EP3882711A1 - Uhrwerk, das mit einer uhrhemmung mit einem magnetischen system ausgestattet ist - Google Patents

Uhrwerk, das mit einer uhrhemmung mit einem magnetischen system ausgestattet ist Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3882711A1
EP3882711A1 EP20164020.8A EP20164020A EP3882711A1 EP 3882711 A1 EP3882711 A1 EP 3882711A1 EP 20164020 A EP20164020 A EP 20164020A EP 3882711 A1 EP3882711 A1 EP 3882711A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic
anchor
escape wheel
mechanical
potential energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20164020.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
M. Gianni DI DOMENICO
M. Dominique LECHOT
M. Marc STRANCZL
M. Benoît LÉGERET
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Swatch Group Research and Development SA filed Critical Swatch Group Research and Development SA
Priority to EP20164020.8A priority Critical patent/EP3882711A1/de
Priority to US17/189,359 priority patent/US20210294268A1/en
Priority to JP2021034141A priority patent/JP7177199B2/ja
Priority to CN202110291335.3A priority patent/CN113495472B/zh
Publication of EP3882711A1 publication Critical patent/EP3882711A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G04B15/08—Lever escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/26—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of the impulses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B43/00—Protecting clockworks by shields or other means against external influences, e.g. magnetic fields
    • G04B43/002—Component shock protection arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/047—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using other coupling means, e.g. electrostrictive, magnetostrictive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C5/00—Electric or magnetic means for converting oscillatory to rotary motion in time-pieces, i.e. electric or magnetic escapements
    • G04C5/005—Magnetic or electromagnetic means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to watch movements comprising an escapement provided with a magnetic system. More particularly, the invention relates to an escapement provided with a magnetic coupling system between an escape wheel and an anchor separate from the mechanical resonator, this anchor having an axis of rotation different from that of the mechanical resonator. As with a Swiss anchor, the anchor exhibits a reciprocating motion which is synchronous with the periodic motion of the mechanical resonator, but different.
  • magnetic escapement one understands an escapement provided with magnets arranged partly on the anchor and partly on the escape wheel so as to generate a magnetic coupling between the anchor and the escape wheel.
  • the first document proposes a combination of a magnetic escapement performing alone the function of the escapement in the normal operating range of the exhaust, when the torque supplied to the escape wheel is less than a nominal torque, and of a mechanical escapement which takes over, ensuring the function of the escapement in addition to the magnetic escapement, when the torque applied to the anchor is greater than the nominal torque, in particular during an impact that the mechanical movement may undergo .
  • the second document EP 3,208,667 more precisely describes a magnetic escapement with an anchor mechanically coupled to the mechanical resonator and magnetically to the escapement wheel, the latter having two annular magnetic tracks formed by a planar and continuous magnetized structure, which defines ramps of magnetic potential energy and magnetic barriers for at minus one magnetic pallet of the anchor which is arranged to alternately follow sections of the two magnetic tracks, this magnetic pallet being formed by a magnet.
  • the two aforementioned documents therefore propose mechanical means complementary to the magnetic coupling system between the escape wheel and the anchor to prevent the escape wheel from making unwanted additional steps in the event of impacts or other significant accelerations undergone by mechanical movement.
  • the inventors have demonstrated a particular problem with magnetic escapements, which arises from the fact that the magnetic force is conservative.
  • a magnetic barrier of the rotating escape wheel comes into abutment against a magnetic pallet of the anchor, it is observed that the escape wheel undergoes a recoil and then an oscillating movement which can last for a relatively long time.
  • the wheel exhaust has stabilized substantially in a stop position corresponding to a magnetic potential energy determined for a given torque of force which is applied to this escapement wheel by a barrel via a cog of the watch movement.
  • the invention proposes to provide a solution to this specific problem.
  • the invention relates to a watch movement, as defined in claim 1, which comprises a mechanical resonator and an escapement which is associated with this mechanical resonator, the escapement comprising an escape wheel and an anchor separate from the mechanical resonator and whose axis of rotation is different from that of the mechanical resonator.
  • the mechanical resonator is coupled to the anchor such that, when this mechanical resonator exhibits an oscillation, the anchor undergoes an alternating movement between two rest positions in which the anchor remains alternately during successive time intervals.
