EP3910426A1 - Uhrwerk, das eine hemmung mit einem zahnrad und einer arretierung umfasst - Google Patents

Uhrwerk, das eine hemmung mit einem zahnrad und einer arretierung umfasst Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3910426A1
EP3910426A1 EP21156454.7A EP21156454A EP3910426A1 EP 3910426 A1 EP3910426 A1 EP 3910426A1 EP 21156454 A EP21156454 A EP 21156454A EP 3910426 A1 EP3910426 A1 EP 3910426A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mechanical
escape wheel
watch movement
escapement
mechanical resonator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21156454.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gianni Di Domenico
Gérard Surmely
Marc Stranczl
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Swatch Group Research and Development SA filed Critical Swatch Group Research and Development SA
Publication of EP3910426A1 publication Critical patent/EP3910426A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G04B13/027—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots planar toothing: shape and design
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G04B15/08—Lever escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/30—Rotating governors, e.g. centrifugal governors, fan governors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B35/00—Adjusting the gear train, e.g. the backlash of the arbors, depth of meshing of the gears
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B43/00—Protecting clockworks by shields or other means against external influences, e.g. magnetic fields
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B43/00—Protecting clockworks by shields or other means against external influences, e.g. magnetic fields
    • G04B43/002—Component shock protection arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to watch movements comprising an escapement provided with a stopper cooperating, on the one hand, with a toothed escape wheel and, on the other hand, with a mechanical resonator.
  • the invention relates to a watch movement provided with an escapement comprising a magnetic coupling system between a toothed escape wheel and an anchor.
  • the anchor has a reciprocating movement which is synchronous, but different from the periodic movement of the mechanical resonator, this anchor being arranged so as to periodically stop the escape wheel so that the latter has a step-by-step rotation which is clocked by the mechanical resonator.
  • magnetic escapement is understood to mean an escapement provided with magnets arranged partly on the anchor and partly on the escape wheel so as to generate a magnetic coupling between the anchor and the escape wheel.
  • the Swiss lever escapement has been known for a very long time.
  • the teeth of the escape wheel cooperate with two vanes of the anchor in a determined manner allowing a step-by-step rotation of the escape wheel which is synchronous with the oscillation of the mechanical resonator, namely usually a sprung balance.
  • the sustaining pulses generated by the escapement and transmitted to the resonator gradually decrease in intensity so that when the wheel dips. 'exhaust ends up stopping then as said torque force becomes less than a limit value, the energy stored in the resonator is relatively low.
  • the risk that a pallet or a tooth of the escape wheel is damaged during a possible terminal impact between a pallet and a tooth, depending on the angular stop position of the escape wheel is relatively low. although not excluded.
  • the situation is more problematic in the case of a watch movement provided with a constant force drive system for the escapement wheel, since the resonator retains substantially the same mechanical energy throughout the operation of the escapement until 'when the escape wheel and its drive are stopped. The risk of an accidental event at the end of the watch movement is therefore increased.
  • the patent application EP 2 801 868 A2 proposes an escape wheel provided with teeth mounted on flexible blades oriented radially, so that these blades can easily be deformed under the action of a tangential force. Stops formed by the configuration of the escape wheel in the general plane of the teeth are provided to limit such tangential deformation and also rotation of the teeth.
  • the escape wheel of the hybrid escapement comprises projecting parts intended to cooperate with the mechanical vanes of the anchor in at least one phase of the operation of the escapement (for example at start-up and more particularly during the normal operation of the movement. watchmaker, to absorb kinetic energy at each step of the escape wheel and define angular stop positions for the escape wheel, as will be explained in the detailed description of the invention).
  • the hybrid escapement presents the risk of the escape wheel stopping in an unfavorable angular position while the mechanical resonator still has nominal mechanical energy.
  • the sustain pulses are magnetic pulses having a constant value as long as the force torque supplied to the escape wheel is greater than or equal to a certain lower limit.
  • the invention relates to a watch movement comprising a mechanical resonator and an escapement which is associated with this mechanical resonator, the escapement comprising an escape wheel, provided with a plurality of projecting parts, and a stopper comprising two mechanical paddles, forming two mechanical stops for the plurality of projecting parts, and a fork arranged to cooperate with the mechanical resonator via a periodic engagement of a pin, integral with this mechanical resonator, between two horns of the fork.
