HRP920745A2 - Formed body for thermal insulation - Google Patents
Formed body for thermal insulation Download PDFInfo
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- HRP920745A2 HRP920745A2 HR920745A HRP920745A HRP920745A2 HR P920745 A2 HRP920745 A2 HR P920745A2 HR 920745 A HR920745 A HR 920745A HR P920745 A HRP920745 A HR P920745A HR P920745 A2 HRP920745 A2 HR P920745A2
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- mixtures
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- dried
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 84
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 68
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 47
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 36
- 125000005624 silicic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 33
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 28
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 25
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 18
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 15
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 7
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005337 ground glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 5
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 241000872198 Serjania polyphylla Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011000 absolute method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum dipotassium disodium dioxosilane iron(3+) oxocalcium oxomagnesium oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].O=[Mg].O=[Ca].O=[Si]=O SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound O[Si](O)=O IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
- F16L59/028—Composition or method of fixing a thermally insulating material
Landscapes
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
- Insulating Bodies (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Drying Of Gases (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Izum se odnosi na oblikovani dio, prvenstveno oblika ploče, za primjenu kao toplinska izolacija, te na postupak za njegovu proizvodnju. The invention relates to a shaped part, primarily in the form of a plate, for use as thermal insulation, and to the process for its production.
Poznate su toplinske izolacijske ploče ili plosnata, ravna toplinska izolacijska tijela proizvedena na osnovi istaložene silicijeve kiseline, koja se povlači i ima višeslojni ovoj. Known thermal insulation panels or flat, flat thermal insulation bodies produced on the basis of precipitated silicic acid, which withdraws and has a multi-layer sheath.
Tako patentni spisi EP-A 0 190 582 kao i EP-A 0 254 993 opisuju jedan ovoj od vezanih folija, koje dodatno sadrže i jednu metalnu foliju npr. od aluminija. Ove folije trebaju biti nepropusne za zrak i vodu. Thus, the patent documents EP-A 0 190 582 and EP-A 0 254 993 describe one of these bonded foils, which additionally contain a metal foil, for example, made of aluminum. These foils should be impermeable to air and water.
Patentni spis EP-A 0 164 006 opisuje toplinske izolacijske ploče koje sadrže fino raspoređene metalne okside, koji se povlače. Materijal ovoja može biti jedna vezna folija sa sljedećim slojevima: termoplastični materijal/metalna folija/plastični materijal. EP-A 0 164 006 describes heat insulating panels containing finely divided metal oxides, which are withdrawn. The material of the wrap can be one binding foil with the following layers: thermoplastic material/metal foil/plastic material.
Poznata primjena veznih folija s metalnim slojevima ima to loše svojstvo da toplina može biti odvedena po površini folije, što kod njene primjene kao izolacijskog materijala dovodi do stvaranja neželjenih toplinskih mostova na rubovima jednog toplinski izolacijskog tijela između njegove hladne i tople strane. The well-known application of bonding foils with metal layers has the bad property that heat can be carried away on the surface of the foil, which, when used as an insulating material, leads to the creation of unwanted thermal bridges on the edges of a thermally insulating body between its cold and warm sides.
S ovim povezani negativni utjecaji na ukupnu toplinsku vodljivost toplinski izolacijskog tijela nisu razmatrani prilikom mjerenja toplinske vodljivosti prema apsolutnom postupku s jednom pločom, postupkom zaštitnog prstena prema Kohlrauschovoj “Praktičnoj fizici”, sv. 1, 22 izdanje, izdavač Teubner, Stuttgart, 1968., str. 375. The associated negative effects on the overall thermal conductivity of the thermally insulating body were not considered when measuring the thermal conductivity according to the absolute method with one plate, the protective ring method according to Kohlrausch's "Practical Physics", vol. 1, 22 edition, publisher Teubner, Stuttgart, 1968, p. 375.
Toplinsko izolacijsko tijelo koje primjenom jedne folije, a koja sadrži metal, prema patentnom spisu EP-A 0 190 582, pokazuje, mjereno prema navedenom postupku, toplinsku vodljivost pri 23°C od 8 mW/m•K. Ako se izabere sustav mjerenja bez zaštitnog prstena, onda toplinska vodljivost raste ovisno o geometriji oblikovanog dijela i veličini, kao i o debljini metalnog sloja u foliji ovoja - i djelomice poprima značajno više vrijednosti. Izolacijski učinak ukupnog, tj. cjelokupnog izolacijskog tijela odlučujuće dakle ovisi o tome da li folija ovoja primijenjena pri njegovoj proizvodnji sadrži metal ili ne. A heat insulating body that, using one foil, which contains metal, according to patent document EP-A 0 190 582, shows, measured according to the mentioned procedure, a thermal conductivity at 23°C of 8 mW/m•K. If a measurement system without a protective ring is chosen, then the thermal conductivity increases depending on the geometry of the shaped part and its size, as well as on the thickness of the metal layer in the wrapping foil - and partly takes on significantly higher values. The insulating effect of the whole, i.e. the entire insulating body, thus decisively depends on whether the wrapping foil used during its production contains metal or not.
Prema tome, postavljen je zadatak da se proizvedu takva toplinska izolacijska tijela koja će kako poprečno tako i uzduž vezne folije imati nisku toplinsku vodljivost. Therefore, the task was set to produce such heat insulating bodies that will have low thermal conductivity both transversely and along the bonding film.
Predmet izuma je jedan oblikovan dio, prvenstveno u obliku ploče, koji se primjenjuje kao toplinska izolacija, a proizveden je od: The subject of the invention is a molded part, primarily in the form of a plate, which is used as thermal insulation, and is produced from:
a) jedne fino raspodijeljene tvari u obliku praha odnosno u obliku vlakana, koja ima kapacitet upijanja vode od 4 do 50% tež. pri 23°C i 85% relativne vlage a) one finely divided substance in the form of powder or in the form of fibers, which has a water absorption capacity of 4 to 50% by weight. at 23°C and 85% relative humidity
b) jednog ovoja koji ne sadrži metal, a koji obuhvaća ovu fino raspoređenu tvar u obliku praha, odnosno vlakana, i koji pri tome ima propusnost za vodenu paru od 0,1 do 0,5 g/(m2.d) pri 23°C i 85% relativne vlage i propusnost za plinove od 0,1 do 0,5 cm3/(m2.d.bar) pri 23°C, sa svojstvom da upija vodu količinom od 2 do 15% tež., a da se pri tome njegova toplinska vodljivost ne umanjuje za više od 25%. b) one sheath that does not contain metal, and which includes this finely distributed substance in the form of powder, i.e. fibers, and which at the same time has a water vapor permeability of 0.1 to 0.5 g/(m2.d) at 23° C and 85% relative humidity and permeability for gases from 0.1 to 0.5 cm3/(m2.d.bar) at 23°C, with the ability to absorb water in the amount of 2 to 15% by weight, while therefore, its thermal conductivity does not decrease by more than 25%.
Fino raspodijeljena tvar u obliku praha, odnosno vlakana može biti uprešana u jedan mikroporozni ovoj. A finely divided substance in the form of powder or fibers can be pressed into one microporous sheath.
Fino raspodijeljena tvar u obliku praha, odnosno vlakana može biti osušena u jednom mikroporoznom ovoju. A finely divided substance in the form of powder or fibers can be dried in a single microporous envelope.
U jednom obliku izvedbe, kojem se daje prednost, mikroporozni ovoj koji sadrži fino raspodijeljenu tvar u obliku praha, odnosno vlakana u prešanom i osušenom stanju, tako da bude umetnuta u ovoj koji ne sadrži metal. In one embodiment, which is preferred, a microporous sheath containing a finely divided substance in the form of a powder, i.e. fibers in a pressed and dried state, so that it is inserted into a sheath that does not contain metal.