  • the anchor comprises at least one magnetic pallet formed by a magnet and the escape wheel comprises a periodic magnetized structure which defines a plurality of increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy for said magnetic pallet, each of these increasing ramps of energy.
  • magnetic potential being arranged so that said magnetic pallet can climb it when the anchor is in a corresponding rest position among the two rest positions and a force torque supplied to the escape wheel is equal to a torque of nominal force or within a range of values which is intended for a normal operation of the watch movement.
  • said magnetic vane and said plurality of increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy are arranged so that the anchor experiences a pulse of magnetic force in the direction of its movement, after said magnetic vane has climbed any one of said increasing ramps d.
  • the anchor comprises at least one mechanical stop and the escape wheel comprises protrusions.
  • the anchor and the escape wheel are arranged so that when said torque of force is equal to said torque of nominal force or has a value in at least an upper part of said range of values and when the anchor has said reciprocating movement, one of said protruding parts of the escape wheel undergoes at least an impact on a mechanical stopper among said at least one mechanical stopper after said magnetic vane has climbed any one of said increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy following a tilting of the anchor in the rest position allowing this magnetic pallet to climb said any ramp of magnetic potential energy, said at least one shock occurring so as to at least partially dissipate a kinetic energy of the escape wheel acquired following said changeover.
  • the periodic magnetized structure further defines for the magnetic pallet magnetic barriers located respectively following the increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy, each of these magnetic barriers being arranged so as to exert a torque of magnetic force. on the escape wheel, having a direction opposite to that of said torque of force supplied to this escape wheel, when the escape wheel is in an angular position of equilibrium of the forces exerted on it while the magnetic pallet is located at the top of the magnetic potential energy ramp which precedes the considered magnetic barrier, said magnetic force torque being greater than a maximum magnetic force torque generated by the magnetic potential energy ramp preceding the considered magnetic barrier before the escape wheel reaches said angular position of equilibrium of the strengths.
  • the hybrid escapement of the invention can generate, in normal operation of the watch movement, pulses of magnetic force supplied to the anchor. in the direction of its movement during the tilting of this anchor between its two rest positions during its reciprocating movement, by an accumulation of magnetic potential energy between at least one magnetic paddle, carrying a magnet, and a periodic magnetized structure, carried by the escape wheel, allowing the magnetic paddle to successively climb ramps of magnetic potential energy, which are formed respectively by circular arc portions of the periodic magnetized structure successively coupled to the magnetic paddle, while the anchor is in at least one of its two resting positions.
  • Such a magnetic coupling is generally obtained when the magnetic pallet is successively superimposed on said portions in an arc of a circle.
  • the not entirely elastic shocks provided between projecting parts of the escape wheel and at least one mechanical stop of the anchor, following each accumulation of magnetic potential energy between the anchor and the escape wheel, allows the kinetic energy of the escape wheel to be dissipated, so as to damp at least a first rebound of the escape wheel and thus allow a relatively rapid stopping of the escape wheel, in particular before a next tilt of the anchor.
  • the escapement is arranged so that, following said impact and before a subsequent tilting of the anchor, the escape wheel momentarily comes to a standstill in an angular stop position which is said angular position of balance of forces.
  • the projecting part is located at a distance from the mechanical stop in the angular stop position, the projecting part and the mechanical stopper thus not being in contact in this angular stop position.
  • the watch movement is of the mechanical type and comprises a mechanical resonator 2, of which only the axis 4, the small plate 6 having a notch 8 and the pin 10 have been shown.
  • the watch movement comprises an escapement 12 which is associated with the mechanical resonator, the small plate and the pin of which are elements forming this escapement.
  • the escapement 12 further comprises an escape wheel 16 and an anchor 14 which is a member separate from the mechanical resonator and whose axis of rotation is different from that of this mechanical resonator.
  • the anchor is formed, on the one hand, by a rod 20 terminated by a fork 18 which comprises two horns 19a and 19b and, on the other hand, by two arms 24, 26 whose free ends respectively form two mechanical paddles 28 , 29 which define two mechanical stops.
  • the two mechanical paddles respectively support two magnets 30, 32 which form two magnetic paddles of the anchor.