  • the mechanical resonator is coupled to the stopper so that, during normal operation of the watch movement, the stopper undergoes an alternating movement between two rest positions in which this stopper remains alternately during successive time intervals.
  • the escapement is arranged so as to allow, during normal operation of the watch movement, absorption of kinetic energy from the escapement wheel by successive shocks, between the plurality of projecting parts and alternately the two mechanical paddles, respectively in end of successive steps of a step-by-step rotation of the escape wheel.
  • the escapement is arranged so that, when the stopper is tilted from a first of its two rest positions towards the second rest position, while the escape wheel has a any angular position in a plurality of ranges of angular positions corresponding respectively to the plurality of protrusions, one of the two mechanical paddles abuts against a protruding part corresponding to the range of angular positions concerned before the stopper can reach an angular position of release of the pin on the side of the second rest position, said one of the two mechanical paddles then exerting on said projecting part a radial force, relative to the axis of rotation of the escape wheel, the intensity of which is a function of said any angular position of the escape wheel.
  • the projecting parts of the escape wheel are flexible and each is arranged so as to be able to flex, in a general plane perpendicular to an axis of rotation of the stopper, undergoing a radial elastic deformation under the action of said stopper.
  • radial force, each projecting part having an elastic capacity making it possible to elastically absorb, during said elastic deformation, the major part of a maximum mechanical energy that the mechanical resonator can have during normal operation of the watch movement.
  • the flexible protrusions are configured and the elasticity coefficients of these flexible protrusions are selected so as to allow good elastic absorption of the mechanical energy of the mechanical resonator in the case of '' stopping the escape wheel in an angular position of the range of angular positions corresponding to the protruding part concerned, while the mechanical resonator oscillates with an amplitude corresponding to normal operation of the watch movement, and so as to allow a good non-elastic absorption of the kinetic energy of the escape wheel at the end of each step of its step-by-step rotation during normal operation.
  • the impact between a mechanical pallet and a protruding part generates, in normal operation, on this protruding part a force tangential, relative to the axis of rotation of the escape wheel, while the impact between a mechanical pallet and this projecting part, when stopping the escape wheel in the range of angular positions corresponding to the part projecting considered, generates on this projecting part generally a mainly radial force.
  • a plurality of rigid parts, integral with the escape wheel are respectively arranged behind the plurality of flexible protrusions, relative to the normal direction of the step-by-step rotation of the wheel. escape wheel, so that each flexible projecting part is retained by the corresponding rigid part during an impact, among the successive impacts mentioned above, occurring between this projecting part and one or the other of the two mechanical paddles, to prevent or limit a retreat of this flexible protrusion during this impact and allow dissipation of the major part of the kinetic energy that the escape wheel has at the start of this impact.
  • each flexible protrusion subjected to the radial force can elastically deform so as to elastically absorb most of the work of this radial force.
  • the escapement or a drive mechanism for the escape wheel is arranged so that, during normal operation of the watch movement, the escape wheel supplies impulses to the stopper. Maintenance of an oscillation of the mechanical resonator which have a substantially constant energy as long as the watch movement is functioning normally.
  • the escapement comprises a magnetic system magnetically coupling the escape wheel and the stopper, this magnetic system being arranged so as to generate, during normal operation of the watch movement, magnetic pulses which form the constant energy sustain pulses mentioned above.
  • the stopper also has an elastic capacity allowing it to absorb elastically, when one of the two mechanical paddles abuts against a protruding part while the escape wheel has an angular position inside it. the corresponding range of angular positions and that the mechanical resonator is braked by the stopper, part of a mechanical energy that the mechanical resonator possesses at the start of such an event.
  • the anchor and the protruding part in question together advantageously have an elastic capacity allowing them to elastically absorb during said event a maximum mechanical energy that the mechanical resonator can have during normal operation of the watch movement.
  • a preferred embodiment of a watch movement according to the invention will be described below, which is of the mechanical type and comprises a mechanical resonator 2, of which only the axis 4, the small plate 6 having a notch and the pin 10 have been shown.
  • the watch movement comprises an escapement 12 which is associated with the mechanical resonator, the small plate and the pin of which are elements forming this escapement.
