EP4195645A1 - Procédé de mesure de la densité spectrale de couleur dans l'impression couleur - Google Patents

Procédé de mesure de la densité spectrale de couleur dans l'impression couleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4195645A1
EP4195645A1 EP21213370.6A EP21213370A EP4195645A1 EP 4195645 A1 EP4195645 A1 EP 4195645A1 EP 21213370 A EP21213370 A EP 21213370A EP 4195645 A1 EP4195645 A1 EP 4195645A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
color
spectral
measuring
printing
measured
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21213370.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian SALLINGER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Improve Process Analytics And Control GmbH
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Improve Process Analytics And Control GmbH
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Publication date
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Priority to EP21213370.6A priority Critical patent/EP4195645A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2022/084983 priority patent/WO2023104966A1/fr
Publication of EP4195645A1 publication Critical patent/EP4195645A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/46—Colour picture communication systems
    • H04N1/56—Processing of colour picture signals
    • H04N1/60—Colour correction or control
    • H04N1/603—Colour correction or control controlled by characteristics of the picture signal generator or the picture reproducer
    • H04N1/6033—Colour correction or control controlled by characteristics of the picture signal generator or the picture reproducer using test pattern analysis
    • H04N1/6036—Colour correction or control controlled by characteristics of the picture signal generator or the picture reproducer using test pattern analysis involving periodic tests or tests during use of the machine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/46—Colour picture communication systems
    • H04N1/56—Processing of colour picture signals
    • H04N1/60—Colour correction or control
    • H04N1/603—Colour correction or control controlled by characteristics of the picture signal generator or the picture reproducer
    • H04N1/6033—Colour correction or control controlled by characteristics of the picture signal generator or the picture reproducer using test pattern analysis
    • H04N1/6041—Colour correction or control controlled by characteristics of the picture signal generator or the picture reproducer using test pattern analysis for controlling uniformity of color across image area

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for spectral color density measurement in color printing.
  • Said method relates to the field of densitometry in general and spectrodensitometry in particular.
  • Densitometry is a method for checking the printing process with regard to solid density and tonal values. It works reliably for black and white prints and for prints with the process colors cyan (blue), magenta, yellow (yellow) and key (black).
  • the ink to be measured is illuminated by a light source.
  • the light beam penetrates the translucent (glazing) color layer and is weakened in the process.
  • the rest of the light is scattered by the paper backing. Part of this scattered light passes through the paint layer again and is further weakened.
  • the remainder finally reaches the measuring device, which converts the light into electrical energy.
  • the result of the reflected light densitometry is given in density units.
  • the color density of a printing ink is primarily dependent on the type of pigment, its concentration and the thickness of the ink layer. For a given ink, the color density is a measure of the layer thickness.
  • the printing ink is still wet and has a glossy surface. Penetrates when drying the color soaks into the paper and loses its luster. This changes not only the hue of the color, but also the color density value. If the still wet printing medium is to be compared densitometrically with the generally dry target values, this is only possible to a limited extent.
  • two crossed linear polarization filters are placed in the beam path. Of the light waves oscillating in all directions, polarization filters only allow through one direction of oscillation. The light beams aligned through the first polarization filter are partially specularly reflected by the colored surface. The direction of vibration does not change. The second polarization filter is rotated by 90° compared to the first, so that these reflected light waves are not transmitted.
  • the degree of reflection ß therefore indicates the ratio between the light reflections of a sample to be measured (printing ink) and a white (reference value).
  • the degree of reflection ⁇ is also often referred to as the reflection factor R.
  • Spectrodensitometry uses the measuring principle of determining the spectral reflectance, from which all other colorimetric and densitometric quantities can be calculated.
  • the reflectance also called the degree of reflection, is the ratio between the reflected and incident intensity of the light.
  • the sensor of the spectrodensitometer is sensitive to large parts, in particular to the entire visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum, i.e. all wavelengths of visible light.
  • the sensitivity range begins at around 380 nm in violet and extends through the color nuances of blue-green, green and yellow to red at around 730 nm.
  • the spectral reflectance values are measured simultaneously for all wavelength sections (bands) using a polychromator or spectral measuring head.
  • the bands each cover wavelength ranges with a specified width.
  • polychromators are known which can resolve bands with a width between 10 and 50 nm.
  • the light is fanned out by a diffraction grating, a prism or by many narrow-band filters.
  • the measured luminous flux is divided into its spectral components, the signal strengths of which are measured and output in their entirety as a spectral value curve.