  • the mechanical resonator is coupled to the anchor so that, when the mechanical resonator oscillates normally, this anchor undergoes a reciprocating movement, synchronized with the oscillation of the mechanical resonator, between two rest positions, defined by two limiting pins 21 and 22, in which the anchor remains alternately during successive time intervals which are greater than one third of the nominal period T0 of said oscillation.
  • the escape wheel 16 comprises a periodic magnetized structure 36 arranged on a disc 34 preferably made of non-magnetic material (which does not conduct magnetic fields).
  • the structure 36 has portions 38 in an arc of a circle defining increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy for the two magnetic vanes 30, 32 which each have an axial magnetization with a polarity opposite to that of the axial magnetization of the periodic magnetized structure.
  • the periodic magnetized structure 36 is arranged so that its outer periphery is circular, the arcuate portions 38 of this magnetized structure having the same configuration and being arranged circularly around the axis of rotation of the wheel. exhaust.
  • each increasing ramp of magnetic potential energy is provided so that each of the two magnetic paddles can climb it when the anchor is in a given rest position among its two rest positions and a torque of force M RE supplied to the escape wheel is substantially equal to a torque of nominal force (case of a mechanical movement fitted with a constant force system for driving the escape wheel) or included in a range of values intended to ensure the normal functioning of the watch movement (case of a conventional mechanical movement exhibiting a variable force torque applied to the escape wheel depending on the level of winding of the barrel or barrels if several are provided in series).
  • the increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy are climbed when the anchor undergoes a reciprocating movement between its two rest positions and when the torque of force M RE supplied to the escape wheel is equal to said torque of nominal force or included in the range of values provided for this torque force in normal operation, successively by each of the first and second magnetic paddles when the anchor is respectively in its first and second rest positions, and alternately by these first and second magnetic paddles during movement alternative of the anchor.
  • the two magnetic paddles and the increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy are arranged so that the anchor can undergo a pulse of magnetic force in the direction of its movement, after any of the two magnetic paddles has climbed any of said ramps. increasing magnetic potential energy, when the anchor switches from the rest position corresponding to this any ramp of magnetic potential energy to the other rest position.
  • the escape wheel further comprises protrusions which are respectively associated with increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy.
  • These protruding parts are formed, in the variant shown, by teeth 42 extending radially from a plate 40 integral with the escape wheel and located above the disc 34 carrying the magnetized structure 36. These teeth are located, in superposition, respectively at the end of the magnetized portions 38 which define the increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy, that is to say at the top of these increasing ramps.
  • the teeth 42 are arranged to cooperate with the mechanical vanes 28 and 29, which form mechanical stops for these teeth and therefore for the escape wheel.
  • the teeth and mechanical paddles are formed by a non-magnetic material.
  • the projecting parts are formed by teeth which extend in a general plane in which also extend the two mechanical vanes of the anchor respectively supporting the two magnets 30, 32 which are also located in the plane.
  • the figures only show a lower magnet structure, located below the general plane mentioned above.
  • the escape wheel further comprises an upper magnetized structure, of the same configuration as the lower magnetized structure and supported by an upper disc preferably formed of a non-magnetic material.
  • the lower and upper magnet structures together form the periodic magnet structure. They have the same magnetic polarity, opposite to that of the two magnets of the anchor, and are arranged on either side of the geometric plane in which these two magnets forming the two magnetic vanes are located, preferably at the same distance.
  • the anchor and the escape wheel are arranged so that, in normal operation (that is to say for a torque of force M RE supplied to the escape wheel substantially equal to a torque of nominal force or within a range of values ensuring normal operation of the watch movement and in particular correct step-by-step rotation of the escape wheel), one of the teeth of the escape wheel is subjected to a impact on one of the two mechanical pallets of the anchor after the corresponding magnetic pallet has climbed any of the increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy following a tilting of the anchor.
  • This shock occurs so as to at least partially dissipate a kinetic energy of the escape wheel acquired following said tilting.
  • This shock is therefore not a hard shock (totally elastic shock).
  • at least a first shock is not soft (totally inelastic shock), but it is partially elastic so that the escape wheel undergoes at least one rebound after this first shock.