  • the escapement 12 further comprises an escape wheel 16 and an anchor 14 provided with an axis 15 defining its axis of rotation.
  • the anchor 14 is formed, on the one hand, of a fork 18, comprising two horns 19a and 19b, and of a stinger 8 and, on the other hand, of two arms 24 and 26, the free ends of which respectively form two mechanical paddles 28 and 29.
  • a connecting portion 25 connects the fork 18 to the arm 26 which is located on the side of the axis 4 of the mechanical resonator 2 relative to the axis 15 of the anchor.
  • the two mechanical paddles respectively support two magnets 30 and 32 which form two magnetic paddles of the anchor 14.
  • the mechanical resonator 2 is coupled to the anchor so that, when the mechanical resonator oscillates normally, this anchor undergoes a reciprocating movement, synchronized with the oscillation of the mechanical resonator, between two rest positions, defined by two limiting pins 21 and 22, in which the anchor remains alternately during successive time intervals.
  • the escape wheel 16 comprises a periodic magnetized structure 36 which is arranged on a disc 34, preferably of material. non-magnetic (not conducting magnetic fields so as not to make the escape wheel sensitive to external magnetic fields which could exert a significant torque on this escape wheel if this disc were made of ferromagnetic material).
  • the structure 36 has magnetized portions 38, generally in the arc of a circle, which define increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy for the two magnetic vanes 30 and 32, which each have an axial magnetization with a polarity opposite to that of the magnetization.
  • axial of the periodic magnetized structure 36 so as to generate magnetic repulsion between the magnetic vanes and the magnetized structure. Each magnetized portion has an increasing monotonic width.
  • the width of the magnetized portions 38 increases, over the whole of their useful length, in a linear manner as a function of the angle at the center.
  • the periodic magnetized structure 36 is arranged so that its outer periphery is circular, the magnetized portions in the arc of a circle of this magnetized structure having the same configuration and being arranged circularly around the axis of rotation of the wheel. exhaust 16.
  • each increasing ramp of magnetic potential energy is provided so that each of the two magnetic paddles can climb it when the anchor is in a given rest position, among its two rest positions, and that a couple of force supplied to the escape wheel is approximately equal to a nominal force torque (in the case of a mechanical movement provided with a constant force system for driving the escape wheel) or within a range of values provided to ensure the normal operation of the watch movement (case of a conventional mechanical movement having a variable force torque applied to the escape wheel depending on the level of winding of the barrel or barrels).
  • the increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy are climbed when the anchor undergoes a reciprocating movement between its two rest positions and when the force torque supplied to the escape wheel is equal to said nominal force torque or included in the range of values provided for this torque force in normal operation, successively by each of the first and second magnetic paddles while the anchor is periodically and respectively in its first and second rest positions, and alternately by these first and second magnetic paddles during the reciprocating movement of the anchor.
  • the two magnetic paddles and the increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy are arranged so that the anchor can undergo a pulse of magnetic force in the direction of its movement, after either of the two magnetic paddles has climbed a any of said increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy, when the anchor swings from the rest position corresponding to a magnetic coupling between the relevant magnetic paddle and said any ramp of magnetic potential energy towards its other rest position.
  • the escape wheel further comprises projecting parts 42 which are associated respectively with the magnetized portions 38 and therefore with the increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy.
  • These protruding parts are formed, in the variant shown, by flexible teeth 42 extending at the periphery of a plate 40 with which the teeth are integral, this plate being integral with the escape wheel and located above. of the disc 34 which carries the magnetized structure 36.
  • the heads of the flexible teeth are located respectively at the widest end of the magnetized portions 38 and are partially superimposed on these magnetized portions.
  • Flexible teeth and mechanical paddles are formed by a non-magnetic material.
  • the plate 40 is also formed by a non-magnetic material and it is integrally formed with the teeth.
  • the teeth 42 extend in a general plane in which also extend the two mechanical vanes 28, 29 of the anchor.
  • the two magnets 30, 32 are respectively supported by the two mechanical paddles and are also located in said general plan.
  • the figures only show a lower magnet structure, located below the general plane.
  • the escape wheel further comprises an upper magnetized structure, of the same configuration as the lower magnetized structure and supported by an upper disc, preferably formed of a non-magnetic material.
