JP2003225780A - Aluminum based structure and production method therefor - Google Patents
Aluminum based structure and production method thereforInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003225780A JP2003225780A JP2002021675A JP2002021675A JP2003225780A JP 2003225780 A JP2003225780 A JP 2003225780A JP 2002021675 A JP2002021675 A JP 2002021675A JP 2002021675 A JP2002021675 A JP 2002021675A JP 2003225780 A JP2003225780 A JP 2003225780A
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- Prior art keywords
- groove
- joint
- friction stir
- joined
- aluminum
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、アルミニウム系構
造体およびその製造方法に関し、特にアルマイト処理さ
れる自動車用ホイールリム等に適用して好適なアルミニ
ウム系構造体およびその製造方法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an aluminum-based structure and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly to an aluminum-based structure suitable for application to an alumite-treated wheel rim for automobiles and a method for manufacturing the same.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム
合金（以下、本発明においてはこれらを総称してアルミ
ニウム系と称する）部材等の金属部材どうしを突き合わ
せまたは重ね合わせて接合する方法として、特開平１１
−２８５８６２号公報、特許第２７１２８３８号公報、
特許第２７９２２３３号公報等に開示された摩擦撹拌接
合方法（Friction Stir Welding:以下、ＦＳＷと略称す
る）が知られている。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, as a method for joining metal members such as aluminum or aluminum alloy (hereinafter collectively referred to as "aluminum-based" in the present invention) members by abutting or superposing, it is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 11
-285862 publication, patent 2712838 publication,
A friction stir welding method (hereinafter abbreviated as FSW) disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2792233 is known.
【０００３】ＦＳＷは、摩擦熱を利用して２つ（または
１つ）の被接合材の接合部を互いに突き合わせるかまた
は重ね合わせて接合する方法である。図９は２つの被接
合材をＦＳＷによって突き合わせ接合する場合の従来例
を示す図である。同図において、被接合材１，２よりも
硬質で耐熱性に優れた材料からなる摩擦撹拌接合ツール
３を高速回転させ、その先端に一体に設けた撹拌ピン４
を被接合材１，２の接合部５の接合面６に沿って押し込
み、被接合材１，２とプローブ３を接合線ＳＬに沿って
紙面と直交する方向に相対的に移動させることにより、
接合部５に摩擦熱を発生させる。この摩擦熱により２つ
の被接合材１，２の接合面６付近のメタルＭ（斜線部）
は塑性加工可能な状態にまで軟化され、撹拌ピン４の高
速回転による撹拌作用により撹拌・流動された後、撹拌
ピン４の通過により冷却・固化することにより、接合部
５を固相接合する。[0003] FSW is a method of joining two (or one) to-be-joined materials to each other by abutting or superposing them on each other by utilizing frictional heat. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a conventional example in which two materials to be joined are butt-joined by FSW. In the figure, a friction stir welding tool 3 made of a material harder than the materials to be welded 1 and having excellent heat resistance is rotated at a high speed, and a stirring pin 4 integrally provided at the tip thereof.
Is pushed along the joint surface 6 of the joint portion 5 of the members to be joined 1 and 2 and the members 3 to be joined and the probe 3 are relatively moved in the direction orthogonal to the paper surface along the joining line SL,
Friction heat is generated in the joint portion 5. Due to this frictional heat, the metal M (hatched portion) in the vicinity of the joining surface 6 of the two materials 1 and 2 to be joined
Is softened to a state where it can be plastically worked, stirred and flowed by the stirring action of the stirring pin 4 rotating at high speed, and then cooled and solidified by passing through the stirring pin 4 to solid-phase bond the joint portion 5.
【０００４】このようなＦＳＷによって被接合材１，２
を突き合わせ接合する場合は摩擦熱を利用した固相溶接
であるため、ＴＩＧ溶接またはＭＩＧ溶接によって溶接
する場合と異なり、溶接棒、不活性ガス等を全く必要と
せず、簡便で迅速に接合することができる利点があり、
建築土木用、車両用、船舶用等の構造体の接合に広く用
いられている。The materials 1 and 2 to be welded by such an FSW
Butt joining is a solid phase welding that uses frictional heat, so unlike welding by TIG welding or MIG welding, no welding rod, inert gas, etc. are required, and simple and quick joining is possible. Has the advantage that
It is widely used for joining structures such as construction civil engineering, vehicles, and ships.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、ＦＳＷ
によって接合されたアルミニウム系構造体をアルマイト
処理すると、接合部の裏面側にすじ（表面酸化膜の痕）
が生じたり、接合部と母材部（塑性加工可能な状態に軟
化しない部分）との色調が異なってしまうという問題が
あった。接合部裏面側に生じるすじは、図９に示すよう
に撹拌ピン４の先端を接合部材１，２の裏面側から内部
に０．２ｍｍ程度位置させた状態、言い換えれば裏面側
に突出させない状態で撹拌接合するため、２つの被接合
材１，２の接合端面１ａ，２ａの撹拌ピン４より下方部
分が十分に撹拌されずに酸化膜のまま残存し、この酸化
膜のアルマイト処理時のアルカリ洗浄における溶解のさ
れ方が他の部分と異なることによるものと考えられる。
また、この酸化膜部分は連続的に残りその程度が大きく
なると未接合部分を形成するため十分な接合強度が得ら
れない。接合部と母材部との色調差はこれら両部の成分
・組織の相違、特に結晶粒径の相違に起因することが判
明した。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, FSW
When an alumite treatment is applied to the aluminum-based structure bonded by, streaks (traces of surface oxide film) on the back side of the bonded part
However, there is a problem that the joint part and the base material part (the part which is not softened to be plastically workable) have different color tones. As shown in FIG. 9, the streak generated on the back surface side of the joining portion is in a state where the tip of the stirring pin 4 is positioned inside the back surface side of the joining members 1 and 2 by about 0.2 mm, in other words, in a state where it does not project to the back surface side. Since the members are agitated and joined, the portions below the agitating pin 4 of the joining end surfaces 1a, 2a of the two materials to be joined 1 and 2 remain as an oxide film without being sufficiently agitated, and the oxide film is alkali-cleaned during alumite treatment. It is thought that this is due to the fact that the method of dissolution in is different from the other parts.
Further, if the oxide film portion remains continuously and its extent becomes large, an unbonded portion is formed, so that sufficient bonding strength cannot be obtained. It was found that the difference in color tone between the joint portion and the base material portion is due to the difference in the composition and structure of these two portions, particularly the difference in crystal grain size.
【０００６】アルミニウム系構造体が建築土木用、車両
用、船舶用等に用いられる一般の構造体である場合は接
合部が直接視認されることが少ないため、すじや色調差
が生じても問題になることは少ない。しかし、例えば平
板状のバーを円筒状に折り曲げてその周方向両端をＦＳ
Ｗによって突き合わせ接合することにより円筒体からな
るリム用中間体を形成し、この中間体の開放端部を外側
に折り曲げてフランジを形成することにより車両用ホイ
ールリムとし、外周にタイヤを装着するようにした場合
は、摩擦撹拌接合部がフランジ部の裏面や端面において
直接視認されるため、接合部にすじや色調差があるとホ
イールリムの外観品質や光輝性が低下するので問題とな
る。このため、接合部にすじや色調差のないアルミニウ
ム系構造材およびその製造方法の開発が要請されてい
る。[0006] When the aluminum-based structure is a general structure used for construction civil engineering, vehicles, ships, etc., the joints are rarely seen directly, so there is a problem even if streaks or color differences occur. Is rarely. However, for example, a flat bar is bent into a cylindrical shape and both ends in the circumferential direction are FS.
A rim intermediate body composed of a cylindrical body is formed by butt-joining with W, and an open end of this intermediate body is bent outward to form a flange to form a vehicle wheel rim, and a tire is mounted on the outer periphery. In such a case, since the friction stir welding portion is directly visible on the back surface or the end surface of the flange portion, if there is a streak or a color tone difference in the welding portion, the appearance quality and the glitter of the wheel rim deteriorate, which is a problem. Therefore, there is a demand for the development of an aluminum-based structural material having no streaks and no color difference in the joint and a method for manufacturing the same.
【０００７】そこで、例えば特開平１１−５１７９号公
報に開示された摩擦撹拌接合方法は、被接合材の裏面側
に配置される裏当てに溝を設け、撹拌ピンを接合部の裏
面側に突出させて前記裏当ての溝に挿入して摩擦撹拌接
合を行うことにより、未接合部の発生を防止するように
している。しかしながら、このような貫通摩擦撹拌接合
方法においては、摩擦熱によって塑性化したメタルが溝
内に流入して固化するため、裏当てを研削によって削除
するための余分な後工程を必要とするばかりか、溝内に
流入する塑性化メタルの量が多いため、接合部のメタル
が不足して内部にトンネル状の空洞欠陥が発生し易いと
いう問題があった。Therefore, for example, in the friction stir welding method disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-5179, a groove is provided in a backing arranged on the back side of the materials to be welded, and the stirring pin is projected to the back side of the joint. Then, the stirrer is inserted into the groove of the backing and friction stir welding is performed to prevent the generation of an unwelded portion. However, in such a through friction stir welding method, since the metal plasticized by frictional heat flows into the groove and solidifies, an extra post process for removing the backing by grinding is required. Since there is a large amount of plasticized metal flowing into the groove, there is a problem that the metal at the joint is insufficient and tunnel-like cavity defects are likely to occur inside.
【０００８】本発明は上記した従来の問題および要請に
応えるべくなされたもので、その目的とするところは、
貫通摩擦撹拌接合を行うことなく接合が可能で、接合部
にすじや色調差が生じず、外観品質、光輝性、さらには
接合強度を向上させることができるアルミニウム系構造
体およびその製造方法を提供することにある。The present invention has been made in order to meet the above-mentioned problems and demands of the related art.