  • the exhaust of the invention is called a hybrid exhaust '.
  • the hybrid escapement is arranged so that the escape wheel momentarily comes to rest in an angular stop position after any one of the teeth 42 has abutted any of the two. mechanical pallets and before a subsequent tilting of the anchor.
  • a tooth 42 presses against a mechanical stop formed by one or the other of the two. mechanical pallets.
  • the shocks are at least partially inelastic so that the anchor and / or the escape wheel, or even the cog which drives it, absorb and dissipate kinetic energy of this escape wheel with each impact.
  • the magnetic forces are conservative, so that only the friction exerted on the escape wheel, or even the cog that drives it, and the impacts between a tooth and a mechanical pallet can absorb energy. kinetics and therefore damping an oscillation generated following said first shock after the escape wheel has stored magnetic potential energy in the hybrid escapement.
  • FIGS 1A to 1F show various successive stages of an oscillating mechanical resonator 2 and of a hybrid exhaust 12.
  • the anchor 14 is stationary in a first rest position and the resonator balance is rotated towards its neutral position (minimum mechanical potential energy).
  • the magnet 30, forming the first magnetic pallet is located at the top of an increasing ramp of magnetic potential energy (superposition of the magnet with a part of a magnetized portion 38 having a relatively large width).
  • each magnetized portion 38 has a monotonically increasing width and its end part, which has the largest widths, extends beyond the magnet associated with the mechanical pallet in the positive angular direction (the wheel exhaust rotating in steps in the negative angular direction) while this mechanical vane presses against a tooth, so that the escape wheel undergoes a positive magnetic force and therefore a positive magnetic force torque which decreases, for the force torque supplied to the escape wheel, the tangential mechanical force exerted by the tooth on the mechanical pallet and therefore the force normal to the surface contact point of this mechanical pallet.
  • the width of the magnetized portions increases, over the whole of their useful length, linearly as a function of the angle at the center.
  • the accumulation of magnetic potential energy is linear as a function of the angle of rotation of the escape wheel for each of the increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy and the magnetic force exerted on the escape wheel. is constant when a magnetic pallet climbs this increasing ramp to an angular stop position of the escape wheel in which one of its teeth is resting against the corresponding mechanical pallet, the same constant magnetic force then being exerted still on the escape wheel in this angular stop position.
  • the static friction and the dynamic friction between the tooth and the mechanical pallet are reduced, so that the torque required for the next tilting of the anchor is reduced.
  • the magnetic system of the hybrid escapement makes it possible, on the one hand, to accumulate magnetic potential energy in the escapement to generate pulses of magnetic force applied to the anchor and, on the other hand, to reduce the release torque that must be provided by the mechanical resonator each time the anchor is tilted.
  • the reduction in friction makes it possible to reduce the energy losses due to the mechanical contact between the anchor and the escape wheel before each tilting of the anchor between its two rest positions.
  • the Figure 1B shows a stage of the operation of the hybrid escapement where the anchor has just been released by the pin 10 of the mechanical resonator 2 and switches between its first rest position and its second rest position.
  • the magnet 30 moves radially (relative to the escape wheel) and passes from a state superimposed on the magnetized portion 38, corresponding to a state of high magnetic potential energy, to a state not superimposed on this magnetized portion corresponding to a state of low magnetic potential energy; which generates a pulse of magnetic force applied to the magnetic paddle (magnet 30) and thus the anchor undergoes a torque of magnetic force, so that the anchor then becomes driving for the mechanical resonator.
  • the Figure 1C shows the anchor in its second resting position just after a tip-over.
  • the escape wheel 16 then rotates one step in the negative direction and the magnet 32 climbs an increasing ramp of magnetic potential energy thanks to the force torque supplied to the escape wheel.
  • the Figure 1D shows a rebound of the escape wheel after a first impact of a tooth 42 on the mechanical pallet 29 while the mechanical resonator is in an angular position close to its amplitude.
  • the Figure 1E shows a stage corresponding to that of Figure 1A but for the anchor at rest in its second resting position. In the angular stop position of the escape wheel shown in Figure 1E , a tooth 42 presses against an outer surface of the second mechanical vane 29.