  • the spectral color information is used in the calculation of the color layers in the spectral measurement.
  • the color densities for cyan, magenta, yellow and other colors can be determined from the spectral measured values without the need for separate measurements with different color filters.
  • spectral densitometers In spectral densitometers, photosensitive sensors scan the entire visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum to determine the spectral reflectance values when determining the densitometric variables. Both physical filters can be swiveled into the beam path and virtual, i.e. mathematically simulated, filters can be set.
  • the standard-compliant density measurement requires the above-mentioned use of a polarization filter, which suppresses the difference in gloss between wet and already dried printing ink layers. In this way, the measurements are made comparable, regardless of how close they are to the printing process.
  • hand-held measuring devices for individual measurements hand-held scanning devices for manual acquisition of measuring fields arranged in a line and scanning measuring devices driven by an electric motor are used as scanning spectral densitometers.
  • inline measuring systems which are arranged in a printing system and measure measuring fields that are printed one after the other. What these devices have in common is that the reflectance spectrum is recorded spectrally at one location on the printed image to be measured using an optical system and a sensor arrangement.
  • the dimensions of the captured, preferably round, area are in the range of 1 to 10 mm.
  • the color measuring fields printed on the print medium are usually rectangular or square. Color gradients are printed for one of the basic colors of the printer in gradations of printing to 100% to 0% in steps of 10%, for example, whose color densities are then matched with one of the described measuring devices are determined spectrally.
  • the area of each color measuring field is not completely recorded by the optics of the measuring device, since the area observed by the optics is usually round. Thus, the corners of the measuring fields are not recorded. In addition, only one value for the color density is determined for the measured area.
  • color measurement systems (ACMS TM —Advanced Color Measurement System) and an inline color measurement system (ICMS TM —Inline Color Measurement System) from ipac, which are used for evaluating the color of multicolored surfaces.
  • the system has a spectral scanner, possibly arranged inline, for different substrates, i.e. print media or materials (paper, foil, wood, plastic, ceramics, mineral material) and different printing processes (digital printing, in particular inkjet printing or laser printing, as well as gravure printing, Flexographic printing, offset printing or screen printing) can be used.
  • the ICMS TM and the ACMS TM use a spectral spatially resolved scan technology to measure a print image.
  • the spectral measurement system is, for example, a multispectral camera with a plurality of wavelength bands, preferably with 36 wavelength bands per recorded pixel, which generates color information for each wavelength band. This creates a color spectrum from the wavelength bands for each picture element (pixel) recorded.
  • a common sensor technology consists of providing individual pixels on a CMOS sensor with different color filters, so that a plurality of spectral information from a recorded image area can be recorded with one image recording.
  • the spectral measuring system can also be a hyperspectral camera, in which the light is spectrally split per pixel by means of an optical device, for example by means of a prism, and thus individual spectral regions are measured separately. This increases the spectral resolution compared to a multispectral camera to, for example, up to 350 or more wavelength bands.
  • a resolution of the scanner of at least 32 dpi, preferably at least 72 dpi, particularly preferably at least 90 dpi, can be achieved.
  • the procedure for spectral color density measurement in color printing has the following steps: First, a spectrally resolved reference reflectance is measured for an unprinted substrate with a spatially resolved spectral measuring system, preferably at a large number of measuring points. This reflectance is required to normalize the reflectances to be measured later.
  • the reference measurement can be carried out before the substrate is printed and optionally continuously during the printing process. For this purpose, unprinted sections of the substrate must be left free at predetermined positions in the printing process.
  • Print media or materials in the form of paper, film, wood, plastic, ceramics, mineral material or other materials are used as the substrate, for example.
  • At least one color measuring field is printed with at least one ink using a color printer.
  • a printing ink is generally understood to be a colorant-containing mixture that is transferred to a substrate such as paper or plastic with the aid of a printer.
  • a substrate such as paper or plastic
  • the three printing colors cyan, magenta and yellow and, if necessary, black (key) are used.
  • further or other printing inks with other pigment compositions can also be used additionally or alternatively.
  • color printing methods for example digital printing, in particular inkjet printing or laser printing, as well as gravure printing, flexographic printing, offset printing or screen printing.
  • inkjet printers the printing colors are in the form of inks, in the case of laser printers they are in the form of toners.
  • Other color printers use different ink formulations based on water, oils or solvents.