Provided is an aluminum-based structure that can be joined without performing through friction stir welding, does not cause streaks or color differences in the joined portion, and can improve appearance quality, glitter, and joining strength, and a manufacturing method thereof. To do.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に第１の発明に係るアルミニウム系構造体は、板状に形
成された被接合材の裏面の折り曲げ方向両端縁に開先用
切欠きを形成し、前記被接合材を表面側を外側にして円
筒形状に折り曲げて折り曲げ方向両端を互いに突き合わ
せることにより裏面側に前記開先用切欠きによる開先が
形成された接合部とし、この接合部の接合面に表面側か
ら摩擦撹拌接合ツールを挿入して先端が前記開先内に位
置する状態で前記接合部を摩擦撹拌接合することによっ
て形成されたアルミニウム系の構造体であって、外表面
がアルマイト処理されているものである。In order to achieve the above object, an aluminum-based structure according to a first aspect of the present invention is provided with a notch for a groove at both ends in the bending direction of the back surface of a material to be joined formed in a plate shape. To form a joint part in which a groove formed by the notch for groove is formed on the back surface side by bending the material to be bonded into a cylindrical shape with the front surface side outside and abutting both ends in the bending direction, An aluminum-based structure formed by inserting the friction stir welding tool from the surface side to the joint surface of the joint portion and friction stir welding the joint portion in a state where the tip is located in the groove, The outer surface is anodized.
【００１０】第１の発明において、被接合材を円筒形状
に折り曲げると、折り曲げ方向の両端の裏面側にそれぞ
れ形成されている開先用切欠きは、互いに対向して１つ
の開先を形成する。接合部を表面側から摩擦撹拌する
と、酸化膜からなる開先面も撹拌・分断され、摩擦熱に
よって塑性加工可能な状態にまで軟化したメタルが撹拌
・流動されて開先内に進入し固化する。このため、接合
部は表面側から裏面側まで撹拌接合されて酸化膜からな
る開先面が被接合材の裏面や端面に存在せず、大きな接
合強度が得られる。また、被接合部がないためアルマイ
ト処理してもすじ（酸化膜の痕）が生じない。アルマイ
ト処理は、被接合材を、前処理工程として酸による脱脂
工程と、アルカリによるエッチング工程と、酸による中
和工程とをこの順序で行った後、電解処理してその表面
に陽極酸化皮膜を形成することにより、装飾性、耐食性
を付与するものである。開先の断面形状としては、Ｖ字
状が最も一般的であるが、これに限らず例えばＵ字状で
あってもよい。In the first invention, when the material to be joined is bent into a cylindrical shape, the groove notches formed on the back surface at both ends in the bending direction face each other to form one groove. . When the joint part is friction-stirred from the surface side, the groove surface made of oxide film is also stirred and divided, and the metal softened to the state where it can be plastically processed by friction heat is stirred and flowed to enter the groove and solidify. . Therefore, the joining portion is agitated and joined from the front surface side to the back surface side, and the groove surface made of an oxide film does not exist on the back surface or the end surface of the material to be joined, and a large joining strength can be obtained. Further, since there is no portion to be joined, no streaks (traces of oxide film) are generated even if the alumite treatment is performed. The alumite treatment is carried out by performing a degreasing step with an acid as a pretreatment step, an etching step with an alkali, and a neutralizing step with an acid in this order on the material to be joined, followed by electrolytic treatment to form an anodized film on the surface. By forming it, decorativeness and corrosion resistance are imparted. A V-shape is the most common cross-sectional shape of the groove, but is not limited to this and may be, for example, a U-shape.
【００１１】第２の発明に係るアルミニウム系構造体
は、上記第１の発明において、アルミニウム系構造体を
車両用ホイールリムとしたものである。An aluminum-based structure according to a second invention is the aluminum-based structure according to the first invention, wherein the aluminum-based structure is a vehicle wheel rim.
【００１２】第２の発明において、車両用ホイールリム
は外周にタイヤが装着された状態において、裏面側の接
合部が視認されるが、アルマイト処理してもすじが生じ
ないので外観品質を損なうことがない。In the second aspect of the invention, the joint portion on the rear surface side of the wheel rim for a vehicle is visually recognized when the tire is mounted on the outer periphery of the wheel rim. There is no.
【００１３】第３の発明に係るアルミニウム系構造体
は、２つの被接合材の互いに突き合わせ接合される接合
部の裏面側に開先を形成し、前記接合部の接合面に表面
側から摩擦撹拌接合ツールを挿入して先端が前記開先内
に位置する状態で前記接合部を摩擦撹拌接合することに
よって形成されたアルミニウム系の構造体であって、外
表面がアルマイト処理されているものである。In the aluminum-based structure according to the third aspect of the present invention, a groove is formed on the back surface side of the joint between two materials to be joined, which are butt-joined to each other, and friction stir is applied to the joint surface of the joint from the front side. It is an aluminum-based structure formed by friction stir welding of the joining portion with a joining tool inserted and the tip positioned in the groove, and the outer surface of which is anodized. .
【００１４】第３の発明において、２つの被接合材は裏
面の接合部側端縁に開先が形成され、接合部が表面側か
ら摩擦撹拌接合される。開先の形成は、２つの被接合材
の接合端部を突き合わせた後に切削加工によって形成す
るか、または予め各被接合材の接合側端縁の裏面側に開
先用切欠きを切削加工によって形成しておき、２つの被
接合材の接合部を突き合わせて開先用切欠きを互いに対
向させることで１つの開先としてもよい。また、押出成
形により開先用切欠きを被接合材の成形と同時に成形し
て被接合材の接合部を突き合わせて開先とすることもで
きる。接合部を表面側から摩擦撹拌すると、酸化膜から
なる開先面も撹拌され、摩擦熱によって塑性加工可能な
状態にまで軟化したメタルが撹拌・流動して開先内に進
入し固化する。このため、接合部は表面側から裏面側ま
で撹拌接合されて摩擦撹拌後は酸化膜からなる開先面が
被接合材の裏面や端面に存在せず、大きな接合強度が得
られる。また、アルマイト処理してもすじが生じないの
で外観品質を損なうことがない。In the third invention, a groove is formed at the end of the back surface of the two materials to be joined on the side of the joining portion, and the joining portion is friction stir welded from the front surface side. The groove is formed by cutting after joining the joint ends of the two materials to be joined, or by cutting a notch for the groove on the back side of the joining side edge of each material to be joined in advance. Alternatively, the groove may be formed in advance, and the joints of the two materials to be joined may be abutted against each other so that the groove notches face each other to form one groove. It is also possible to form the notch for groove by extrusion molding at the same time as the forming of the material to be joined, and to make the groove by abutting the joint portion of the material to be joined. When the joint portion is friction-stirred from the surface side, the groove surface made of an oxide film is also stirred, and the metal softened by frictional heat to a state where it can be plastically processed stirs and flows to enter the groove and solidify. Therefore, the joining portion is agitated and joined from the front surface side to the back surface side, and after friction stirring, the groove surface made of an oxide film does not exist on the back surface or the end surface of the material to be joined, and a large joining strength can be obtained. In addition, even if the alumite treatment is performed, streaks do not occur, so that the appearance quality is not deteriorated.
【００１５】第４の発明に係るアルミニウム系構造体
は、上記第１、第２または第３の発明において、摩擦撹
拌接合された接合部の少なくとも裏面が研磨または機械
加工によって平滑面に形成されているものである。In the aluminum-based structure according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first, second or third aspect of the invention, at least the back surface of the friction stir welded joint portion is formed into a smooth surface by polishing or machining. There is something.
【００１６】第４の発明においては、接合部を摩擦撹拌
接合によって接合すると、接合部裏面の面精度が粗いた
め、研磨または機械加工によって平滑面に形成される。
構造体が車両用ホイールリムの場合、タイヤが装着され
た状態において、フランジ部の裏面側が視認されるが、
接合部裏面が研磨または機械加工によって平滑面に形成
されているので、外観を損なうことがない。一方、接合
部の表面側には摩擦撹拌接合によるばりおよび凹みが発
生するが、このばりおよび凹みが視認される構造体の場
合は、表面側も研磨または機械加工によって平滑面にす
ることが好ましい。特に車両用ホイールリムの場合、ば
りが存在しタイヤに接触すると、タイヤを損傷するおそ
れがあるため、このばりを研磨または機械加工によって
除去することが好ましい。In the fourth aspect of the present invention, when the joining portion is joined by friction stir welding, since the surface accuracy of the back surface of the joining portion is rough, a smooth surface is formed by polishing or machining.
In the case where the structure is a vehicle wheel rim, the rear surface side of the flange portion is visually recognized when the tire is mounted,
Since the back surface of the bonded portion is formed into a smooth surface by polishing or machining, the appearance is not spoiled. On the other hand, burrs and dents are generated on the surface side of the joint by friction stir welding, but in the case of a structure in which the burrs and dents are visible, it is preferable that the surface side is also smoothed by polishing or machining. . Particularly in the case of a wheel rim for a vehicle, if the burrs are present and contact with the tire may damage the tire, it is preferable to remove the burrs by polishing or machining.
【００１７】第５の発明に係るアルミニウム系構造体の
製造方法は、板状に形成された被接合材の裏面の折り曲
げ方向両端縁に開先用切欠きを形成する工程と、前記被
接合材を表面が外側となるように円筒形状に折り曲げて
折り曲げ方向両端を互いに突き合わせて接合部とし、こ
の接合部の裏面側に前記開先用切欠きどうしの突き合わ
せによる開先を形成する工程と、前記被接合材の前記接
合部裏面に裏当てを配置する工程と、前記被接合材の前
記接合部の接合面に表面側から摩擦撹拌接合ツールを挿
入して先端が前記開先内に位置する状態で前記接合部を
摩擦撹拌接合する工程と、摩擦撹拌接合された前記被接
合材の外表面をアルマイト処理する工程とを備えたもの
である。According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing an aluminum-based structure, comprising the steps of forming groove notches on both edges in the bending direction of the back surface of a plate-shaped member to be bonded, and the member to be bonded. A step of bending a cylindrical shape so that the surface is on the outside and joining both ends in the bending direction to each other to form a joint, and forming a groove by abutting the groove notches on the back surface side of the joint, A step of arranging a backing on the back surface of the joining portion of the material to be joined, and a state in which the tip is located in the groove by inserting a friction stir welding tool from the surface side to the joining surface of the joining portion of the material to be joined And a step of subjecting the outer surface of the material to be joined, which has been friction stir welded, to an alumite treatment.