  • Figure 1F shows a coupling between the mechanical resonator and the anchor during which a pulse of magnetic force occurs again, as in the Figure 1B but applied to the second vane so that the resulting magnetic force torque is in the opposite direction to that of this Figure 1B .
  • the second embodiment is generally distinguished from the first embodiment in that the periodic magnetized structure 36A further defines for each of the two magnetic paddles magnetic barriers 50 located respectively following the increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy defined by the magnetized portions 38A, these magnetic barriers being formed in particular by magnetized areas 50 of the structure 36A, the radial dimension of which is substantially equal to or greater than the longitudinal dimension of each of the two magnets 30 and 32 forming the magnetic paddles of the anchor.
  • Each magnetized pad / magnetic barrier is arranged so as to exert a torque of magnetic force on the escape wheel 16A, having a direction opposite to that of said force torque supplied to this escape wheel, when this escape wheel is in an angular position of equilibrium of the forces acting on it while one or the other of the two magnetic vanes is located at the top of the magnetic potential energy ramp / at the widest end of the portion magnet 38A which precedes the magnetic barrier / the magnetized pad 50 considered.
  • the arrangement of the magnetic barriers is provided so that the torque of magnetic force exerted on the escape wheel in each angular position of balance of forces is greater than a maximum torque of magnetic force generated by the ramp. magnetic potential energy / the magnetized portion 38A preceding the considered magnetic barrier before the escape wheel reaches the angular position of balance of forces.
  • the magnetized areas must form relatively large magnetic barriers to ensure the desired synchronization between the reciprocating movement of the anchor and the step-by-step rotation of the escape wheel and also to prevent the escapement from stalling too quickly in the event of accelerations that the watch movement could undergo.
  • the peaks of magnetic potential energy formed here by the magnetized areas for each magnetic paddle are greater than those which are necessary in the second embodiment of the invention and which appear at Figures 5 and 6 , which will be described later.
  • a curve 54, 56 of magnetic potential energy EP M defined by the periodic magnetized structure of the escape wheel for each of the two magnetic paddles of the anchor, in function of the angle ⁇ of this escape wheel is given.
  • the two curves 54 and 56 are similar, but phase-shifted by about 180 ° and they each define a magnetic period PM.
  • Each curve has increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy 60, 60A and magnetic barriers 62, 62A each defined by a peak of magnetic potential energy.
  • the general behavior is as follows: In a first rest position of the anchor, a first magnetic paddle climbs a ramp 60 up to a certain height of magnetic potential energy then that the escape wheel turns continuously, then the escape wheel undergoes an oscillation in a zone of 'free' oscillation ZO L around a certain point of equilibrium of forces PE M (shown more precisely in Figure 4 ) due to the magnetic barrier which follows each ramp, and finally the first magnetic paddle undergoes, under the action of the oscillating mechanical resonator, a fall of magnetic potential energy 64 during the next tilting of the anchor in its second position rest. This drop in magnetic potential energy corresponds to a pulse of magnetic force applied to the anchor.
  • the second magnetic paddle in turn climbs a ramp 60A due to the fact that it is superimposed on the magnetic structure.
  • the second magnetic paddle which undergoes an impulse of magnetic force and the first magnetic paddle climbs, if necessary, a small step of magnetic potential energy.
  • each ramp 60, 60A generates a magnetic force G1 which corresponds to a torque of magnetic force on the escape wheel having an intensity less than the torque of force supplied to the escape wheel when this torque of force is equal to the torque. nominal force or within the range of values expected in normal operation. It will be noted that in a variant where the two magnetic paddles are coupled simultaneously and alternately to two magnetic tracks during the accumulation of magnetic potential energy, it is the double of the aforementioned magnetic force torque that should be considered.
  • each magnetic barrier 62, 62A brakes the escape wheel in an angular magnetic braking zone ZF M which depends on the torque supplied to the escape wheel.
  • ZF M angular magnetic braking zone
  • the kinetic energy of the escape wheel can only be dissipated by friction in the bearings of the escape wheel and possibly in the cog that drives it.
  • the escape wheel undergoes a 'free' oscillation in an angular zone of 'free' oscillation ZO L (that is to say without energy absorption by a mechanical stop) around a point of balance of forces PE M where the torque of force supplied to the escape wheel is compensated by the torque of magnetic force (without considering the friction forces) which is generated by the magnetic force G2 (gradient of the curve 54 at the position angular PE M ).