Oblikovani dijelovi prema izumu mogu se proizvesti, pri čemu: Shaped parts according to the invention can be produced, whereby:
a) fino raspodijeljena tvar u obliku praha, odnosno vlakana, a koja ima kapacitet upijanja vode od 4 do 50% tež. pri 23°C i 85% relativne vlage, suši se pod takovim uvjetima pod kojima se istjeruje površinska voda, a) finely divided substance in the form of powder, i.e. fibers, which has a water absorption capacity of 4 to 50% by weight. at 23°C and 85% relative humidity, it is dried under such conditions under which surface water is expelled,
b) u danom slučaju tvar u obliku praha, odnosno vlakana se preša b) in the given case, the substance in the form of powder or fibers is pressed
c) u danom slučaju osušena i isprešana tvar u obliku praha, odnosno vlakana unosi se u ovoj koji ne sadrži metal, a koji ima otvor za povlačenje i propusnost za vodenu paru od 0,1 do 0,5 g/(m2.d) pri 23°C i 85% relativne vlage i propusnost za plinove od 0,1 do 0,5 cm3/(m2.d.bar) pri 23°C, c) in the given case, the dried and pressed substance in the form of powder or fibers is introduced into this, which does not contain metal, and which has an opening for withdrawal and permeability for water vapor from 0.1 to 0.5 g/(m2.d) at 23°C and 85% relative humidity and gas permeability from 0.1 to 0.5 cm3/(m2.d.bar) at 23°C,
d) ovoj koji ne sadrži metal se povlači i d) this, which does not contain metal, is withdrawn and
e) otvor za povlačenje ovoja koji ne sadrži metal zatvara se uz održavanje vakuuma u unutrašnjosti ovoja. e) the opening for withdrawing the metal-free casing is closed while maintaining a vacuum inside the casing.
U jednom obliku izvedbe postupka prema izumu, a kojem se daje prednost, fino raspodijeljena tvar praškastog, odnosno vlaknastog oblika može se uprešati u mikroporozni ovoj i nakon toga po potrebi sušiti. In one embodiment of the process according to the invention, which is preferred, the finely divided substance in powder or fibrous form can be mixed in a microporous envelope and then dried if necessary.
Sušenje fino raspodijeljene tvari praškastog, odnosno vlaknastog oblika u jednom obliku izvedbe izuma, a kojem se daje prednost, može se provesti pomoću mikro valova. Drying of the finely divided substance in powder or fibrous form in one embodiment of the invention, which is preferred, can be carried out using microwaves.
Kao mikroporozni ovoj, koji načelno služi za to da drži zajedno fino raspodijeljenu praškastu tvar tijekom sušenja i prešanja. može se upotrijebiti folija ili vlaknasti materijal npr. od polipropilena, poliestera ili filtarskog papira. As a microporous sheath, which basically serves to hold the finely divided powdery substance together during drying and pressing. foil or fibrous material can be used, for example polypropylene, polyester or filter paper.
U općem slučaju za ovu svrhu može se upotrijebiti jedna folija ili takav materijal koji plinove (npr. zrak) i vlagu propuštaju a zadržavaju fino raspodijeljenu praškastu tvar. In the general case, one foil or such material can be used for this purpose, which allows gases (e.g. air) and moisture to pass through and retains the finely divided powdery substance.
Kao fino raspodijeljena praškasta tvar načelno se može primijeniti svaki materijal koji tijekom vremena ne mijenja svoje značajke i koji ima kapacitet upijanja vode od 4 do 50% tež. pri 23°C i 85% relativne vlage. In principle, any material that does not change its properties over time and has a water absorption capacity of 4 to 50% by weight can be used as a finely divided powdery substance. at 23°C and 85% relative humidity.
Količina vode koju oblikovani dio prema izumu smije upiti odgovara količini vode pri kojoj se toplinska provodnost oblikovanog dijela neće povećati za više od 25%. Dozvoljena količina vode oblikovanog dijela u ovom smislu iznosi 2 do 15% tež. i u općem slučaju je niža od kapaciteta upijanja vode praškaste tvari koja se upotrebljava za proizvodnju oblikovanog dijela. The amount of water that the molded part according to the invention may absorb corresponds to the amount of water at which the thermal conductivity of the molded part will not increase by more than 25%. The permitted amount of water in the molded part in this sense is 2 to 15% by weight. and in the general case it is lower than the water absorption capacity of the powder substance used for the production of the molded part.
U jednom obliku izvedbe, a kojem se daje prednost, dozvoljena količina vode u oblikovanom dijelu može iznositi 5 do 12% tež., a naročito 6 do 7% tež. In one form of performance, which is preferred, the allowed amount of water in the molded part can be 5 to 12% by weight, and especially 6 to 7% by weight.
Prednost ima fino dispergiran materijal od silicijevog dioksida, proizveden reakcijom alkalnog vodenog stakla i jedne mineralne kiseline sa ciljem taloženja silicij dioksida, koji se primjenjuje sam ili u mješavini s drugim silicijevim kiselinama ili praškastim tvarima. The advantage is a finely dispersed silica material, produced by the reaction of alkaline water glass and a mineral acid with the aim of depositing silica, which is applied alone or in a mixture with other silicic acids or powdered substances.
Ovakve istaložene silicijeve kiseline opisane su npr. u Ullmannovoj “Enciklopediji tehničke kemije”, IV. izdanje, sv. 21, str. 262. Such precipitated silicic acids are described, for example, in Ullmann's "Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry", IV. edition, vol. 21, p. 262.
Posebno pogodne su istaložene silicijeve kiseline koje su samljevene po uobičajenim postupcima (npr. u mlinovima s poprečnim strujanjem, klinastim mlinovima, mlinovima sa zračnim ili parnim strujanjem) i osušene u sušionici s bubnjem, etažnoj sušionici ili sušionici s raspršivanjem. Especially suitable are precipitated silicic acids that have been ground by conventional methods (eg in cross-flow mills, wedge mills, air or steam flow mills) and dried in a drum dryer, floor dryer or spray dryer.
Ovakve taložne silicijeve kiseline mogu se npr. dobiti pod slijedećim oznakama: Such precipitable silicic acids can be obtained, for example, under the following designations:
Sipernat 22 S, Sipernat 22 LS, Sipernat 50 S, FK 500 LS, FK 500 D, Fk 320 DS, FK 310, FK 700 DS. Sipernat 22 S, Sipernat 22 LS, Sipernat 50 S, FK 500 LS, FK 500 D, Fk 320 DS, FK 310, FK 700 DS.
Posebno se primjenjuju istaložene silicijeve kiseline koje su sušene raspršivanje i mljevene. Precipitated silicic acids that are spray-dried and ground are especially used.
Ovakve istaložene silicijeve kiseline mogu se dobiti pod oznakama: FK 500 LS ili Sipernat 22 LK. Such precipitated silicic acids can be obtained under the designations: FK 500 LS or Sipernat 22 LK.
Također se mogu primjeniti i slijedeće tvari ili kombinacije tvari: The following substances or combinations of substances can also be used:
Mješavine raznih istaloženih silicijevih kiselina kao npr. Sipernat 22 LS i FK 500 LS, Sipernat 22 LS i FK 320 DS, FK 500 LS i FK 320 DS, FK 500 LS i FK 500 DS, FK 500 LS i FK 700 DS, FK 700 DS i FK 310. Mixtures of various precipitated silicic acids, such as Sipernat 22 LS and FK 500 LS, Sipernat 22 LS and FK 320 DS, FK 500 LS and FK 320 DS, FK 500 LS and FK 500 DS, FK 500 LS and FK 700 DS, FK 700 DS and FK 310.
Mješavine od istaloženih i pirogenih silicijevih kiselina kao npr. Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS, FK 310, FK 700 DS i/ili FK 500 LS s Aerosilanom A 200 i/ili Aerosilom A 300. Mixtures of precipitated and pyrogenic silicic acids such as Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS, FK 310, FK 700 DS and/or FK 500 LS with Aerosilan A 200 and/or Aerosil A 300.
Mješavine istaloženih silicijevih kiselina i želea silicijeve kiseline kao što je Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS i/ili FK 500 LS s gelom silicijeve kiseline (npr. tipovi Syloid 72 i Syloid 244 tvrtek Grace, Worms). Mixtures of precipitated silicic acids and silicic acid jellies such as Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS and/or FK 500 LS with silicic acid gel (eg types Syloid 72 and Syloid 244 by Grace, Worms).