【００１８】第５の発明においては、被接合材を円筒形
状に折り曲げることにより、周方向の両端が互いに突き
合わされて接合部を形成する。開先用切欠きは、被接合
材を円筒形状に折り曲げる前に予め切削加工等によって
形成されており、被接合材が円筒形状に折り曲げられて
周方向の両端が互いに突き合わされると、互いに突き合
わされて１つの開先を形成する。開先は裏当てによって
覆われる。接合部を表面側から摩擦撹拌すると、酸化膜
からなる開先面も撹拌され、摩擦熱によって塑性加工可
能な状態にまで軟化したメタルが撹拌・流動して開先内
に進入し固化する。このため、接合部は表面側から裏面
側まで撹拌接合されて摩擦撹拌後は酸化膜からなる開先
面が被接合材の裏面や端面に存在せず、大きな接合強度
が得られる。また、アルマイト処理してもすじが生じな
いので外観品質を損なうことがない。In the fifth aspect of the invention, the material to be joined is bent into a cylindrical shape so that both ends in the circumferential direction abut each other to form a joint. The groove notch is formed beforehand by cutting or the like before bending the material to be joined into a cylindrical shape, and when the material to be joined is bent into a cylindrical shape and both ends in the circumferential direction are abutted against each other, the notches are abutted against each other. Together they form one groove. The groove is covered by a backing. When the joint portion is friction-stirred from the surface side, the groove surface made of an oxide film is also stirred, and the metal softened by frictional heat to a state where it can be plastically processed stirs and flows to enter the groove and solidify. Therefore, the joining portion is agitated and joined from the front surface side to the back surface side, and after friction stirring, the groove surface made of an oxide film does not exist on the back surface or the end surface of the material to be joined, and a large joining strength can be obtained. In addition, even if the alumite treatment is performed, streaks do not occur, so that the appearance quality is not deteriorated.
【００１９】第６の発明に係るアルミニウム系構造体の
製造方法は、２つの被接合材の互いに突き合わせ接合さ
れる接合部の裏面側に接合面に沿って開先を形成すると
ともに裏当てを配置する工程と、前記被接合材の接合部
の接合面に表面側から摩擦撹拌接合ツールを挿入して先
端が前記開先内に位置する状態で前記接合部を摩擦撹拌
接合する工程と、摩擦撹拌接合された前記被接合材の外
表面をアルマイト処理する工程とを備えたものである。In the method for manufacturing an aluminum-based structure according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, a groove is formed along the joint surface and a backing is arranged on the back surface side of the joint portion where two materials to be joined are butt-joined to each other. And a step of inserting a friction stir welding tool from the surface side to the joint surface of the joint portion of the material to be welded and friction stir welding the joint portion with the tip positioned in the groove, A step of subjecting the outer surfaces of the joined materials to be joined to an alumite treatment.
【００２０】第６の発明において、２つの被接合材は裏
面側の接合部側端縁に開先が形成され、接合部が表面側
から摩擦撹拌接合される。開先の形成は、２つの被接合
材の接合端を突き合わせた後に切削加工によって形成す
るか、または予め各被接合材の裏面接合側端縁に開先用
切欠きを切削加工によって形成しておき、２つの被接合
材の接合部を突き合わせて開先用切欠きを互いに対向さ
せることで１つの開先としてもよい。接合部を表面側か
ら摩擦撹拌すると、酸化膜からなる開先面も撹拌され、
摩擦熱によって塑性加工可能な状態にまで軟化したメタ
ルが撹拌・流動して開先内に進入し固化する。このた
め、接合部は表面側から裏面側まで撹拌接合されて摩擦
撹拌後は酸化膜からなる開先面が被接合材の裏面および
両端面に存在せず、大きな接合強度が得られる。また、
アルマイト処理してもすじが生じないので外観品質を損
なうことがない。In the sixth aspect of the invention, the two materials to be joined have a groove formed at the edge of the rear surface on the side of the joint, and the joint is friction stir welded from the front side. The groove is formed by cutting after joining the joint ends of two materials to be joined, or by forming a notch for groove on the edge of the back surface side of each material to be joined in advance by cutting. Alternatively, one groove may be formed by abutting the joint portions of the two materials to be joined and making the groove notches face each other. When the joint part is friction-stirred from the surface side, the groove surface made of an oxide film is also stirred,
The metal softened to the state where it can be plastically worked by frictional heat stirs and flows, and enters the groove and solidifies. Therefore, the joining portion is agitated and joined from the front surface side to the back surface side, and after the frictional agitation, the groove surfaces made of an oxide film are not present on the back surface and both end surfaces of the material to be joined, and a large joining strength is obtained. Also,
Even if the alumite treatment is performed, streaks do not occur, and the appearance quality is not impaired.
【００２１】第７の発明に係るアルミニウム系構造体の
製造方法は、上記第５または第６の発明において、摩擦
撹拌接合ツールが円柱状のツール本体と、このツール本
体の底面中央に一体に突設され被接合材の接合部内に前
記ツール本体の一部とともに押し込まれる撹拌ピンとか
らなり、前記ツール本体の底面が前記接合部の表面を押
圧するツールショルダーを構成し、前記ツール本体の軸
線を通り摩擦撹拌接合ツールの移動方向と直交する縦断
面積のうち、接合部に押し込まれる部分の縦断面積を前
記被接合材の開先の長手方向と直交する面内の縦断面積
と略等しいかこれより大きくしたものである。According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing an aluminum-based structure according to the fifth or sixth aspect, wherein the friction stir welding tool has a cylindrical tool body and integrally projects at the center of the bottom surface of the tool body. A stirring pin that is provided and is pushed together with a part of the tool body into the joint portion of the materials to be joined, and the bottom surface of the tool body constitutes a tool shoulder that presses the surface of the joint portion, and passes through the axis of the tool body. Of the vertical cross-sectional area orthogonal to the moving direction of the friction stir welding tool, the vertical cross-sectional area of the portion to be pushed into the joint is approximately equal to or larger than the vertical cross-sectional area in the plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the groove of the material to be welded. It was done.
【００２２】第７の発明においては、ツール本体の軸線
を通り摩擦撹拌接合ツールの移動方向と直交する縦断面
積のうち、接合部に押し込まれる部分の縦断面積を前記
被接合材の開先の長手方向と直交する面内の縦断面積と
略等しいかこれより大きく設定しているので、摩擦熱に
よって塑性加工可能な状態にまで軟化し開先内に入り込
むメタルの量が十分であり、開先が凹みとなって残るこ
とがない。開先内に入り込まなかった余分なメタルは接
合部表面の両側に沿って突出しばりを形成する。このば
りは後工程において研磨または機械加工によって除去さ
れることが好ましい。In the seventh aspect of the invention, of the longitudinal cross-sectional area passing through the axis of the tool body and orthogonal to the moving direction of the friction stir welding tool, the longitudinal cross-sectional area of the portion pressed into the joint is the longitudinal length of the groove of the material to be welded. Since it is set to be approximately equal to or larger than the vertical cross-sectional area in the plane orthogonal to the direction, the amount of metal that softens to the state where it can be plastically worked by friction heat and enters the groove is sufficient, and the groove is It does not remain as a dent. Excess metal that did not enter the groove forms protruding ridges along both sides of the joint surface. This flash is preferably removed by polishing or machining in a later step.
【００２３】第８の発明に係るアルミニウム系構造体の
製造方法は、上記第５または第６の発明において、摩擦
撹拌接合ツールが円柱状のツール本体と、このツール本
体の底面中央に一体に突設され被接合材の接合部に前記
ツール本体の一部とともに押し込まれる撹拌ピンとから
なり、前記ツール本体の底面が前記接合部の表面を押圧
するツールショルダーを構成し、開先の幅を撹拌ピンの
直径の７５％以下とし、開先の長手方向と直交する面内
の縦断面積が前記撹拌ピンの軸線と直交する横断面積の
１５％以下としたものである。According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing an aluminum-based structure according to the fifth or sixth aspect, wherein the friction stir welding tool has a cylindrical tool body and integrally projects at the center of the bottom surface of the tool body. An agitating pin that is provided and is pushed together with a part of the tool body into the joint portion of the materials to be joined, and the bottom surface of the tool body constitutes a tool shoulder that presses the surface of the joint portion, and the width of the groove is the agitating pin. Is less than 75%, and the longitudinal cross-sectional area in the plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the groove is less than 15% of the cross-sectional area orthogonal to the axis of the stirring pin.
【００２４】第８の発明において、開先の幅が撹拌ピン
の直径の７５％以下で、開先の縦断面積が前記撹拌ピン
の軸線と直交する横断面積の１５％以下であると、摩擦
熱によって塑性加工可能な状態にまで軟化し開先内に入
り込むメタルの量が十分であり、開先が凹みとなって残
ることがなく、開先内に入り込まなかった余分なメタル
は接合部表面の両側に沿って突出しばりとなり、確実な
摩擦撹拌接合が得られる。開先の幅が撹拌ピンの直径の
７５％以上で、開先の縦断面積が撹拌ピンの軸線と直交
する横断面積の１５％以上であると、メタルの量が不十
分で、開先が凹みとなって残る。In the eighth invention, when the width of the groove is 75% or less of the diameter of the stirring pin and the longitudinal sectional area of the groove is 15% or less of the cross-sectional area orthogonal to the axis of the stirring pin, the friction heat The amount of metal that softens to a state where it can be plastically processed enters into the groove, and the groove does not remain as a recess, and the excess metal that did not enter the groove remains in the joint surface. Protruding ties along both sides ensure reliable friction stir welding. If the width of the groove is 75% or more of the diameter of the stirring pin and the vertical cross-sectional area of the groove is 15% or more of the cross-sectional area orthogonal to the axis of the stirring pin, the amount of metal is insufficient and the groove is recessed. Remains.
【００２５】第９の発明に係るアルミニウム系構造体の
製造方法は、撹拌ピンの先端面または外周に撹拌部が形
成されているものである。In the method for manufacturing an aluminum-based structure according to the ninth aspect of the invention, the stirring portion is formed on the tip surface or outer periphery of the stirring pin.
【００２６】第９の発明において、撹拌部は接合面およ
びその近傍と開先面を撹拌・流動化させる。撹拌部とし
ては、環状、螺旋状、放射状等の溝または突状体が考え
られる。In the ninth invention, the stirring section stirs and fluidizes the joint surface and its vicinity and the groove surface. As the stirring portion, a groove, a protrusion, or the like having an annular shape, a spiral shape, a radial shape, or the like can be considered.
【００２７】第１０の発明に係るアルミニウム系構造体
の製造方法は、上記第５〜９のうちのいずれか１つに記
載の発明において、摩擦撹拌接合後、アルマイト処理す
る工程の前工程として、被接合材を３００〜３７５℃で
１〜５時間焼鈍処理する工程を備えたものである。A method for manufacturing an aluminum-based structure according to a tenth aspect of the present invention is the method according to any one of the above fifth to ninth aspects, in which, as a step prior to the step of performing alumite treatment after friction stir welding, It comprises a step of annealing the material to be joined at 300 to 375 ° C. for 1 to 5 hours.
