1種単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。これらの中でも、高触媒活性を有する点からは、Fe、Co、Niが好ましい。
【0012】
前記遷移金属化合物としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、例えば、前記遷移金属の酸化物、前記遷移金属のハロゲン化物、前記遷移金属の水酸化物、前記遷移金属の硫酸塩、前記遷移金属の硝酸塩、などが挙げられる。これらは、1種単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
【0013】
前記積層物における触媒金属の層厚としては、カーボンナノチューブの直径と同程度の数nm〜数十nmが好ましく、0.4〜20nmがより好ましい。
前記積層物における触媒金属は、公知の蒸着法、スパッタリング法などにより積層することができ、これらの方法によりその層厚をカーボンナノチューブの直径と同程度の数nm〜数十nmに容易に調整することができる。
【0014】
前記触媒金属以外の材料としては、前記触媒金属と交互に成膜されて積層物を形成できるものであれば特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、SiO、Si、SiC、BN、SiON、Al、TiOなどが挙げられる。これらは、1種単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
【0015】
前記積層物における触媒金属以外の材料の層厚としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、例えば、1〜20,000nmが好ましく、200〜1,000nmがより好ましい。
前記積層物における触媒金属以外の材料は、公知の蒸着法、スパッタリング法などにより積層することができ、これらの方法によりその層厚を所望の範囲に容易に調整することができる。
【0016】
なお、前記積層物を基板上に形成する場合には、即ち、該基板上に前記触媒金属と前記触媒金属以外の材料とを交互に成膜し積層する場合には、前記触媒金属以外の材料として、該基板と同じ材料を用いることができる。
【0017】
前記基板の材料としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、シリカ(Si)基板、ガラス基板、石英基板、アルミナ基板、ポーラスシリカ基板、アルミナの陽極酸化板、などが好適に挙げられる。
なお、前記基板の表面は十分に清浄化することが望ましく、該基板のクリーニング方法としては、溶剤洗浄の他、コロナ処理、プラズマ処理、プラズマ灰化などの放電処理が好適に用いられる。また、いくつかのクリーニング方法を組合せて、洗浄効果を上げることもできる。
【0018】
前記積層物において、前記触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料とは交互に積層されるが、該積層数としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、前記触媒金属の層及び前記触媒金属以外の材料の層は、それぞれ1層以上であり、1〜3層が好ましい。
【0019】
前記切断は、前記積層物に対しその積層構造が露出するようにして行われる必要があるが、積層物の積層方向に対して平行に、触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料との一次元構造が交互に配列してなる交互配列切断面を有する切片が形成されるようにして行われる第一の態様、積層物の積層方向に対して斜めに、触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料との一次元構造が交互に配列してなる交互配列切断面を有する切片が形成されるようにして行われる第二の態様、積層物の1つを、該積層物の積層方向に平行な断面形状が略V字状になるように、かつ、触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料との一次元構造が交互に配列してなる交互配列切断面が2つ対向して露出するようにして行われる第三の態様、などが好適に挙げられる。
【0020】
前記第一の態様及び前記第二の態様においては、カーボンナノチューブの成長を、前記切片を基板上に配置させて行うことができる。なお、前記切片は、前記交互配列切断面を表及び裏の両面に有してなる。
【0021】
また、前記第一の態様、前記第二の態様及び前記第三の態様においては、前記交互配列切断面における、触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料との配列方向と直交方向にパターニングを行い、碁盤目状に触媒金属を配置させてなる碁盤目状切断面とすることが好ましい。この場合、前記触媒金属を一次元方向だけでなく、二次元方向にも規則正しく配列させることができ、その結果、バンドル形成を効果的に抑制することができ、一定の直径を有し、1本1本が独立して高精度に配列した高品質なカーボンナノチューブを得ることができる点で有利である。
なお、前記パターニングの方法としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、例えば、前記交互配列切断面に対し、公知のレジスト材料を塗布し、リソグラフィーによりパターニングする方法などが好適に挙げられる。
以上により得られた前記積層物の切断物が本発明のカーボンナノチューブ製造用触媒である。
【0022】
本発明においては、該交互配列切断面における触媒金属上にカーボンナノチューブを成長させるので、該触媒金属の層厚(層幅、露出幅、露出面積)がそのまま成長させるカーボンナノチューブの直径に対応する。このため、前記切断の際に該切断の角度を適宜変更することにより、前記交互配列切断面における前記触媒金属の層厚(層幅)を調整することができ、成長させるカーボンナノチューブの直径を調整することができる。
【0023】
前記切断の角度としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、前記積層物における積層方向に対し30〜60度であることが好ましい。
前記切断の方法としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、レーザー切断、FIB(フォーカスドイオンビーム)などが挙げられる。
【0024】
前記カーボンブラックの成長は、前記触媒金属上に行われるが、前記交互配列切断面の2つを互いに対向させて、該交互配列切断面の間に対向方向に電界をかけて行われる態様、などが好適に挙げられる。
前記カーボンブラックの成長を行う際の方法としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて公知の方法の中から適宜選択することができるが、例えば、CVD法(化学的気相成長法)、などが好適に挙げられる。
【0025】
前記CVD法(化学的気相成長法)としては、例えば、熱CVD(単にCVDとも呼ばれる)、ホットフィラメントCVD、プラズマエンハンストCVD(プラズマアシステッドCVD、プラズマCVDとも呼ばれる)、プラズマエンハンストホットフィラメントCVD、レーザーエンハンストCVD(レーザーCVDとも呼ばれる)、などが挙げられる。これらの中でも、熱CVD、プラズマCVDが好ましい。
【0026】
前記熱CVDは、フィラメント温度が300℃〜2000℃程度であり、フィラメントの熱により原料ガスの分解を促進するものである。
前記プラズマCVDは、プラズマの励起には通常高周波(RF)が好適に用いられるが、低周波、マイクロ波(MW)又は直流(DC)を用いることもできる。このプラズマにより原料ガスの分解を促進するものである。高周波プラズマの出力は0.1〜1000W/cm程度である。
【0027】
前記CVD法によりカーボンナノチューブを成長させる場合の条件としては、特に制限はなく、通常のCVD法によるカーボンナノチューブの製造方法と同様の条件を適宜採用することができる。
この場合、原料ガスの流量を制御して行うことが好ましく、該原料ガスとしては、炭素供給ガスと導入ガスとの混合ガスが好適に用いられる。
前記炭素供給ガスとしては、例えば、メタン、エチレン、アセチレン、ベンゼン、ブタン、イソプロパノール、C1016、CS、C60、などが挙げられる。
前記導入ガスとしては、例えば、水素、NH、などが挙げられる。
この場合、混合ガスの混合割合は、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、炭素供給ガスとしてメタンガスを用い、導入ガスとして水素ガスを用いた場合には、流量比でメタンガス:水素ガス=1〜5:9〜5の範囲であることが好ましい。
また、真空チャンバの圧力としては、1〜10Torrであることが好ましく、1〜3Torrであることがより好ましい。