  • the point of equilibrium of the forces PE M therefore corresponds to a determined angular position of the escape wheel in which it can be stationary in a stable manner without contact between this escape wheel and the anchor.
  • each magnetic barrier in the embodiment described in Figures 3 and 4 , corresponds in curves 54 and 56 to a potential energy peak having a wall with a relatively steep slope G3.
  • the magnetic escapement described with reference to Figures 3 and 4 has an operational problem due to the oscillation of the escape wheel after a ramp of magnetic potential energy has been climbed by a magnetic vane. As stated, there is little dissipation of the kinetic energy of the escape wheel (arising from the difference in intensity between G1 and G2) arriving against a magnetic barrier, so this oscillation has an amplitude that can be quite large. important and low damping. On the one hand, if a tilting of the anchor occurs while the escape wheel is still oscillating, the drop in magnetic potential energy 64 is variable and therefore poorly defined. There is thus no constant maintenance of the mechanical resonator, which is a disadvantage.
  • the arrangement of magnetic barriers 50 in combination with the teeth 42 of the escape wheel in the second embodiment of the invention has the consequence that various variants may arise for a given hybrid anchor, with its mechanical paddles and paddles. magnetic, according to the relative angular positioning between each tooth and the corresponding magnetic barrier and also according to the type of drive of the escape wheel.
  • a hybrid pallet which is formed by a mechanical pallet 28A supporting a magnet 31 which defines a magnetic pallet associated with the curve 70, is shown along the axis of the angular position ⁇ of the escape wheel while this the latter is in a stop position, after absorption of its kinetic energy following an accumulation of magnetic potential energy and before a subsequent tilting of the anchor.
  • the mechanical pallet 28A has a half-width DL which corresponds to the distance between the center of mass of the magnet 31 and the stop surface defined by this mechanical pallet for the teeth 42 of the escape wheel 16A.
  • the anchor 14A and the escape wheel 16A are arranged so that one of the teeth 42 of the escape wheel is impacted on a mechanical pallet of the anchor, in particular the mechanical pallet 28A, after the pallet corresponding magnetic, in particular the magnet 31, has climbed any one of the increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy, in particular a ramp 60.
  • this shock occurs so as to at least partially dissipate a kinetic energy of the escape wheel.
  • the teeth of the escape wheel are designed to absorb the kinetic energy of this escape wheel, after an accumulation of magnetic potential energy in the escapement for a next maintenance pulse of the mechanical resonator, and limiting a terminal oscillation during each step of its stepping rotation.
  • the anchor 14A and the escape wheel 16A are arranged so that, after at least a first impact between a mechanical pallet and a tooth, the escape wheel stops, before the anchor tilts again to the during its reciprocating movement between its two rest positions, at an angular stop position, which is by definition an angular position of equilibrium of forces, in which the tooth 42 having undergone said impact presses against the mechanical pallet.
  • the angular stop position PE D is defined by a tooth bearing against a mechanical pallet. Thanks to this characteristic, the angular stop positions are precisely defined by the protrusions and the pulses of magnetic force which are periodically supplied to the anchor have a constant intensity.
  • this first variant generates a small loss of energy because of the friction between the tooth and the mechanical pallet during the tilting of the anchor.
  • the angular stop position PE D is upstream of the angular position PE M.
  • the magnetic force in each position PE D which corresponds to an equilibrium of the forces present, is given by the gradient G4 of curve 70, respectively 72, at this position PE D.
  • the situation corresponding to the first variant is characterized by a distance PB1 between the angular position PE M and the point of contact of the tooth 42 which is less than the half-width DL of the mechanical pallet 28A (PB1 ⁇ DL).
  • the second variant differs from the first variant by the fact that the angular stop position is the angular position PE M , given that, in this second variant, the anchor 14A and the escape wheel 16A are arranged so that, after at least a first impact between a mechanical pallet and a tooth, the escape wheel stops, before the anchor tilts again during its reciprocating movement between its two rest positions, to an angular position stop in which said tooth is located at a distance from said mechanical pallet, this angular stop position then corresponding to the angular position PE M of balance of forces without mechanical stop described above, in which the torque of the magnetic force of the system magnet of the escapement and the constant force torque M RE ct supplied to the escape wheel have the same intensity (apart from the friction forces).