  • the lower and upper magnet structures together form the periodic magnet structure. They have the same magnetic polarity, opposite to that of the two magnets of the anchor, and are arranged on either side of the geometric plane in which these two magnets forming the two magnetic vanes are located, preferably at the same distance.
  • the escapement 12 is an escapement of the hybrid type, that is to say magnetic and mechanical, which makes it possible to improve the behavior of a magnetic escapement in normal operation (that is to say during operation stable, occurring after a starting phase, with a torque of force M RE supplied to the escape wheel which is substantially equal to a torque of nominal force or within a range of values P VM provided to ensure the normal operation of the movement watchmaker, in particular correct step-by-step rotation of the escape wheel).
  • the exhaust 12 makes it possible to obtain a self-start of the assembly formed by the exhaust and the mechanical resonator.
  • the role of the teeth 42 of the escapement 12 during the normal operation of the watch movement will be explained below, in particular with the aid of the Figures 1A to 1C , and then the auto-start phase will be exposed using the Figures 2A and 2B .
  • the escapement 12 is arranged so as to allow, during normal operation of the watch movement, absorption of kinetic energy from the escapement wheel by successive shocks, between the plurality of projecting parts 42 and alternatively the two mechanical paddles 28, 29, respectively at the end of successive steps of a step-by-step rotation of the escape wheel.
  • the anchor 14 and the wheel exhaust 16 are arranged so that, in normal operation, one of the teeth 42 of the escape wheel undergoes at least an impact on one or the other of the two mechanical paddles after the corresponding magnetic paddle has climbed any of the increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy following a tilting of the anchor. This shock occurs so as to at least partially dissipate a kinetic energy of the escape wheel acquired following said tilting.
  • the teeth of the escape wheel are therefore designed to be able, during normal operation of the watch movement, to absorb the kinetic energy of this escape wheel, at each step of the escape wheel, in a non-elastic manner, after an accumulation of magnetic potential energy in the escapement provided for a next magnetic pulse of maintenance of the mechanical resonator, and thus to limit or even prevent a terminal oscillation of the escape wheel, thanks to the high damping provided, during each step of its step-by-step rotation.
  • a flexible tooth 42 presses against a mechanical stop / an anchor stop surface formed by one or the other of the anchors. two mechanical pallets.
  • P VM of the force torque M RE it is expected, in normal operation and for the entire range of values P VM of the force torque M RE , that the escape wheel is momentarily immobilized, after at least a first shock of any of its teeth against any of the two mechanical paddles 28, 29 and before a subsequent tilting of the anchor, to an angular stop position in which the any tooth presses against any mechanical paddle.
  • Each angular stop position is thus defined by a tooth resting against a mechanical pallet, as shown in Figure 1A .
  • a plurality of rigid parts formed in particular by pins 44 fixed to the disc 34 and rising therefrom in the direction of a general plane in which the flexible teeth 42 extend, are respectively arranged at the rear of the plurality of flexible teeth, so as to neutralize or inhibit most of the flexibility of these teeth during successive impacts, provided in normal operation, to absorb kinetic energy of the escape wheel at the end of each step of its step-by-step rotation and to limit or even prevent an oscillation of the escape wheel following an accumulation of magnetic potential energy preceding a first impact between a mechanical pallet and a tooth at the end of each step.
  • the plurality of rigid parts (retaining pins 44), integral with the escape wheel 16, are respectively arranged behind the plurality of flexible protruding parts (flexible teeth 42), relative to the normal direction of rotation. step of the escape wheel.
  • the configuration of the flexible teeth 42 and of the retaining pins 44 is provided so that each pin substantially blocks any movement of the corresponding tooth in a tangential direction and in a direction opposite to that of the normal rotation of the escape wheel, so that each flexible tooth 42 is retained by the corresponding pin during an impact occurring, in normal operation, between this flexible tooth and one or the other of the two mechanical paddles of the anchor, to prevent or greatly limit a recoil of this flexible tooth during this shock and allow dissipation of the major part of the kinetic energy that the escape wheel has at the start of this shock.
  • the flexible teeth 42 have a particular configuration with a head 42a, a nose of which in turn abuts, in normal operation, against one and, subsequently, the other of the two paddles.