【0028】
以上により、本発明のカーボンナノチューブが得られる。
本発明のカーボンナノチューブの構造としては、単層であってもよいし、多層であってもよい。
前記単層カーボンナノチューブ(SWNT)の直径としては、例えば、0.4〜3nm程度であり、長さとしては、例えば、10nm〜10μm程度である。前記多層カーボンナノチューブ(MWNT)の直径としては、例えば、3〜100nm程度であり、長さとしては、例えば、10nm〜10μm程度であり、層数としては、例えば、2〜100層程度である。
【0029】
次に、本発明のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法を具体的に実施した態様例について説明する。
例えば、図1(1)に示すように、触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料とを交互に成膜した積層物10を、該積層物の積層方向に対して平行に切断し、図1(2)に示すように、所定の厚みbで触媒金属の一次元配列構造物20(切片)を切出す。次に、図1(3)に示すように、前記一次元配列構造物20(切片)の切断面が表裏となるように基板30上の所定の位置に配置し、図1(4)に示すように、前記一次元配列構造物20に対し垂直方向に電界をかけてカーボンナノチューブ40を成長させることができる。
【0030】
また、図2(1),(2)に示すように、触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料とを交互に成膜してなる積層物10の積層方向に対して斜めに切断し、得られた触媒金属の一次元配列構造物(切断物)20をそのまま用いて、図2(3)に示すように、触媒金属の一次元配列構造物(切断物)20の積層方向に対し垂直方向に電界をかけて斜め切断面25でカーボンナノチューブを成長させることができる。
【0031】
また、図3(1)に示すように、触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料とを交互に成膜した積層物10を、該積層物10の積層方向に対して斜めに切断する。図3(2)に示すように、2個の触媒金属の一次元配列構造物(切断物)20を斜め切断面25が対峙するように配置する。図3(3)に示すように、前記積層物に対し水平方向に電界をかけて触媒金属の一次元配列構造物(切断物)20の斜め切断面間を橋渡すようにして、カーボンナノチューブ40を成長させることができる。
【0032】
本発明のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法により得られる本発明のカーボンナノチューブは、バンドル状に成長することが抑制され、所定の位置に1本1本が独立して高精度に配列している。このため、本発明のカーボンナノチューブは、例えば、電解放出型ディスプレイ、蛍光表示ランプ等の電子材料、燃料電池、リチウムイオン電池等のエネルギー材料、強化プラスチック、帯電防止材、強化プラスチック等の複合材料、ナノデバイス、走査型プローブ顕微鏡(SPM)の探針、DNAチップ等のナノテクノロジー材料として幅広く用いることができる。
【0033】
これらの中でも、図4に示したように、標的生体高分子に結合乃至相互作用可能な結合部をカーボンナノチューブの先端に有する生体高分子検出装置におけるカーボンナノチューブとして特に好適に用いることができる。図4に示した生体高分子検出装置は、所定の位置に1本1本が独立して高精度に配列しているカーボンナノチューブの先端の結合部(抗体)が標的生体高分子と結合した際の振動変化を検出することにより、試料中に存在する標的生体高分子を容易にかつ確実に検出可能であり、効率良く病気の診断等を行うことが可能である。
【0034】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例を説明するが、本発明は、これらの実施例に何ら限定されるものではない。
【0035】
(実施例1)
図1を参照しながら実施例1のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法について説明する。
まず、シリコン基板上に鉄とSiOとを蒸着により交互に3層づつ成膜して積層物10を得た。得られた積層物10をレーザー切断により、該積層物の積層方向に対して平行に切断し、1.3nm幅の触媒金属の一次元配列構造物20(切片)を作製した。得られた一次元配列構造物20をその切断面が表裏となるように、シリコン基板30上の所定の位置に配置した。プラズマCVD法により、シリコン基板に対して垂直方向に電界をかけてカーボンナノチューブを成長させた。
なお、プラズマCVD法は、図5に示すようなプラズマCVD装置1を用いて、励起源として2.45GHzのマイクロ波電源7を用い、真空チャンバ3内にシリコン基板を配置し、圧力2Torr、H流量/CH流量=80sccm/20sccmの条件で、直流バイアス160Vを基板に印加し、5〜30分間成長させて行った。
得られたカーボンナノチューブの形成状態を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で観察したところ、図6に示すように、基板に対して略垂直方向に1本1本が独立して立設し、バンドルの発生は認められなかった。
【0036】
(比較例1)
実施例1において、積層物10を用いずに鉄の被覆膜上にカーボンナノチューブを成長させた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてカーボンナノチューブを成長させた。
得られたカーボンナノチューブの形成状態を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で観察したところ、図7に示すように、カーボンナノチューブが無秩序に無数成長しており、バンドル状となったカーボンナノチューブが観察できた。
【0037】
ここで、本発明の好ましい態様を付記すると、以下の通りである。
(付記1) 触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料とを交互に積層してなる積層物に対しその積層構造が露出するように切断を行い、該積層物の切断面上の触媒金属にカーボンナノチューブを成長させることを特徴とするカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。
(付記2) 切断が、積層物の積層方向に対して平行に、触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料との一次元構造が交互に配列してなる交互配列切断面を有する切片が形成されるようにして行われる付記1に記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。
(付記3) 切断が、積層物の積層方向に対して斜めに、触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料との一次元構造が交互に配列してなる交互配列切断面を有する切片が形成されるようにして行われる付記1に記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。
(付記4) 切片が、交互配列切断面を表及び裏の両面に有してなり、該切片が、基板上に配置される付記2又は3に記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。
(付記5) 交互配列切断面の2つを互いに対向させて、該交互配列切断面の間に対向方向に電界をかけてカーボンナノチューブを成長させる付記2から4のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。
(付記6) 切断が、積層物の1つを、該積層物の積層方向に平行な断面形状が略V字状になるように、かつ、触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料との一次元構造が交互に配列してなる交互配列切断面が2つ対向して露出するようにして行われる付記1に記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。
(付記7) 2つの交互配列切断面の間に、該交互配列切断面の対向方向に電界をかけてカーボンナノチューブを成長させる付記6に記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。
(付記8) 切断の角度により、交互配列切断面における触媒金属の層幅が調整される付記2から7のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。
(付記9) 交互配列切断面における触媒金属の層幅が、カーボンナノチューブの直径と略同じ大きさである付記2から8のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。