  • One color measuring field of a printing color is sufficient for carrying out the method, but so-called color wedges are usually printed for each of the printing colors, which have a plurality of color measuring fields graded in their color density for each printing color.
  • gradations in 10%, 5% or 1% increments are customary, color measuring patches with tonal values of 100% and 0% also being usually included.
  • the color field with a tone value of 0% can be used to measure the spectrally resolved reference reflectance of the unprinted substrate.
  • the spectrally resolved reflectance for at least one color measuring field is then measured at a large number of measuring points using the spatially resolved spectral measuring system.
  • spectrally resolved color measurements are carried out distributed over at least one partial area of the color measurement field, preferably over the entire color measurement field.
  • the measuring system optionally has a line sensor or a two-dimensional sensor of a hyperspectral camera.
  • the sensor has a large number of pixels, for each of which a spectrum is recorded. Sufficiently high resolutions are thus achieved in order to measure the different color measuring fields at a plurality of measuring points. This achieves a spectral resolution of preferably 36 or up to 350 or more wavelength bands. A resolution in the range of 10 nm, in particular in the range from 1 to 30 nm, is then achieved per wavelength band. This covers the visible spectrum of light between 380 and 730 nm.
  • a color density for the printing ink is calculated for each measuring point from the spectral distribution of the measured reflectance, the measured reference reflectance and a spectral weighting function representing the printing ink.
  • the preferred procedure is according to the standards ISO 13655 Chapter 5 and ISO 5.3 Chapter 4.5.2 together with Annex B.
  • ISO 5.3 Annex B defines that, depending on the width of the spectral channels, for a width or for an interval of 1 nm, the calculation according to Equation B.1 in Annex B.3 and for channel widths or intervals of 10 or 20 nm the calculation is carried out according to Equation B.2.
  • the spectral reflectance is multiplied by the weighting function, divided by a normalization factor and summed up over all wavelengths.
  • a value for the color density thus results from each measured spectral reflectance for each measuring point within each color measuring field.
  • the measuring system can be arranged as an inline measuring device in the area of the printer or used as an offline device for subsequent measurement of the printed surface.
  • the color measurement system is preferably aligned and moved relative to the at least one color measurement field in such a way that the at least one color measurement field is measured in a grid at a large number of measurement points with a resolution of at least 30 dpi, preferably at least 70, in particular at least 90 dpi is measured.
  • An upper limit is in the range of 250 dpi, for example.
  • the line sensor or the two-dimensional sensor is aligned perpendicular to the direction of movement relative to the printed substrate, so that the resulting measurement grid runs in an alignment in the direction of movement. A traverse with simultaneous 90° rotation of the color measurement system across the actual direction of movement is equally permissible.
  • the area of the at least one color measuring field is measured for at least 80%, preferably for at least 90%, in particular for at least 95%.
  • the color measuring field is measured almost completely, in particular completely, and the determined color densities enable a more precise analysis of the color density distribution, ie the print result over the area of the color measuring field.
  • the color densities are averaged for at least two measurement points, preferably a plurality of measurement points and in particular for all measurement points of each color measurement field.
  • the large number of measuring points thus allows a precise and at the same time variable evaluation of the color measuring field.
  • each measuring point of the raster-shaped spectral color density measurement of the at least one color measuring field is assigned a group of color nozzles (nozzles) of a print head.
  • the group of color nozzles has at most 10 color nozzles, preferably at most 5 color nozzles, in particular one color nozzle.
  • a printhead typically has a width of 40-50mm and the color printer then has a plurality of printheads that realize a total print width of approx. 1000mm.
  • the method is carried out with a predetermined illumination of the surface to be printed or the printed surface.
  • the choice of lighting follows the requirements of ISO standard 13655, in particular measurement condition M3.
  • the standardized lighting type D50 is preferably used.
  • polarization filters can be arranged in the beam path in order to also be able to measure printed images that are still wet.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a first system 2 for carrying out the method for spectral color density measurement in color printing.
  • the carrier material 4 is unrolled from a first roll 6 , guided below the color printer 8 and the spectral measurement system 10 and then rolled up again onto a roll 12 .
  • the endless carrier material 4 with which the continuous printing and color density measurement is carried out. It goes without saying that the endless band has a finite but great length.
  • the spectral measurement system is shown in simplified form and is illustrated using the example of 4 explained in more detail.
  • the color printer 8 is embodied as a digital inkjet printer, with which the surface of the substrate is printed in the inline process shown.
  • ink jet printers are preferred, but the invention is not limited to the use of ink jet printers.