Mješavine istaloženih silicijevih kiselina i mineralnih tvari kao što je npr. Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS i/ili FK 500 LS s perlitom, kao linitom, montmorilonitom, tinjcem i/ili kalcij sulfatom (gipsom). Mixtures of precipitated silicic acids and mineral substances such as, for example, Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS and/or FK 500 LS with perlite, such as lignite, montmorillonite, clay and/or calcium sulfate (gypsum).
Mješavine istaloženih silicijevih kiselina i mljevenog stakla ili staklastih tvari kao npr. Sipernat 22 LS, fk 320 DS i/ili FK 500 LS sa staklenim brašnom i/ili vrlo finom staklenom vunom. Mixtures of precipitated silicic acids and ground glass or vitreous substances such as Sipernat 22 LS, fk 320 DS and/or FK 500 LS with glass flour and/or very fine glass wool.
Mješavine istaloženih silicijevih kiselina i čađe kao npr. Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS i/ili FK 500 LS sa čađom iz peći, plamenom čađom i/ili plinskom čađom. Mixtures of precipitated silicic acids and carbon black such as Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS and/or FK 500 LS with furnace black, flame black and/or gas black.
Mješavine istaloženih silicijevih kiselina i sintetičkih ili prirodnih silikatnih tvari kao npr. Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS i/ili FK 500 LS sa sintetičkim ili prirodnim zeolitom ili aluminij silikatima ili drugim silikatnim tvarima (kalcij silikat, dijatomejska zemlja, ekstruzil). Mixtures of precipitated silicic acids and synthetic or natural silicate substances such as Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS and/or FK 500 LS with synthetic or natural zeolite or aluminum silicates or other silicate substances (calcium silicate, diatomaceous earth, extrudil).
Mješavine istaloženih silicijevih kiselina i sintetičkih otpadnih tvari kao npr. Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DSi/iliFK 500 LS s letećim prašinama, pepelima iz termoelektrana, pepelima iz postrojenja za sagorijevanje svih vrsta. Mixtures of precipitated silicic acids and synthetic waste substances such as Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DSi/or FK 500 LS with flying dust, ashes from thermal power plants, ashes from combustion plants of all kinds.
Mješavine istaloženih silicijevih kiselina i i nemetalnih elemenata kao npr. Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS i/ili FK 500 sa sumporom i/ili samljevenim ugljenom. Mixtures of precipitated silicic acids and non-metallic elements such as Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS and/or FK 500 with sulfur and/or ground coal.
Mješavine istaloženih silicijevih kiselina i i vlakana kao npr. Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS i/ili FK 500 LS s anorganskim ili organskim vlaknima (viskozna vlakna ili fina vlakna od umjetnih tvari svih vrsta) Mixtures of precipitated silicic acids and fibers such as Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS and/or FK 500 LS with inorganic or organic fibers (viscous fibers or fine fibers made of artificial substances of all kinds)
Mješavine istaloženih silicijevih kiselina i i pirogenih metalnih oksida kao npr. Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DK i/ili FK 500 LS s pirogenim aluminij oksidom, željeznim oksidom i/ili titan dioksidom. Mixtures of precipitated silicic acids and pyrogenic metal oxides such as Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DK and/or FK 500 LS with pyrogenic aluminum oxide, iron oxide and/or titanium dioxide.
Pirogene silicijeve kiseline kao npr. A 200, A 300, A 380, A 450, OX 50, naročito prethodno obrađeni Aerosili, Aerosil MOX-tipovi, Aerosil COK 84. Pyrogenic silicic acids such as A 200, A 300, A 380, A 450, OX 50, especially pre-treated Aerosils, Aerosil MOX-types, Aerosil COK 84.
Mješavine raznih pirogenih silicijevih kiselina kao npr. A 200, ili A 300 sa naročitim prethodno obrađenim Aerosil-tipovima. Mixtures of various pyrogenic silicic acids such as A 200 or A 300 with special pre-treated Aerosil-types.
Mješavine pirogenih silicijevih kiselina i želea silicijevih kiselina, kao npr. A 200 i/ili A 300 s gelom silicijeve kiseline (kao npr. tipovi Syloid 72 i Syloid 244 tvrtke Grace, Worms). Mixtures of fumed silicic acids and silicic acid jellies, such as A 200 and/or A 300 with silica gel (such as types Syloid 72 and Syloid 244 by Grace, Worms).
Mješavine pirogenih silicijevih kiselina i mineralnih tvari, kao npr. A 200 i/ili A 300 s perlitom, kaolinitom, montmorilonitom, tinjcem i/ili kalcij sulfatom (gipsom). Mixtures of pyrogenic silicic acids and mineral substances, such as A 200 and/or A 300 with perlite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, slag and/or calcium sulfate (gypsum).
Mješavine pirogenih silicijevih kiselina i mljevenih stakala ili staklastih tvari, kao npr. A 200 i/ili A 300 sa staklenim brašnom i/ili vrlo finom staklenom vunom. Mixtures of fumed silicic acids and ground glasses or vitreous substances, such as A 200 and/or A 300 with glass flour and/or very fine glass wool.
Mješavine pirogenih silicijevih kiselina i čađe, plinske čađe, kao npr. A 200 i/ili A 300 s pećnom čađom, plamenom čađom i/ili plinskom čađom. Mixtures of fumed silicic acids and carbon black, gas carbon black, such as A 200 and/or A 300 with furnace carbon black, flame carbon black and/or gas carbon black.
Mješavine pirogenih silicijevih kiselina i sintetičkih ili prirodnih silikatnih tvari, kao npr. A 200 i/ili A 300 sa sintetičkim ili prirodnim zeolitima ili aluminij silikatima ili drugim silikatnim tvarima (kalcij silikat, dijatomejska zemlja, ekstrusil). Mixtures of pyrogenic silicic acids and synthetic or natural silicate substances, such as A 200 and/or A 300 with synthetic or natural zeolites or aluminum silicates or other silicate substances (calcium silicate, diatomaceous earth, extrusil).
Mješavine pirogenih silicijevih kiselina i sintetičkih otpadnih tvari, kao npr. A 200 i/ili A 300 s lebdećim prašinama, pepelom iz termoelektrana, pepelima iz postrojenja za sagorijevanje svih vrsta. Mixtures of pyrogenic silicic acids and synthetic waste materials, such as A 200 and/or A 300 with floating dust, ash from thermal power plants, ash from combustion plants of all kinds.
Mješavine pirogenih silicijevih kiselina i nemetalnih elemenata, kao npr. A 200 i/ili A 300 sa sumporom i/ili samljevenim ugljenom. Mixtures of pyrogenic silicic acids and non-metallic elements, such as A 200 and/or A 300 with sulfur and/or ground coal.
Mješavine pirogenih silicijevih kiselina i vlakana, kao npr. A 200 i/ili A 300 s anorganskim ili organskim vlaknima (viskozna vlakna ili fina sintetička vlakna svih vrsta). Mixtures of fumed silicic acids and fibers, such as A 200 and/or A 300 with inorganic or organic fibers (viscose fibers or fine synthetic fibers of all types).
Mješavine pirogenih silicijevih kiselina i pirogenih metalnih oksida kao npr. A 200 i/ili A 300 s pirogenim aluminij oksidom, željeznim oksidom, titan dioksidom. Mixtures of pyrogenic silicic acids and pyrogenic metal oxides such as A 200 and/or A 300 with pyrogenic aluminum oxide, iron oxide, titanium dioxide.
Mješavine čađe i gela silicijeve kiseline, ako npr. čađe ili mješavine čađe sa gelom silicijevih kiselina (npr. tipovi Syloid 72 i Syloid 244 tvrtke Grace, Worms). Mixtures of carbon black and silicic acid gel, if eg carbon black or mixtures of carbon black with silicic acid gel (eg types Syloid 72 and Syloid 244 by Grace, Worms).
Mješavine čađe i mineralnih tvari, ako npr. čađe ili mješavine čađe s montmorilonitom i/ili kalcij sulfatom (gipsom). Mixtures of carbon black and mineral substances, if eg carbon black or mixtures of carbon black with montmorillonite and/or calcium sulfate (gypsum).
Mješavine čađe i sintetičkih ili prirodnih silikatnih tvari, kao npr. čađe ili mješavine čađe sa sintetičkim ili prirodnim zeolitima ili aluminij silikatima ili drugim silikatnim tvarima (kalcij silikat, dijatomejska zemlja, ekstrusil). Mixtures of carbon black and synthetic or natural silicate substances, such as carbon black or mixtures of carbon black with synthetic or natural zeolites or aluminum silicates or other silicate substances (calcium silicate, diatomaceous earth, extrusil).