  • mechanical anchor, a rigid or semi-rigid body 42b and an end portion 42c which is formed by a flexible blade oriented mainly tangentially relative to the center of the escape wheel, more particularly substantially parallel to the direction tangential to the end of the nose of the flexible tooth in question, this end defining the point of impact with each mechanical pallet during normal operation of the watch movement.
  • each tooth is fixed to a base 43 projecting from the plate 40 and having an orientation substantially perpendicular to this end part, the base being according to the rigid or semi-rigid variant.
  • the configuration of the flexible teeth 42 provided in the aforementioned specific variant is also advantageous and adapted to the general embodiment described above in the summary of the invention.
  • the flexible teeth have a relatively high elasticity in the radial direction at the top of their head (in the case of a frontal impact between a pallet and the top of a tooth head when the watch movement stops functioning normally, situation which will be described in more detail below with reference to Figures 3A to 3F ), but a relatively small elasticity in the tangential direction at the end of their nose (for inelastic absorption of kinetic energy of the escape wheel during the successive shocks provided with the mechanical paddles during normal operation of the watch movement ), because the end part 42c is at least semi-rigid in the longitudinal direction of the flexible blade which forms this end part.
  • retaining pins 44 are arranged behind the bodies 42b of the flexible teeth, a short distance from these tooth bodies or resting against them. Since the elasticity of each flexible tooth is mainly built into its end portion 42c and the flexible blade which forms it is expected to be oriented primarily tangentially relative to the point of contact between the flexible tooth and the retaining pin, this tooth exhibits, as desired, a relatively high rigidity upon impact between its nose and one or the other of the two mechanical paddles in normal operation (as indicated, the flexible blade which forms the terminal part of the tooth exhibits a relatively strong elasticity in the direction transverse to this blade, but relatively high rigidity in its longitudinal direction).
  • Each retaining pin 44 has at least two functions in normal operation of the watch movement, namely a first function consisting in blocking the elastic joint formed by the flexible end part 42c of the corresponding flexible tooth. to obtain a relatively high rigidity of this tooth during a tangential impact at the level of the end of said nose of its head, the second function being to participate in a non-elastic absorption of the kinetic energy of the escape wheel during of such a tangential shock.
  • FIGS 1A to 1D show four snapshots of the assembly formed of the mechanical resonator 2 and of the hybrid escapement 12 during normal operation of the watch movement incorporating this assembly.
  • the mechanical resonator 2 oscillates in its free angular range, that is to say without interaction with the fork 18 of the anchor 12, the latter is in a first of its two rest positions resting against the pin limitation 22.
  • the escape wheel 16 is in an angular end-of-step position in which it is stopped by the mechanical pallet 28 against which the nose of the head 42a of a flexible tooth 42 abuts, the body 42b of this flexible tooth being retained by a pin 44 arranged upstream of the tooth, or behind the body 42b.
  • FIG. 1B shows the aforementioned assembly while the peg 10 of the mechanical resonator is engaged in the fork / inserted between the two horns 19a and 19b thereof, just after the peg has angularly displaced the anchor 14 so as to displace sufficiently the magnet 30 in a radial direction to allow this anchor to switch between its two rest positions by generating a magnetic pulse which then generates a force torque on the anchor, which becomes driving the mechanical resonator 2, as shown, and provides it with a maintenance pulse without requiring an angular displacement of the escape wheel during this event.
  • the Figure 1C shows the assembly considered when the tilting of the anchor 14 has ended and the mechanical resonator has again freed itself from the anchor which is then in its second rest position.
  • the magnet 32 associated with the mechanical pallet 29 begins to climb a magnetic potential energy ramp formed by a magnetized portion 38 defining an increasing ramp for the magnet 32 while the escape wheel is rotated by the motor means of the clockwork movement.
  • a tangential shock occurring between a flexible tooth 42 and the mechanical pallet 29 when the magnet 32 has arrived at the top of the planned magnetic potential energy ramp. This tangential impact and the reaction of the assembly formed from the concerned tooth 42 and the retaining pin 44 which is associated with it have been explained in detail previously.