  • the results of the spectral measurements by the spectral measuring system are transmitted to a control device 14, which evaluates the spectral data recorded.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically a second system 2 for carrying out the method for spectral color density measurement in color printing.
  • the carrier material 4 is not unwound from a roll, but produced by an extrusion process.
  • an extrusion die 16 is shown schematically, from which a strand is extruded to produce, for example, an edge material for use in furniture panels. Basically necessary calenders and cooling stations are not shown here for the sake of simplicity.
  • a continuous casting device can also be used in order to produce a continuous strand of carrier material.
  • the carrier material 4 is not designed as an endless material, but consists of a large number of elements 18 abutting one another, for example plates or sheets.
  • the carrier material 4 thus consists of individual elements 18 which are present separately before and after printing. Color charts are then continuously printed and measured on the carrier material 4 composed of individual elements 18.
  • the measuring system 10 initially has a housing 10.1 in which the components are arranged.
  • an illumination device 10.2 is arranged, which illuminates a scanning area 4.1 on the surface of the carrier material 4.
  • light of a standardized type of illumination for example D50, is generated with a predetermined spectral intensity distribution over the visible spectral range from 380 to 730 nm.
  • a first polarization filter 10.3 is arranged in the beam path in front of the scanning area, which polarizes the incoming light before it impinges on the scanning area 4.1.
  • the light reflected from the scanning area 4.1 then runs in the direction of a second polarization filter 10.4.
  • the first polarization filter 10.3 only lets through one oscillation direction.
  • the light beams aligned through the first polarization filter 10.3 are partially reflected specularly by the color surface in the scanning area 4.1, in particular if the surface is still wet from a printing process that took place shortly before, or at least has not yet dried out. In the case of specular reflection, the direction of oscillation of the light does not change.
  • the second polarization filter 10.4 is rotated by 90° relative to the first polarization filter, so that the light waves reflected by the scanning area 4.1 are not transmitted.
  • the polarization filters described can also be omitted.
  • the measuring and evaluation device 10.5 is arranged in the beam path behind the second polarization filter 10.4. It contains a multispectral or hyperspectral camera, with which a spectral intensity distribution is measured for each recorded pixel of the scanning area 4.1, preferably in 36 wavelength bands per recorded pixel. Color information is thus generated for each wavelength band, which together result in a spectrum. Thus, a color spectrum of preferably 36 wavelength bands is created for each image point (pixel) recorded.
  • a common sensor technology consists of providing individual pixels with different color filters on a CMOS sensor, so that with a Image recording a plurality of spectral information from a recorded image area can be recorded.
  • the spectral measurement system can also have a hyperspectral camera, which has an increased spectral resolution compared to a multispectral camera, for example up to 350 or more wavelength bands per measurement point.
  • the spectral information is then preferably evaluated within the spectral measurement system using data processing.
  • a spectrally resolved reference reflectance is measured for a still unprinted substrate 4 with the spatially resolved spectral measuring system 10 at a large number of measuring points.
  • the color printer is controlled in such a way that specified sections of the surface of the substrate 4 remain unprinted. In an inline process, this can be done at the start of printing or at specified intervals during the printing process. How based on figure 5 is explained, there are regularly also unprinted areas in color wedges, which can also be used for measuring the reference reflectance.
  • the measured spectral reference reflectances are stored for later recurring normalization when determining the color density D.
  • the color printer 8 is used to print a plurality of color measuring fields, each with one printing color.
  • the spectral measuring system 10 is used to measure spectrally resolved reflectances for the color measuring fields at a large number of measuring points, and the spectral distribution of the measured reflectance is used for each measuring point measured reference reflectance and a spectral weight function representing the ink calculates a color density for the ink. These process steps are based on the 6 and 7 explained in more detail.
  • FIG 5 shows schematically a section of a substrate 20, which is formed by one of the carrier materials 4 described above.
  • black key -K
  • yellow Y
  • magenta M
  • cyan C
  • color wedges identified overall with 22
  • the color measuring fields are then spectrally measured using the method described below and the color density is determined from the measured values.
  • FIG Figure 5 shows, the pressure sequence over time runs from top to bottom, as does the subsequent measurement.
  • the spectrally resolved reflectance for the color measuring fields 24 is measured with the spatially resolved spectral measuring system 10 at a large number of measuring points 26 within each of the color measuring fields 24, as shown in FIG Figure 5(a) is shown with a grid of lines.