Mješavine čađe i pirogenih metalnih oksida kao npr. čađe ili mješavine čađe s pirogenim aluminij oksidom, željeznim oksidom, titan dioksidom. Mixtures of carbon black and pyrogenic metal oxides, such as carbon black or mixtures of carbon black with pyrogenic aluminum oxide, iron oxide, titanium dioxide.
Zeoliti (zeolitsko melekulsko sito), kao npr. zeolit A, zeolit X, zeolit Y, prethodno obrađeni zeoliti. Zeolites (zeolite molecular sieve), such as zeolite A, zeolite X, zeolite Y, pre-treated zeolites.
Mješavine različitih zeolita kao npr. zeolit X sa zeolitom Y. Mixtures of different zeolites, such as zeolite X and zeolite Y.
Mješavine zeolita i gela silicijeve kiseline, kao npr. zeolit ili mješavine zeolita sa gelom silicijeve kiseline (npr. tipovi Syloid 72 i Syloid 244 tvrtke Grace, Worms). Mixtures of zeolite and silica gel, such as zeolite or mixtures of zeolite with silica gel (eg types Syloid 72 and Syloid 244 from Grace, Worms).
Mješavine zeolita i mineralnih tvari, kao npr. zeoliti ili mješavine zeolita s perlitima, kaolinitom, montmorilonitom, tinjcem i/ili kalcij sulfatom (gipsom). Mixtures of zeolites and mineral substances, such as zeolites or mixtures of zeolites with perlites, kaolinite, montmorillonite, slag and/or calcium sulfate (gypsum).
Mješavine zeolita i mljevenog stakla ili staklastih tvari, kao npr. zeoliti ili mješavine zeolita sa staklenim brašnom i/ili vrlo finom staklenom vunom. Mixtures of zeolites and ground glass or glassy substances, such as zeolites or mixtures of zeolites with glass flour and/or very fine glass wool.
Mješavine zeolita i sintetičkih ili prirodnih silikatnih tvari, kao npr. zeoliti ili mješavine zeolita sa sintetičkim aluminij silikatima ili drugim silikatnim tvarima (kalcij silikat, dijatomejska zemlja, ekstrusil). Mixtures of zeolites and synthetic or natural silicate substances, such as zeolites or mixtures of zeolites with synthetic aluminum silicates or other silicate substances (calcium silicate, diatomaceous earth, extrusil).
Mješavine zeolita i sintetičkih otpadnih tvari, kao npr. zeoliti ili mješavine zeolita s lebdećim prašinama, pepelima iz termoelektrana, pepelima iz postrojenja za sagorijevanje svih vrsta. Mixtures of zeolites and synthetic waste materials, such as zeolites or mixtures of zeolites with floating dusts, ashes from thermal power plants, ashes from combustion plants of all kinds.
Mješavine zeolita i nemetalnih elemenata, kao npr. zeoliti ili mješavine zeolita sa sumporom i/ili mljevenim ugljenom. Mixtures of zeolites and non-metallic elements, such as zeolites or mixtures of zeolites with sulfur and/or ground coal.
Mješavine zeolita i vlakana, kao npr. zeoliti i mješavine zeolita s anorganskim ili organskim vlaknima (viskozna vlakna ili vrlo fina sintetička vlakna svih vrsta). Mixtures of zeolites and fibers, such as zeolites and mixtures of zeolites with inorganic or organic fibers (viscous fibers or very fine synthetic fibers of all kinds).
Mješavine zeolita i pirogenih metalnih oksida, kao npr. zeoliti ili mješavine zeolita s pirogenim aluminij oksidom, željezo oksidom, titan dioksidom. Mixtures of zeolites and pyrogenic metal oxides, such as zeolites or mixtures of zeolites with pyrogenic aluminum oxide, iron oxide, titanium dioxide.
Silika geli, kao npr. Syloid 72 i Syloid 244 (tvrtke Grace, Worms). Silica gels, such as Syloid 72 and Syloid 244 (Grace, Worms).
Mješavine raznih gela silicijevih kiselina, kao npr. Syloida 72 sa Syloidom 244 (tvrtke Grace, Worms), razni prethodno obrađeni geli silicijevih kiselina. Mixtures of various silicic acid gels, such as Syloid 72 with Syloid 244 (Grace, Worms), various pretreated silicic acid gels.
Mješavine silika gela i mineralnih tvari, kao npr. silika geli ili mješavine silika gela s perlitima, kaolinitom, montmorilonitom, tinjcem i/ili kalcij sulfatom (gipsom). Mixtures of silica gel and mineral substances, such as silica gels or mixtures of silica gel with perlites, kaolinite, montmorillonite, slag and/or calcium sulfate (gypsum).
Mješavine silika gela s mljevenim staklom ili staklastim tvarima, kao npr. silika geli ili mješavine silika gela sa staklenim brašnom i/ili vrlo finom staklenom vunom. Mixtures of silica gel with ground glass or vitreous substances, such as silica gels or mixtures of silica gel with glass flour and/or very fine glass wool.
Mješavine silika gela i sintetičkih ili prirodnih silikatnih tvari, kao npr. silika geli ili mješavine silika gela sa sintetičkim aluminij silikatima ili drugim silikatnim tvarima(kalcij silikat, dijatomejska zemlja, ekstrusil). Mixtures of silica gel and synthetic or natural silicate substances, such as silica gels or mixtures of silica gel with synthetic aluminum silicates or other silicate substances (calcium silicate, diatomaceous earth, extrusil).
Mješavine silika gela i sintetičkih otpadnih tvari, kao npr. silika geli ili mješavine silika gela s lebdećim prašinama, pepelima iz termoelektrana, pepelima iz postrojenja za sagorijevanje svih vrsta. Mixtures of silica gel and synthetic waste materials, such as silica gels or mixtures of silica gel with floating dusts, ashes from thermal power plants, ashes from combustion plants of all kinds.
Mješavine silika gela i nemetalnih elemenata, kao npr. silika geli ili mješavine silika gela sa sumporom i/ili mljevenim ugljenom. Mixtures of silica gel and non-metallic elements, such as silica gels or mixtures of silica gel with sulfur and/or ground coal.
Mješavine silika gela i vlakana, kao npr. silika gela ili mješavine silika gela s anorganskim ili organskim vlaknima (viskozna vlakna ili fina sintetička vlakna svih vrsta). Mixtures of silica gel and fibers, such as silica gel or mixtures of silica gel with inorganic or organic fibers (viscose fibers or fine synthetic fibers of all types).
Mješavine silika gela i pirogenih metalnih oksida kao npr. silika gela ili mješavine silika gela s pirogenim aluminij oksidom, željeznim oksidom, titan dioksidom. Mixtures of silica gel and pyrogenic metal oxides, such as silica gel or mixtures of silica gel with pyrogenic aluminum oxide, iron oxide, titanium dioxide.
Mješavine raznih aluminij silikata, kao npr. različiti tipovi aluminij silikata, različito prethodno obrađenih aluminij silikata. Mixtures of different aluminum silicates, such as different types of aluminum silicates, different pre-treated aluminum silicates.
Mješavine aluminij silikata i mineralnih tvari, kao npr. aluminij silikati ili mješavine aluminij silikata s perlitima, kaolinitom, montmorilonitom, tinjcem i/ili kalcij sulfatom (gipsom). Mixtures of aluminum silicates and mineral substances, such as aluminum silicates or mixtures of aluminum silicates with perlites, kaolinite, montmorillonite, clay and/or calcium sulfate (gypsum).
Mješavine aluminij silikata i mljevenog stakla ili staklastih tvari, kao npr. aluminij silikata ili mješavine aluminij silikata sa staklenim brašnom i/ili vrlo finom staklenom vunom. Mixtures of aluminum silicate and ground glass or vitreous substances, such as, for example, aluminum silicate or mixtures of aluminum silicate with glass flour and/or very fine glass wool.