  • the flexible teeth 42 and the mechanical paddles 28, 29 are arranged so that, during a new winding of the barrel spring following a stop of the watch movement and allowing the escape wheel 16 to reset. turning in the intended direction of rotation, at least one of the two mechanical paddles 28, 29 comes into contact with a tooth 42 of the escape wheel, which are configured so that the escape wheel can supply the anchor 14 a starting mechanical force torque and therefore a starting mechanical impulse.
  • a tooth 42 of the escape wheel which are configured so that the escape wheel can supply the anchor 14 a starting mechanical force torque and therefore a starting mechanical impulse.
  • each of the flexible teeth 42 has, in a polar coordinate system which is centered on the axis of rotation of the escape wheel 16, a first inclined surface SI1 which is inclined so that each of the first and second mechanical paddles 28, 29 can, in a starting phase, slide on this first inclined surface while the escape wheel passes through a corresponding range of angular positions ⁇ .
  • inclined surface in a polar coordinate system, we understand a surface which is neither radial nor tangential.
  • each of the two mechanical pallets of the anchor has, in the polar coordinate system associated with the escape wheel, a second inclined surface SI2 when the pallet in question is in contact with one of the teeth 42 of the escape wheel. exhaust.
  • the second inclined surface is configured so that each of the teeth 42 can, in a starting phase, slide on this second inclined surface when the escape wheel passes through a range of angular positions ⁇ which corresponds to a contact zone between the tooth and the mechanical pallet considered.
  • the flexible teeth, retaining pins and mechanical paddles are arranged so that the reaction force exerted on start-up by a mechanical paddle in contact with a flexible tooth, as the escape wheel begins to rotate, has an overall orientation which passes, in the polar coordinate system of the escape wheel, above the point of contact between the body 42b of the affected tooth and the retaining pin located behind this tooth body.
  • some frictional force between that head and the inclined surface may be favorable. However, this frictional force must not be too great to allow the tooth to slide along this inclined surface to generate a starting pulse.
  • the Figure 2A shows the assembly formed by the escape wheel 16, the anchor 14 and the mechanical resonator 2 initially at a standstill, at the start of a starting pulse.
  • the horn 19b of the fork 18 begins to exert a starting force on the pin 10 of the mechanical resonator.
  • the escape wheel continues to rotate and the anchor is subjected to a torque of mechanical force which is transmitted to the mechanical resonator via the coupling between the fork and the peg until a situation as shown in Figure 2B in which the mechanical resonator has received a starting mechanical impulse, possibly reinforced by a certain simultaneous magnetic impulse; which starts an oscillation of this mechanical resonator.
  • teeth 42 to allow one or the other of the two functions described above, namely the damping of oscillations of the escape wheel during a step-by-step rotation of the latter in operation normal and self-starting of the assembly formed by the mechanical resonator and the escapement, in particular an escapement of the magnetic type, has the consequence that, during a tilting of the anchor 14 from a first of its two positions rest in the direction of the second rest position while the escape wheel 16 is positioned in any angular position ⁇ of a plurality of ranges of angular positions corresponding respectively to the plurality of teeth, one of the two mechanical paddles abuts against one of these teeth before the anchor can reach the angular position of release of the ankle on the side of the second rest position, as shown in Figure 3B .
  • the escape wheel can stop in any angular position ⁇ of a plurality of ranges angular positions, corresponding respectively to the plurality of flexible teeth 42, for which one of the two mechanical paddles then abuts against one of these teeth before the anchor can reach the angular position of release of the ankle, as shown in Figure Figure 3B .
  • This Figure 3B shows a particularly unfavorable case where an end portion of the mechanical pallet 29 is impacted on the top of the head 42a of a flexible tooth 42 against which this mechanical pallet abuts.
  • the substantially radial force, in a polar coordinate system associated with the escape wheel, exerted by the mechanical pallet of the anchor on the flexible tooth concerned is substantially perpendicular to the contact surface of the head 42a and the normal reaction force of the tooth is then substantially equal in intensity to the radial force, so that this tooth and the mechanical pallet are subjected to a frontal impact.
  • the frontal impact of substantially radial direction does not relate only to the moment at which the mechanical pallet and the tooth come into contact, but it is about an impulse of radial force which has a certain duration given that this shock frontal takes place while the pin of the oscillating resonator is inserted between the two horns 19a and 19b of the fork 18 and a magnetic pulse is supplied to the anchor.