【００２８】第１０の発明において、焼鈍処理によって
接合部の結晶粒を再結晶化させて母材部の結晶粒と略等
しくすると、接合部と母材部の色調差をなくすことがで
きる。３００℃以下であると、接合部の再結晶が不十分
であり、３７５℃以上であると再結晶組織が粗大化する
ため、色調差が大きくなる。In the tenth aspect of the invention, when the crystal grains of the joint are recrystallized by annealing to be approximately equal to the crystal grains of the base material, the difference in color tone between the joint and the base material can be eliminated. If the temperature is 300 ° C. or lower, the recrystallization of the bonded portion is insufficient, and if the temperature is 375 ° C. or higher, the recrystallized structure becomes coarse, resulting in a large color difference.
【００２９】第１１の発明に係るアルミニウム系構造体
の製造方法は、上記第５〜９のうちのいずれか１つに記
載の発明において、摩擦撹拌接合時の摩擦撹拌接合ツー
ルの回転数と接合速度の比を４〜１１としたものであ
る。An aluminum-based structure manufacturing method according to an eleventh aspect of the present invention is the method according to any one of the fifth to ninth aspects, wherein the number of revolutions of the friction stir welding tool at the time of friction stir welding and welding are performed. The speed ratio is 4-11.
【００３０】第１１の発明において、摩擦撹拌接合ツー
ルの回転数と接合速度の比が４〜１１であると、接合部
と母材部の結晶粒が略等しくなり、接合部と母材部との
色調差をなくすことができる。回転数と接合速度の比が
１以下であると、接合部の結晶粒が細かく、１１以上で
あると結晶粒が粗大化するため、アルマイト処理後の色
調差が大きくなる。In the eleventh aspect of the present invention, when the ratio of the number of revolutions of the friction stir welding tool to the welding speed is 4 to 11, the crystal grains of the welded portion and the base metal portion are substantially equal, and the welded portion and the base metal portion are The difference in color tone can be eliminated. When the ratio of the number of revolutions to the bonding speed is 1 or less, the crystal grains in the bonded portion are fine, and when the ratio is 11 or more, the crystal grains become coarse, and thus the color tone difference after the alumite treatment becomes large.
【００３１】第１２の発明に係るアルミニウム系構造体
の製造方法は、上記第５〜１１のうちのいずれか１つに
記載の発明において、アルマイト処理工程の前工程とし
て、摩擦撹拌接合された接合部の少なくとも裏面を研磨
または機械加工によって平滑面に形成する工程を備えて
いるものである。A method for manufacturing an aluminum-based structure according to a twelfth aspect of the present invention is the method according to any one of the fifth to eleventh aspects, wherein the friction stir welding is performed as a pre-step of the alumite treatment step. It comprises a step of forming at least the back surface of the portion into a smooth surface by polishing or machining.
【００３２】第１２の発明においては、接合部を摩擦撹
拌接合によって接合すると、接合部裏面の面精度が粗い
ため、研磨または機械加工によって平滑面に形成され
る。構造体が車両用ホイールリムの場合、タイヤが装着
された状態において、フランジ部の裏面側が視認される
が、接合部裏面が研磨または機械加工によって平滑面に
形成されているので、外観を損なうことがない。一方、
接合部の表面側には摩擦撹拌接合によるばりおよび凹み
が発生するが、このばりおよび凹みが視認される構造体
の場合は、表面側も研磨または機械加工によって平滑面
にすることが好ましい。特に車両用ホイールリムの場
合、ばりが存在しタイヤに接触すると、タイヤを損傷す
るおそれがあるため、このばりを研磨または機械加工に
よって除去することが好ましい。In the twelfth aspect of the present invention, when the joining portion is joined by friction stir welding, the back surface of the joining portion has a rough surface precision, so that a smooth surface is formed by polishing or machining. When the structure is a vehicle wheel rim, the back side of the flange is visible when the tire is mounted, but the back side of the joint is polished or machined to a smooth surface, which damages the appearance. There is no. on the other hand,
Although burrs and dents are generated on the surface side of the joint by friction stir welding, in the case of a structure in which the burrs and dents are visible, it is preferable that the surface side is also smoothed by polishing or machining. Particularly in the case of a wheel rim for a vehicle, if the burrs are present and contact with the tire may damage the tire, it is preferable to remove the burrs by polishing or machining.
【００３３】[0033]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明を図面に示す実施の
形態に基づいて詳細に説明する。図１は本発明に係るア
ルミニウム系構造体を車両用ホイールリムに適用した一
実施の形態を示す外観斜視図、図２は同ホイールリムの
断面図、図３（ａ）〜（ｃ）はＦＳＷの手順を説明する
ための図、図４は同ホイールリムのＦＳＷを行っている
状態を示す断面図、図５は図４のＶ−Ｖ線断面図、図６
は撹拌ピンの撹拌部を示す図である。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be described below in detail based on the embodiments shown in the drawings. 1 is an external perspective view showing an embodiment in which an aluminum-based structure according to the present invention is applied to a vehicle wheel rim, FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the wheel rim, and FIGS. 3A to 3C are FSWs. For explaining the procedure of FIG. 4, FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a state in which the FSW of the wheel rim is being performed, FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line VV of FIG. 4, and FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a stirring unit of a stirring pin.
【００３４】先ず、図１および図２に基づいて車両用ホ
イールリムの構造について説明する。全体を符号２０で
示す車両用ホイールリムは乗用車、トラック、バス等の
車両に用いられるもので、外周にタイヤが装着される円
筒状のリム本体２０Ａと、このリム本体２０Ａの一側縁
に一体に形成されたフランジ２０Ｂと、他側縁に形成さ
れたガター２０Ｃに嵌合固定されるフランジ２１および
ディスク２２とで構成されている。リム本体２０Ａは、
摩擦撹拌接合によって製作されている。フランジ２０
Ｂ，２１は、摩擦撹拌接合後に行う塑性加工によって断
面形状がＬ字状になるように折り曲げ形成されている。
ガター２０Ｃは、外面にフランジ２１の基端部が嵌合す
る環状の溝２３を有し、内面に前記ディスク２２の後端
部が嵌合されかつ溶接によって接合されている。フラン
ジ２１とディスク２２は、リム本体２０Ａと同様に、５
０００系等のアルミニウム合金によって製作されてい
る。そして、ホイールリム２０は、装飾性および耐食性
を向上させるために外表面全体がアルマイト処理されて
いる。First, the structure of the vehicle wheel rim will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. The vehicle wheel rim generally designated by the reference numeral 20 is used for vehicles such as passenger cars, trucks and buses, and has a cylindrical rim body 20A on which tires are mounted on the outer periphery and one rim body 20A integrally formed on one side edge thereof. And a flange 21 and a disk 22 that are fitted and fixed to a gutter 20C formed on the other side edge. The rim body 20A is
It is manufactured by friction stir welding. Flange 20
B and 21 are formed by bending so as to have an L-shaped cross section by plastic working performed after friction stir welding.
The gutter 20C has an annular groove 23 into which the base end portion of the flange 21 is fitted on the outer surface, and the rear end portion of the disk 22 is fitted into and joined to the inner surface by welding. As with the rim body 20A, the flange 21 and the disc 22 are 5
It is made of 000 series aluminum alloy. Then, the wheel rim 20 is anodized on the entire outer surface in order to improve decorativeness and corrosion resistance.
【００３５】次に、前記リム本体２０Ａの製造手順を図
３〜図６に基づいて詳述する。先ず、アルミニウム合金
の押出形材によって板状に形成された所定長さおよび幅
を有するバー（被接合材）３０を用意する（図３
（ａ））。このバー３０の裏面３０ａで長手方向の両端
縁に開先用切欠き３１ａ，３１ｂをそれぞれ全幅にわた
って形成する。開先用切欠き３１ａと３１ｂは略同一形
状で、裏面３０ａの長手方向端縁部を所要角度（例え
ば、３０〜４５°）で斜めに切削することにより形成さ
れている。Next, the procedure for manufacturing the rim body 20A will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. First, a bar (material to be bonded) 30 having a predetermined length and width formed in a plate shape by an extruded aluminum alloy material is prepared (FIG. 3).
(A)). Notches 31a and 31b for the groove are formed over the entire width of the back surface 30a of the bar 30 at both edges in the longitudinal direction. The groove notches 31a and 31b have substantially the same shape and are formed by obliquely cutting the longitudinal edge portion of the back surface 30a at a required angle (for example, 30 to 45 °).
【００３６】次に、バー３０を表面３０ｂが外側になる
ように円筒形状に折り曲げて長手方向の両端を互いに突
き合わせ、この突き合わせ部分を接合部３２とする。バ
ー３０を円筒形状に折り曲げてその周方向の両端を突き
合わせて動かないように拘束すると、前記開先用切欠き
３１ａ，３１ｂも互いに突き合わされることによりＶ字
状の溝からなる１つの開先３１を形成する。Next, the bar 30 is bent into a cylindrical shape so that the surface 30b is on the outside and both ends in the longitudinal direction are abutted against each other, and the abutted portion is used as a joint portion 32. When the bar 30 is bent into a cylindrical shape and both ends thereof in the circumferential direction are butted and restrained so as not to move, the notches 31a and 31b for beveling are also butted against each other, thereby forming one V-shaped groove. 31 is formed.
【００３７】次に、接合部３２の裏面側に裏当て３４
（図４）を密接し、表面側から接合部３２を摩擦撹拌接
合ツール３６によって摩擦撹拌接合する。裏当て３４
は、鉄、アルミニウム等の金属製で、一方の面が円筒形
状に折り曲げられたバー３０の内周面と略同一の曲率半
径を有する凸曲面に形成され、開先３１を覆っている。Next, a backing 34 is attached to the back surface side of the joint portion 32.
(FIG. 4) are brought into close contact with each other, and the joint portion 32 is friction stir welded by the friction stir welding tool 36 from the surface side. Backing 34
Is made of metal such as iron or aluminum, and one surface thereof is formed into a convex curved surface having substantially the same radius of curvature as the inner peripheral surface of the bar 30 bent into a cylindrical shape, and covers the groove 31.
