EP3825610A1 - Procédé et dispositif de mesure de la valeur lambda dans un bruleur à combustion des fossiles, en particulier pour une installation de chauffage et/ou d'eau sanitaire - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de mesure de la valeur lambda dans un bruleur à combustion des fossiles, en particulier pour une installation de chauffage et/ou d'eau sanitaire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3825610A1
EP3825610A1 EP20206622.1A EP20206622A EP3825610A1 EP 3825610 A1 EP3825610 A1 EP 3825610A1 EP 20206622 A EP20206622 A EP 20206622A EP 3825610 A1 EP3825610 A1 EP 3825610A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lambda value
resistance
voltage
total
ionization
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Granted
Application number
EP20206622.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3825610C0 (fr
EP3825610B1 (fr
Inventor
Julian Tacke
Tim Grunert
Sabrina Resch
Marvin Resch
Philipp Ant
Christoph Löhr
Matthias Wodtke
Sebastian von Camen
Jens Baerends
Matthias Stursberg
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Vaillant GmbH
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Vaillant GmbH
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Publication of EP3825610C0 publication Critical patent/EP3825610C0/fr
Publication of EP3825610B1 publication Critical patent/EP3825610B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/12—Flame sensors with flame rectification current detecting means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to fossil-fired burners that burn combustion air together with fuel gas or oil, in particular for operating a heating system or for heating domestic water. Such burners are carefully regulated for safety reasons as well as for reasons of efficiency and environmental protection, as a result of which low-emission and complete combustion of the fossil fuel used is largely possible.
  • the most important value for combustion is the lambda value (also known as the air ratio), which indicates the ratio of the air supplied for combustion to the air required for stoichiometric combustion in a combustion chamber, and thus enables conclusions to be drawn about the fuel-air mixture .
  • the lambda value is typically measured and kept in a desired (environmentally friendly and safe) range by means of suitable controls, in particular in a more than stoichiometric range (excess air) of, for example, a lambda value between 1.2 and 1.6.
  • the regulation can take place by changing the air supply and / or the fuel supply.
  • the measurement of the lambda value is not very easy and, because of the conditions prevailing in a combustion chamber, it is not easy to carry out stable over long periods of time and with little maintenance.
  • numerous methods and devices for measuring the lambda value are known as well as methods for regulating the lambda value of a burner and for recurring calibration of measuring systems
  • a typical ionization measuring device has an ionization electrode in the flame area and a counter electrode (mostly parts of the metallic structure for distributing fuel in a combustion chamber) to which an electrical voltage is applied by means of a voltage source. When a flame is present, an electrical current flows depending on the electrical resistance in the flame area (the flame resistance), which can be measured.
  • This current or ionization signals derived therefrom can, after suitable calibration, be converted into a lambda value and used to regulate the burner.
  • the measured ionization current is not only influenced by the lambda value, but also by a so-called oxide film resistance of the ionization electrode. This changes in the course of time due to oxidation and other influences, so that the measuring system has to be recalibrated again and again in order to be able to separate a change in the flame resistance from a change in the oxide film resistance.
  • an ionization measuring device which is recalibrated again and again by systematically changing the lambda value.
  • Other methods also make use of the effect that the flame resistance or an ionization signal derived therefrom with the lambda value usually changes in a characteristic manner, but the oxide layer resistance does not change or is negligible.
  • a recalibration can therefore be carried out by varying the lambda value during operation (usually with a constant output of the burner) by changing the oxide film resistance be compensated. Such a recalibration is also in the EP 3 045 816 B1 described.
  • the recalibration takes place at constant power and takes a few seconds, so that the entire system cannot react to requests for a change in power during this time, which can have disadvantages.
  • the described methods of recalibration only work if the ionization signal actually changes in a characteristic way with the lambda value, in particular has a defined maximum, minimum or a detectable threshold, which depends on the design of the burner and is not always guaranteed.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method and a device as well as a computer program product for measuring the lambda value which avoid the disadvantages described.
  • a recalibration should also be unnecessary or possible in such a short time that no or only negligible restrictions in the availability of the system for changes in performance have to be accepted. It should be made possible with simple means to measure the flame resistance and to determine changes in the oxide film resistance separately.
  • an alternative method for determining the lambda value is to be specified, which can also be used directly as a setpoint value for regulating a burner.
  • a suitable method for this relates to the measurement of the lambda value in a combustion chamber of a burner operated with gaseous or liquid fuel, an ionization current in a flame area that forms inside the combustion chamber of the burner by means of an ionization electrode, a counter electrode and a voltage source Entire circuit is generated, the ionization current for at least two different voltages applied to the ionization electrode being measured and the total resistance of the entire circuit being determined therefrom, and the lambda value being determined from the total resistances determined using calibration curves or calibration data .
  • Fig. 1 shown as a diagram. In simple terms, it increases in a certain voltage range, e.g. B. between 100 and 400 V [volts], the flame resistance RF approximately linearly with the ionization voltage U, but with a different slope for different lambda values, z. B. between lambda 1.1 to 1.6.
  • the lambda value can therefore be determined directly from the difference between two flame resistances at two defined different voltages (corresponds to the slope). The measurement becomes more accurate if it is performed at more different voltages.