(付記10) 触媒金属の層幅が、数nm〜数十nmである付記8又は9に記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。
(付記11) 交互配列切断面における、触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料との配列方向と直交方向にパターニングを行い、碁盤目状に触媒金属を配置させてなる碁盤目状切断面とし、該碁盤目状切断面における触媒金属にカーボンナノチューブを成長させる付記2から10のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。
(付記12) 触媒金属が、遷移金属及び遷移金属化合物から選択される付記1から11のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。
(付記13) 遷移金属が、Fe、Co及びNiから選択される付記12に記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。
(付記14) 積層物における触媒金属が、蒸着及びスパッタリングのいずれかの方法で成膜された付記1から13のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。
(付記15) 積層物における触媒金属以外の材料が、蒸着及びスパッタリングのいずれかの方法で成膜された付記1から14のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。
(付記16) 触媒金属以外の材料が、SiO、Si、SiON、SiC、Al、TiO及びBNから選択される付記1から15のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。
(付記17) CVD法によりカーボンナノチューブを成長させる付記1から16のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。
(付記18) CVD法が、プラズマCVD法及び熱CVD法から選択される付記17に記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。
(付記19) 付記1から18のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法により得られることを特徴とするカーボンナノチューブ。
(付記20) 単層カーボンナノチューブ及び多層カーボンナノチューブのいずれかである付記19に記載のカーボンナノチューブ。
(付記21) 触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料とを交互に積層してなる積層物を、その積層構造が露出するように切断してなることを特徴とするカーボンナノチューブ製造用触媒。
(付記22) 切断が、積層物の積層方向に対して平行及び斜めのいずれかの方向に、触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料との一次元構造が交互に配列してなる交互配列切断面を有する切片が形成されるようにして行われる付記21に記載のカーボンナノチューブ製造用触媒。
(付記23) 触媒金属の層幅が、数nm〜数十nmである付記22に記載のカーボンナノチューブ製造用触媒。
(付記24) 交互配列切断面が、触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料との配列方向と直交方向にパターニングが行われ、碁盤目状に触媒金属を配置させてなる碁盤目状切断面とされた付記22に記載のカーボンナノチューブ製造用触媒。
(付記25) 触媒金属が、遷移金属及び遷移金属化合物から選択される付記21から24のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブ製造用触媒。
(付記26) 触媒金属以外の材料が、SiO、Si、SiON、SiC、Al、TiO及びBNから選択される付記21から25のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブ製造用触媒。
【0038】
【発明の効果】
本発明によると、従来における諸問題を解決することができ、バンドル状に成長することが抑制され、所定の位置に高精度に配列されたカーボンナノチューブを効率良く製造する方法、及び該製造方法により得られ、所定の位置に1本1本が独立して高精度に配列した高品質なカーボンナノチューブ、並びに該カーボンナノチューブの製造に好適なカーボンナノチューブ製造用触媒を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1は、本発明のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法の一例を段階的に示す概略説明図である。
【図2】図2は、本発明のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法の一例を段階的に示す概略説明図である。
【図3】図3は、本発明のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法の一例を段階的に示す概略説明図である。
【図4】図4は、本発明のカーボンナノチューブを生体高分子検出装置に応用した一例を示す概略斜視図である。
【図5】図5は、実施例で用いたプラズマCVD装置の一例を示す概略説明図である。
【図6】図6は、実施例1のカーボンナノチューブの形成状態を示すSEM写真である。
【図7】図7は、比較例1のカーボンナノチューブの形成状態を示すSEM写真である。
【図8】図8は、従来のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法の一例を示す概略斜視図である。
【符号の説明】
1  プラズマCVD装置
3  チャンバ
5  ガスボンベ
7  マイクロ波電源
10  積層物
20  触媒金属の一次元配列構造物
25  斜め切断面
30  基板
40  カーボンナノチューブ
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a method for efficiently manufacturing carbon nanotubes arranged with high precision in which growth in a bundle is suppressed, and by the manufacturing method, each of the carbon nanotubes is independently and precisely positioned at a predetermined position. The present invention relates to aligned high-quality carbon nanotubes and a catalyst for producing carbon nanotubes suitable for producing the carbon nanotubes.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Carbon nanotubes have various excellent physical properties such as chemical stability, metallic and semiconductive electrical conductivity, high electron emission ability, high mechanical strength (high elastic modulus), and high thermal conductivity. . Utilizing such physical properties, application possibilities are expected in various fields such as field emission electron-emitting devices, scanning probe microscope (SPM) probes, catalysts, structural reinforcing materials, battery electrodes, and sensor materials. For this reason, various studies have been made to control the chiral and growth positions of carbon nanotubes.