【００３８】前記摩擦撹拌接合ツール３６は、バー３０
より融点が高い金属、例えば工具鋼等によって製作され
るもので、円柱状のツール本体３６Ａと、このツール本
体３６Ａの底面３７の中央に一体に突設された撹拌ピン
３６Ｂとで構成され、前記底面３７が前記接合部３２の
表面を押圧するツールショルダーを形成している。撹拌
ピン３６Ｂは、長さが前記バー３０の板厚ｔより０．２
〜０．４ｍｍ程度短く設定されており、先端面３８と外
周面３９には前記接合部３２の接合面３５とその近傍を
撹拌する撹拌部４０，４１がそれぞれ形成されている。
この場合、本実施の形態においては撹拌部４０を図６に
示すように１つの螺旋状溝で構成した例を示したが、こ
れに限らず例えば特開２００１−７１１５５号公報に開
示されているように放射状の溝または突状体であった
り、あるいは小さな円筒状の突起を多数突設したもので
あってもよい。また、外周面の撹拌部４１については、
本実施の形態においては周方向に等間隔をおいて形成し
た４つの螺旋状溝で構成した例を示したが、螺旋状の突
状体であったりねじ溝であってもよい。The friction stir welding tool 36 comprises a bar 30.
It is made of a metal having a higher melting point, such as tool steel, and is composed of a cylindrical tool body 36A and an agitation pin 36B integrally provided on the center of the bottom surface 37 of the tool body 36A. The bottom surface 37 forms a tool shoulder that presses the surface of the joint portion 32. The stirring pin 36B has a length of 0.2 from the plate thickness t of the bar 30.
The length is set to be about 0.4 mm shorter, and the tip surface 38 and the outer peripheral surface 39 are provided with agitating portions 40 and 41 for agitating the adjoining surface 35 of the adjoining portion 32 and its vicinity.
In this case, in the present embodiment, an example in which the stirring section 40 is configured by one spiral groove as shown in FIG. 6 is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this and is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-71155. As described above, the groove may be a radial groove or a protruding body, or a large number of small cylindrical protrusions may be provided. Further, regarding the stirring portion 41 on the outer peripheral surface,
In the present embodiment, an example in which four spiral grooves are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction is shown, but a spiral projection or a screw groove may be used.
【００３９】このような摩擦撹拌接合ツール３６は、接
合部３２の表面に対してプローブ３６の移動方向（矢印
Ａ方向）とは反対側に所要角度α（＝３〜５°程度）傾
斜した状態でセットされる。The friction stir welding tool 36 as described above is tilted with respect to the surface of the welding portion 32 on the side opposite to the moving direction of the probe 36 (direction of arrow A) by a required angle α (= about 3 to 5 °). Set by.
【００４０】次に、摩擦撹拌接合ツール３６をモータに
よって５００〜５０００ｒｐｍ程度の回転数で回転させ
ながら撹拌ピン３６Ｂを接合面３５上に位置させて接合
部表面に押し付け、摩擦熱によって接合部３２の撹拌ピ
ン３６Ｂによって押し付けられている表面部分およびそ
の近傍を加熱、可塑化させ、撹拌ピン３６Ｂとツールシ
ョルダー３７の一部を接合部３２内に徐々に押し込む。
このツールショルダー３７が接合部３２の表面に押し込
まれる量、すなわち押込量δは、０．１〜０．３ｍｍ程
度である。押込量δは、摩擦撹拌接合ツール３６の軸線
を通りプローブの移動方向（Ａ方向）と直交する直線上
における押込量である。なお、ツールショルダー３７の
移動方向先端側（図５において左端）は、摩擦撹拌接合
ツール３６内へのメタル供給を可能にするために接合部
３２の表面より上方に位置している。Next, while the friction stir welding tool 36 is rotated by a motor at a rotation speed of about 500 to 5000 rpm, the stirring pin 36B is positioned on the joint surface 35 and pressed against the surface of the joint portion, and frictional heat is applied to the joint portion 32. The surface portion pressed by the stirring pin 36B and its vicinity are heated and plasticized, and the stirring pin 36B and a part of the tool shoulder 37 are gradually pushed into the joint portion 32.
The amount by which the tool shoulder 37 is pushed into the surface of the joining portion 32, that is, the pushing amount δ is about 0.1 to 0.3 mm. The pushing amount δ is a pushing amount on a straight line that passes through the axis of the friction stir welding tool 36 and is orthogonal to the moving direction (A direction) of the probe. The tip side of the tool shoulder 37 in the moving direction (the left end in FIG. 5) is located above the surface of the joining portion 32 to enable metal supply into the friction stir welding tool 36.
【００４１】撹拌ピン３６Ｂとツールショルダー３７の
一部が接合部３２内に所定量押し込まれると、撹拌ピン
３６Ｂの先端は、開先３１の傾斜した壁面（開先面）４
６の撹拌を可能にするために図４に示すように開先３１
内に突出しており、この状態で摩擦撹拌接合ツール３６
を矢印Ａ方向に０．０２〜２ｍ／ｓｅｃ程度の送り速度
（接合速度）で移動させることで、接合部３２を摩擦撹
拌接合する。すなわち、摩擦撹拌接合ツール３６を高速
回転させながら接合面３５に沿って移動させると、接合
面３５とその近傍部は、撹拌ピン３６Ｂにより加熱され
ることにより可塑化され、水平および垂直方向に流動化
する。そして、流動化したメタル４３の一部は、開先３
１内に入り込み撹拌ピン３６Ｂが通過することにより冷
却して固化し開先３１を埋める。したがって、接合部３
２は撹拌ピン３６Ｂを接合部３２の裏面側に突出させな
いでも表面側から裏面側まで完全に接合される。このと
き、酸化膜からなる開先３１の開先面４６は、撹拌部４
０，４１によって撹拌・分断され、可塑化したメタル４
３内に分散される。なお、接合部３２の裏面から撹拌ピ
ン３６Ｂの先端までの距離は０．２ｍｍ程度で、開先３
１はこれより深く形成されている。When the stirring pin 36B and a part of the tool shoulder 37 are pushed into the joint portion 32 by a predetermined amount, the tip of the stirring pin 36B has an inclined wall surface (groove surface) 4 of the groove 31.
6 groove 31 as shown in FIG.
The friction stir welding tool 36
Is moved in the direction of arrow A at a feed speed (welding speed) of about 0.02 to 2 m / sec, whereby the welded portion 32 is friction stir welded. That is, when the friction stir welding tool 36 is moved along the joint surface 35 while rotating at high speed, the joint surface 35 and its vicinity are plasticized by being heated by the stirring pin 36B, and flow in the horizontal and vertical directions. Turn into. Then, a part of the fluidized metal 43 is formed in the groove 3
When the stirrer pin 36B enters the inside of the nozzle 1 and passes therethrough, it is cooled and solidified to fill the groove 31. Therefore, the joint 3
No. 2 is completely joined from the front surface side to the back surface side even if the stirring pin 36B is not projected to the back surface side of the joining portion 32. At this time, the groove surface 46 of the groove 31 made of an oxide film is formed on the stirring unit 4
Metal 4 that has been plasticized by being stirred and divided by 0,41
Dispersed within 3. The distance from the back surface of the joint portion 32 to the tip of the stirring pin 36B is about 0.2 mm, and the groove 3
1 is formed deeper than this.
【００４２】開先３１に充填されるメタル４３の量が不
足すると、開先３１を完全に埋めることができず、接合
部３２の裏面側に凹部として残るため好ましくない。メ
タル４３の最適量は、開先３１を完全に埋め、かつ余剰
のメタルが接合部３２の表面両側に沿って飛び出して固
化することにより、ばり４４（図４）が若干生じる程度
とされる。このため、ツール本体３６Ａの軸線を通り摩
擦撹拌接合ツール３６の移動方向（Ａ方向）と直交する
縦断面積のうち、接合部３２に押し込まれる部分の縦断
面積Ｓ（図４、図５参照）を開先３１の長手方向と直交
する面内の縦断面積Ｓ1 と略等しくするかこれより若干
大きくする。または、別法として開先３１の幅Ｅ（図
４）を撹拌ピン３６Ｂの外径Ｄの７５％以下とし、開先
３１の断面積Ｓ１を前記撹拌ピン３６Ｂの軸線と直交す
る横断面積（πＤ2/４）の１５％以下にすることが好ま
しい。If the amount of the metal 43 filled in the groove 31 is insufficient, the groove 31 cannot be completely filled and remains as a recess on the back surface side of the joint 32, which is not preferable. The optimum amount of the metal 43 is such that the groove 31 is completely filled, and excess metal pops out along both sides of the surface of the joint portion 32 and solidifies to cause a slight flash 44 (FIG. 4). Therefore, of the vertical cross-sectional area that passes through the axis of the tool main body 36A and is orthogonal to the moving direction (A direction) of the friction stir welding tool 36, the vertical cross-sectional area S of the portion that is pushed into the welding portion 32 (see FIGS. 4 and 5). The longitudinal cross-sectional area S1 in the plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the groove 31 is made substantially equal to or slightly larger than this. Alternatively, the width E of the groove 31 (FIG. 4) may be set to 75% or less of the outer diameter D of the stirring pin 36B as an alternative method, and the cross-sectional area S1 of the groove 31 may be a cross-sectional area (πD) orthogonal to the axis of the stirring pin 36B. is preferably not more than 15% of the 2/4).
【００４３】開先３１の幅Ｅが撹拌ピン３６Ｂの外径Ｄ
の７５％以下で、開先３１の縦断面積Ｓ1 が撹拌ピン３
６Ｂの軸線と直交する横断面積の１５％以下であると、
摩擦熱によって塑性加工可能な状態にまで軟化し開先３
１内に入り込むメタル４３の量が十分であり、開先３１
が凹みとなって残ることがなく、開先３１内に入り込ま
なかった余剰のメタルが接合部３２の表面両側に沿って
突出しばり４４を形成することにより、確実な摩擦撹拌
接合が得られる。これに対して、開先３１の幅Ｅが撹拌
ピン３６Ｂの外径Ｄの７５％以上で、開先３１の縦断面
積Ｓ1 が撹拌ピン３６Ｂの軸線と直交する横断面積の１
５％以上になると、開先３１に入り込むメタル４３の量
が不十分で、開先３１が凹みとして残る。The width E of the groove 31 is the outer diameter D of the stirring pin 36B.
