EP3702045A1 - Printing head and corresponding operational method - Google Patents

Printing head and corresponding operational method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3702045A1
EP3702045A1 EP20170976.3A EP20170976A EP3702045A1 EP 3702045 A1 EP3702045 A1 EP 3702045A1 EP 20170976 A EP20170976 A EP 20170976A EP 3702045 A1 EP3702045 A1 EP 3702045A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
print head
agent
detergent
coil
coating agent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20170976.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3702045B1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Georg Fritz
Benjamin WÖHR
Marcus Kleiner
Moritz BUBEK
Timo Beyl
Frank Herre
Steffen Sotzny
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Duerr Systems AG
Original Assignee
Duerr Systems AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Duerr Systems AG filed Critical Duerr Systems AG
Publication of EP3702045A1 publication Critical patent/EP3702045A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3702045B1 publication Critical patent/EP3702045B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/14—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials or several in selected proportions to a spray apparatus, e.g. to a single spray outlet
    • B05B12/149—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials or several in selected proportions to a spray apparatus, e.g. to a single spray outlet characterised by colour change manifolds or valves therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/14—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials or several in selected proportions to a spray apparatus, e.g. to a single spray outlet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/30—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
    • B05B1/3033—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the control being effected by relative coaxial longitudinal movement of the controlling element and the spray head
    • B05B1/304—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the control being effected by relative coaxial longitudinal movement of the controlling element and the spray head the controlling element being a lift valve
    • B05B1/3046—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the control being effected by relative coaxial longitudinal movement of the controlling element and the spray head the controlling element being a lift valve the valve element, e.g. a needle, co-operating with a valve seat located downstream of the valve element and its actuating means, generally in the proximity of the outlet orifice
    • B05B1/3053—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the control being effected by relative coaxial longitudinal movement of the controlling element and the spray head the controlling element being a lift valve the valve element, e.g. a needle, co-operating with a valve seat located downstream of the valve element and its actuating means, generally in the proximity of the outlet orifice the actuating means being a solenoid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/04—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
    • B05B13/0447—Installation or apparatus for applying liquid or other fluent material to conveyed separate articles
    • B05B13/0452—Installation or apparatus for applying liquid or other fluent material to conveyed separate articles the conveyed articles being vehicle bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
    • B05B15/50—Arrangements for cleaning; Arrangements for preventing deposits, drying-out or blockage; Arrangements for detecting improper discharge caused by the presence of foreign matter
    • B05B15/55—Arrangements for cleaning; Arrangements for preventing deposits, drying-out or blockage; Arrangements for detecting improper discharge caused by the presence of foreign matter using cleaning fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
    • B05B15/50—Arrangements for cleaning; Arrangements for preventing deposits, drying-out or blockage; Arrangements for detecting improper discharge caused by the presence of foreign matter
    • B05B15/55—Arrangements for cleaning; Arrangements for preventing deposits, drying-out or blockage; Arrangements for detecting improper discharge caused by the presence of foreign matter using cleaning fluids
    • B05B15/555—Arrangements for cleaning; Arrangements for preventing deposits, drying-out or blockage; Arrangements for detecting improper discharge caused by the presence of foreign matter using cleaning fluids discharged by cleaning nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/165—Preventing or detecting of nozzle clogging, e.g. cleaning, capping or moistening for nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/17—Ink jet characterised by ink handling
    • B41J2/1707—Conditioning of the inside of ink supply circuits, e.g. flushing during start-up or shut-down
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/21—Ink jet for multi-colour printing
    • B41J2/2103—Features not dealing with the colouring process per se, e.g. construction of printers or heads, driving circuit adaptations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a print head for applying a coating agent to a component, in particular for painting a motor vehicle body component with a paint.
  • the invention further comprises an operating method for such a print head.
  • rotary atomizers are usually used as the application device, but they have the disadvantage of a limited application efficiency, i.e. only part of the applied paint is deposited on the components to be coated, while the rest of the applied paint has to be disposed of as so-called overspray.
  • print heads as application devices, as they are, for example DE 10 2013 002 412 A1 , US 9,108,424 B2 and DE 10 2010 019 612 A1 are known.
  • print heads do not emit a spray mist of the paint to be applied, but a spatially narrowly limited paint jet which is almost completely reflected on the component to be painted, so that almost no overspray occurs.
  • Such print heads have control valves to control the coating agent discharge, wherein Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of such a control valve arranged in a printhead.
  • nozzle opening 2 in a nozzle plate 1, which is either released or blocked by the control valve.
  • nozzle plate 1 in addition to the nozzle opening 2, there are further nozzle openings which are each controlled by a separate control valve, these further nozzle openings not being shown for the sake of simplicity.
  • the printhead contains a base plate 3 which delimits a coating agent supply 4, i. the paint to be painted is supplied via the coating agent feed 4 and can then exit through the nozzle opening 2 when the control valve is open.
  • a coil tube 5 is arranged on the top of the base plate 3 and a coil 6 is wound on the outside.
  • a magnetic coil core 7 which is arranged in a stationary manner and is sealed off from the coil tube 5 by a seal 8.
  • a magnetic armature 9 in the coil tube 5 which can also be referred to as a valve needle and, depending on the energization of the coil 6, can be displaced in the direction of the double arrow in order to either open or close the nozzle opening 2.
  • the armature 9 carries a seal 10 at its lower end in order to seal the nozzle opening 2 in the illustrated closed position so that no paint can escape from the nozzle opening 2.
  • control valve also has a return spring 11, which the armature 9 and thus also the seal 10 in the drawing pushes down into the closed position shown.
  • the coil 6 is energized in such a way that the armature 9 with the seal 10 is actively pulled upward in the drawing, namely against the spring force of the return spring 11.
  • the coil 6 is de-energized so that the return spring 11 can press the armature 9 and thus also the seal 10 in the drawing down into the illustrated closed position.
  • the disadvantage of this known control valve is the fact that the interior of the control valve and in particular an interior 12 of the coil tube 5 is exposed to the paint.
  • paint residues in the interior space 12 of the coil tube 5 can therefore impair the functionality of the control valve.
  • paint deposits in the control valve can impair the freedom of movement of the armature 9.
  • the paint residues in the interior 12 of the coil tube 5 also prevent a color change, since the control valve cannot be flushed during operation.
  • the control valve cannot be flushed during operation.
  • Another possibility for a color change is to rinse the print head with an extremely high amount of detergent of several liters and over a longer period of several minutes, which also prevents a color change during operation due to the required amount of detergent and the necessary rinsing time.
  • the known print heads described above therefore do not allow a color change during operation.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of creating a correspondingly improved print head and specifying a corresponding operating method.
  • the invention comprises the general technical teaching of technically designing the print head in such a way that a color change is made possible in the coating operation. This is achieved in that the printhead can be rinsed with a rinsing agent when there is a color change in order to rinse coating agent residues out of the printhead.
  • the print head according to the invention has a coating agent supply in order to supply the coating agent to be applied to the printing head.
  • the printhead according to the invention preferably also has a separate detergent feed to supply a detergent.
  • the coating agent feed is preferably separate from the flushing agent feed, so that the print head preferably has separate inlets for feeding the coating agent on the one hand and for feeding the flushing agent on the other hand.
  • a paint hose (coating agent supply) could be connected to the applicator (print head) for each color (Integrated Color Changer technology). Then there is a detergent connection and a pulse air connection in or on the applicator. These are then used for rinsing.
  • the print head according to the invention preferably also has a return in order to return the coating agent and / or flushing agent, specifically either into a ring line or into a disposal facility.
  • the print head according to the invention preferably also has a further separate connection in order to return the coating agent or rinsing agent.
  • the return flow into the return is preferably controlled by a controllable return valve which can be designed as a return valve operated by its own medium or also as a proportional valve.
  • a controllable return valve which can be designed as a return valve operated by its own medium or also as a proportional valve.
  • the print head has a plurality of nozzles in order to deliver the coating agent.
  • a control valve is preferably assigned to the individual nozzles in order to control the coating agent discharge through the respective nozzle.
  • the above-mentioned flushing agent supply then preferably has branch lines which lead to the individual control valves so that all control valves of the print head can be flushed with the flushing agent at the same time.
  • the individual branch lines of the detergent supply are preferably designed in such a way that the supplied detergent is evenly distributed to the branch lines to the control valves, so that the individual control valves are substantially rinsed with the same amount of detergent.
  • the print head has at least one nozzle for dispensing the coating agent and an associated control valve for controlling the coating agent discharge through the nozzle, as has already been briefly explained above.
  • the control valve can have an electric coil which can be wound onto a coil tube. It was already explained at the beginning of the prior art that coating agent residues can be deposited in this coil tube, which on the one hand impair the functionality of the control valve and on the other hand prevent the ability to change colors.
  • the flushing agent feed line therefore preferably opens into the coil tube in order to flush the interior of the coil tube.