Mješavine aluminij silikata i sintetičkih ili prirodnih silikatnih tvari, kao npr. aluminij silikati ili mješavine aluminij silikata s drugim silikatnim tvarima (kalcij silikat, dijatomejska zemlja, ekstrusil). Mixtures of aluminum silicates and synthetic or natural silicate substances, such as aluminum silicates or mixtures of aluminum silicates with other silicate substances (calcium silicate, diatomaceous earth, extrusil).
Mješavine aluminij silikata i sintetičkih otpadnih tvari, kao npr. aluminij silikati i mješavine aluminij silikata s lebdećim prašinama, pepelima iz termoelektrana, pepelima iz postrojenja za sagorijevanje svih vrsta. Mixtures of aluminum silicates and synthetic waste materials, such as aluminum silicates and mixtures of aluminum silicates with floating dusts, ashes from thermal power plants, ashes from combustion plants of all kinds.
Mješavine aluminij silikata i nemetalnih elemenata, kao npr. aluminij silikata ili mješavine aluminij silikata sa sumporom i/ili mljevenim ugljenom. Mixtures of aluminum silicate and non-metallic elements, such as aluminum silicate or mixtures of aluminum silicate with sulfur and/or ground coal.
Mješavine aluminij silikata i vlakana, kao npr. aluminj silikati i mješavine aluminij silikata s anorganskim ili organskim vlaknima (viskozna vlakna ili fina sintetička vlakna svih vrsta). Mixtures of aluminum silicates and fibers, such as aluminum silicates and mixtures of aluminum silicates with inorganic or organic fibers (viscose fibers or fine synthetic fibers of all kinds).
Mješavine aluminij silikata i pirogenih metalnih oksida, kao npr. aluminij silikata ili mješavine aluminij silikata s pirogenim aluminij oksidom, željezo oksidom, titan dioksidom. Mixtures of aluminum silicate and pyrogenic metal oxides, such as aluminum silicate or mixtures of aluminum silicate with pyrogenic aluminum oxide, iron oxide, titanium dioxide.
Metalni oksidi (pirogeni ili istaloženi), kao npr. aluminij oksid, željezo oksid, titan dioksid, cirkonij dioksid. Metal oxides (pyrogenic or precipitated), such as aluminum oxide, iron oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide.
Mješavine raznih metalnih oksida (pirogenih ili istaloženih), kao npr. aluminij oksid s raznim željezo oksidima, aluminij oksid s titan dioksidom, titan dioksid s raznim željezo oksidima. Mixtures of various metal oxides (pyrogenic or precipitated), such as aluminum oxide with various iron oxides, aluminum oxide with titanium dioxide, titanium dioxide with various iron oxides.
Mješavine metalnih oksida (pirogenih ili istaloženih) i mineralnih tvari, kao npr. aluminij oksid, razni željezo oksidi, titan dioksid i/ili cirkonij dioksid s perlitima, kaolinitom, montmorilonitom, tinjcem i/ili kalcij sulfatom (gipsom). Mixtures of metal oxides (pyrogenic or precipitated) and mineral substances, such as aluminum oxide, various iron oxides, titanium dioxide and/or zirconium dioxide with pearlites, kaolinite, montmorillonite, slag and/or calcium sulfate (gypsum).
Mješavine metalnih oksida (pirogenih ili istaloženih) i mljevenih stakala ili staklastih tvari, kao npr. aluminij oksid, razni željezni oksidi, titan dioksid i/ili cirkonij dioksid sa staklenim brašnom i/ili vrlo finom staklenom vunom. Mixtures of metal oxides (pyrogenic or precipitated) and ground glasses or vitreous substances, such as aluminum oxide, various iron oxides, titanium dioxide and/or zirconium dioxide with glass flour and/or very fine glass wool.
Mješavine metalnih oksida (pirogenih ili istaloženih) i sintetičkih ili prirodnih silikatnih tvari, kao npr. aluminijevih oksida, raznih željeznih oksida, titan dioksida i/ili cirkonij dioksida sa silikatnim tvarima (kalcij silikat, dijatomejska zemlja, ekstrusil). Mixtures of metal oxides (pyrogenic or precipitated) and synthetic or natural silicate substances, such as aluminum oxides, various iron oxides, titanium dioxide and/or zirconium dioxide with silicate substances (calcium silicate, diatomaceous earth, extrusil).
Mješavine metalnih oksida (pirogenih ili istaloženih) i i sintetičkih otpadnih tvari, kao npr. aluminij oksida, raznih željezo oksida, titan dioksida i/ili cirkonij dioksida s lebdećim prašinama, pepelima iz termoelektrana, pepelima iz postrojenja za sagorijevanje svih vrsta. Mixtures of metal oxides (pyrogenic or precipitated) and synthetic waste substances, such as aluminum oxide, various iron oxides, titanium dioxide and/or zirconium dioxide with floating dust, ashes from thermal power plants, ashes from combustion plants of all kinds.
Mješavine metalnih oksida (pirogenih ili istaloženih) i nemetalnih elemenata, kao npr. aluminij oksida, raznih željezo oksida, titan dioksida i/ili cirkonij dioksida sa sumporom i/ili mljevenim ugljenom. Mixtures of metal oxides (pyrogenic or precipitated) and non-metallic elements, such as aluminum oxide, various iron oxides, titanium dioxide and/or zirconium dioxide with sulfur and/or ground coal.
Mješavine metalnih oksida (pirogenih ili istaloženih) i vlakana, kao npr. aluminij oksida, raznih željezo oksida, titan dioksida i/ili cirkonij dioksida s anorganskim ili organskim vlaknima (viskozna vlakna ili fina sintetička vlakna svih vrsta). Mixtures of metal oxides (pyrogenic or precipitated) and fibers, such as aluminum oxide, various iron oxides, titanium dioxide and/or zirconium dioxide with inorganic or organic fibers (viscose fibers or fine synthetic fibers of all types).
Kao istaložene silicijeve kiseline mogu se nadalje upotrijebiti još i: The following can also be used as precipitated silicic acids:
HISIL T 600, HISIL T 690 tvrtke PPG, HISIL T 600, HISIL T 690 from PPG,
Tixosil 333, tvrtke Rhone-Poulenc, Tixosil 333, Rhone-Poulenc company,
Hoesch SM 614, tvrtke AKZO, Hoesch SM 614, company AKZO,
Zeothix 265 i Zeothix 177, tvrtke Huber. Zeothix 265 and Zeothix 177, from Huber.
Kao ovoji koji se mogu primijeniti prema izumu mogu se opisati poznate folije odnosno višeslojne folije, a koje su npr. opisane u radovima: As wraps that can be used according to the invention, known foils or multi-layer foils can be described, which are, for example, described in the works:
H. Hinsken: “Vezne folije od polimernih materijala u pakiranju - pregled”, Kunststoffe 77 (1987), str. 461, H. Hinsken: "Binder foils from polymer materials in packaging - an overview", Kunststoffe 77 (1987), p. 461,
Aboycen: “pregradni polimerni materijali za pakiranje - usporedbe”, Kunststoffe, 77 (1987), str. 522. Aboycen: "Polymer barrier materials for packaging - comparisons", Kunststoffe, 77 (1987), p. 522.
Ovoj koji sadrži metale može pored toga imati propusnost vodene pare od 0,1 do 0,5 g/(m2.d), pri 23°C i 85% relativne vlage. Propusnost za druge plinove (npr. O2, N2, CO2) u zbroju ne smije biti veća od 0,5 cm3/(m2.d.bara) pri 23°C. Propusnost za plinove je u odnosu na propusnost za vodenu paru niža za faktor 1000, te prema tome može biti zanemarena. (0,5 g/(m2.d) vode odgovara otprilike volumenu od 600 cm3/(m2.d) vodene pare). This one containing metals can also have a water vapor permeability of 0.1 to 0.5 g/(m2.d), at 23°C and 85% relative humidity. Permeability for other gases (eg O2, N2, CO2) in total must not exceed 0.5 cm3/(m2.d.bar) at 23°C. The permeability for gases is lower by a factor of 1000 than the permeability for water vapor, and therefore can be neglected. (0.5 g/(m2.d) of water corresponds approximately to a volume of 600 cm3/(m2.d) of water vapor).