The vertical cross-sectional area S1 of the groove 31 is less than 75% of the stirring pin 3
If it is 15% or less of the cross-sectional area orthogonal to the axis of 6B,
Friction heat softens the plastic workable state to 3
There is a sufficient amount of metal 43 entering the inside of 1 and the groove 31
Does not remain as a dent, and excess metal that has not entered the groove 31 forms protruding ledges 44 along the both sides of the surface of the joint 32, so that reliable friction stir welding can be obtained. On the other hand, the width E of the groove 31 is 75% or more of the outer diameter D of the stirring pin 36B, and the longitudinal sectional area S1 of the groove 31 is 1 of the cross-sectional area orthogonal to the axis of the stirring pin 36B.
When it is 5% or more, the amount of the metal 43 entering the groove 31 is insufficient and the groove 31 remains as a recess.
【００４４】このような摩擦攪拌接合方法によれば、板
厚ｔが２〜２０ｍｍ程度のアルミニウム合金製の被接合
材であるバー３０の突き合わせ接合部３２を表面側から
裏面側にわたって強固に接合することが可能である。ま
た、摩擦撹拌接合は金属材料の接合部を溶融せず、加熱
温度が低いため、ＭＩＧ溶接やＴＩＧ溶接に比べて熱影
響が少なく、安定した品質を得ることができる。また、
摩擦撹拌接合ツール３６を回転させ、このプローブ３６
と円筒形状に折り曲げられたバー３０を所要の接合速度
で相対的に移動させるだけでよいため、大がかりな設備
を必要とせずコスト的にも有利である。According to such a friction stir welding method, the butt joint portion 32 of the bar 30 which is a material to be joined made of an aluminum alloy having a plate thickness t of about 2 to 20 mm is firmly joined from the front surface side to the back surface side. It is possible. Further, the friction stir welding does not melt the joint portion of the metal material and the heating temperature is low, so that it has less heat influence than MIG welding and TIG welding, and stable quality can be obtained. Also,
By rotating the friction stir welding tool 36, the probe 36
Since it suffices to relatively move the bar 30 bent into a cylindrical shape at a required joining speed, it does not require large-scale equipment and is advantageous in cost.
【００４５】摩擦撹拌接合によってバー３０を円筒体に
形成した後、裏当て３４を円筒体から取り外す。摩擦撹
拌接合によって製作された円筒体は、図１および図２に
示したリム本体２０Ａの中間製品である。この円筒体の
摩擦撹拌接合された接合部３２の表裏面は粗面であるた
め、研磨または機械加工によって母材部と同程度の面精
度からなる平滑面に形成される。特に、図１および図２
に示すホイールリム２０においては、タイヤを装着した
状態でフランジ２０Ｂの裏面と、ガター２１の先端面お
よび裏面が視認されるので、これらの部分における接合
部の裏面および端面を研磨または機械加工する必要があ
る。また、表面側についてはばり４４とツールショルダ
ー３７の押し込みによる凹みが生じているので、表面側
が視認される構造体の製作に当たっては表面側も研磨ま
たは機械加工して完全に取り除くことが好ましい。After forming the bar 30 into a cylinder by friction stir welding, the backing 34 is removed from the cylinder. The cylindrical body manufactured by friction stir welding is an intermediate product of the rim body 20A shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The front and back surfaces of the friction stir welded joint portion 32 of the cylindrical body are rough surfaces, and thus are formed by polishing or machining into smooth surfaces having the same surface accuracy as the base material portion. In particular, FIG. 1 and FIG.
In the wheel rim 20 shown in (1), since the back surface of the flange 20B and the front end surface and the back surface of the gutter 21 are visually recognized in the state where the tire is mounted, it is necessary to polish or machine the back surface and the end surface of the joint portion in these portions. There is. Further, since the burrs 44 and the tool shoulders 37 are depressed on the front surface side, it is preferable to completely remove the front surface side by polishing or machining when manufacturing a structure in which the front surface side is visible.
【００４６】次に、研磨または機械加工が終了した円筒
体を成形装置によって成形することにより、図１および
図２に示した、一端側にフランジ２０Ｂを一体に有し、
他端側にガター２０Ｃを一体に有するリム本体２０Ａを
製作する（図３（ｃ））。そして、ガター２０Ｃにフラ
ンジ２１とホイール２２を取付け、ホイールリム２０を
製作する。なお、フランジ２１については、リム本体２
０Ａと別個に製作されるものに限らず、フランジ２０Ｂ
と同様にリム本体２０Ａに一体に形成されるものであっ
てもよい。その場合は、ガター２０Ｃの製作は当然不要
である。Next, a cylindrical body that has been polished or machined is molded by a molding device to integrally have a flange 20B on one end side, as shown in FIGS.
A rim body 20A integrally having a gutter 20C on the other end side is manufactured (FIG. 3C). Then, the flange 21 and the wheel 22 are attached to the gutter 20C to manufacture the wheel rim 20. Regarding the flange 21, the rim body 2
The flange 20B is not limited to the one manufactured separately from 0A.
Similarly to the above, it may be integrally formed with the rim body 20A. In that case, the gutter 20C need not be manufactured.
【００４７】この後、ホイールリム２０に装飾性、耐食
性を付与するためにホイールリム２０をアルマイト処理
してその外表面全体に陽極酸化被膜を形成し、もってホ
イールリム２０の製作を終了する。After that, the wheel rim 20 is anodized in order to impart decorativeness and corrosion resistance to the wheel rim 20 to form an anodic oxide coating on the entire outer surface thereof, thus completing the production of the wheel rim 20.
【００４８】アルマイト処理工程の一実施の形態を図７
に基づいて説明する。先ず、上記摩擦撹拌接合によって
接合され整形装置によって所定のリム形状に形成された
被処理物（被接合材）を準備する（ステップ１００）。
次に、前処理工程として、被処理物を、酸（Ｈ2ＳＯ4、
ＨＮＯ3 またはこれらの混合水溶液）による脱脂工程
（ステップ１０１）と、アルカリ（ＮａＯＨ）によるエ
ッチング工程（ステップ１０２）と、酸（Ｈ2ＳＯ4）に
よる中和工程（ステップ１０３）をこの順序で行う。な
お、エッチング工程は、表面の異物や変質層などを除去
する工程である。FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the alumite treatment process.
It will be described based on. First, an object to be processed (material to be bonded) which is bonded by the friction stir welding and formed into a predetermined rim shape by a shaping device is prepared (step 100).
Next, as a pretreatment step, the object to be treated is treated with an acid (H 2 SO 4 ,
A degreasing process (step 101) using HNO 3 or a mixed solution of these, an etching process using alkali (NaOH) (step 102), and a neutralizing process using acid (H 2 SO 4 ) (step 103) are performed in this order. . The etching step is a step of removing foreign matter, an altered layer, and the like on the surface.
【００４９】次に、被処理物を酸（Ｈ2ＳＯ4 ）の水溶
液中に浸漬して陽極に接続し、水溶液を陰極に接続して
アルマイト処理を行い（ステップ１０４）、被処理物の
外表面全体に多孔質の陽極酸化被膜を形成する。次に、
必要に応じて電解着色（ステップ１０５）を行った後、
温水に浸漬して封孔処理を行うか（ステップ１０６）、
またはクリアー電着塗装（ステップ１０７）を行うこと
により、透明で光沢感のあるホイールリム２０が製作さ
れる。なお、アルミニウム合金のアルマイト処理自体
は、従来一般に行われている周知技術のため、これ以上
の詳細については説明を省略する。Next, the object to be treated is immersed in an aqueous solution of acid (H 2 SO 4 ) and connected to the anode, and the aqueous solution is connected to the cathode for alumite treatment (step 104). A porous anodic oxide film is formed on the entire surface. next,
After performing electrolytic coloring (step 105) as necessary,
Whether it is immersed in warm water for sealing treatment (step 106),
Alternatively, a transparent and glossy wheel rim 20 is manufactured by performing a clear electrodeposition coating (step 107). Note that the alumite treatment itself of the aluminum alloy is a well-known technique that has been generally performed in the related art, and thus a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
【００５０】摩擦撹拌接合した後、アルマイト処理する
前工程としては、接合部３２の結晶粒を再結晶化して粒
径を母材部の結晶粒径と略一致させるために焼鈍処理を
行うか、または摩擦撹拌接合条件を最適化することが好
ましい。焼鈍処理は、摩擦撹拌接合された被接合材を加
熱炉に入れて３００℃〜３７５℃の温度範囲で１〜５時
間加熱し、その後緩やかに冷却して常温にする。３００
℃以下であると結晶粒の再結晶化が不十分であり、３７
５℃以上であると再結晶組織が粗大化するため好ましく
ない。After the friction stir welding, as a pre-process of the alumite treatment, an annealing treatment is performed in order to recrystallize the crystal grains of the joint 32 and make the grain size substantially equal to the crystal grain size of the base metal portion. Alternatively, it is preferable to optimize the friction stir welding conditions. In the annealing treatment, the friction stir welded materials are put in a heating furnace and heated in a temperature range of 300 ° C. to 375 ° C. for 1 to 5 hours, and then gradually cooled to room temperature. 300
If the temperature is lower than ℃, recrystallization of crystal grains is insufficient, and
When the temperature is 5 ° C or higher, the recrystallized structure becomes coarse, which is not preferable.
【００５１】摩擦撹拌接合条件を最適化する場合も、焼
鈍処理と同様に接合部３２と母材部の結晶粒径と略一致
させることができる。最適化の条件としては、摩擦撹拌
接合ツール３６の回転数Ｒと接合速度Ｗの比率が４〜１
１の範囲になるようにする。この比率が４以下であると
接合部３２の結晶粒の再結晶化が不十分であり、１１以
上であると再結晶組織が粗大化するため好ましくない。Even when the friction stir welding conditions are optimized, it is possible to make the crystal grain sizes of the welded portion 32 and the base metal portion substantially the same as in the annealing treatment. As a condition for optimization, the ratio of the rotation speed R of the friction stir welding tool 36 to the welding speed W is 4 to 1
It should be in the range of 1. If this ratio is 4 or less, recrystallization of the crystal grains of the joint 32 is insufficient, and if it is 11 or more, the recrystallization structure becomes coarse, which is not preferable.