  • the coil tube - as in the case of the conventional control valve described at the beginning - preferably has a circular inner cross-section and contains a coil core. It can be advantageous here if the coil core has a profile cross-section that does not completely fill the inner cross-section of the coil tube in order to leave space for the detergent between the coil tube and the coil core so that the detergent can flow through in the axial direction.
  • the coil core can have a star-shaped profile cross-section for this purpose with radially protruding ribs running in the axial direction, so that the flushing agent can flow in the axial direction between the ribs of the coil core.
  • the coil core has a flushing groove in its outer surface, which can run axially, in the circumferential direction or in a spiral shape, for example.
  • axially extending scavenging channels can also be arranged in the coil core.
  • Another example provides that the profile cross-section of the coil core is lattice-shaped and the flushing agent can flow through it.
  • the coil core is preferably sealed off from the coil tube with a seal, in particular with a pressure resistance of more than 2 bar, 4 bar or 6 bar.
  • the print head can have several control valves which can all be flushed.
  • the individual control valves generally each have a coil tube, the flushing agent feed then opening into all of the coil tubes in order to be able to flush all of the coil tubes.
  • control valve generally - as in the case of the known control valve described at the outset - has a displaceable armature which is displaced as a function of the energization of the coil and, as a function of its position, closes or releases the nozzle.
  • This armature preferably runs coaxially over part of its length in the coil tube and preferably has an axially permeable profile cross section so that flushing agent can flow between the armature and the inner wall of the coil tube.
  • the armature preferably has a non-circular profile cross-section which does not completely fill the circular inner cross-section of the coil tube and therefore allows an axial flow of flushing agent.
  • the profile cross-section of the armature can be star-shaped or cross-shaped.
  • the flushing agent feed opens into the coil tube in the axial direction between the armature and the coil core.
  • the flushing agent feed opens into the coil tube in the axial direction in the region of the coil core, in particular at the end of the nozzle tube facing away from the movable armature.
  • the movable armature is arranged in a detergent-permeable guide cage, in particular in a slotted cylinder. This offers the advantage that the movable armature can be flushed during a flushing process, as a result of which coating agent deposits on the armature are avoided.
  • the displaceable armature has a central guide bore, with a guide pin protruding into the guide bore. This creates a linear guide that can, however, also be flushed.
  • a flexible membrane which separates the control valve from the coating agent feed, so that the control valve is protected from contact with a coating agent by the membrane.
  • the control valve itself does not have to be rinsed at all, since the control valve itself does not come into contact with the respective coating agent at all. Rather, only the smooth surface of the membrane on the coating agent side should be rinsed, but this can be done very easily and efficiently, since the smooth membrane surface hardly forms any starting points for paint deposits.
  • the print head according to the invention preferably enables a quick color change within a color change duration of less than 1 hour, 20 minutes, 10 minutes, 30 seconds, 10 seconds or even less than 5 seconds.
  • the lowest possible color change losses are aimed for, which in the print head according to the invention are preferably less than 5l, 2l, 200ml, 20ml, 10ml, 5ml or even less than 2ml.
  • the consumption of detergent preferably being less than 10l, 5l, 2l, 200ml, 100ml, 50ml, 20ml or even less than 10ml.
  • the print head has several separate rinsing agent feeds in order to supply different rinsing agents, which can be adapted to the respective coating agent, for example.
  • the print head with its media-carrying parts is preferably constructed in such a way that the media-carrying parts are free of dead spaces and / or free of undercuts in order to improve flushability.
  • the print head is provided with a cleaning-promoting coating on its surfaces that come into contact with the coating agent, such a coating also being known as an "easy-to-clean coating".
  • the coating device according to the invention preferably also comprises a color changer, such as a linear color changer, a rotary color changer, a color changer integrated in the print head or an A / B color changer.
  • a color changer such as a linear color changer, a rotary color changer, a color changer integrated in the print head or an A / B color changer.
  • the invention also includes a corresponding operating method for such a print head, the individual process steps already result from the above description and therefore do not have to be described in more detail.
  • the detergent can be a universal detergent that is suitable for both water-based paints and solvent-based paints.
  • the detergent can be a VOC-free (VOC: volatile organic compounds) detergent.
  • the print head can be flushed with the flushing agent or alternately with pulsed air.
  • a solvent-based paint is first supplied and applied.
  • the printhead is then rinsed with a solvent-based rinsing agent in order to rinse off residues of the solvent-based paint.
  • a release agent can then be added, for example alcohol.
  • a water-based varnish is added and applied.
  • the printhead is then rinsed with a water-based washing-up liquid to rinse off any residues of the water-based paint.
  • the print head is preferably pressed on with the new coating agent, i. E. filled.
  • a defined amount of lacquer is preferably also applied through the nozzle of the print head.
  • the rinsing agent can be discharged one after the other or alternately into the return or through the nozzle.
  • rinsing with a mixture of detergent and pulsed air.
  • FIG Figure 2 the schematic representation of a control valve according to the invention is shown in FIG Figure 2 described, wherein the control valve is arranged in a print head.
  • This embodiment of a control valve according to the invention partially corresponds to the conventional control valve described at the beginning and shown in FIG. 1, see above that, to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, the same reference symbols being used for corresponding details.
  • a special feature of this exemplary embodiment is that the control valve has a flushing agent feed 13 which opens into the interior 12 of the coil tube 5. Rinsing agent can therefore be supplied via this rinsing agent feed 13 in order to rinse the control valve with a rinsing agent when there is a color change. This enables a color change during operation within a short time.
  • control valve in this embodiment has a special design of the seal 8 between the coil core 7 and the coil tube 5, the seal 8 enabling a pressure resistance of more than 2 bar.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a further exemplary embodiment of a control valve according to the invention in a print head, this exemplary embodiment partially corresponding to the exemplary embodiment described above, so that reference is made to the preceding description to avoid repetition, the same reference numerals being used for corresponding details.
  • a special feature of this exemplary embodiment is that the displaceable armature 9 can flow freely around the flushing agent, so that the flushing agent can also flush the interior 12 of the coil tube 5.
  • the armature 9 has a cruciform profile cross-section with axially extending ribs, so that the flushing agent can flow between the ribs of the armature 9 in the axial direction into the interior 12 of the coil tube 5.
  • the detergent is not used here - as with Figure 2 - Supplied via the detergent feed 13, but Via the coating agent feed 4, which is therefore used alternately to feed the coating agent and to feed the rinsing agent.
  • the coil core 7 is sealed off from the interior space 12 by the seal 8.
  • Figure 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment, which also largely corresponds to the exemplary embodiment described above, so that, in order to avoid repetition, reference is made to the preceding description, the same reference symbols being used for corresponding details.
  • a special feature of this exemplary embodiment is that the displaceable armature 9 is arranged in a flushable guide cage 14, which consists of a slotted cylinder so that the interior of the guide cage 14 can be flushed.
  • the seal 8 seals the interior of the coil tube 5 from the area carrying the media.
  • FIG. 5 shows yet another embodiment, so that again to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, the same reference symbols being used for corresponding details.
  • the armature 9 has a guide bore 15 in the center, into which a guide pin 16 engages, the fit of the guide bore 15 and the guide pin 16 also being accessible for detergent.
  • seal 8 seals the annular gap between the coil tube 5 and the coil core 7.
  • a special feature of this exemplary embodiment is that the detergent feed 13 does not open into the interior 12 of the coil tube between the coil core 7 and the armature 9. Rather, the detergent feed 13 opens into the coil tube at the upper end of the coil tube 5.
  • FIG. 7 shows a further modification of a flushable control valve which for this purpose provides a flexible membrane 17 which separates the control valve from the media-carrying parts in the coating agent feed 4.
  • the control valve itself does not have to be rinsed with detergent because the control valve itself does not come into contact with the respective paint. Rather, only the membrane 17 is touched by the respective lacquer on its coating agent side, so that only this side of the membrane 17 has to be rinsed, which is easily possible by supplying rinsing agent via the coating agent feed.
  • Figure 8 shows a greatly simplified schematic representation of a coating device according to the invention with a coating agent feed 18, a color changer 19, a print head 20 according to the invention, a return valve 21 and a return 22.
  • the color changer 19 can supply different colored coating agents to the print head 20, wherein the print head 20 can optionally be rinsed with rinsing agent via a rinsing agent supply (not shown) or via the coating agent supply 18.
  • Residues of coating agent and rinsing agent that accumulate during a rinsing process can then be discharged into return line 22.
  • Figure 9 a schematic representation of a print head according to the invention with several control valves 23.1, 23.4, which are supplied with coating agent via a common coating agent feed 24 with several branch lines 25.
  • the coating device also has a common flushing agent feed 26, which is connected to the individual control valves 23.1-23.4 via a branch line 27, so that all control valves 23.1-23.4 of the print head can be flushed with flushing agent.
  • the invention is not restricted to the preferred exemplary embodiments described above. Rather, a large number of variants and modifications are possible which also make use of the inventive concept and therefore fall within the scope of protection.
  • the invention also claims protection for the subject matter and the features of the subclaims independently of the claims referred to in each case and in particular also without the features of the main claim.
  • the invention thus comprises various aspects of the invention that are protected independently of one another.
  • the invention also includes variants in which the control valve does not have a coil with a coil tube, an armature and a coil core.
  • the invention also includes variants in which the detergent supply does not open into the coil tube.