  • the principle also works with not (completely) linear relationships if the functions only differ sufficiently in slope, curvature or other properties depending on the lambda value.
  • a lambda value can always be assigned from at least two measured flame resistances. Since two measurements at different voltages can be carried out within a very short time, typically in less than 0.1 to 1 s [second], practically no restriction in the operation of the burner is required for this measurement. The measurement can be carried out frequently or more or less permanently, and is therefore quick and very robust against interference.
  • an alternating voltage is applied to the ionization electrode, which is the case with typical ionization measurements, and if the alternating voltage and the respective associated ionization current are measured with such a high temporal resolution that the total resistance of the overall circuit can be determined for at least two different voltages, the measurement described is possible within half a period of the alternating voltage.
  • the time resolution is preferably selected to be so high that a quasi-continuous measurement of voltage U and associated ionization current I is carried out at a predetermined frequency of the alternating current.
  • the measured ionization current I is then an alternating current, the current strength of which can be assigned to the respective voltage values of the alternating voltage.
  • the total resistance R in the total circuit can be calculated for each pair of measured values from voltage and current.
  • R2 - R1 of two total resistances R1 and R2 at two different voltages U1 and U2
  • all (non-voltage-dependent) resistances in the overall circuit except for a flame resistance RF can be eliminated, whereby from the difference R2 - R1 and the two different voltages U1 and U2 the lambda value is determined directly on the basis of calibration curves or calibration data.
  • the diagram in Fig. 1 illustrates a set of calibration curves (for a given constant power of the burner) with which this can be done.
  • the measurements of the total resistance R are preferably carried out at three or more different voltages U or quasi-continuously and the measurement data are converted into a lambda value using calibration curves or calibration data. This increases the accuracy of the measurement.
  • an oxide film resistance RO is derived from a time behavior of a difference between the total resistance R and the flame resistance RF Ionization electrode and thus its aging closed.
  • This preferred application of the method makes it possible to measure the oxide film resistance RO, which changes over time, which allows conclusions to be drawn about the state of the ionization electrode. So z. B. determine when maintenance of the burner is required.
  • the oxide film resistance RO can be passed on to a control loop, where it can be eliminated from the control as an interference factor.
  • a device for measuring the lambda value in a combustion chamber of a burner operated with gaseous or liquid fuel is also proposed, an ionization electrode and a counter electrode (usually the burner itself or parts thereof) being present in a flame area, which together with a voltage source form an overall circuit in the presence of a flame in the flame area, furthermore the voltage source is set up for the generation of at least two different voltages and devices for measuring voltage and current are present and evaluation electronics are present, which consist of voltage U and current I.
  • Total resistance R is calculated and the lambda value and / or an oxide film resistance RO of the ionization electrode is calculated using calibration curves or calibration data from at least two total resistances R1 and R2 measured at constant power of the burner at different voltages U1 and U2 averages.
  • the voltage source is preferably an alternating voltage source, and there are devices for measuring voltage U and current I with such a high temporal resolution that at a given frequency of the alternating current from voltage U and current I, the total resistance R of the circuit associated with each voltage U can be determined is. While in known ionization measurements with alternating current the ionization current is averaged integrally over many periods of an alternating voltage and ionization signals are derived therefrom according to various methods, a high temporal resolution is advantageous in order to be able to carry out the desired measurements quickly, in particular within less than a second.
  • the device advantageously has evaluation electronics which determine the lambda value from at least two measured values of voltage U and associated current I on the basis of calibration curves or calibration data.
  • the calibration data are characteristic of a burner and can preferably be stored in an electronic memory as data or characteristic maps.
  • the evaluation electronics can comprise a device for forming the difference between two values of the total resistance R at different voltages U, whereby the total resistance R can be broken down into a flame resistance RF and an oxide film resistance RO.
  • the invention allows a completely new type of measurement and direct control of the lambda value of a burner, but can also be used to recalibrate other control systems from time to time.
  • control device in particular including at least the evaluation electronics
  • the method can also be carried out by a computer or with a processor of a control device.
  • a system for data processing which comprises a processor which is adapted / configured in such a way that it carries out the method or part of the steps of the proposed method.
  • a computer-readable storage medium can be provided which comprises instructions which, when executed by a computer / processor, cause the latter to execute the method or at least some of the steps of the proposed method.
  • Figure 1 shows a diagram illustrating the basis of the present invention.
  • the flame resistance RF in a flame area 2 of a combustion chamber of a burner 1 with a constant output of the burner is dependent in a characteristic way both on the lambda value during combustion and on the voltage U used to generate it an ionization current I in the flame area 2 is used.
  • the flame resistance RF is not constant, but increases with increasing voltage U, at least in a certain voltage range from 100 to 400 V, for example, almost linearly or at least steadily, but the slope also depends on the lambda value.