【００５２】[0052]
【実施例１】被接合材として板厚６ｍｍのＪＩＳ Ａ５
０５２−Ｏを円筒形状に折り曲げてその周方向両端を突
き合わせ摩擦撹拌接合した。使用した摩擦撹拌接合ツー
ルは、ツールショルダー径２０ｍｍ、撹拌ピンの直径８
ｍｍ、ピン長さ５．４ｍｍで、接合面に対するプローブ
の傾斜角度３°、回転数８９０ｒｐｍ、接合速度２００
ｍｍ／ｍｉｎの条件で、開先３１の深さＤ1 、幅Ｅ、お
よび長手方向と直交する面内の縦断面積Ｓ1 を種々変更
して摩擦撹拌接合を行った。その結果を表１に示す。[Example 1] JIS A5 having a plate thickness of 6 mm as a material to be joined
052-O was bent into a cylindrical shape, and both ends in the circumferential direction were butted and friction stir welding was performed. The friction stir welding tool used is a tool shoulder diameter of 20 mm and a stirring pin diameter of 8
mm, pin length 5.4 mm, inclination angle of the probe with respect to the joining surface 3 °, rotation speed 890 rpm, joining speed 200
Friction stir welding was performed under the condition of mm / min while changing the depth D1 of the groove 31, the width E, and the longitudinal cross-sectional area S1 in the plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. The results are shown in Table 1.
【００５３】[0053]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００５４】この表１から明らかなように、開先３１を
形成しないで、また撹拌ピンを接合部の裏面側に突出さ
せないで摩擦撹拌接合した場合（比較例１）では、接合
面の一部が撹拌されないで残るためアルマイト処理した
後に接合部３２の裏面側にすじが発生した。比較例２お
よび比較例３では開先面積が撹拌ピンの横断面積の１５
％以上になるため接合部３２内にトンネル状空洞欠陥と
凹みが発生したが、本発明３に示すように開先３１の断
面積Ｓ1 が６ｍｍ2 では問題なく接合できた。このこと
から開先３１の縦断面積Ｓ1 は撹拌ピンの横断面積の１
５％以下が望ましいと判断される。また、開先３１の幅
Ｅが８ｍｍの場合（比較例４）、ピン径と一致するの
で、開先３１に充填されるメタルの量が不足し開先３１
が凹みとして残る。したがって、開先３１の幅Ｅはピン
径以下で、好ましくは７５％以下にする必要がある。As is clear from Table 1, when the friction stir welding is performed without forming the groove 31 and the stirring pin does not project to the back side of the joint (Comparative Example 1), a part of the joint surface is formed. However, since it remained without being stirred, a streak was generated on the back surface side of the joint 32 after the alumite treatment. In Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3, the groove area was 15 times the cross-sectional area of the stirring pin.
%, A tunnel-shaped cavity defect and a dent were generated in the joint portion 32, but as shown in the third aspect of the present invention, when the cross-sectional area S1 of the groove 31 was 6 mm 2 , the joint was possible without any problem. From this, the longitudinal cross-sectional area S1 of the groove 31 is 1 of the cross-sectional area of the stirring pin.
It is judged that 5% or less is desirable. Further, when the width E of the groove 31 is 8 mm (Comparative Example 4), since it matches the pin diameter, the amount of metal filled in the groove 31 is insufficient and the groove 31
Remains as a dent. Therefore, the width E of the groove 31 needs to be equal to or smaller than the pin diameter, preferably 75% or less.
【００５５】開先３１の深さＤ1 が０．１ｍｍの場合
（比較例５）、アルマイト処理した後に接合部３２の裏
面側にすじが発生した。これはピン先端が接合部３２の
裏面より０．２ｍｍの位置｛６ｍｍ−（５．４＋０．４
ｍｍ）｝（３°傾斜分）にあり、開先３１内に突出して
おらず、開先面４６を撹拌しないためである。したがっ
て、開先３１内に撹拌ピン３６Ｂの先端部を突出させる
ことが必要である。When the depth D1 of the groove 31 was 0.1 mm (Comparative Example 5), streaks were generated on the back surface side of the joint 32 after the alumite treatment. This is a position where the pin tip is 0.2 mm from the back surface of the joint 32 {6 mm- (5.4 + 0.4
mm)} (inclination of 3 °) and does not project into the groove 31 and does not agitate the groove surface 46. Therefore, it is necessary to project the tip of the stirring pin 36B into the groove 31.
【００５６】[0056]
【実施例２】摩擦撹拌接合条件が色調差に及ぼす影響に
ついて調査した結果を表２に示す。Example 2 Table 2 shows the results of an examination of the effect of friction stir welding conditions on the color difference.
【００５７】[0057]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００５８】この表２から明らかなように、摩擦撹拌接
合ツール３６の回転数Ｒと接合速度Ｗの比率が４〜１１
の範囲内にある本発明１〜４においては、母材部と接合
部の色調に差が殆ど生じなかった。一方、前記比率が４
以下または１１以上となる比較例１〜３においては、母
材部と接合部の色調が大きく異なるため不良品と判定さ
れた。As is clear from Table 2, the ratio of the rotation speed R of the friction stir welding tool 36 to the welding speed W is 4 to 11.
In the present inventions 1 to 4 within the range, there was almost no difference in color tone between the base material portion and the joint portion. On the other hand, the ratio is 4
In Comparative Examples 1 to 3 below or 11 or more, since the color tones of the base material portion and the joint portion were significantly different, it was determined as a defective product.
【００５９】図８は本発明の他の実施の形態を示す摩擦
撹拌接合の断面図である。この実施の形態は１つの被接
合材を円筒形に丸めてその両端を突き合わせ接合する代
わりに、平板状に形成されたアルミニウム合金からなる
２つの被接合材５０，５１の一端を互いに突き合わせて
接合部５２とし、この接合部５２を摩擦撹拌接合ツール
３６によって摩擦撹拌接合するようにしたものである。
摩擦撹拌接合の条件は、被接合材が２つである点を除い
て上記した実施の形態と全く同一である。また、その摩
擦撹拌後のアルマイト処理工程等の工程についても全く
同様である。FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of friction stir welding showing another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, instead of rounding one joined material into a cylindrical shape and butt-joining both ends thereof, one end of two joined materials 50, 51 made of a flat plate-shaped aluminum alloy is butted against each other and joined. A portion 52 is formed, and the joint portion 52 is friction stir welded by the friction stir welding tool 36.
The conditions of friction stir welding are exactly the same as those of the above-mentioned embodiment except that the number of materials to be welded is two. The same applies to the steps such as the alumite treatment step after the friction stirring.
【００６０】各被接合材５０，５１の裏面で接合側端縁
には、開先用切欠き５３ａ，５３ｂがそれぞれ形成され
ており、被接合材５０，５１の接合側端面を突き合わせ
ることにより、開先用切欠き５３ａ，５３ｂも突き合わ
されて１つの開先５３を形成する。この場合、予め開先
用切欠き５３ａ，５３ｂを形成する代わりに、２つの被
接合材５０，５１の接合端を互いに突き合わせた後、接
合部５２の裏面側にその接合面５４に沿って開先５３を
切削加工によって形成してもよい。Groove notches 53a and 53b are formed at the joint-side edges on the back surfaces of the jointed materials 50 and 51, respectively, and the joint-side end surfaces of the jointed materials 50 and 51 are abutted to each other. The groove notches 53a and 53b are also abutted against each other to form one groove 53. In this case, instead of forming the notches 53a and 53b for the groove in advance, the joint ends of the two materials 50 and 51 to be joined are abutted against each other, and then opened on the back surface side of the joint portion 52 along the joint surface 54 thereof. The tip 53 may be formed by cutting.
【００６１】このように、２つの被接合材５０，５１を
摩擦撹拌接合する場合は、上記したホイールリムに限ら
ず種々の形状の構造体に適用することが可能であり、例
えば自動車のピラー（車体の柱）、フロントクロスメン
バー、リアクロスメンバー、サスペンションフレーム等
の車体構造体、一般の建築土木用構造体等にも適用する
ことが可能である。As described above, when the two materials 50 and 51 to be welded are friction stir welded, they can be applied not only to the wheel rim described above but also to structures of various shapes. It is also applicable to body structures such as vehicle body pillars), front cross members, rear cross members, suspension frames, and general structures for construction and civil engineering.
【００６２】[0062]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように本発明に係るアルミ
ニウム系構造体およびその製造方法によれば、貫通摩擦
撹拌接合を行うことなく接合が可能で、接合部の接合強
度を向上させることができ、またアルマイト処理しても
接合部裏面側にすじが発生せず、外観品質、光輝性に優
れた構造体を提供することができる。As described above, according to the aluminum-based structure and the method of manufacturing the same according to the present invention, it is possible to join without performing through friction stir welding, and it is possible to improve the joining strength of the joining portion. Further, even if the alumite treatment is performed, no streak is generated on the back surface side of the joint, and it is possible to provide a structure excellent in appearance quality and glitter.
【００６３】また、本発明においては、摩擦撹拌接合後
に焼鈍処理するかまたは摩擦撹拌接合条件を最適化して
摩擦撹拌接合するようにしているので、接合部の結晶粒
を再結晶化させることができ、母材部と接合部との色調
を略一致させることができ、特に板状のバーを円筒形状
に折り曲げて摩擦撹拌接合される車両用ホイールリムに
適用して好適である。Further, in the present invention, since the annealing treatment is performed after the friction stir welding or the friction stir welding is optimized to perform the friction stir welding, the crystal grains in the welded portion can be recrystallized. It is possible to make the color tones of the base material portion and the joint portion substantially coincide with each other, and it is particularly suitable to be applied to a vehicle wheel rim that is friction stir welded by bending a plate-shaped bar into a cylindrical shape.
【図１】 本発明に係るアルミニウム系構造体を車両用
ホイールリムに適用した一実施の形態を示す外観斜視図
である。FIG. 1 is an external perspective view showing an embodiment in which an aluminum-based structure according to the present invention is applied to a vehicle wheel rim.
【図２】 同ホイールリムの断面図である。FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the wheel rim.
【図３】 （ａ）〜（ｃ）はＦＳＷの手順を説明するた
めの図である。FIG. 3A to FIG. 3C are diagrams for explaining the procedure of FSW.
【図４】 同ホイールリムのＦＳＷを行っている状態を
示す断面図である。FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where FSW of the wheel rim is being performed.
【図５】 図４のＶ−Ｖ線断面図である。5 is a sectional view taken along line VV of FIG.
【図６】 撹拌ピンの撹拌部を示す図である。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a stirring unit of a stirring pin.
【図７】 アルマイト処理工程のフローチャートであ
る。FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an alumite treatment process.
【図８】 本発明の他の実施の形態を示すＦＳＷの断面
図である。FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an FSW showing another embodiment of the present invention.