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Druckkopf zur Applikation eines Beschichtungsmittels auf ein Bauteil, insbesondere zur Lackierung eines Kraftfahrzeugkarosseriebauteils mit einem Lack. Die Erfindung sieht vor, dass der Druckkopf so konstruiert ist, dass er im Beschichtungsbetrieb einen Farbwechsel ermöglicht und bei einem Farbwechsel mit einem Spülmittel spülbar ist, um Beschichtungsmittelreste aus dem Druckkopf herauszuspülen.The invention relates to a print head for applying a coating agent to a component, in particular for painting a motor vehicle body component with a paint. The invention provides that the print head is constructed in such a way that it enables a color change in the coating operation and can be flushed with a rinsing agent during a color change in order to rinse coating agent residues out of the print head.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Druckkopf zur Applikation eines Beschichtungsmittels auf ein Bauteil, insbesondere zur Lackierung eines Kraftfahrzeugkarosseriebauteils mit einem Lack. Weiterhin umfasst die Erfindung ein Betriebsverfahren für einen solchen Druckkopf.The invention relates to a print head for applying a coating agent to a component, in particular for painting a motor vehicle body component with a paint. The invention further comprises an operating method for such a print head.

Zur Serienlackierung von Kraftfahrzeugkarosseriebauteilen werden als Applikationsgerät üblicherweise Rotationszerstäuber eingesetzt, die jedoch den Nachteil eines beschränkten Auftragswirkungsgrades haben, d.h. nur ein Teil des applizierten Lacks lagert sich auf den zu beschichtenden Bauteilen ab, während der Rest des applizierten Lacks als sogenannter Overspray entsorgt werden muss.For the serial painting of motor vehicle body parts, rotary atomizers are usually used as the application device, but they have the disadvantage of a limited application efficiency, i.e. only part of the applied paint is deposited on the components to be coated, while the rest of the applied paint has to be disposed of as so-called overspray.

Eine neuere Entwicklungslinie sieht dagegen als Applikationsgerät sogenannte Druckköpfe vor, wie sie beispielsweise aus DE 10 2013 002 412 A1 , US 9,108,424 B2 und DE 10 2010 019 612 A1 bekannt sind. Derartige Druckköpfe geben im Gegensatz zu den bekannten Rotationszerstäubern keinen Sprühnebel des zu applizierenden Lacks ab, sondern einen räumlich eng begrenzten Lackstrahl, der sich nahezu vollständig auf dem zu lackierten Bauteil niederschlägt, so dass nahezu kein Overspray entsteht.A more recent development line, however, provides so-called print heads as application devices, as they are, for example DE 10 2013 002 412 A1 , US 9,108,424 B2 and DE 10 2010 019 612 A1 are known. In contrast to the known rotary atomizers, such print heads do not emit a spray mist of the paint to be applied, but a spatially narrowly limited paint jet which is almost completely reflected on the component to be painted, so that almost no overspray occurs.

Derartige Druckköpfe weisen zur Steuerung der Beschichtungsmittelabgabe Steuerventile auf, wobei Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines solchen Steuerventils zeigt, das in einem Druckkopf angeordnet ist.Such print heads have control valves to control the coating agent discharge, wherein Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of such a control valve arranged in a printhead.

Hierbei befindet sich in einer Düsenplatte 1 eine Düsenöffnung 2, die von dem Steuerventil entweder freigegeben oder versperrt wird. In der Düsenplatte 1 befinden sich neben der Düsenöffnung 2 weitere Düsenöffnungen, die jeweils von einem separaten Steuerventil gesteuert werden, wobei diese weiteren Düsenöffnungen zur Vereinfachung nicht dargestellt sind.There is a nozzle opening 2 in a nozzle plate 1, which is either released or blocked by the control valve. In the nozzle plate 1, in addition to the nozzle opening 2, there are further nozzle openings which are each controlled by a separate control valve, these further nozzle openings not being shown for the sake of simplicity.

Weiterhin enthält der Druckkopf eine Basisplatte 3, die eine Beschichtungsmittelzuführung 4 begrenzt, d.h. der zu lackierende Lack wird über die Beschichtungsmittelzuführung 4 zugeführt und kann dann bei geöffnetem Steuerventil durch die Düsenöffnung 2 austreten.Furthermore, the printhead contains a base plate 3 which delimits a coating agent supply 4, i. the paint to be painted is supplied via the coating agent feed 4 and can then exit through the nozzle opening 2 when the control valve is open.

An der Oberseite der Basisplatte 3 ist ein Spulenrohr 5 angeordnet, das außen mit einer Spule 6 bewickelt ist.A coil tube 5 is arranged on the top of the base plate 3 and a coil 6 is wound on the outside.

In dem Spulenrohr 5 befindet sich ein magnetischer Spulenkern 7, der ortsfest angeordnet und gegenüber dem Spulenrohr 5 durch eine Dichtung 8 abgedichtet ist.In the coil tube 5 there is a magnetic coil core 7, which is arranged in a stationary manner and is sealed off from the coil tube 5 by a seal 8.

Darüber hinaus befindet sich in dem Spulenrohr 5 ein magnetischer Anker 9, der auch als Ventilnadel bezeichnet werden kann und in Abhängigkeit von der Bestromung der Spule 6 in Richtung des Doppelpfeils verschiebbar ist, um die Düsenöffnung 2 entweder freizugeben oder zu verschließen.In addition, there is a magnetic armature 9 in the coil tube 5, which can also be referred to as a valve needle and, depending on the energization of the coil 6, can be displaced in the direction of the double arrow in order to either open or close the nozzle opening 2.