  • the voltage U is plotted on the X axis and the total resistance R (which is in the range of a few megohms) on the Y axis, specifically for various lambda values between 1.1 and 1.6. It can be seen that the measurement of two resistances R (the difference of which can be calculated) at different voltages U1, U2 allows a clear statement as to which lambda value was present in the measurements.
  • the total resistance R is composed (in the case of other resistances in the overall circuit assumed to be negligible and / or constant) additively from a flame resistance RF and the oxide film resistance RO (which generally changes slowly over time in a manner that cannot be precisely predicted), so that a measurement or calculation of the total resistance R with only one voltage U does not yet provide any usable information, since it is not known what proportion of the total resistance R is accounted for by the flame resistance RF.
  • the lambda value and the flame resistance RF (and thus of course also the oxide film resistance RO) can be determined using calibration data (as described in Fig. 1 are shown). To put it simply, the axis section of a straight line and its slope can be determined from two pairs of measured values, which in this case would correspond to the oxide film resistance RO and the lambda value.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates schematically how in a combustion chamber of a burner 1 (here a gas burner is used as an example, but the explanations also apply to oil burners) during operation a flame area 2 is formed, in which an ionization current I can be measured.
  • a gas burner is used as an example, but the explanations also apply to oil burners
  • an ionization electrode 3 protrudes into the flame area 2.
  • a metallic component typically serves as the counter electrode 4 in the area of the entry of fuel gas and air into the combustion chamber.
  • the counter electrode 4 is usually electronically connected to ground.
  • the ionization electrode 3 and the counter electrode 4 are connected to a voltage source 5 which, in the present example, supplies an alternating current, so that an ion current I flows through the flame region 2.
  • the strength of this ion current depends on the voltage U of the voltage source 5, on a flame resistance RF in the flame area 2 and the oxide layer resistance RO of an oxide layer 8 on the ionization electrode 3.
  • the ionization current is measured by means of an ammeter 7.
  • the voltage of the voltage source 5 is measured by means of a voltmeter 6, the ionization current being measured at at least two different voltages U1, U2. This can be done either by operating the voltage source 5 alternately with different voltages, or by measuring current I and voltage U with high temporal resolution when using alternating current, so that the periodically changing voltage U of the alternating current results in several current measurements can be used at different voltages.
  • the measuring principle works for any current source with variable or periodically changing voltage.
  • the measurement signal of the ammeter 7 is transmitted to evaluation electronics 11 via a first signal line 9, and the measurement signal of the voltmeter 6 is transmitted by means of a second signal line 10.
  • the voltage source 5 is operated with a constant effective alternating voltage and the signal from the ammeter 7 (as indicated by an arrow in the evaluation electronics 11) is transmitted to an electronic control system 16, which generates a lambda from the measured ion current I or signals derived therefrom -Value and regulates the gas-air mixture with this and other information.
  • an electronic control system 16 which generates a lambda from the measured ion current I or signals derived therefrom -Value and regulates the gas-air mixture with this and other information.
  • Such a regulation typically takes place in that commands are given to actuators in an air inlet 12 and / or fuel gas inlet 13 via an actuating signal line 14 so that an optimal mixture of air and fuel gas is always supplied.
  • the control electronics can contain calibration data and so far could execute programs as described at the beginning at predeterminable intervals, which resulted in a recalibration of the control.
  • the evaluation electronics 11 can determine the lambda value directly on the basis of two or more pairs of values of current U and voltage I measured at different voltages U1, U2 (but with constant output of the burner) using stored calibration curves or calibration data. This can therefore be used for regulating the burner 1 instead of a lambda value previously derived from the ionization current I in a different manner. If, however, a tried and tested regulation is to be retained, the evaluation electronics 11 operated according to the method according to the invention can provide a lambda value for recalibration at any time.
  • the evaluation electronics 11 can measure the flame resistance RF separately from the oxide film resistance RO, whereby information about the state of the ionization electrode 3 and its oxide film resistance RO is also available.
  • the measurement of the lambda value or the oxide film resistance RO lasts only as long as the setting of two different voltages at the voltage source 5 or less than one period of an alternating current if a sufficiently high temporal resolution of the measurements is achieved. This allows a more precise regulation with known regulations without these having to go through certain procedures for a recalibration which reduce the availability for changes in performance.
  • the data required by the control electronics 16 can be transmitted from the evaluation electronics 11 by means of a data line 15. In practice, evaluation electronics 11 and control electronics 16 will in most cases be designed as a common electronics module with a microprocessor.
  • the present invention is suitable for use in all burners operated with oil or fuel gas, in particular for heating systems and / or domestic water heating, and allows high availability for changes in output with long-term precise regulation of the lambda value during combustion.
  • the change in the oxide film resistance of an ionization electrode can be completely compensated for and a statement about the state of the ionization electrode is possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP20206622.1A 2019-11-22 2020-11-10 Procédé et dispositif de mesure de la valeur lambda dans un bruleur à combustion des fossiles, en particulier pour une installation de chauffage et/ou d'eau sanitaire Active EP3825610B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019131577.8A DE102019131577A1 (de) 2019-11-22 2019-11-22 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung des Lambda-Wertes in einem fossil befeuerten Brenner, insbesondere für eine Heizungs- und/oder Brauchwasseranlage