Za oblikovane komade u skladu s izumom pogodni su fino dispergirane praškaste, odnosno vlaknaste tvari koje imaju kapacitet upijanja vode od 4 do 50% tež. pri 23°C i 85% relativne vlage. Finely dispersed powdery or fibrous substances with a water absorption capacity of 4 to 50% by weight are suitable for shaped pieces in accordance with the invention. at 23°C and 85% relative humidity.
Količina vode koju fino dispergirane tvari smiju upiti pri primjeni u oblikovanim dijelovima u skladu s izumom u pravilu je manja od njihovog upijanja vode. Granična vrijednost dozvoljenog upijanja vode u toplinski izolacijskim tijelima odgovara količini vode kod koje se toplinsku vodljivost oblikovanih komada ne povećava toplinsku za više od 25% u odnosu na suhi oblikovani dio. Za proizvodnju jednog suhog oblikovanog dijela koristi se jedan fino dispergirani materijal, koji je osušen prema DIN-u 55 921. Prednost se daje ovoj odgovarajućoj količini vode, koju jedno toplinski izolacijsko tijelo smije upiti, a koje je između 2 i 15% u odnosu na suho sredstvo za punjenje. The amount of water that finely dispersed substances can absorb when used in molded parts according to the invention is generally less than their water absorption. The limit value of allowed water absorption in heat insulating bodies corresponds to the amount of water where the thermal conductivity of the molded pieces does not increase thermally by more than 25% compared to the dry molded part. For the production of a dry molded part, a finely dispersed material is used, which has been dried according to DIN 55 921. Preference is given to this appropriate amount of water, which a heat insulating body is allowed to absorb, which is between 2 and 15% in relation to dry filler.
Toplinski izolacijska tijela u skladu s izumom imaju, u usporedbi s toplinski izolacijskim tijelima prema dosadašnjem stanju tehnike, tu prednost, što je primjenom bezmetalne folije za omatanje ili ovoja koji ne sadrži metale, toplinska vodljivost u predjelu rubova toplinski izolacijskog tijela tako niska da ona tek neznatno utječe na toplinsku vodljivost oblikovanog komada od oko 8 mW/m.K (mjereno prema apsolutnom postupku s jednom pločom sa zateznim prstenom za toplinsku izolaciju proizvedenu od taložne silicijeve kiseline FK 500 LS). Thermal insulation bodies in accordance with the invention have, in comparison with thermal insulation bodies according to the current state of the art, the advantage that by using metal-free wrapping foil or wrapping that does not contain metals, the thermal conductivity in the area of the edges of the thermal insulation body is so low that it only it slightly affects the thermal conductivity of the molded piece of about 8 mW/m.K (measured according to the absolute procedure with a single plate with a tension ring for thermal insulation produced from precipitated silicic acid FK 500 LS).
Na ovaj način mogu se od toplinski izolacijskog dijela prema izumu proizvesti npr. posude koje su pogodne za uskladištenje i/ili transport roba osjetljivih prema temperaturi (primjeri ovoga su transportne posude u jednom smjeru za lijekove ili injekcijske otopine osjetljive prema temperaturi). In this way, e.g. containers suitable for storage and/or transport of temperature-sensitive goods can be produced from the heat-insulating part according to the invention (examples of this are one-way transport containers for medicines or temperature-sensitive injection solutions).
U slijedećim tablicama navedeni su primjeri toplinske vodljivosti toplinski izolacijskih tijela koja su izrađena od folija za omatanje koje sadrže metale i koje ne sadrže metale. Toplinske vodljivosti mjere se uvijek prema apsolutnom postupku za jednu ploču sa zaštitnim prstenom kao i prema postupku tehnike mjerenja bez zaštitnog prstena. U postupku tehnike mjerenja bez zaštitnog prstena toplinske struje, koja kroz foliju za omatanje teče s jedne strane pločastog toplinski izolacijskog tijela ka drugoj strani, ne kompenzira se, pri čemu se tako dobije vrijednost ukupne toplinske vodljivosti toplinski izolacijskog tijela (ovisno o geometriji i veličini oblikovanog komada). The following tables show examples of the thermal conductivity of heat-insulating bodies that are made of metal-containing and non-metal-containing wrapping foils. Thermal conductivities are always measured according to the absolute procedure for one plate with a protective ring as well as according to the procedure of the measurement technique without a protective ring. In the process of measurement technique without a protective ring, the thermal current, which flows through the wrapping film from one side of the plate thermal insulation body to the other side, is not compensated, whereby the value of the total thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation body is thus obtained (depending on the geometry and size of the shaped pieces).
Sredstvo za punjenje: FK 500 LS Filling agent: FK 500 LS
Dimenzije: 250 mm x 250 mm x 20 mm Dimensions: 250 mm x 250 mm x 20 mm
Toplinske vodljivosti različitih toplinski izolacijskih tijela kao funkcija mjerne metode pri 23°C. Thermal conductivities of different heat insulating bodies as a function of measurement method at 23°C.
[image] [image]
Praškasti odnosno vlaknasti materijali primijenjeni u skladu s izumom, naznačeni su slijedećim fizičko-kemijskim značajkama, prema tablicama 1, 2, 3 i 4: Powdered or fibrous materials used in accordance with the invention are characterized by the following physical and chemical characteristics, according to tables 1, 2, 3 and 4:
Tablica 1 Table 1
[image] [image]
1) Prema DIN-u 52 194 1) According to DIN 52 194
2) Prema DIN-u 52 991 2) According to DIN 52 991
3) Prema DIN-u 53 200 3) According to DIN 53 200
4) Prema DIN-u 53 580 4) According to DIN 53 580
5) Odnosi se na tvar žarenu 2 sata pri 1000°C. 5) Refers to a substance annealed for 2 hours at 1000°C.
7) Odnosi se na tvar sušenu 2 sata pri 105°C. 7) Refers to a substance dried for 2 hours at 105°C.
10) Sadržaj HCl-a je sastavni dio gubitka žarenjem. 10) The HCl content is an integral part of the loss on annealing.
Tablica 2 Table 2
[image] [image]
1) Prema DIN-u 66 131. 1) According to DIN 66 131.
2) Prema DIN ISO 787/XI, JIS K 5101/78 (neprosijano). 2) According to DIN ISO 787/XI, JIS K 5101/78 (unscreened).
3) Prema DIN ISO 787/II, ASTM D 280, JIS K 5101/21. 3) According to DIN ISO 787/II, ASTM D 280, JIS K 5101/21.
4) Prema DIN-u 55 921, ASTM D 1208, JIS K 5101/23. 4) According to DIN 55 921, ASTM D 1208, JIS K 5101/23.
5) Prema DIN ISO 787/IX, ASTM D 1208, JIS K 5101/24. 5) According to DIN ISO 787/IX, ASTM D 1208, JIS K 5101/24.
6) Prema DIN-u 53 601, ASTM D 2414. 6) According to DIN 53 601, ASTM D 2414.
7) Prema DIN ISO 787/XVIII, JIS K 5101/20. 7) According to DIN ISO 787/XVIII, JIS K 5101/20.
8) Coulter Counter, kapilara 100 µm. 8) Coulter Counter, capillary 100 µm.
10) Odnosi se na tvar sušenu 2 sata pri 105°C. 10) Refers to a substance dried for 2 hours at 105°C.
11) Odnosi se na tvar žarenu 2 sata pri 1000°C. 11) Refers to a substance annealed for 2 hours at 1000°C.
Tablica 3 Table 3
[image] [image]
89 136 FH 89 136 FH
1) Prema DIN-u 66 131 1) According to DIN 66 131
2) Prema DIN ISO 787/XI, JIS K 5101/18 (neprosijano). 2) According to DIN ISO 787/XI, JIS K 5101/18 (unscreened).
3) Prema DIN ISO 787/II, ASTM D 280, JIS K 5101/21. 3) According to DIN ISO 787/II, ASTM D 280, JIS K 5101/21.
4) Prema DIN-u 55 921, ASTM D 1208, JIS K 5101/23. 4) According to DIN 55 921, ASTM D 1208, JIS K 5101/23.
5) Prema DIN ISO 787/IX, ASTM D 1208, JIS K 5101/24. 5) According to DIN ISO 787/IX, ASTM D 1208, JIS K 5101/24.