Der Anker 9 trägt an seinem unteren Ende eine Dichtung 10, um die Düsenöffnung 2 in der dargestellten Schließstellung abzudichten, damit kein Lack aus der Düsenöffnung 2 austreten kann.The armature 9 carries a seal 10 at its lower end in order to seal the nozzle opening 2 in the illustrated closed position so that no paint can escape from the nozzle opening 2.

Darüber hinaus weist das Steuerventil noch eine Rückstellfeder 11 auf, welche den Anker 9 und damit auch die Dichtung 10 in der Zeichnung nach unten in die dargestellte Schließstellung drückt.In addition, the control valve also has a return spring 11, which the armature 9 and thus also the seal 10 in the drawing pushes down into the closed position shown.

Zum Öffnen des Steuerventils wird die Spule 6 also so bestromt, dass der Anker 9 mit der Dichtung 10 in der Zeichnung aktiv nach oben gezogen wird und zwar entgegen der Federkraft der Rückstellfeder 11.To open the control valve, the coil 6 is energized in such a way that the armature 9 with the seal 10 is actively pulled upward in the drawing, namely against the spring force of the return spring 11.

Zum Schließen des Steuerventils wird die Spule 6 dagegen stromlos geschaltet, so dass die Rückstellfeder 11 den Anker 9 und damit auch die Dichtung 10 in der Zeichnung nach unten in die dargestellte Schließstellung drücken kann.To close the control valve, on the other hand, the coil 6 is de-energized so that the return spring 11 can press the armature 9 and thus also the seal 10 in the drawing down into the illustrated closed position.

Nachteilig an diesem bekannten Steuerventil ist die Tatsache, dass das Innere des Steuerventils und insbesondere ein Innenraum 12 des Spulenrohrs 5 dem Lack ausgesetzt ist.The disadvantage of this known control valve is the fact that the interior of the control valve and in particular an interior 12 of the coil tube 5 is exposed to the paint.

Zum einen können deshalb Lackreste in dem Innenraum 12 des Spulenrohrs 5 die Funktionsfähigkeit des Steuerventils beeinträchtigen. Beispielsweise können Lackablagerungen in dem Steuerventil die Freigängigkeit des Ankers 9 beeinträchtigen.On the one hand, paint residues in the interior space 12 of the coil tube 5 can therefore impair the functionality of the control valve. For example, paint deposits in the control valve can impair the freedom of movement of the armature 9.

Zum anderen verhindern die Lackreste in dem Innenraum 12 des Spulenrohrs 5 aber auch einen Farbwechsel, da das Steuerventil im Betrieb nicht gespült werden kann. Zwar besteht bei den bekannten Druckköpfen mit derartigen Steuerventilen auch die Möglichkeit, einen andersfarbigen Lack zu applizieren.On the other hand, the paint residues in the interior 12 of the coil tube 5 also prevent a color change, since the control valve cannot be flushed during operation. In the known print heads with control valves of this type, there is also the possibility of applying a varnish of a different color.

Eine Möglichkeit hierzu besteht darin, das Steuerventil auszubauen, zu zerlegen, zu reinigen und wieder zusammenzubauen, was jedoch eine Zeitdauer von 1-2 Stunden benötigt und deshalb einen Farbwechsel im laufenden Betrieb verhindert.One possibility for this is to dismantle, disassemble, clean and reassemble the control valve, which, however, requires a period of 1-2 hours and therefore prevents a color change during operation.

Eine andere Möglichkeit für einen Farbwechsel besteht darin, den Druckkopf mit einer extrem hohen Spülmittelmenge von mehreren Litern und über einen längeren Zeitraum von mehreren Minuten zu spülen, was wegen der erforderlichen Spülmittelmenge und der erforderlichen Spüldauer ebenfalls einen Farbwechsel im laufenden Betrieb verhindert.Another possibility for a color change is to rinse the print head with an extremely high amount of detergent of several liters and over a longer period of several minutes, which also prevents a color change during operation due to the required amount of detergent and the necessary rinsing time.

Schließlich besteht noch die Möglichkeit, das Steuerventil bzw. den kompletten Druckkopf auszutauschen, was jedoch ebenfalls im laufenden Betrieb nicht möglich ist und deshalb einen Farbwechsel verhindert.Finally, there is also the possibility of replacing the control valve or the complete print head, which, however, is also not possible during operation and therefore prevents a color change.

Die vorstehend beschriebenen bekannten Druckköpfe ermöglichen deshalb im laufenden Betrieb keinen Farbwechsel.The known print heads described above therefore do not allow a color change during operation.

Zum technischen Hintergrund der Erfindung ist auch hinzuweisen auf DE 696 22 407 T2 und DE 36 34 747 A1 .Reference should also be made to the technical background of the invention DE 696 22 407 T2 and DE 36 34 747 A1 .

Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen entsprechend verbesserten Druckkopf zu schaffen und ein entsprechendes Betriebsverfahren anzugeben.The invention is therefore based on the object of creating a correspondingly improved print head and specifying a corresponding operating method.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch den erfindungsgemäßen Druckkopf bzw. das erfindungsgemäße Betriebsverfahren gemäß den unabhängigen Ansprüchen gelöst.This object is achieved by the print head according to the invention and the operating method according to the invention according to the independent claims.

Die Erfindung umfasst die allgemeine technische Lehre, den Druckkopf technisch so zu gestalten, dass im Beschichtungsbetrieb ein Farbwechsel ermöglicht wird. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass der Druckkopf bei einem Farbwechsel mit einem Spülmittel spülbar ist, um Beschichtungsmittelreste aus dem Druckkopf herauszuspülen.The invention comprises the general technical teaching of technically designing the print head in such a way that a color change is made possible in the coating operation. This is achieved in that the printhead can be rinsed with a rinsing agent when there is a color change in order to rinse coating agent residues out of the printhead.

Der erfindungsgemäße Druckkopf weist in Übereinstimmung mit dem Stand der Technik eine Beschichtungsmittelzuführung auf, um das zu applizierende Beschichtungsmittel dem Druckkopf zuzuführen. Darüber hinaus weist der erfindungsgemäße Druckkopf vorzugsweise auch eine separate Spülmittelzuführung auf, um ein Spülmittel zuzuführen. Hierbei ist zu erwähnen, dass die Beschichtungsmittelzuführung vorzugsweise von der Spülmittelzuführung getrennt ist, so dass der Druckkopf für die Zuführung des Beschichtungsmittels einerseits und für die Zuführung des Spülmittels andererseits vorzugsweise getrennte Einlässe aufweist.In accordance with the prior art, the print head according to the invention has a coating agent supply in order to supply the coating agent to be applied to the printing head. In addition, the printhead according to the invention preferably also has a separate detergent feed to supply a detergent. It should be mentioned here that the coating agent feed is preferably separate from the flushing agent feed, so that the print head preferably has separate inlets for feeding the coating agent on the one hand and for feeding the flushing agent on the other hand.

Bei wenigen Farben könnte ein Farbschlauch (Beschichtungsmittelzuführung) pro Farbe am Applikator (Druckkopf) angeschlossen sein (Integrated Color Changer Technik). Dann gibt es im oder am Applikator einen Spülmittelanschluss und einen Pulsluftanschluss. Diese werden dann zum Spülen benutzt.In the case of a few colors, a paint hose (coating agent supply) could be connected to the applicator (print head) for each color (Integrated Color Changer technology). Then there is a detergent connection and a pulse air connection in or on the applicator. These are then used for rinsing.

Darüber hinaus weist der erfindungsgemäße Druckkopf vorzugsweise auch eine Rückführung auf, um Beschichtungsmittel und/oder Spülmittel zurückzuführen und zwar wahlweise in eine Ringleitung oder in eine Entsorgung. Der erfindungsgemäße Druckkopf weist also neben den getrennten Anschlüssen für die Zuführung des Beschichtungsmittels und des Spülmittels vorzugsweise auch einen weiteren getrennten Anschluss auf, um Beschichtungsmittel bzw. Spülmittel zurückzuführen.In addition, the print head according to the invention preferably also has a return in order to return the coating agent and / or flushing agent, specifically either into a ring line or into a disposal facility. In addition to the separate connections for the supply of the coating agent and the rinsing agent, the print head according to the invention preferably also has a further separate connection in order to return the coating agent or rinsing agent.