  • the radial force impulse has several components: firstly a component originating from the inertia of the moving anchor 14 which is stopped; - secondly a main component due to the mechanical energy stored in the oscillating mechanical resonator 2 which is stopped in its oscillation while its kinetic energy is almost maximum, via the coupling between the fork 18 and the peg 10; - thirdly a magnetic component resulting from the fact that the shock occurs while a magnetic impulse is supplied to the anchor.
  • a relatively long impact duration is provided with an elastic absorption of kinetic energy of the mechanical resonator 2 allowing the latter to decelerate over a certain angular distance and thus reduce the intensity of the deceleration.
  • the teeth 42 of the escape wheel 16 are provided flexible and each is arranged so as to be able to bend, in a general plane perpendicular to an axis of rotation of the anchor 14, undergoing an elastic deformation under the 'action of a radial force, relative to the axis of rotation of the escape wheel, which is exerted by one of the two mechanical paddles abutting against the flexible tooth in question while the escape wheel has any angular position at within a corresponding range of angular positions, mentioned above, and that the mechanical resonator is braked by the anchor.
  • Each flexible tooth has an elastic capacity making it possible to elastically absorb, during said elastic deformation under the action of said radial force, the major part of a maximum mechanical energy that the mechanical resonator can have during normal operation of the watch movement. It will be noted that, during the impact between the mechanical pallet and the flexible tooth, there is a certain dissipation of energy, in particular in the mechanical resonator and the anchor, and also in other structures concerned, in particular in the plate 40 and the bearings of the escape wheel. Thanks to the invention, any breakage or deterioration of the escapement and of the mechanical resonator can thus be avoided. It has already been explained previously that the flexible teeth 42 have been configured so as to present mainly an elasticity in a radial direction passing through the top of their head 42a. Indeed, the end portion 42c of each tooth having the greatest flexibility, and therefore the greatest elastic capacity, is formed by a flexible blade which is oriented mainly orthogonally to said radial direction.
  • flexible tooth is generally understood a projecting element of which at least a part and / or a connecting part of this element to a support can / can deform elastically during an impact, in particular substantially radial, that can undergo this element under the action of a mechanical pallet of the anchor, having an elastic capacity sufficient to elastically absorb a significant part of the mechanical energy of the mechanical resonator that can transmit the anchor to this element while the mechanical resonator, initially having a mechanical energy corresponding to normal operation of the watch movement, is close to its rest position and suddenly braked, in particular to zero speed, by the anchor, a mechanical pallet of which abuts against the element projecting.
  • elastic capacity is understood to mean an elastic energy absorption capacity, the elastic energy being the energy stored in a strained material in the form of elastic deformation. Thanks to the characteristics of the escape wheel according to the invention, an excessively sudden impact between the latter and the anchor is avoided and a progressive dissipation of the mechanical energy of the mechanical resonator is allowed when the wheel stops. exhaust, whatever then its angular position.
  • the plurality of rigid parts are arranged so that when a mechanical pallet abuts a flexible protrusion (i.e. flexible tooth 42 in the variant shown) ) and that the mechanical resonator 2 is then braked by the anchor 14, the flexible projecting part subjected to said radial force can be elastically deformed so as to elastically absorb most of the work of this radial force.
  • the flexible tooth elastically deformed by the mechanical pallet 29 restores the energy absorbed elastically to the mechanical resonator via the anchor which thus provides a certain impulse of force to this resonator until the flexible tooth 42 abuts against the pin 44, this event being represented at 3d figure .
  • the pin 44 plays an interesting role in this phase because it allows, once the frontal impact is over (the frontal impact in question lasts as long as the radial force, mentioned previously, which is exerted on the flexible tooth concerned is generated by the deceleration of the mechanical resonator), to dissipate part of the elastic energy absorbed during the frontal impact and thus reduce the quantity of mechanical energy given back to the mechanical resonator, so as to rapidly dampen a residual oscillation until the mechanical resonator comes to a complete stop .
  • the Figure 3E shows a snapshot with the mechanical resonator in an extreme angular position defining the amplitude of an alternation generated by the partial restitution of the elastic energy absorbed by the flexible tooth.