6) Prema DIN-u 53 601, ASTM D 2414. 6) According to DIN 53 601, ASTM D 2414.
7) Prema DIN ISO 787/XVIII, JIS K 5101/20. 7) According to DIN ISO 787/XVIII, JIS K 5101/20.
9) Coulter Counter, kapilara 50 µm. 9) Coulter Counter, capillary 50 µm.
10) Odnosi se na tvar sušenu 2 sata pri 105°C. 10) Refers to a substance dried for 2 hours at 105°C.
11) Odnosi se na tvar žarenu 2 sata pri 1000°C. 11) Refers to a substance annealed for 2 hours at 1000°C.
Tablica 4 Table 4
[image] [image]
Slijede primjeri koji pokazuju kako sadržaj vode u toplinski izolacijskom tijelu utječe na toplinsku vodljivost. The following are examples that show how the water content in a thermally insulating body affects thermal conductivity.
Mjerenje se vrši apsolutnim postupkom s jednom pločom sa zaštitnim prstenom po Kohlrauschu pri 23°C. The measurement is made by the absolute method with one plate with a protective ring according to Kohlrausch at 23°C.
1.) FK 500 LS 1.) FK 500 LS
Utjecaj sadržaja vlage na toplinsku vodljivost Effect of moisture content on thermal conductivity
Tlačna gustoća: 200 g/l Compression density: 200 g/l
Sadržaj vlage prilagođen mikrovalno. Microwave adjusted moisture content.
[image] [image]
*) Sadržaj vlage u tež. % u odnosu prema suhoj tvari. *) Moisture content by weight. % in relation to dry matter.
**) Unutrašnji tlak (tlak u toplinski izolacijskom tijelu) izmjeren nakon mjerenja toplinske vodljivosti. **) Internal pressure (pressure in the heat insulating body) measured after measuring the thermal conductivity.
Ovi rezultati grafički su prikazani na slici 1. These results are graphically presented in Figure 1.
2.) FK 500 LS 2.) FK 500 LS
Utjecaj sadržaja vlage na toplinsku vodljivost Effect of moisture content on thermal conductivity
Tlačna gustoća: 200 g/l. Compression density: 200 g/l.
Sadržaj vlage prilagođava se sušenjem u sušionici s optočnim zrakom (105 - 110°C). The moisture content is adjusted by drying in a dryer with circulating air (105 - 110°C).
[image] [image]
*) Sadržaj vlage u tež. % u odnosu na suhu tvar. *) Moisture content by weight. % in relation to dry matter.
**) Unutrašnji tlak (tlak u toplinski izolacijskom tijelu) izmjeren nakon mjerenja toplinske vodljivosti. **) Internal pressure (pressure in the heat insulating body) measured after measuring the thermal conductivity.
Ovi rezultati grafički su prikazani na slici 2. These results are shown graphically in Figure 2.
3.) FK 320 DS 3.) FK 320 DS
Utjecaj sadržaja vlage na toplinsku vodljivost Effect of moisture content on thermal conductivity
Tlačna gustoća: 210 g/l Compression density: 210 g/l
Sadržaj vlage prilagođava se sušenjem u sušionici s optočnim zrakom (105 - 110°C). The moisture content is adjusted by drying in a dryer with circulating air (105 - 110°C).
[image] [image]
*) Sadržaj vlage u tež. % u odnosu na suhu tvar. *) Moisture content by weight. % in relation to dry matter.
**) Unutrašnji tlak (tlak u toplinski izolacijskom tijelu) izmjeren nakon mjerenja toplinske vodljivosti. **) Internal pressure (pressure in the heat insulating body) measured after measuring the thermal conductivity.
Ovi rezultati grafički su prikazani na slici 3. These results are graphically presented in Figure 3.
Primjeri za proračun vijeka trajanja toplinski izolacijskih tijela Examples for calculating the lifetime of heat insulating bodies
Grafičkim prikazom ovisnosti toplinske vodljivosti o sadržaju vlage može se za svako punilo odrediti granična vrijednost upijanja vode. By graphical representation of the dependence of thermal conductivity on moisture content, the limit value of water absorption can be determined for each filler.
Toplinska izolacijska tijela sa silicijevom kiselinom kao punilom i sadržajem vlage koji odgovara graničnoj vrijednosti ima još uvijek dobra izolacijska svojstva. Kod većeg sadržaja vlage povećava se kako toplinska vodljivost tako i unutrašnji tlak (tlak u toplinski izolacijskom tijelu). Posljedica ovoga je postupno opadanje izolacijskih svojstava. Thermal insulating bodies with silicic acid as a filler and a moisture content that corresponds to the limit value still have good insulating properties. With a higher moisture content, both the thermal conductivity and the internal pressure (pressure in the heat insulating body) increase. The consequence of this is a gradual decrease in insulating properties.
Iz slika 1, 2 i 3 mogu se dobiti sadržaji vlažnosti za silicijeve kiseline FK 500 LS i FK 320 DS, koje su dozvoljene ako se s upijanjem vode toplinska vodljivost toplinski izolacijskih materijala pogorša za najviše 25%. Pri tome polazi od silicijevih kiselina koje su osušene prema DIN-u 55 921. Figures 1, 2 and 3 show the moisture contents for silicic acids FK 500 LS and FK 320 DS, which are allowed if the thermal conductivity of thermal insulation materials deteriorates by a maximum of 25% due to water absorption. It starts from silicic acids that have been dried according to DIN 55 921.
Rezultati the results
FK 500 LS: granična vrijednost: sadržaj vlage 7%. FK 500 LS: limit value: moisture content 7%.
FK 320 DS: granična vrijednost: sadržaj vlage 6%. FK 320 DS: limit value: moisture content 6%.
Kod poznatih omjera silicijevih kiselina i mjerenja toplinski izolacijskog tijela izračunaju se ove granične vrijednosti (maksimalno dozvoljena količIna vode) prema jednadžbi: With known ratios of silicic acids and measurements of the heat insulating body, these limit values (maximum allowed amount of water) are calculated according to the equation:
[image] [image]
1.) FK 500 LS 1.) FK 500 LS
Granična vrijednost: sadržaj vlage 7%. Limit value: moisture content 7%.
a) tlačna gustoća materijala: 180 g/l (dimenzije 80 x 60 x 2 cm) a) compressive density of the material: 180 g/l (dimensions 80 x 60 x 2 cm)
volumen: 9,6 l volume: 9.6 l
masa silicijeve kiseline: 1728 g mass of silicic acid: 1728 g
maksimalna količina vode: 120,96 g maximum amount of water: 120.96 g
b) tlačna gustoća materijala: 200 g/l (dimenzije 80 x 60 x 2 cm) b) compressive density of the material: 200 g/l (dimensions 80 x 60 x 2 cm)
volumen: 9,6 l volume: 9.6 l
masa silicijeve kiseline: 1920 g mass of silicic acid: 1920 g
maksimalna količIna vode: 134,4 g maximum amount of water: 134.4 g
2.) FK 320 DS 2.) FK 320 DS
Granična vrijednost: sadržaj vlage 6%. Limit value: moisture content 6%.