  • the 6 and 7 show in a graphically prepared manner the application of the calculation of the color density for a color measuring field of the basic color cyan according to the ISO 5.3 standard according to Appendix B and in particular according to Appendix B.4.
  • D ⁇ log ⁇ ⁇ W ⁇ ⁇ R ⁇ 100
  • W ⁇ is the spectral weight factor of wavelength ⁇
  • R ⁇ is the spectral reflectance factor of wavelength ⁇
  • 100 is the sum of the spectral weight factors over the wavelength range from 380 nm to 730 nm.
  • the at least one color measuring field is measured in a grid at a large number of measuring points.
  • Figure 5(b) shows the situation as it is known from the prior art.
  • the circle 28 drawn in indicates the area covered by a known color densitometer, which uses its optical system to record the color measuring field within the circle 28 with a spectral measuring curve.
  • the color measuring field was not only recorded in less detail, but also the area of the color measuring field was only insufficiently measured.
  • the color densities of all measuring points within a color measuring field measured according to the method described can be evaluated in different ways.
  • the color densities can be averaged for at least two measurement points, preferably a plurality of measurement points and in particular for all measurement points of each color measurement field. In this way, mean values can be calculated for individual groups of measurement points or even for all measurement points.
  • each measuring point 26 of the raster-shaped spectral color density measurement of the at least one color measuring field 24 can be assigned a group of color nozzles of a print head of the color printer.
  • Information about the individual groups of color nozzles can thus be derived from the spectral color density measurements, which enables the functionality of the groups of color nozzles to be assessed.
  • the group of color nozzles can have at most 10 color nozzles, preferably at most 5 color nozzles, in particular one color nozzle.
  • the pattern to be printed in each of the inks is imprinted as indentations in the roller surfaces.
  • the indentations can be as small as 50 ⁇ m and one also speaks of a dashed roller.
  • systematic deviations in the print quality can occur, which are the case with an integral measurement of the entire color patch included in the mean spectral measurement.
  • mean values can be calculated for all measuring points and measuring points with too great a systematic deviation from the mean value can be ignored when the mean value of the spectral information is recalculated. As a result, the determination of the spectral information is compared to a single measurement according to the prior art. improved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
EP21213370.6A 2021-12-09 2021-12-09 Procédé de mesure de la densité spectrale de couleur dans l'impression couleur Pending EP4195645A1 (fr)

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EP21213370.6A EP4195645A1 (fr) 2021-12-09 2021-12-09 Procédé de mesure de la densité spectrale de couleur dans l'impression couleur
PCT/EP2022/084983 WO2023104966A1 (fr) 2021-12-09 2022-12-08 Procédé de mesure de densité de couleur spectrale dans une impression en couleur

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EP21213370.6A EP4195645A1 (fr) 2021-12-09 2021-12-09 Procédé de mesure de la densité spectrale de couleur dans l'impression couleur

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020104457A1 (en) * 2000-12-06 2002-08-08 David Brydges Spectral color control method
US20070002344A1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2007-01-04 Xerox Corporation Color characterization or calibration targets with noise-dependent patch size or number
DE102009012815A1 (de) * 2008-04-14 2009-10-15 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Messvorrichtung mit beweglicher Messeinrichtung in einer Druckmaschine
EP2623324A2 (fr) * 2012-02-02 2013-08-07 Fujifilm Corporation Appareil d'enregistrement d'image, appareil de traitement d'image, procédé d'enregistrement d'image et procédé de traitement d'image, programme et support d'enregistrement

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020104457A1 (en) * 2000-12-06 2002-08-08 David Brydges Spectral color control method
US20070002344A1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2007-01-04 Xerox Corporation Color characterization or calibration targets with noise-dependent patch size or number
DE102009012815A1 (de) * 2008-04-14 2009-10-15 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Messvorrichtung mit beweglicher Messeinrichtung in einer Druckmaschine
EP2623324A2 (fr) * 2012-02-02 2013-08-07 Fujifilm Corporation Appareil d'enregistrement d'image, appareil de traitement d'image, procédé d'enregistrement d'image et procédé de traitement d'image, programme et support d'enregistrement

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"ISO 5-3:2009 Photography and graphic technology - Density measurements - Part 3: Spectral conditions = Photographie et technologie graphique - Mesurages de la densité - Partie 3: Conditions spectrales", ISO STANDARD,, vol. 5-3, 1 December 2009 (2009-12-01), pages 1 - 41, XP009536104 *

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