Der Rückführstrom in die Rückführung wird hierbei vorzugsweise durch ein steuerbares Rückführventil gesteuert, das als eigenmediumbetätigtes Rückführventil oder auch als Proportionalventil ausgeführt sein kann. Derartige Ventiltypen sind an sich aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt und müssen deshalb nicht näher beschrieben werden.The return flow into the return is preferably controlled by a controllable return valve which can be designed as a return valve operated by its own medium or also as a proportional valve. Such types of valves are known per se from the prior art and therefore do not need to be described in more detail.

In einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung weist der Druckkopf mehrere Düsen auf, um das Beschichtungsmittel abzugeben. Den einzelnen Düsen ist hierbei vorzugsweise jeweils ein Steuerventil zugeordnet, um die Beschichtungsmittelabgabe durch die jeweilige Düse zu steuern. Die vorstehend erwähnte Spülmittelzuführung weist dann vorzugsweise Zweigleitungen auf, die zu den einzelnen Steuerventilen führen, so dass alle Steuerventile des Druckkopfs gleichzeitig mit dem Spülmittel gespült werden können.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the print head has a plurality of nozzles in order to deliver the coating agent. A control valve is preferably assigned to the individual nozzles in order to control the coating agent discharge through the respective nozzle. The above-mentioned flushing agent supply then preferably has branch lines which lead to the individual control valves so that all control valves of the print head can be flushed with the flushing agent at the same time.

Vorzugsweise sind die einzelnen Zweigleitungen der Spülmittelzuführung so ausgelegt, dass das zugeführte Spülmittel gleichmäßig auf die Zweigleitungen zu den Steuerventilen verteilt wird, so dass die einzelnen Steuerventile im Wesentlichen mit der gleichen Spülmittelmenge gespült werden.The individual branch lines of the detergent supply are preferably designed in such a way that the supplied detergent is evenly distributed to the branch lines to the control valves, so that the individual control valves are substantially rinsed with the same amount of detergent.

In dem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung weist der Druckkopf mindestens eine Düse zur Abgabe des Beschichtungsmittels und ein zugehöriges Steuerventil zur Steuerung der Beschichtungsmittelabgabe durch die Düse auf, wie bereits vorstehend kurz erläutert wurde. Das Steuerventil kann hierbei wie bei der eingangs beschriebenen bekannten Konstruktion eine elektrische Spule aufweisen, die auf ein Spulenrohr aufgewickelt sein kann. Es wurde bereits eingangs zum Stand der Technik erläutert, dass sich in diesem Spulenrohr Beschichtungsmittelreste ablagern können, was zum einen die Funktionsfähigkeit des Steuerventils beeinträchtigen und zum anderen die Farbwechselfähigkeit verhindern kann. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Druckkopf mündet die Spülmittelzuleitung deshalb vorzugsweise in das Spulenrohr, um das Innere des Spulenrohrs zu spülen.In the preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, the print head has at least one nozzle for dispensing the coating agent and an associated control valve for controlling the coating agent discharge through the nozzle, as has already been briefly explained above. As in the known construction described at the outset, the control valve can have an electric coil which can be wound onto a coil tube. It was already explained at the beginning of the prior art that coating agent residues can be deposited in this coil tube, which on the one hand impair the functionality of the control valve and on the other hand prevent the ability to change colors. In the printhead according to the invention, the flushing agent feed line therefore preferably opens into the coil tube in order to flush the interior of the coil tube.

Hierbei ist zu erwähnen, dass das Spulenrohr - wie bei dem eingangs beschriebenen herkömmlichen Steuerventil - vorzugsweise einen kreisförmigen Innenquerschnitt aufweist und einen Spulenkern enthält. Hierbei kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn der Spulenkern einen Profilquerschnitt aufweist, der den Innenquerschnitt des Spulenrohrs nicht vollständig ausfüllt, um zwischen dem Spulenrohr und dem Spulenkern Platz zu lassen für das Spülmittel, damit das Spülmittel in axialer Richtung durchströmen kann. Beispielsweise kann der Spulenkern hierzu einen sternförmigen Profilquerschnitt aufweisen mit radial abstehenden und in axialer Richtung verlaufenden Rippen, so dass das Spülmittel zwischen den Rippen des Spulenkerns in axialer Richtung strömen kann.It should be mentioned here that the coil tube - as in the case of the conventional control valve described at the beginning - preferably has a circular inner cross-section and contains a coil core. It can be advantageous here if the coil core has a profile cross-section that does not completely fill the inner cross-section of the coil tube in order to leave space for the detergent between the coil tube and the coil core so that the detergent can flow through in the axial direction. For example, the coil core can have a star-shaped profile cross-section for this purpose with radially protruding ribs running in the axial direction, so that the flushing agent can flow in the axial direction between the ribs of the coil core.

Alternativ besteht die Möglichkeit, dass der Spulenkern in seiner Mantelfläche eine Spülnut aufweist, die beispielsweise axial, in Umfangsrichtung oder spiralförmig verlaufen kann.Alternatively, there is the possibility that the coil core has a flushing groove in its outer surface, which can run axially, in the circumferential direction or in a spiral shape, for example.

Ferner können in dem Spulenkern aber auch axial verlaufende Spülkanäle angeordnet sein.Furthermore, axially extending scavenging channels can also be arranged in the coil core.

Ein weiteres Beispiel sieht vor, dass der Profilquerschnitt des Spulenkerns gitterförmig ist und von dem Spülmittel durchströmt werden kann.Another example provides that the profile cross-section of the coil core is lattice-shaped and the flushing agent can flow through it.

Weiterhin ist zu erwähnen, dass der Spulenkern vorzugsweise gegenüber dem Spulenrohr mit einer Dichtung abgedichtet ist, insbesondere mit einer Druckfestigkeit von mehr als 2bar, 4bar oder 6bar.It should also be mentioned that the coil core is preferably sealed off from the coil tube with a seal, in particular with a pressure resistance of more than 2 bar, 4 bar or 6 bar.

Es wurde bereits vorstehend kurz erwähnt, dass der Druckkopf mehrere Steuerventile aufweisen kann, die alle gespült werden können. Dabei weisen die einzelnen Steuerventile in der Regel jeweils ein Spulenrohr auf, wobei die Spülmittelzuführung dann in sämtliche Spulenrohre mündet, um alle Spulenrohre spülen zu können.It has already been briefly mentioned above that the print head can have several control valves which can all be flushed. The individual control valves generally each have a coil tube, the flushing agent feed then opening into all of the coil tubes in order to be able to flush all of the coil tubes.

Ferner ist zu erwähnen, dass das Steuerventil in der Regel - wie bei dem eingangs beschriebenen bekannten Steuerventil - einen verschiebbaren Anker aufweist, der in Abhängigkeit von der Bestromung der Spule verschoben wird und in Abhängigkeit von seiner Stellung die Düse verschließt oder freigibt.It should also be mentioned that the control valve generally - as in the case of the known control valve described at the outset - has a displaceable armature which is displaced as a function of the energization of the coil and, as a function of its position, closes or releases the nozzle.

Dieser Anker verläuft vorzugsweise auf einem Teil seiner Länge koaxial in dem Spulenrohr und weist vorzugsweise einen axial durchlässigen Profilquerschnitt auf, damit Spülmittel zwischen dem Anker und der Innenwand des Spulenrohrs strömen kann. Hierzu weist der Anker vorzugsweise einen nichtkreisförmigen Profilquerschnitt auf, der den kreisförmigen Innenquerschnitt des Spulenrohrs nicht vollständig ausfüllt und deshalb eine axiale Spülmittelströmung erlaubt. Beispielsweise kann der Profilquerschnitt des Ankers sternförmig oder kreuzförmig sein.This armature preferably runs coaxially over part of its length in the coil tube and preferably has an axially permeable profile cross section so that flushing agent can flow between the armature and the inner wall of the coil tube. For this purpose, the armature preferably has a non-circular profile cross-section which does not completely fill the circular inner cross-section of the coil tube and therefore allows an axial flow of flushing agent. For example, the profile cross-section of the armature can be star-shaped or cross-shaped.