  • the flexible teeth 42 are arranged to bear against the retaining pins 44 with a pre-stress, that is to say with a certain initial elastic deformation which is generated by the retaining pins on the respective L-shaped teeth. absence of other forces.
  • a prestress makes it possible to increase the elastic absorption capacity of the flexible teeth over a given displacement distance from an initial position, in abutment against the respective pins, and a final position where these teeth abut on a base 43 of a tooth downstream and / or on the periphery of the plate 40 which supports the flexible teeth at its periphery, as in the variant shown in the figures.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
EP21156454.7A 2020-05-13 2021-02-11 Uhrwerk, das eine hemmung mit einem zahnrad und einer arretierung umfasst Pending EP3910426A1 (de)

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EP21156454.7A Pending EP3910426A1 (de) 2020-05-13 2021-02-11 Uhrwerk, das eine hemmung mit einem zahnrad und einer arretierung umfasst

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EP (2) EP3910425A1 (de)
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1047551A (fr) 1952-01-07 1953-12-15 Ets Japy Freres Perfectionnements aux échappements à ancres, en particulier pour mouvements d'horlogerie
US2717488A (en) 1952-01-07 1955-09-13 Gen Horlogere Noiseless anchor-escapement, particularly for clock-works
EP2801868A2 (de) 2013-05-08 2014-11-12 Manufacture et fabrique de montres et chronomètres Ulysse Nardin Le Locle SA Hemmungsrad
EP3627242A1 (de) * 2018-09-19 2020-03-25 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Optimierter magnet-mechanischer uhrhemmungsmechanismus

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB505059A (en) 1938-03-16 1939-05-04 Norman Reeves King Improvements in time-measuring escapement mechanism for clocks and watches or other purposes
JPH0729508Y2 (ja) * 1986-12-25 1995-07-05 中川電化産業株式会社 調速機構
DE10062933B4 (de) * 2000-12-16 2004-12-23 Lothar Schmidt Ankerhemmung für eine Uhr
ATE469378T1 (de) * 2001-12-15 2010-06-15 Richemont Int Sa Konstantkraftvorrichtung
JP4849998B2 (ja) * 2006-08-29 2012-01-11 セイコーインスツル株式会社 機械式時計の脱進機
CH703449B8 (fr) * 2010-07-14 2015-02-27 Patek Philippe Sa Geneve Ancre d'échappement pour mouvement d'horlogerie.
CN103097965B (zh) * 2010-07-19 2015-05-13 尼瓦洛克斯-法尔股份有限公司 具有弹性枢轴的振荡机构和用于传递能量的可动元件
EP3037894B1 (de) * 2014-12-22 2018-01-31 Manufacture et fabrique de montres et chronomètres Ulysse Nardin Le Locle SA Mechanismus und Verfahren zur Geschwindigkeitseinstellung in einem Uhrwerk
EP3182224B1 (de) * 2015-12-18 2019-05-22 Montres Breguet S.A. Sicherheitsregulator für uhrhemmung
EP3217227B1 (de) * 2016-03-11 2019-02-27 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Reguliermechanismus eines uhrwerks mit optimierter magnetischer hemmung
JP6772790B2 (ja) * 2016-11-29 2020-10-21 セイコーエプソン株式会社 時計部品の製造方法、及び時計の製造方法

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1047551A (fr) 1952-01-07 1953-12-15 Ets Japy Freres Perfectionnements aux échappements à ancres, en particulier pour mouvements d'horlogerie
US2717488A (en) 1952-01-07 1955-09-13 Gen Horlogere Noiseless anchor-escapement, particularly for clock-works
EP2801868A2 (de) 2013-05-08 2014-11-12 Manufacture et fabrique de montres et chronomètres Ulysse Nardin Le Locle SA Hemmungsrad
EP3627242A1 (de) * 2018-09-19 2020-03-25 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Optimierter magnet-mechanischer uhrhemmungsmechanismus

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JP7199464B2 (ja) 2023-01-05
EP3910425A1 (de) 2021-11-17
US11934150B2 (en) 2024-03-19
JP2021179424A (ja) 2021-11-18
US20210356911A1 (en) 2021-11-18
CN113671815B (zh) 2023-04-07
CN113671815A (zh) 2021-11-19

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