【図９】 従来のＦＳＷを説明するための図である。FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a conventional FSW.
２０…ホイールリム、２０Ａ…リム本体、２２…ホイー
ル、３０…バー（被接合材）、３１…開先、３１ａ，３
１ｂ…開先用切欠き、３２…接合部、３５…開先面、３
６…摩擦撹拌接合ツール、３６Ａ…ツール本体、３６Ｂ
…撹拌ピン、３４…裏当て、４０，４１…撹拌部、５
０，５１…被接合材、５２…接合部、５３…開先。20 ... Wheel rim, 20A ... Rim body, 22 ... Wheel, 30 ... Bar (material to be joined), 31 ... Groove, 31a, 3
1b ... Notch for groove, 32 ... Joint, 35 ... Groove surface, 3
6 ... Friction stir welding tool, 36A ... Tool body, 36B
... stirring pin, 34 ... backing, 40, 41 ... stirring section, 5
0, 51 ... Materials to be joined, 52 ... Joined portions, 53 ... Grooves.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 牧田 慎也 静岡県庵原郡蒲原町蒲原１−34−１ 日本 軽金属株式会社グループ技術センター内 Ｆターム(参考） 4E067 AA05 BG00 DA13 DA17 DC07 DD00 DD01 DD02 EA07 EB00 EC01 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page (72) Inventor Shinya Makita 1-34-1 Kambara, Kambara Town, Anbara District, Shizuoka Prefecture Japan Light Metal Co., Ltd. Group Technology Center F term (reference) 4E067 AA05 BG00 DA13 DA17 DC07 DD00 DD01 DD02 EA07 EB00 EC01
Claims (12)
曲げ方向両端縁に開先用切欠きを形成し、前記被接合材
を表面側を外側にして円筒形状に折り曲げて折り曲げ方
向両端を互いに突き合わせることにより裏面側に前記開
先用切欠きによる開先が形成された接合部とし、この接
合部の接合面に表面側から摩擦撹拌接合ツールを挿入し
て先端が前記開先内に位置する状態で前記接合部を摩擦
撹拌接合することによって形成されたアルミニウム系の
構造体であって、外表面がアルマイト処理されているこ
とを特徴とするアルミニウム系構造体。1. A groove notch is formed at both edges of a back surface of a material to be joined formed in a plate shape in a bending direction, and the material to be joined is bent into a cylindrical shape with the front surface side facing outward and both ends in the bending direction. To form a joint having a groove formed by the notch for groove on the back side, and a friction stir welding tool is inserted from the front side to the joint surface of this joint so that the tip is inside the groove. An aluminum-based structure formed by friction stir welding of the above-mentioned joining portion in a state of being located at, wherein the outer surface is anodized.
おいて、 アルミニウム系構造体が車両用ホイールリムであること
を特徴とするアルミニウム系構造体。2. The aluminum-based structure according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum-based structure is a vehicle wheel rim.
される接合部の裏面側に開先を形成し、前記接合部の接
合面に表面側から摩擦撹拌接合ツールを挿入して先端が
前記開先内に位置する状態で前記接合部を摩擦撹拌接合
することによって形成されたアルミニウム系の構造体で
あって、外表面がアルマイト処理されていることを特徴
とするアルミニウム系構造体。3. A groove is formed on the rear surface side of a joint portion where two materials to be joined are butt-joined to each other, and a friction stir welding tool is inserted from the front surface side to the joint surface of the joint portion so that the front end is opened. An aluminum-based structure formed by friction stir welding the above-mentioned joint in a state of being located inside, wherein the outer surface is anodized.
ム系構造体において、 摩擦撹拌接合された接合部の少なくとも裏面が研磨また
は機械加工によって平滑面に形成されていることを特徴
とするアルミニウム系構造体。4. The aluminum-based structure according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein at least the back surface of the friction stir welded joint portion is formed into a smooth surface by polishing or machining. Structure.
曲げ方向両端縁に開先用切欠きを形成する工程と、 前記被接合材を表面が外側となるように円筒形状に折り
曲げて折り曲げ方向両端を互いに突き合わせて接合部と
し、この接合部の裏面側に前記開先用切欠きどうしの突
き合わせによる開先を形成する工程と、 前記被接合材の前記接合部裏面に裏当てを配置する工程
と、 前記被接合材の前記接合部の接合面に表面側から摩擦撹
拌接合ツールを挿入して先端が前記開先内に位置する状
態で前記接合部を摩擦撹拌接合する工程と、 摩擦撹拌接合された前記被接合材の外表面をアルマイト
処理する工程と、 を備えたことを特徴とするアルミニウム系構造体の製造
方法。5. A step of forming groove notches on both edges of a back surface of a material to be joined formed in a plate shape in a bending direction, and bending the material to be joined into a cylindrical shape so that a front surface is an outer side. Both ends in the folding direction are butted against each other to form a joint, and a step of forming a groove by butting the notches for groove on the back surface side of the joint, and a backing is arranged on the back surface of the joined portion of the material to be joined. And a step of inserting a friction stir welding tool from the surface side to the joint surface of the joint portion of the material to be welded and friction stir welding the joint portion with the tip positioned in the groove, A step of alumite-treating the outer surface of the material to be joined which has been joined by stirring.
される接合部の裏面側に接合面に沿って開先を形成する
とともに裏当てを配置する工程と、 前記被接合材の接合部の接合面に表面側から摩擦撹拌接
合ツールを挿入して先端が前記開先内に位置する状態で
前記接合部を摩擦撹拌接合する工程と、 摩擦撹拌接合された前記被接合材の外表面をアルマイト
処理する工程と、 を備えたことを特徴とするアルミニウム系構造体の製造
方法。6. A step of forming a groove along a joint surface and arranging a backing on a back surface side of a joint portion of two joined materials to be butt-joined to each other, and joining of the joined portions of the joined materials. A step of inserting a friction stir welding tool into the surface from the surface side to friction stir weld the joint portion in a state where the tip is located in the groove, and anodizing the outer surface of the friction stir welded material to be welded The method for manufacturing an aluminum-based structure, comprising:
構造体の製造方法において、 摩擦撹拌接合ツールが円柱状のツール本体と、このツー
ル本体の底面中央に一体に突設され被接合材の接合部内
に前記ツール本体の一部とともに押し込まれる撹拌ピン
とからなり、前記ツール本体の底面が前記接合部の表面
を押圧するツールショルダーを構成し、 前記ツール本体の軸線を通り摩擦撹拌接合ツールの移動
方向と直交する縦断面積のうち、接合部に押し込まれる
部分の縦断面積を前記被接合材の開先の長手方向と直交
する面内の縦断面積と略等しいかこれより大きくしたこ
とを特徴とするアルミニウム系構造体の製造方法。7. The method for manufacturing an aluminum-based structure according to claim 5, wherein the friction stir welding tool is a cylindrical tool body, and the tool body is integrally formed by projecting at the center of the bottom surface of the tool body. Consisting of a stirring pin that is pushed together with a part of the tool body into the section, the bottom surface of the tool body constitutes a tool shoulder that presses the surface of the joint, and the moving direction of the friction stir welding tool passes through the axis of the tool body. Aluminum having a vertical cross-sectional area of a portion to be pressed into a joint that is substantially equal to or larger than a vertical cross-sectional area in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the groove of the material to be joined. Method of manufacturing a system structure.
構造体の製造方法において、 摩擦撹拌接合ツールが円柱状のツール本体と、このツー
ル本体の底面中央に一体に突設され被接合材の接合部に
前記ツール本体の一部とともに押し込まれる撹拌ピンと
からなり、前記ツール本体の底面が前記接合部の表面を
押圧するツールショルダーを構成し、 開先の幅を撹拌ピンの直径の７５％以下とし、開先の長
手方向と直交する面内の縦断面積が前記撹拌ピンの軸線
と直交する横断面積の１５％以下としたことを特徴とす
るアルミニウム系構造体の製造方法。8. The method for manufacturing an aluminum-based structure according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the friction stir welding tool is a cylindrical tool body, and the tool body is integrally projectingly provided at the center of the bottom surface of the tool body. Part of the tool body together with a stirring pin, the bottom surface of the tool body constitutes a tool shoulder that presses the surface of the joint, and the width of the groove is 75% or less of the diameter of the stirring pin. A method for manufacturing an aluminum-based structure, wherein a vertical cross-sectional area in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the groove is 15% or less of a cross-sectional area orthogonal to the axis of the stirring pin.
構造体の製造方法において、 撹拌ピンの先端面または外周に撹拌部が形成されている
ことを特徴とするアルミニウム系構造体の製造方法。9. The method for manufacturing an aluminum-based structure according to claim 7 or 8, wherein a stirring portion is formed on a tip surface or an outer circumference of the stirring pin.
記載のアルミニウム系構造体の製造方法において、 摩擦撹拌接合後、アルマイト処理する工程の前工程とし
て、被接合材を３００〜３７５℃で１〜５時間焼鈍処理
する工程を備えたことを特徴とするアルミニウム系構造
体の製造方法。10. The method for manufacturing an aluminum-based structure according to claim 5, wherein after the friction stir welding, the material to be welded is 300 to 375 as a step before the step of performing the alumite treatment. A method for manufacturing an aluminum-based structure, comprising a step of annealing at 1 ° C for 1 to 5 hours.
記載のアルミニウム系構造体の製造方法において、 摩擦撹拌接合時の摩擦撹拌接合ツールの回転数と接合速
度の比を４〜１１としたことを特徴とするアルミニウム
系構造体の製造方法。11. The method for manufacturing an aluminum-based structure according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the ratio of the rotation speed of the friction stir welding tool to the welding speed is 4 to 11 during friction stir welding. And a method for manufacturing an aluminum-based structure.
に記載のアルミニウム系構造体の製造方法において、 アルマイト処理工程の前工程として、摩擦撹拌接合され
た接合部の少なくとも裏面を研磨または機械加工によっ
て平滑面にする工程を備えたことを特徴とするアルミニ
ウム系構造体の製造方法。12. The method for manufacturing an aluminum-based structure according to claim 5, wherein at least a back surface of the friction stir welded joint is polished as a pre-step of the alumite treatment step. A method of manufacturing an aluminum-based structure, comprising a step of making a smooth surface by machining.
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| JP2002021675A JP4134562B2 (en) | 2002-01-30 | 2002-01-30 | Method for manufacturing aluminum-based structure |
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| JP4134562B2 JP4134562B2 (en) | 2008-08-20 |
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