In einer Variante der Erfindung mündet die Spülmittelzuführung in axialer Richtung zwischen dem Anker und dem Spulenkern in das Spulenrohr.In one variant of the invention, the flushing agent feed opens into the coil tube in the axial direction between the armature and the coil core.

In einer anderen Variante der Erfindung mündet die Spülmittelzuführung dagegen in axialer Richtung im Bereich des Spulenkerns in das Spulenrohr, insbesondere an dem dem beweglichen Anker abgewandten Ende des Düsenrohrs.In another variant of the invention, on the other hand, the flushing agent feed opens into the coil tube in the axial direction in the region of the coil core, in particular at the end of the nozzle tube facing away from the movable armature.

In einer anderen Variante der Erfindung ist der bewegliche Anker in einem spülmitteldurchlässigen Führungskäfig angeordnet, insbesondere in einem geschlitzten Zylinder. Dies bietet den Vorteil, dass der bewegliche Anker bei einem Spülvorgang gespült werden kann, wodurch Beschichtungsmittelablagerungen an dem Anker vermieden werden.In another variant of the invention, the movable armature is arranged in a detergent-permeable guide cage, in particular in a slotted cylinder. This offers the advantage that the movable armature can be flushed during a flushing process, as a result of which coating agent deposits on the armature are avoided.

In einer anderen Variante der Erfindung weist der verschiebbare Anker eine mittige Führungsbohrung auf, wobei ein Führungsstift in die Führungsbohrung hineinragt. Dadurch wird eine Linearführung bewirkt, die jedoch ebenfalls gespült werden kann.In another variant of the invention, the displaceable armature has a central guide bore, with a guide pin protruding into the guide bore. This creates a linear guide that can, however, also be flushed.

In einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist eine flexible Membran vorgesehen, die das Steuerventil von der Beschichtungsmittelzuführung trennt, so dass das Steuerventil durch die Membran vor einem Kontakt mit einem Beschichtungsmittel geschützt wird. Hierbei muss das Steuerventil selbst also überhaupt nicht gespült werden, da das Steuerventil selbst überhaupt nicht in Kontakt mit dem jeweiligen Beschichtungsmittel kommt. Vielmehr soll nur die glatte Beschichtungsmittelseitige Oberfläche der Membran gespült werden, was jedoch sehr einfach und effizient möglich ist, da die glatte Membranoberfläche kaum Ansatzpunkte für Lackablagerungen bildet.In another exemplary embodiment of the invention, a flexible membrane is provided which separates the control valve from the coating agent feed, so that the control valve is protected from contact with a coating agent by the membrane. In this case, the control valve itself does not have to be rinsed at all, since the control valve itself does not come into contact with the respective coating agent at all. Rather, only the smooth surface of the membrane on the coating agent side should be rinsed, but this can be done very easily and efficiently, since the smooth membrane surface hardly forms any starting points for paint deposits.

Der erfindungsgemäße Druckkopf ermöglicht vorzugsweise einen schnellen Farbwechsel innerhalb einer Farbwechseldauer von weniger als 1h, 20min, 10min, 30s, 10s oder sogar weniger als 5s.The print head according to the invention preferably enables a quick color change within a color change duration of less than 1 hour, 20 minutes, 10 minutes, 30 seconds, 10 seconds or even less than 5 seconds.

Hierbei werden auch möglichst geringe Farbwechselverluste angestrebt, die bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Druckkopf vorzugsweise kleiner sind als 5l, 2l, 200ml, 20ml, 10ml, 5ml oder sogar kleiner als 2ml.In this case, the lowest possible color change losses are aimed for, which in the print head according to the invention are preferably less than 5l, 2l, 200ml, 20ml, 10ml, 5ml or even less than 2ml.

Dies führt auch vorteilhaft zu einem sehr geringeren Spülmittelverbrauch bei einem Farbwechsel, wobei der Spülmittelverbrauch vorzugsweise kleiner ist als 10l, 5l, 2l, 200ml, 100ml, 50ml, 20ml oder sogar kleiner als 10ml.This also advantageously leads to a very lower consumption of detergent when there is a color change, the consumption of detergent preferably being less than 10l, 5l, 2l, 200ml, 100ml, 50ml, 20ml or even less than 10ml.

Ferner besteht im Rahmen der Erfindung auch die Möglichkeit, dass der Druckkopf mehrere getrennte Spülmittelzuführungen aufweist, um verschiedene Spülmittel zuzuführen, die beispielsweise an das jeweilige Beschichtungsmittel angepasst sein können.Furthermore, within the scope of the invention there is also the possibility that the print head has several separate rinsing agent feeds in order to supply different rinsing agents, which can be adapted to the respective coating agent, for example.

Darüber hinaus ist zu erwähnen, dass der Druckkopf mit seinen medienführenden Teilen vorzugsweise so konstruiert ist, dass die medienführenden Teile totraumfrei und/oder hinterschneidungsfrei sind, um die Spülbarkeit zu verbessern.It should also be mentioned that the print head with its media-carrying parts is preferably constructed in such a way that the media-carrying parts are free of dead spaces and / or free of undercuts in order to improve flushability.

Zur Verbesserung der Spülbarkeit besteht auch die Möglichkeit, dass der Druckkopf an seinen Oberflächen, die mit dem Beschichtungsmittel in Kontakt kommen, mit einer reinigungsfördernden Beschichtung versehen ist, wobei eine solche Beschichtung auch als "Easy-to-clean-Beschichtung" bekannt ist.To improve the flushability, there is also the possibility that the print head is provided with a cleaning-promoting coating on its surfaces that come into contact with the coating agent, such a coating also being known as an "easy-to-clean coating".

Darüber hinaus ist zu bemerken, dass die Erfindung nicht nur Schutz beansprucht für den vorstehend beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Druckkopf als einzelnes Bauteil bzw. als Austauschteil. Vielmehr beansprucht die Erfindung auch Schutz für eine komplette Beschichtungseinrichtung mit einem solchen Druckkopf.In addition, it should be noted that the invention not only claims protection for the above-described printhead according to the invention as a single component or as a replacement part. Rather, the invention also claims protection for a complete coating device with such a print head.

Darüber hinaus umfasst die erfindungsgemäße Beschichtungseinrichtung vorzugsweise auch einen Farbwechsler, wie beispielsweise einen Linearfarbwechsler, einen Rotationsfarbwechsler, einen in den Druckkopf integrierten Farbwechsler oder einen A/B-Farbwechsler. Diese Typen von Farbwechslern sind an sich aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt und müssen deshalb nicht weiter beschrieben werden.In addition, the coating device according to the invention preferably also comprises a color changer, such as a linear color changer, a rotary color changer, a color changer integrated in the print head or an A / B color changer. These types of color changers are known per se from the prior art and therefore do not need to be described further.

Schließlich umfasst die Erfindung auch ein entsprechendes Betriebsverfahren für einen solchen Druckkopf, wobei sich die einzelnen Verfahrensschritte bereits aus der vorstehenden Beschreibung ergeben und deshalb nicht näher beschrieben werden müssen.Finally, the invention also includes a corresponding operating method for such a print head, the individual process steps already result from the above description and therefore do not have to be described in more detail.

Allerdings ist zu erwähnen, dass das Spülmittel ein Universalspülmittel sein kann, das sowohl für wasserbasierten Lack als auch für Lösemittellack geeignet ist. Darüber hinaus kann das Spülmittel ein VOC-freies (VOC: volatile organic compounds) Spülmittel sein.However, it should be mentioned that the detergent can be a universal detergent that is suitable for both water-based paints and solvent-based paints. In addition, the detergent can be a VOC-free (VOC: volatile organic compounds) detergent.