a) tlačna gustoća materijala: 200 g/l (dimenzije 80 x 62 x 2 cm) a) compressive density of the material: 200 g/l (dimensions 80 x 62 x 2 cm)
volumen: 9,6 l volume: 9.6 l
masa silicijeve kiseline: 1920 g mass of silicic acid: 1920 g
maksimalna količIna vode: 115,2 g maximum amount of water: 115.2 g
b) tlačna gustoća materijala: 220 g/l (dimenzije 80 x 62 x 2 cm) b) compressive density of the material: 220 g/l (dimensions 80 x 62 x 2 cm)
volumen: 9,6 l volume: 9.6 l
masa silicijeve kiseline: 2112 g mass of silicic acid: 2112 g
maksimalna količIna vode: 126,72 g maximum amount of water: 126.72 g
Pomoću sljedeće jednadžbe može se iz granične vrijednosti za propusnost vodene pare kod poznatih folija procijeniti vijek trajanja toplinski izolacijskog tijela: Using the following equation, the service life of the heat insulating body can be estimated from the limit value for water vapor permeability of known foils:
[image] [image]
Dimenzije: Dimensions:
Granična vrijednost (maksimalna količIna vode): (g) Limit value (maximum amount of water): (g)
Površina razmjene: (m2) Exchange area: (m2)
Propusnost vodene pare: g/m2.d Water vapor permeability: g/m2.d
S jednom folijom za omatanje koja ima propusnost vodene pare 0,3 g/(m2.d) izračunava se, npr. za jedno toplinski izolacijsko tijelo, a koje je proizvedeno primjenom FK 500 LS, slijedeći vijek trajanja: With one wrapping film that has a water vapor permeability of 0.3 g/(m2.d), the following service life is calculated, for example, for one thermal insulation body, which was produced using FK 500 LS:
Punilo: FK 500 LS Filler: FK 500 LS
Tlačna gustoća: 180 g/l Compression density: 180 g/l
Dimenzije: dimenzije 100 cm x 50 cm x 2 cm Dimensions: dimensions 100 cm x 50 cm x 2 cm
Granična vrijednost (sadržaj vlage): 7% tež. (=126 g) Limit value (moisture content): 7% by weight. (=126 g)
Maksimalna količIna vode: 126 g Maximum amount of water: 126 g
Površina razmjene: 1,06 m2 Exchange area: 1.06 m2
Propusnost vodene pare: 0,03 g/m2/d Water vapor permeability: 0.03 g/m2/d
[image] [image]
U slijedećim tablicama dati su primjeri koliki se vijek može postići s komercijalnim folijama (niže propusnosti vodene pare) za toplinski izolacijska tijela proizvedena od taložnih silicijevih kiselina FK 500 LS i FK 320 DS. The following tables give examples of how much life can be achieved with commercial foils (lower water vapor permeability) for thermal insulation bodies produced from precipitated silicic acids FK 500 LS and FK 320 DS.
Vijek trajanja toplinski izolacijskog tijela ovisno o propusnosti vodene pare različitih folija The lifetime of the heat insulating body depends on the water vapor permeability of different films
FK 500 LS: maksimalno dozvoljen sadržaj vlage: 7% FK 500 LS: maximum allowed moisture content: 7%
Dimenzije: 100 cm x 50 cm x 2 cm Dimensions: 100 cm x 50 cm x 2 cm
FK 320 DS: maksimalno dozvoljen sadržaj vlage: 6% FK 320 DS: maximum allowed moisture content: 6%
Površina razmjene: 1,06 m2 Exchange area: 1.06 m2
[image] [image]
*) Izmjereno pri temperaturi 23°C i 85% relativne vlage. *) Measured at a temperature of 23°C and 85% relative humidity.
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3915170A DE3915170A1 (en) | 1989-05-10 | 1989-05-10 | FORMKOERPER FOR HEAT INSULATION |
| YU90090A YU47131B (en) | 1989-05-10 | 1990-05-09 | PHASE PIECE FOR THERMAL INSULATION |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HRP920745A2 true HRP920745A2 (en) | 1995-04-30 |
| HRP920745B1 HRP920745B1 (en) | 1998-02-28 |
Family
ID=6380332
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| HRP-900/90A HRP920745B1 (en) | 1989-05-10 | 1992-10-01 | Formed bodies for thermal insulation |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0396961B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2619970B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE77465T1 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD298021A5 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3915170A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0396961T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2042131T3 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3005334T3 (en) |
| HR (1) | HRP920745B1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU214786B (en) |
| PT (1) | PT93988B (en) |
| YU (1) | YU47131B (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4029405A1 (en) * | 1990-03-16 | 1991-09-19 | Degussa | FORMKOERPER FOR HEAT INSULATION |
| DE4019870A1 (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1992-01-09 | Degussa | VACUUM INSULATION PANEL WITH ASYMMETRIC CONSTRUCTION |
| DE4106727C2 (en) * | 1991-03-02 | 1995-11-16 | Porotherm Daemmstoffe Gmbh | Process for the production of encased microporous molded thermal bodies |
| TR25085A (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1992-11-01 | Degussa Ag Dallare Ind Limited | CONSTRUCTION OF HIGH CRYSTALIZATION RANGE FOR HIGH CRYSTALIZATION SPEED FOR GLASSING ELEMENTS OF HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL ACTION AND WINDOW BULBS. |
| GB2256192B (en) * | 1991-06-01 | 1994-11-09 | Micropore International Ltd | Thermal insulation material |
| DE4407026A1 (en) * | 1994-03-04 | 1995-09-07 | Heraeus Industrietechnik Gmbh | Thermal insulation, method of thermal insulation, thermally insulating housing and its use |
| DE19706642A1 (en) * | 1997-02-20 | 1998-08-27 | Apack Verpackungen Gmbh | Production of biodegradable, moisture-impermeable article |
| DE10058566C2 (en) * | 2000-08-03 | 2002-10-31 | Va Q Tec Ag | Foil-wrapped, evacuated thermal insulation body and manufacturing process for it |
| DE102004031967B4 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2015-01-15 | Porextherm Dämmstoffe GmbH | Process for producing a vacuum insulation molding |
| DE102008040367A1 (en) | 2008-07-11 | 2010-02-25 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Component for the production of vacuum insulation systems |
| ES2424219T3 (en) | 2009-02-13 | 2013-09-30 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | A thermal insulation material comprising precipitated silica |
| DE102010040557A1 (en) * | 2010-09-10 | 2012-03-15 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Vacuum body for a refrigeration device |
| DE202022102705U1 (en) | 2022-05-17 | 2022-05-31 | Cbg Composites Gmbh | Thermally insulating 3D product made of basalt fiber |
| DE202024100516U1 (en) | 2024-02-02 | 2024-02-14 | Cbg Composites Gmbh | Gas-permeable 3D thermal insulation product made from basalt fibers |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3229318A1 (en) * | 1982-08-05 | 1984-02-09 | Grünzweig + Hartmann und Glasfaser AG, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Thermal insulating element made of a highly disperse insulating material and compacted by pressing, as well as process for the manufacture thereof |
| US4435468A (en) * | 1982-02-12 | 1984-03-06 | Kennecott Corp. | Seamless ceramic fiber composite articles and method and apparatus for their production |
| DE3418637A1 (en) * | 1984-05-18 | 1985-11-21 | Wacker-Chemie GmbH, 8000 München | THERMAL INSULATION BODY WITH COVER |
| US4681788A (en) * | 1986-07-31 | 1987-07-21 | General Electric Company | Insulation formed of precipitated silica and fly ash |
-
1989
- 1989-05-10 DE DE3915170A patent/DE3915170A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-04-25 DK DK90107803.0T patent/DK0396961T3/en active
- 1990-04-25 ES ES199090107803T patent/ES2042131T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-25 AT AT90107803T patent/ATE77465T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-25 DE DE9090107803T patent/DE59000169D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-25 EP EP90107803A patent/EP0396961B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-08 DD DD90340472A patent/DD298021A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-09 YU YU90090A patent/YU47131B/en unknown
- 1990-05-09 HU HU902977A patent/HU214786B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-09 PT PT93988A patent/PT93988B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-10 JP JP2118848A patent/JP2619970B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-08-04 GR GR920401672T patent/GR3005334T3/el unknown
- 1992-10-01 HR HRP-900/90A patent/HRP920745B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3915170A1 (en) | 1990-11-15 |
| GR3005334T3 (en) | 1993-05-24 |
| DD298021A5 (en) | 1992-01-30 |
| JPH0348095A (en) | 1991-03-01 |
| EP0396961B1 (en) | 1992-06-17 |
| JP2619970B2 (en) | 1997-06-11 |
| ATE77465T1 (en) | 1992-07-15 |
| HU902977D0 (en) | 1990-09-28 |
| PT93988B (en) | 1996-11-29 |
| YU47131B (en) | 1994-12-28 |
| DK0396961T3 (en) | 1992-08-17 |
| HUT55517A (en) | 1991-05-28 |
| HU214786B (en) | 1998-05-28 |
| PT93988A (en) | 1991-01-08 |
| DE59000169D1 (en) | 1992-07-23 |
| ES2042131T3 (en) | 1993-12-01 |
| EP0396961A1 (en) | 1990-11-14 |
| HRP920745B1 (en) | 1998-02-28 |
| YU90090A (en) | 1991-08-31 |
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