[0003]
Examples of the method for growing the carbon nanotube include an arc discharge method, a laser evaporation method, a thermal CVD method, and a plasma CVD method. By these methods, a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT: Single Wall Nanotube) having only one graphene sheet and a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT: Multiwall Nanotube) composed of a plurality of graphene sheets can be obtained. In any method, a catalyst metal (Fe, Co, Ni) is required to grow carbon nanotubes.
[0004]
In addition, it has been studied to grow carbon nanotubes oriented in a predetermined direction at predetermined positions. Controlling the growth position of carbon nanotubes is mainly performed by arranging catalyst metals at desired positions. For example, in a thermal CVD method or a plasma CVD method, a catalytic metal is contained in a resist material and patterned in advance on a substrate, and an electric field is applied in a certain direction to grow carbon nanotubes oriented in a certain direction at a predetermined position. Has been implemented.
[0005]
By patterning the catalyst metal as described above, it is possible to grow the carbon nanotubes at a predetermined position in a predetermined direction, but the pattern of the catalyst metal is several μm or less in the current general patterning method. The limit is to divide into several hundred nm. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 8, on each pattern of the catalyst metal, carbon nanotubes having a diameter of several nm to several hundreds nm grow randomly and innumerably, and in some cases, due to van der Waals force or the like. Bundle-shaped (bundle-shaped) carbon nanotubes with intermolecular bonds grow. It is still difficult in the state of the art to separate the carbon nanotubes grown in a bundle like this one by one, and as a result, there is a problem that it is difficult to use each one as an independent carbon nanotube.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to solve the conventional problems and achieve the following objects. That is, the present invention provides a method for producing a carbon nanotube in which the growth in a bundle is suppressed, and each of the carbon nanotubes is independently arranged at a predetermined position with high precision, and a method for producing the carbon nanotube is provided. It is an object of the present invention to provide high-quality carbon nanotubes, each of which is independently arranged with high precision, and a catalyst for producing carbon nanotubes, which is suitable for producing such carbon nanotubes.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies by the present inventors to solve the above problems, the following findings were obtained. In other words, in order to obtain carbon nanotubes which are arranged individually and with high precision without growing in bundles, the size of the catalyst metal pattern is controlled to be about the same as the diameter of the carbon nanotubes. And that it is important to arrange them at predetermined positions.
[0008]
The present invention is based on the above findings, and the means for solving the above problems are as described in (Appendix 1) to (Appendix 26) described later.
The method for producing carbon nanotubes according to the present invention is characterized in that a laminate formed by alternately laminating a catalyst metal and a material other than a catalyst metal is cut so that the laminate structure is exposed, and the cut surface of the laminate is cut off. It is characterized in that carbon nanotubes are grown on the catalyst metal. In the method for producing carbon nanotubes of the present invention, a laminate formed by alternately laminating a catalyst metal and a material other than the catalyst metal is cut so that the laminated structure is exposed. Carbon nanotubes are grown on the catalytic metal on the cut surface of the laminate. By using the cut surface as a growth surface for carbon nanotubes, growth in a bundle shape is suppressed, and high-quality carbon nanotubes in which individual ones are independently arranged at predetermined positions with high accuracy can be efficiently produced. Manufactured.
The carbon nanotube of the present invention is obtained by the method for producing a carbon nanotube of the present invention. For this reason, the carbon nanotubes of the present invention do not grow in a bundle and are high-quality ones obtained in a state where each one is independently and precisely arranged at a predetermined position. It can be widely used in various fields such as field emission type electron emission devices, scanning probe microscope (SPM) probes, catalysts, structural reinforcing materials, battery electrodes, and sensor materials.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
(Carbon nanotube, method for producing the same, and catalyst for producing carbon nanotube)
The carbon nanotube of the present invention is obtained by the method for producing a carbon nanotube of the present invention.
In the method for producing carbon nanotubes of the present invention, a laminate formed by alternately laminating a catalyst metal and a material other than the catalyst metal is cut so that the laminate structure is exposed, and the cut surface of the laminate is Carbon nanotubes are grown on the catalyst metal. The catalyst for producing carbon nanotubes of the present invention is obtained by cutting the laminate so that the laminate structure is exposed.
Hereinafter, the details of the carbon nanotubes and the catalyst for producing carbon nanotubes of the present invention will be clarified through the description of the method for producing carbon nanotubes of the present invention.
[0010]
The laminate is formed by alternately laminating a catalyst metal and a material other than the catalyst metal.
The catalyst metal is not particularly limited as long as it has a catalytic ability in the growth of carbon nanotubes, and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. A transition metal or a transition metal compound is preferable.
[0011]
The transition metal is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Examples thereof include Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Zr, Mo, and Ru. , Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt or alloys containing these metal elements. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, Fe, Co, and Ni are preferable from the viewpoint of having high catalytic activity.
[0012]
The transition metal compound is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose.For example, the transition metal oxide, the transition metal halide, the transition metal hydroxide, the transition metal Sulfates of metals, nitrates of the transition metals, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0013]
The layer thickness of the catalyst metal in the laminate is preferably several nm to several tens nm, which is almost the same as the diameter of the carbon nanotube, and more preferably 0.4 to 20 nm.
The catalyst metal in the laminate can be laminated by a known vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, or the like, and the thickness of the layer is easily adjusted to several nm to several tens nm, which is approximately the same as the diameter of the carbon nanotube, by these methods. be able to.
[0014]
The material other than the catalyst metal is not particularly limited as long as it can form a laminate by being alternately formed with the catalyst metal, and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. 2 , Si 3 N 4 , SiC, BN, SiON, Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 And the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0015]
The layer thickness of the material other than the catalyst metal in the laminate is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. For example, 1 to 20,000 nm is preferable, and 200 to 1,000 nm is more preferable. .