  • the anchor and the escape wheel are arranged so that the distance DB between the contact surface of said mechanical pallet and the point of contact of said tooth is less than one angular distance defined by the magnetic braking zone ZF M (DB ⁇ ZF M ).
  • the magnetic force in each angular position PE M which corresponds to an angular stop position for the escape wheel, is given by the gradient G5 of the curve 70, respectively 72, at this position PE M. It will be noted that the value of the gradient G5 is necessarily greater than that of the gradient G4 occurring in the first variant.
  • the situation corresponding to the second variant is characterized by a distance PB2 between the angular position PE M and the point of contact of the tooth 42 which is greater than the half-width DL of the mechanical pallet 28A (PB2> DL). It will be noted that the angular position PE M is determined by the constant force torque M RE ct .
  • the distance between the contact surface of the considered mechanical pallet and the point of contact of the considered tooth is called 'DB', this distance being a function of the force torque M RE .
  • the magnetic braking zone, in the fictitious absence of stop teeth at the escape wheel, is called “ZF M ”, the extent of this zone being a function of the force torque M RE .
  • a main variant there is provided for the entire range of values PV M of the force torque M RE at least a first impact between any one of the teeth 42 of the escape wheel and any mechanical pallet of the anchor, in particular the mechanical pallet 28A, after the corresponding magnetic pallet has climbed one of the increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy associated with this corresponding magnetic pallet and with the tooth in question.
  • This first main variant is expressed by the relation: ZF M (MRE min )> PB (MRE min ) - DL.
  • a first secondary variant it is provided for the entire range of values PV M of the torque force M RE that the escape wheel stops, after said at least one first impact and before a subsequent tilting of the anchor, at an angular stop position in which the tooth which has undergone said at least one first impact presses against the mechanical pallet.
  • This first secondary variant is expressed by the mathematical relation: PB (M RE min ) ⁇ DL.
  • a second secondary variant provision is made for the entire range of values PV M of the force torque M RE for the escape wheel to stop, after said at least one first impact and before a subsequent tilting of the anchor, at an angular stop position in which the tooth which has undergone said at least one first impact is located at a distance from the mechanical pallet against which it has abutted.
  • This second secondary variant is expressed by the mathematical relation: PB (M RE max )> DL.
  • the tooth having undergone said at least one impact presses, once momentarily at rest in the angular stop position, against the mechanical pallet against which it has abutted when the force torque M RE supplied to the escape wheel has a value in an upper zone ZS PS of said upper part PS2 M of the range of values PV M.
  • the escape wheel stops, after said at least one impact and before a subsequent tilting of the anchor, at an angular stop position in which the tooth which has undergone said at least one impact is located at a distance from the mechanical pallet against which it has come up against.
  • the Figure 2A shows a stage of the operation of the hybrid escapement 12A of the second embodiment where the anchor 14 is in one of its two rest positions and the escape wheel 16A is stationary.
  • the Figures 2A to 2F relate to an operating variant in which the force torque supplied to the escape wheel does not allow a tooth 42 to bear against a mechanical pallet 28 or 29 when it is stopped after having accumulated potential energy magnetic, by climbing a ramp of magnetic potential energy, and before a subsequent tilting of the anchor.
  • the distance between the point of contact of the tooth 42 and the contact surface of the mechanical pallet 28 at the Figure 2A , respectively 29 at the Figure 2F is advantageously low.
  • the anchor has just been released by the pin 10 of the mechanical resonator 2 and it switches between its first rest position and its second rest position.
  • the magnet 30 moves radially and passes from a state superimposed on the magnetized portion 38A, corresponding to a state of high magnetic potential energy, to a state not superimposed on this magnetized portion corresponding to a state of low magnetic potential energy; which generates a pulse of magnetic force applied to the magnetic pallet (magnet 30) and thus the anchor is subjected to a force torque, so that the anchor then becomes a driving force for the mechanical resonator.
  • the Figure 2C shows the anchor in its second resting position just after a tip-over.