Bei dem Spülvorgang kann der Druckkopf zusammen mit dem Spülmittel auch oder abwechselnd mit Pulsluft gespült werden.During the flushing process, the print head can be flushed with the flushing agent or alternately with pulsed air.

Ferner besteht auch die Möglichkeit, dass dem Druckkopf zum Spülen ein Aerosol zugeführt wird.There is also the possibility that an aerosol is fed to the print head for flushing.

Weiterhin besteht im Rahmen der Erfindung die Möglichkeit, dass dem Druckkopf nacheinander verschiedene Spülmittel zugeführt werden.Furthermore, within the scope of the invention, there is the possibility that different rinsing agents are supplied to the print head one after the other.

In einer Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Betriebsverfahrens wird zunächst ein lösemittelbasierter Lack zugeführt und appliziert. Anschließend wird der Druckkopf dann mit einem lösemittelbasierten Spülmittel gespült, um Reste des lösemittelbasierten Lacks auszuspülen. Optional kann dann noch ein Trennmittel zugeführt werden, beispielsweise Alkohol. Im nächsten Schritt wird dann ein Wasserlack zugeführt und appliziert. Schließlich wird der Druckkopf dann mit einem wasserlackbasierten Spülmittel gespült, um Reste des Wasserlacks auszuspülen.In a variant of the operating method according to the invention, a solvent-based paint is first supplied and applied. The printhead is then rinsed with a solvent-based rinsing agent in order to rinse off residues of the solvent-based paint. Optionally, a release agent can then be added, for example alcohol. In the next step, a water-based varnish is added and applied. Finally, the printhead is then rinsed with a water-based washing-up liquid to rinse off any residues of the water-based paint.

Die vorstehende Beschreibung erläutert einen Wechsel von einem lösemittelbasierten Lack zu einem Wasserlack. Selbstverständlich ist auch umgekehrt ein Wechsel von einem Wasserlack auf einen lösemittelbasierten Lack möglich, was eine entsprechend geänderte Reihenfolge der vorstehend beschriebenen Verfahrensschritte erfordert.The above description explains a change from a solvent-based paint to a water-based paint. Of course, you can also switch from a water-based varnish the other way around on a solvent-based paint possible, which requires a correspondingly changed sequence of the method steps described above.

Nach einem Farbwechsel wird der Druckkopf vorzugsweise mit dem neuen Beschichtungsmittel angedrückt, d.h. befüllt. Dabei wird vorzugsweise auch eine definierte Lackmenge durch die Düse des Druckkopfs ausgebracht.After a color change, the print head is preferably pressed on with the new coating agent, i. E. filled. A defined amount of lacquer is preferably also applied through the nozzle of the print head.

Beim Betrieb des erfindungsgemäßen Druckkopfs besteht auch die Möglichkeit, dass alle bei einem Spülvorgang abgegebenen Fluide (Beschichtungsmittel und Spülmittel) für eine Entsorgung aufgefangen werden.When operating the print head according to the invention, there is also the possibility that all fluids (coating agents and flushing agents) released during a flushing process are collected for disposal.

Ferner besteht auch die Möglichkeit, dass beim Farbwechsel auch die Außenfläche des Düsenkopfs gespült wird, um dort anhaftende Beschichtungsmittelreste zu entfernen.Furthermore, there is also the possibility that the outer surface of the nozzle head is also rinsed during the color change in order to remove coating agent residues adhering there.

Zu dem Spülvorgang ist weiterhin zu erwähnen, dass das Spülmittel nacheinander oder abwechselnd in die Rückführung oder durch die Düse abgeführt werden kann. Darüber hinaus besteht optional auch die Möglichkeit eines Spülens mit einem Gemisch aus Spülmittel und Pulsluft.With regard to the rinsing process, it should also be mentioned that the rinsing agent can be discharged one after the other or alternately into the return or through the nozzle. There is also the option of rinsing with a mixture of detergent and pulsed air.

Andere vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet oder werden nachstehend zusammen mit der Beschreibung der bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine schematische Darstellung eines herkömmlichen Steuerventils in einem Druckkopf zur Lackapplikation,
Figur 2
eine schematische Darstellung des Steuerventils mit einer Spülmittelzuführung,
Figur 3
eine Abwandlung von Figur 2, bei der das Spülmittel über die Beschichtungsmittelzuführung zugeführt wird,
Figur 4
eine weitere Abwandlung mit einem spülbaren Führungskäfig für den Anker,
Figur 5
eine weitere Abwandlung mit einem spülbaren Führungsstößel,
Figur 6
eine weitere Abwandlung mit einer Spülmittelzuführung am oberen Ende des Spulenrohrs,
Figur 7
eine Abwandlung mit einer flexiblen Membran zur Trennung des Steuerventils von den medienführenden Kanälen,
Figur 8
eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Druckkopfs mit einem vorgeschalteten Farbwechsler und einer Rückführung, sowie
Figur 9
eine schematische Darstellung zur Versorgung von mehreren Steuerventilen mit Spülmittel und Beschichtungsmittel.
Other advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims or are explained in more detail below together with the description of the preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the figures. Show it:
Figure 1
a schematic representation of a conventional control valve in a print head for paint application,
Figure 2
a schematic representation of the control valve with a flushing agent supply,
Figure 3
a variation of Figure 2 , in which the rinsing agent is fed via the coating agent feed,
Figure 4
another modification with a flushable guide cage for the anchor,
Figure 5
another modification with a flushable guide tappet,
Figure 6
another modification with a detergent supply at the upper end of the coil tube,
Figure 7
a modification with a flexible membrane to separate the control valve from the media-carrying channels,
Figure 8
a schematic representation of a print head according to the invention with an upstream color changer and a return, and
Figure 9
a schematic representation of the supply of several control valves with flushing agent and coating agent.

Im Folgenden wird nun die schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Steuerventils in Figur 2 beschrieben, wobei das Steuerventil in einem Druckkopf angeordnet ist. Dieses Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Steuerventils stimmt teilweise mit dem eingangs beschriebenen und in Figur 1 dargestellten herkömmlichen Steuerventil überein, so dass zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf die vorstehende Beschreibung verwiesen wird, wobei für entsprechende Einzelheiten dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet werden.In the following, the schematic representation of a control valve according to the invention is shown in FIG Figure 2 described, wherein the control valve is arranged in a print head. This embodiment of a control valve according to the invention partially corresponds to the conventional control valve described at the beginning and shown in FIG. 1, see above that, to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, the same reference symbols being used for corresponding details.

Eine Besonderheit dieses Ausführungsbeispiels besteht darin, dass das Steuerventil eine Spülmittelzuführung 13 aufweist, die in den Innenraum 12 des Spulenrohrs 5 mündet. Über diese Spülmittelzuführung 13 kann also Spülmittel zugeführt werden, um das Steuerventil bei einem Farbwechsel mit einem Spülmittel zu spülen. Dadurch ist ein Farbwechsel im laufenden Betrieb innerhalb kurzer Zeit möglich.A special feature of this exemplary embodiment is that the control valve has a flushing agent feed 13 which opens into the interior 12 of the coil tube 5. Rinsing agent can therefore be supplied via this rinsing agent feed 13 in order to rinse the control valve with a rinsing agent when there is a color change. This enables a color change during operation within a short time.

Darüber hinaus weist das Steuerventil in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel eine besondere Bauform der Dichtung 8 zwischen dem Spulenkern 7 und dem Spulenrohr 5 auf, wobei die Dichtung 8 eine Druckfestigkeit von mehr als 2bar ermöglicht.In addition, the control valve in this embodiment has a special design of the seal 8 between the coil core 7 and the coil tube 5, the seal 8 enabling a pressure resistance of more than 2 bar.

Figur 3 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Steuerventils in einem Druckkopf, wobei dieses Ausführungsbeispiel teilweise mit dem vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel übereinstimmt, so dass zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf die vorstehende Beschreibung verwiesen wird, wobei für entsprechende Einzelheiten dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet werden. Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of a further exemplary embodiment of a control valve according to the invention in a print head, this exemplary embodiment partially corresponding to the exemplary embodiment described above, so that reference is made to the preceding description to avoid repetition, the same reference numerals being used for corresponding details.