Materials other than the catalyst metal in the laminate can be laminated by a known vapor deposition method, sputtering method, or the like, and the layer thickness can be easily adjusted to a desired range by these methods.
[0016]
When the laminate is formed on a substrate, that is, when the catalyst metal and the material other than the catalyst metal are alternately formed and laminated on the substrate, the material other than the catalyst metal is used. , The same material as the substrate can be used.
[0017]
The material of the substrate is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. Examples thereof include a silica (Si) substrate, a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, an alumina substrate, a porous silica substrate, an alumina anodic oxide plate, And the like.
It is desirable that the surface of the substrate be sufficiently cleaned. As a method for cleaning the substrate, a discharge treatment such as a corona treatment, a plasma treatment, or a plasma ashing is suitably used in addition to the solvent washing. In addition, some cleaning methods can be combined to enhance the cleaning effect.
[0018]
In the laminate, the catalyst metal and the material other than the catalyst metal are alternately laminated, but the number of layers is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. The layer and the layer of a material other than the catalyst metal are each at least one layer, and preferably 1 to 3 layers.
[0019]
The cutting needs to be performed so that the laminated structure is exposed to the laminate, but the one-dimensional structure of the catalyst metal and the material other than the catalyst metal is parallel to the lamination direction of the laminate. The first mode in which the slices having the alternately arranged cutting planes arranged alternately are formed, one dimension of the catalyst metal and the material other than the catalyst metal obliquely to the lamination direction of the laminate. In the second mode, in which a piece having an alternately arranged cut surface in which the structures are alternately arranged is formed, one of the laminates is formed by a method in which a cross-sectional shape parallel to the laminating direction of the laminate is substantially V. A third embodiment is performed in such a manner that two alternately arranged cut surfaces in which a one-dimensional structure of a catalyst metal and a material other than the catalyst metal are alternately arranged are exposed to face each other so as to form a letter shape. And the like.
[0020]
In the first aspect and the second aspect, the carbon nanotubes can be grown by disposing the slices on a substrate. The section has the alternately arranged cut surface on both the front and back surfaces.
[0021]
In the first aspect, the second aspect, and the third aspect, patterning is performed in a direction orthogonal to an arrangement direction of a catalyst metal and a material other than the catalyst metal on the alternately arranged cut surface, It is preferable to form a grid-shaped cut surface in which the catalyst metal is arranged in a grid pattern. In this case, the catalyst metals can be regularly arranged not only in one-dimensional direction but also in two-dimensional direction. As a result, bundle formation can be effectively suppressed, and the catalyst metal has a certain diameter. This is advantageous in that it is possible to obtain high-quality carbon nanotubes in which one is independently arranged with high precision.
The patterning method is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Examples thereof include a method in which a known resist material is applied to the cross-section of the alternating arrangement, and patterning is performed by lithography. Are preferred.
The cut product of the laminate obtained as described above is the catalyst for producing carbon nanotubes of the present invention.
[0022]
In the present invention, since the carbon nanotubes are grown on the catalyst metal at the alternately cut section, the layer thickness (layer width, exposed width, exposed area) of the catalyst metal corresponds to the diameter of the carbon nanotube to be grown as it is. Therefore, by appropriately changing the angle of the cutting at the time of the cutting, the layer thickness (layer width) of the catalyst metal on the alternately arranged cut surface can be adjusted, and the diameter of the carbon nanotube to be grown is adjusted. can do.
[0023]
The angle of the cutting is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose; however, it is preferably 30 to 60 degrees with respect to the laminating direction in the laminate.
The cutting method is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Examples thereof include laser cutting and FIB (focused ion beam).
[0024]
The carbon black is grown on the catalytic metal, but the two alternately arranged cut surfaces are opposed to each other, and an electric field is applied between the alternately arranged cut surfaces in a facing direction, and the like. Are preferred.
The method for growing the carbon black is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected from known methods depending on the purpose. Examples thereof include a CVD method (chemical vapor deposition) and the like. Are preferred.
[0025]
As the CVD method (chemical vapor deposition method), for example, thermal CVD (also simply called CVD), hot filament CVD, plasma enhanced CVD (also called plasma assisted CVD or plasma CVD), plasma enhanced hot filament CVD, Laser enhanced CVD (also referred to as laser CVD). Among these, thermal CVD and plasma CVD are preferable.
[0026]
In the thermal CVD, the filament temperature is about 300 ° C. to 2000 ° C., and the decomposition of the source gas is promoted by the heat of the filament.
In the plasma CVD, a high frequency (RF) is generally suitably used for exciting the plasma, but a low frequency, a microwave (MW), or a direct current (DC) can also be used. This plasma promotes decomposition of the source gas. The output of the high-frequency plasma is 0.1 to 1000 W / cm 3 It is about.
[0027]
The conditions for growing the carbon nanotubes by the CVD method are not particularly limited, and the same conditions as in the method for producing carbon nanotubes by the normal CVD method can be appropriately employed.
In this case, it is preferable to control the flow rate of the raw material gas. As the raw material gas, a mixed gas of a carbon supply gas and an introduction gas is suitably used.
Examples of the carbon supply gas include methane, ethylene, acetylene, benzene, butane, isopropanol, C 10 H 16 , CS 2 , C 60 , And the like.
As the introduced gas, for example, hydrogen, NH 3 , And the like.
In this case, the mixing ratio of the mixed gas is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, when methane gas is used as the carbon supply gas and hydrogen gas is used as the introduction gas, the flow ratio And methane gas: hydrogen gas = 1 to 5: 9 to 5 is preferable.
Further, the pressure of the vacuum chamber is preferably 1 to 10 Torr, more preferably 1 to 3 Torr.
[0028]
Thus, the carbon nanotube of the present invention is obtained.
The structure of the carbon nanotube of the present invention may be a single layer or a multilayer.