  • the escape wheel 16A then rotates one step in the negative direction and the magnet 32 climbs an increasing ramp of magnetic potential energy (magnetized portion 38A) thanks to the torque supplied to the escape wheel.
  • the Figure 2D shows a first impact between a tooth 42 and the mechanical pallet 29 after the escapement 12A, formed of the anchor 14 and the escape wheel 16A, has climbed an increasing ramp of magnetic potential energy.
  • the Figure 2E shows a rebound of the escape wheel after the first impact of a tooth 42 on the mechanical pallet 29 shown in the previous figure.
  • the Figure 2F shows a stage corresponding to that of Figure 2A , but with the anchor 14 stationary in its second rest position.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
EP20164020.8A 2020-03-18 2020-03-18 Uhrwerk, das mit einer uhrhemmung mit einem magnetischen system ausgestattet ist Pending EP3882711A1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20164020.8A EP3882711A1 (de) 2020-03-18 2020-03-18 Uhrwerk, das mit einer uhrhemmung mit einem magnetischen system ausgestattet ist
US17/189,359 US20210294268A1 (en) 2020-03-18 2021-03-02 Horological movement comprising an escapement provided with a magnetic system
JP2021034141A JP7177199B2 (ja) 2020-03-18 2021-03-04 磁気的システムを備えるエスケープを備える計時器用ムーブメント
CN202110291335.3A CN113495472B (zh) 2020-03-18 2021-03-18 包括设置有磁性***的擒纵机构的钟表机芯

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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EP20164020.8A EP3882711A1 (de) 2020-03-18 2020-03-18 Uhrwerk, das mit einer uhrhemmung mit einem magnetischen system ausgestattet ist

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EP3882711A1 true EP3882711A1 (de) 2021-09-22

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US (1) US20210294268A1 (de)
EP (1) EP3882711A1 (de)
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CN (1) CN113495472B (de)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2894522A2 (de) 2013-12-23 2015-07-15 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Optimierte Uhrhemmung mit Sicherung
EP3208667A1 (de) 2016-02-18 2017-08-23 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Magnetisches hemmungsdrehteil eines uhrwerks
CH715049A2 (fr) * 2018-06-07 2019-12-13 Montres Breguet Sa Pièce d'horlogerie comprenant un tourbillon.

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6755566B2 (en) * 2001-02-15 2004-06-29 Konrad Damasko Clockwork
CH702930A2 (fr) * 2010-04-01 2011-10-14 Patek Philippe Sa Geneve Echappement d'horlogerie à protection contre les chocs.
JP6196738B2 (ja) * 2013-12-23 2017-09-13 ニヴァロックス−ファー ソシエテ アノニム 安全手段を有する最適化された脱進機
EP3299907A1 (de) * 2013-12-23 2018-03-28 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Mechanisches uhrwerk mit magnetischem hemmungsmechanismus
US9465366B2 (en) * 2013-12-23 2016-10-11 The Swatch Group Research And Development Ltd Angular speed regulating device for a wheel set in a timepiece movement including a magnetic escapement mechanism
CH711404B1 (fr) * 2015-08-04 2019-08-15 Swatch Group Res & Dev Ltd Mouvement d'horlogerie comportant un résonateur et un mécanisme d'échappement comportant une roue d'échappement avec rampes de champ et anti-retour.
EP3579058B1 (de) * 2018-06-07 2021-09-15 Montres Breguet S.A. Uhr, die ein tourbillon umfasst

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2894522A2 (de) 2013-12-23 2015-07-15 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Optimierte Uhrhemmung mit Sicherung
EP2894522B1 (de) * 2013-12-23 2019-01-30 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Optimierte Uhrhemmung mit Sicherung
EP3208667A1 (de) 2016-02-18 2017-08-23 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Magnetisches hemmungsdrehteil eines uhrwerks
CH715049A2 (fr) * 2018-06-07 2019-12-13 Montres Breguet Sa Pièce d'horlogerie comprenant un tourbillon.

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US20210294268A1 (en) 2021-09-23
JP7177199B2 (ja) 2022-11-22
CN113495472B (zh) 2023-03-10
JP2021148785A (ja) 2021-09-27
CN113495472A (zh) 2021-10-12

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