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EP3825610A1 true EP3825610A1 (fr) 2021-05-26
EP3825610C0 EP3825610C0 (fr) 2023-08-09
EP3825610B1 EP3825610B1 (fr) 2023-08-09

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EP20206622.1A Active EP3825610B1 (fr) 2019-11-22 2020-11-10 Procédé et dispositif de mesure de la valeur lambda dans un bruleur à combustion des fossiles, en particulier pour une installation de chauffage et/ou d'eau sanitaire

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EP (1) EP3825610B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102019131577A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2961359T3 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113446623A (zh) * 2021-06-15 2021-09-28 深圳市合信达控制***有限公司 燃烧状态检测的方法、装置、燃气装置及存储介质

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2466204B1 (fr) 2010-12-16 2013-11-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de réglage pour une installation de brûleur
EP3059496A1 (fr) * 2015-02-23 2016-08-24 Honeywell Technologies Sarl Agencement de mesure pour un brûleur à gaz, brûleur à gaz et procédé pour faire fonctionner le brûleur à gaz
EP3045816B1 (fr) 2015-01-19 2018-12-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de commande d'une installation de brûleur
DE102017118095A1 (de) * 2017-08-09 2019-02-14 Vaillant Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Zündung und Flammenerkennung für einen brenngasbetriebenen Brenner

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19839160B4 (de) * 1998-08-28 2004-12-23 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Schaltung zur Regelung eines Gasbrenners
EP3290802B1 (fr) * 2016-09-02 2022-01-19 Robert Bosch GmbH Procédé de détermination d'une date d'inspection dans un système de chauffage ainsi qu'unité de commande et système de chauffage

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2466204B1 (fr) 2010-12-16 2013-11-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de réglage pour une installation de brûleur
EP3045816B1 (fr) 2015-01-19 2018-12-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de commande d'une installation de brûleur
EP3059496A1 (fr) * 2015-02-23 2016-08-24 Honeywell Technologies Sarl Agencement de mesure pour un brûleur à gaz, brûleur à gaz et procédé pour faire fonctionner le brûleur à gaz
DE102017118095A1 (de) * 2017-08-09 2019-02-14 Vaillant Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Zündung und Flammenerkennung für einen brenngasbetriebenen Brenner

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113446623A (zh) * 2021-06-15 2021-09-28 深圳市合信达控制***有限公司 燃烧状态检测的方法、装置、燃气装置及存储介质

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Publication number Publication date
EP3825610C0 (fr) 2023-08-09
DE102019131577A1 (de) 2021-05-27
EP3825610B1 (fr) 2023-08-09
ES2961359T3 (es) 2024-03-11

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