The single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) has a diameter of, for example, about 0.4 to 3 nm, and a length of, for example, about 10 nm to 10 μm. The diameter of the multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) is, for example, about 3 to 100 nm, the length is, for example, about 10 nm to 10 μm, and the number of layers is, for example, about 2 to 100 layers.
[0029]
Next, an embodiment in which the method for producing carbon nanotubes of the present invention is specifically implemented will be described.
For example, as shown in FIG. 1A, a laminate 10 in which a catalyst metal and a material other than a catalyst metal are alternately formed is cut in parallel to the lamination direction of the laminate, As shown in (1), a one-dimensional array structure 20 (section) of the catalyst metal is cut out at a predetermined thickness b. Next, as shown in FIG. 1 (3), the one-dimensional array structure 20 (section) is arranged at a predetermined position on the substrate 30 so that the cut surface is the front and back, and is shown in FIG. 1 (4). As described above, the carbon nanotubes 40 can be grown by applying an electric field to the one-dimensional array structure 20 in the vertical direction.
[0030]
Further, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the laminate was cut obliquely with respect to the laminating direction of a laminate 10 in which a catalyst metal and a material other than the catalyst metal were alternately formed. As shown in FIG. 2C, the one-dimensional array structure (cut) of the catalyst metal is used as it is, and an electric field is applied in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction of the one-dimensional array structure (cut) of the catalyst metal. And the carbon nanotubes can be grown on the oblique cut surface 25.
[0031]
Further, as shown in FIG. 3A, the laminate 10 in which the catalyst metal and the material other than the catalyst metal are alternately formed is cut obliquely with respect to the lamination direction of the laminate 10. As shown in FIG. 3B, two one-dimensionally arranged structures (cut pieces) 20 of the catalyst metal are arranged so that the oblique cut surfaces 25 face each other. As shown in FIG. 3 (3), an electric field is applied to the laminate in the horizontal direction so as to bridge between the diagonally cut surfaces of the one-dimensional array structure (cut) 20 of the catalytic metal, and to form carbon nanotubes 40. Can grow.
[0032]
The carbon nanotubes of the present invention obtained by the method for producing carbon nanotubes of the present invention are prevented from growing in a bundle, and are individually and precisely arranged at predetermined positions. Therefore, the carbon nanotubes of the present invention include, for example, electronic materials such as field emission displays and fluorescent display lamps, energy materials such as fuel cells and lithium ion batteries, reinforced plastics, antistatic materials, and composite materials such as reinforced plastics. It can be widely used as a nanotechnology material such as a nanodevice, a probe of a scanning probe microscope (SPM), and a DNA chip.
[0033]
Among them, as shown in FIG. 4, it can be particularly suitably used as a carbon nanotube in a biopolymer detection device having a binding portion capable of binding or interacting with a target biopolymer at the tip of the carbon nanotube. The biopolymer detection device shown in FIG. 4 is used when a bonding portion (antibody) at the tip of a carbon nanotube, which is individually arranged at a predetermined position independently and with high precision, is bonded to a target biopolymer. By detecting the change in vibration of the target, the target biopolymer present in the sample can be easily and reliably detected, and the diagnosis of a disease or the like can be performed efficiently.
[0034]
【Example】
Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0035]
(Example 1)
With reference to FIG. 1, a method for manufacturing a carbon nanotube of Example 1 will be described.
First, iron and SiO on a silicon substrate 2 Were alternately formed into three layers by vapor deposition to obtain a laminate 10. The obtained laminate 10 was cut by laser cutting in parallel with the lamination direction of the laminate to prepare a one-dimensional array structure 20 (section) of the catalyst metal having a width of 1.3 nm. The obtained one-dimensional array structure 20 was arranged at a predetermined position on the silicon substrate 30 so that the cut surface was turned to the front and back. The carbon nanotubes were grown by applying an electric field in a direction perpendicular to the silicon substrate by the plasma CVD method.
In the plasma CVD method, a plasma CVD apparatus 1 as shown in FIG. 5 is used, a microwave power supply 7 of 2.45 GHz is used as an excitation source, a silicon substrate is placed in a vacuum chamber 3, and a pressure of 2 Torr, H 2 Flow rate / CH 4 At a flow rate of 80 sccm / 20 sccm, a DC bias of 160 V was applied to the substrate, and the substrate was grown for 5 to 30 minutes.
When the formed state of the carbon nanotubes was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), as shown in FIG. 6, each of the carbon nanotubes was erected independently in a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate, and No outbreak was observed.
[0036]
(Comparative Example 1)
Carbon nanotubes were grown in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the carbon nanotubes were grown on the iron coating film without using the laminate 10.
Observation of the formation state of the obtained carbon nanotubes with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that, as shown in FIG. 7, the carbon nanotubes grew randomly and innumerably, and the bundled carbon nanotubes could be observed. .
[0037]
Here, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are as follows.
(Supplementary Note 1) A laminate formed by alternately laminating a catalyst metal and a material other than the catalyst metal is cut so that the laminated structure is exposed, and carbon nanotubes are applied to the catalyst metal on the cut surface of the laminate. A method for producing carbon nanotubes, which comprises growing.
(Supplementary Note 2) The cutting is performed in such a manner that a slice having an alternately arranged cut surface in which a one-dimensional structure of a catalyst metal and a material other than the catalyst metal are alternately arranged in parallel with the stacking direction of the stack is formed. The method for producing carbon nanotubes according to supplementary note 1, wherein the method is performed.
(Supplementary Note 3) The cutting is performed obliquely to the laminating direction of the laminate so that a slice having an alternately arranged cut surface in which a one-dimensional structure of a catalyst metal and a material other than the catalyst metal are alternately arranged is formed. The method for producing carbon nanotubes according to supplementary note 1, wherein the method is performed.
(Supplementary Note 4) The method for producing a carbon nanotube according to Supplementary Note 2 or 3, wherein the slices have alternately arranged cut surfaces on both front and rear sides, and the slices are arranged on a substrate.
(Supplementary note 5) The carbon nanotube according to any one of Supplementary notes 2 to 4, wherein two of the alternately arranged cut surfaces are opposed to each other, and an electric field is applied between the alternately arranged cut surfaces in the facing direction to grow the carbon nanotube. Production method.
(Supplementary Note 6) The one-dimensional structure of one of the laminates is cut so that the cross-sectional shape parallel to the lamination direction of the laminate is substantially V-shaped, and the catalyst metal and a material other than the catalyst metal are cut. 2. The method for producing carbon nanotubes according to claim 1, wherein two alternately arranged cut surfaces in which the carbon nanotubes are alternately arranged are exposed to face each other.
(Supplementary note 7) The method for producing carbon nanotubes according to supplementary note 6, wherein an electric field is applied between the two alternately arranged cut planes in a direction opposite to the alternately arranged cut planes to grow the carbon nanotubes.
(Supplementary note 8) The method for producing a carbon nanotube according to any one of Supplementary notes 2 to 7, wherein the layer width of the catalyst metal on the alternately arranged cut surface is adjusted by the cutting angle.
(Supplementary note 9) The method for producing carbon nanotubes according to any one of Supplementary notes 2 to 8, wherein a layer width of the catalyst metal on the alternately arranged cut surface is substantially the same as a diameter of the carbon nanotube.
(Supplementary Note 10) The method for producing a carbon nanotube according to Supplementary Note 8 or 9, wherein the catalyst metal has a layer width of several nm to several tens nm.
(Supplementary Note 11) Patterning is performed in a direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction of the catalyst metal and the material other than the catalyst metal on the alternately arranged cut surface to form a grid-shaped cut surface in which the catalyst metal is arranged in a grid pattern. 11. The method for producing a carbon nanotube according to any one of supplementary notes 2 to 10, wherein the carbon nanotube is grown on the catalyst metal at the eye-shaped cut surface.
(Supplementary Note 12) The method for producing a carbon nanotube according to any one of Supplementary Notes 1 to 11, wherein the catalyst metal is selected from a transition metal and a transition metal compound.
(Supplementary note 13) The method for producing a carbon nanotube according to supplementary note 12, wherein the transition metal is selected from Fe, Co, and Ni.
(Supplementary note 14) The method for producing a carbon nanotube according to any one of Supplementary notes 1 to 13, wherein the catalyst metal in the laminate is formed by any one of a vapor deposition method and a sputtering method.
(Supplementary Note 15) The method for producing a carbon nanotube according to any one of Supplementary Notes 1 to 14, wherein a material other than the catalyst metal in the laminate is formed by any one of vapor deposition and sputtering.
(Supplementary Note 16) The material other than the catalyst metal is SiO 2 , Si 3 N 4 , SiON, SiC, Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 16. The method for producing a carbon nanotube according to any one of supplementary notes 1 to 15, wherein the carbon nanotube is selected from BN and BN.
(Supplementary note 17) The method for producing a carbon nanotube according to any one of supplementary notes 1 to 16, wherein the carbon nanotubes are grown by a CVD method.
(Supplementary note 18) The method for producing carbon nanotubes according to supplementary note 17, wherein the CVD method is selected from a plasma CVD method and a thermal CVD method.
(Supplementary Note 19) A carbon nanotube obtained by the method for producing a carbon nanotube according to any one of Supplementary Notes 1 to 18.
(Supplementary Note 20) The carbon nanotube according to supplementary note 19, which is one of a single-walled carbon nanotube and a multi-walled carbon nanotube.
(Supplementary Note 21) A catalyst for producing carbon nanotubes, which is obtained by cutting a laminate obtained by alternately laminating a catalyst metal and a material other than the catalyst metal so that the laminated structure is exposed.
(Supplementary Note 22) The cutting is performed by alternately arranging the cut surface in which the one-dimensional structure of the catalyst metal and the material other than the catalyst metal is alternately arranged in any direction parallel or oblique to the stacking direction of the stack. 22. The catalyst for producing carbon nanotube according to Supplementary Note 21, wherein the catalyst is performed so that a piece having the same is formed.
(Supplementary note 23) The carbon nanotube production catalyst according to Supplementary note 22, wherein the catalyst metal has a layer width of several nm to several tens of nm.
(Supplementary Note 24) The alternately arranged cut surface was patterned in the direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction of the catalyst metal and the material other than the catalyst metal, and was formed as a grid cut surface in which the catalyst metal was arranged in a grid pattern. 23. The catalyst for producing a carbon nanotube according to supplementary note 22.
(Supplementary Note 25) The catalyst for producing a carbon nanotube according to any one of Supplementary Notes 21 to 24, wherein the catalyst metal is selected from a transition metal and a transition metal compound.
(Supplementary Note 26) The material other than the catalyst metal is SiO 2 , Si 3 N 4 , SiON, SiC, Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 26. The catalyst for producing a carbon nanotube according to any one of supplementary notes 21 to 25, selected from BN and BN.
[0038]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the conventional problems can be solved, the growth in a bundle is suppressed, and a method for efficiently producing carbon nanotubes arranged at a predetermined position with high accuracy, and the production method Thus, it is possible to provide a high-quality carbon nanotube in which individual carbon nanotubes are independently arranged at predetermined positions with high precision, and a catalyst for producing carbon nanotubes suitable for producing the carbon nanotube.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view showing stepwise an example of a method for producing a carbon nanotube of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory view showing stepwise an example of the method for producing a carbon nanotube of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic explanatory view showing stepwise an example of the method for producing a carbon nanotube of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view showing an example in which the carbon nanotube of the present invention is applied to a biopolymer detection device.
FIG. 5 is a schematic explanatory view showing an example of a plasma CVD apparatus used in the embodiment.
FIG. 6 is an SEM photograph showing the formation state of the carbon nanotube of Example 1.
FIG. 7 is an SEM photograph showing the formation state of the carbon nanotube of Comparative Example 1.
FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of a conventional method for producing a carbon nanotube.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Plasma CVD equipment
3 chamber
5 gas cylinders
7 Microwave power supply
10 Laminate
20 One-dimensional catalyst metal structure
25 Diagonal cut surface
30 substrates
40 carbon nanotubes

Claims (10)

触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料とを交互に積層してなる積層物に対しその積層構造が露出するように切断を行い、該積層物の切断面上の触媒金属にカーボンナノチューブを成長させることを特徴とするカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。Cutting is performed so that the laminate structure is exposed to a laminate formed by alternately laminating a catalyst metal and a material other than the catalyst metal, and growing carbon nanotubes on the catalyst metal on the cut surface of the laminate. A method for producing a carbon nanotube, which is characterized by: 切断が、積層物の積層方向に対して平行に、触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料との一次元構造が交互に配列してなる交互配列切断面を有する切片が形成されるようにして行われる請求項1に記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。The cutting is performed in such a manner that a slice having an alternately arranged cut surface in which a one-dimensional structure of a catalyst metal and a material other than the catalyst metal are alternately arranged is formed in parallel with the stacking direction of the stack. A method for producing a carbon nanotube according to claim 1. 切断が、積層物の積層方向に対して斜めに、触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料との一次元構造が交互に配列してなる交互配列切断面を有する切片が形成されるようにして行われる請求項1に記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。The cutting is performed obliquely with respect to the laminating direction of the laminate so that a piece having an alternately arranged cut surface in which a one-dimensional structure of a catalyst metal and a material other than the catalyst metal are alternately arranged is formed. A method for producing a carbon nanotube according to claim 1. 切片が、交互配列切断面を表及び裏の両面に有してなり、該切片が、基板上に配置される請求項2又は3に記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。The method for producing carbon nanotubes according to claim 2, wherein the slices have alternately arranged cut surfaces on both front and rear surfaces, and the slices are arranged on a substrate. 交互配列切断面の2つを互いに対向させて、該交互配列切断面の間に対向方向に電界をかけてカーボンナノチューブを成長させる請求項2から4のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。The method for producing carbon nanotubes according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein two of the alternately arranged cut surfaces are opposed to each other, and an electric field is applied between the alternately arranged cut surfaces in an opposite direction to grow the carbon nanotubes. 切断が、積層物の1つを、該積層物の積層方向に平行な断面形状が略V字状になるように、かつ、触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料との一次元構造が交互に配列してなる交互配列切断面が2つ対向して露出するようにして行われる請求項1に記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。The cutting is performed so that one of the laminates has a substantially V-shaped cross section parallel to the lamination direction of the laminate, and the one-dimensional structure of the catalyst metal and the material other than the catalyst metal is alternately arranged. The method for producing carbon nanotubes according to claim 1, wherein the two alternately arranged cut surfaces are exposed to face each other. 2つの交互配列切断面の間に、該交互配列切断面の対向方向に電界をかけてカーボンナノチューブを成長させる請求項6に記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。The method for producing carbon nanotubes according to claim 6, wherein an electric field is applied between the two alternately arranged cut planes in a direction opposite to the alternately arranged cut planes to grow the carbon nanotubes. 交互配列切断面における、触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料との配列方向と直交方向にパターニングを行い、碁盤目状に触媒金属を配置させてなる碁盤目状切断面とし、該碁盤目状切断面における触媒金属にカーボンナノチューブを成長させる請求項2から7のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。In the alternately arranged cut surface, patterning is performed in the direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the catalyst metal and the material other than the catalyst metal, and the cross cut surface is formed by arranging the catalyst metal in a checkerboard shape. The method for producing a carbon nanotube according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the carbon nanotube is grown on the catalyst metal in the step (1). 請求項1から8のいずれかに記載のカーボンナノチューブの製造方法により得られることを特徴とするカーボンナノチューブ。A carbon nanotube obtained by the method for producing a carbon nanotube according to claim 1. 触媒金属と触媒金属以外の材料とを交互に積層してなる積層物を、その積層構造が露出するように切断してなることを特徴とするカーボンナノチューブ製造用触媒。A catalyst for producing carbon nanotubes, which is obtained by cutting a laminate obtained by alternately laminating a catalyst metal and a material other than the catalyst metal so that the laminated structure is exposed.
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JP2007268692A (en) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-18 Fujitsu Ltd Carbon nanotube connected body, its manufacturing method, and element and method for detecting target
JP2009510800A (en) * 2005-09-30 2009-03-12 フリースケール セミコンダクター インコーポレイテッド Laterally grown nanotubes and methods of forming the same
JP2011045944A (en) * 2009-08-26 2011-03-10 National Institute For Materials Science Nanoribbon and manufacturing method thereof, fet using nanoribbon and manufacturing method thereof, and base sequence determination method using nanoribbon and apparatus for the same
US8148212B2 (en) 2007-11-28 2012-04-03 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Methods of manufacturing semiconductor devices
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JP2006188378A (en) * 2005-01-05 2006-07-20 National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology Method for producing isolated carbon nanotube
JP4633475B2 (en) * 2005-01-05 2011-02-16 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 Method for producing isolated carbon nanotube
JP2009510800A (en) * 2005-09-30 2009-03-12 フリースケール セミコンダクター インコーポレイテッド Laterally grown nanotubes and methods of forming the same
JP2007268692A (en) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-18 Fujitsu Ltd Carbon nanotube connected body, its manufacturing method, and element and method for detecting target
US8148212B2 (en) 2007-11-28 2012-04-03 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Methods of manufacturing semiconductor devices
US8329516B2 (en) 2007-11-28 2012-12-11 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Methods of manufacturing semiconductor devices
JP2011045944A (en) * 2009-08-26 2011-03-10 National Institute For Materials Science Nanoribbon and manufacturing method thereof, fet using nanoribbon and manufacturing method thereof, and base sequence determination method using nanoribbon and apparatus for the same
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