Eine Besonderheit dieses Ausführungsbeispiels besteht darin, dass der verschiebbare Anker 9 frei von Spülmittel umströmt werden kann, so dass das Spülmittel auch den Innenraum 12 des Spulenrohrs 5 spülen kann. Hierzu weist der Anker 9 einen kreuzförmigen Profilquerschnitt mit axial verlaufenden Rippen auf, so dass das Spülmittel zwischen den Rippen des Ankers 9 in axialer Richtung in den Innenraum 12 des Spulenrohrs 5 strömen kann. Das Spülmittel wird hierbei also nicht - wie bei Figur 2 - über die Spülmittelzuführung 13 zugeführt, sondern über die Beschichtungsmittelzuführung 4, die also abwechselnd zur Zuführung von Beschichtungsmittel und zur Zuführung von Spülmitteln dient. Der Spulenkern 7 ist hierbei gegenüber dem Innenraum 12 durch die Dichtung 8 abgedichtet.A special feature of this exemplary embodiment is that the displaceable armature 9 can flow freely around the flushing agent, so that the flushing agent can also flush the interior 12 of the coil tube 5. For this purpose, the armature 9 has a cruciform profile cross-section with axially extending ribs, so that the flushing agent can flow between the ribs of the armature 9 in the axial direction into the interior 12 of the coil tube 5. The detergent is not used here - as with Figure 2 - Supplied via the detergent feed 13, but Via the coating agent feed 4, which is therefore used alternately to feed the coating agent and to feed the rinsing agent. The coil core 7 is sealed off from the interior space 12 by the seal 8.

Figur 4 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel, das ebenfalls weitgehend mit dem vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel übereinstimmt, so dass zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf die vorstehende Beschreibung Bezug genommen wird, wobei für entsprechende Einzelheiten dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet werden. Figure 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment, which also largely corresponds to the exemplary embodiment described above, so that, in order to avoid repetition, reference is made to the preceding description, the same reference symbols being used for corresponding details.

Eine Besonderheit dieses Ausführungsbeispiels besteht darin, dass der verschiebbare Anker 9 in einem spülbaren Führungskäfig 14 angeordnet ist, der aus einem geschlitzten Zylinder besteht, so dass das Innere des Führungskäfigs 14 gespült werden kann. Dabei dichtet die Dichtung 8 den Innenraum des Spulenrohrs 5 gegen den medienführenden Bereich ab.A special feature of this exemplary embodiment is that the displaceable armature 9 is arranged in a flushable guide cage 14, which consists of a slotted cylinder so that the interior of the guide cage 14 can be flushed. The seal 8 seals the interior of the coil tube 5 from the area carrying the media.

Figur 5 zeigt noch ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel, so dass wieder zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf die vorstehende Beschreibung verwiesen wird, wobei für entsprechende Einzelheiten dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet werden. Figure 5 shows yet another embodiment, so that again to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, the same reference symbols being used for corresponding details.

Hierbei weist der Anker 9 mittig eine Führungsbohrung 15 auf, in die ein Führungsstift 16 eingreift, wobei die Passung aus der Führungsbohrung 15 und dem Führungsstift 16 ebenfalls für Spülmittel zugänglich ist.In this case, the armature 9 has a guide bore 15 in the center, into which a guide pin 16 engages, the fit of the guide bore 15 and the guide pin 16 also being accessible for detergent.

Darüber hinaus dichtet die Dichtung 8 hierbei den Ringspalt zwischen dem Spulenrohr 5 und dem Spulenkern 7 ab.In addition, the seal 8 seals the annular gap between the coil tube 5 and the coil core 7.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 6 stimmt wieder teilweise mit dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 2 überein, so dass zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf die vorstehende Beschreibung verwiesen wird, wobei für entsprechende Einzelheiten dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet werden.The embodiment according to Figure 6 partly agrees with the embodiment according to Figure 2 agree so that to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, the same reference symbols being used for corresponding details.

Eine Besonderheit dieses Ausführungsbeispiels besteht darin, dass die Spülmittelzuführung 13 hierbei nicht zwischen dem Spulenkern 7 und dem Anker 9 in den Innenraum 12 des Spulenrohrs einmündet. Vielmehr mündet die Spülmittelzuführung 13 hierbei am oberen Ende des Spulenrohrs 5 in das Spulenrohr.A special feature of this exemplary embodiment is that the detergent feed 13 does not open into the interior 12 of the coil tube between the coil core 7 and the armature 9. Rather, the detergent feed 13 opens into the coil tube at the upper end of the coil tube 5.

Wichtig ist hierbei, dass der Spulenkern 7 den freien Innenquerschnitt des Spulenrohrs 5 nicht vollständig ausfüllt, damit das Spülmittel von der oben gelegenen Spülmittelzuführung 13 nach unten in den Innenraum 12 strömen kann.It is important here that the coil core 7 does not completely fill the free inner cross section of the coil tube 5, so that the detergent can flow from the detergent feed 13 located above into the interior 12.

Figur 7 zeigt eine weitere Abwandlung eines spülbaren Steuerventils, das hierzu eine flexible Membran 17 vorsieht, die das Steuerventil von den medienführenden Teilen in der Beschichtungsmittelzuführung 4 trennt. Hierbei muss das Steuerventil selbst also nicht mit Spülmittel gespült werden, da das Steuerventil selbst überhaupt nicht in Kontakt kommt mit dem jeweiligen Lack. Vielmehr wird nur die Membran 17 auf ihrer Beschichtungsmittelseite von dem jeweiligen Lack berührt, so dass auch nur diese Seite der Membran 17 gespült werden muss, was ohne weiteres möglich ist, indem über die Beschichtungsmittelzuführung Spülmittel zugeführt wird. Figure 7 shows a further modification of a flushable control valve which for this purpose provides a flexible membrane 17 which separates the control valve from the media-carrying parts in the coating agent feed 4. The control valve itself does not have to be rinsed with detergent because the control valve itself does not come into contact with the respective paint. Rather, only the membrane 17 is touched by the respective lacquer on its coating agent side, so that only this side of the membrane 17 has to be rinsed, which is easily possible by supplying rinsing agent via the coating agent feed.

Figur 8 zeigt eine stark vereinfachte schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungseinrichtung mit einer Beschichtungsmittelzuführung 18, einem Farbwechsler 19, einem erfindungsgemäßen Druckkopf 20, einem Rückführventil 21 und einer Rückführung 22. Figure 8 shows a greatly simplified schematic representation of a coating device according to the invention with a coating agent feed 18, a color changer 19, a print head 20 according to the invention, a return valve 21 and a return 22.

Der Farbwechsler 19 kann dem Druckkopf 20 hierbei verschiedenfarbige Beschichtungsmittel zuführen, wobei der Druckkopf 20 wahlweise über eine nicht dargestellte Spülmittelzuführung oder über die Beschichtungsmittelzuführung 18 mit Spülmittel gespült werden kann.The color changer 19 can supply different colored coating agents to the print head 20, wherein the print head 20 can optionally be rinsed with rinsing agent via a rinsing agent supply (not shown) or via the coating agent supply 18.

Bei einem Spülvorgang anfallende Reste aus Beschichtungsmittel und Spülmittel können dann in die Rückführung 22 abgeführt werden.Residues of coating agent and rinsing agent that accumulate during a rinsing process can then be discharged into return line 22.

Schließlich zeigt Figur 9 eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Druckkopfs mit mehreren Steuerventilen 23.1, 23.4, die über eine gemeinsame Beschichtungsmittelzuführung 24 mit mehreren Zweigleitungen 25 mit Beschichtungsmittel versorgt werden.Finally shows Figure 9 a schematic representation of a print head according to the invention with several control valves 23.1, 23.4, which are supplied with coating agent via a common coating agent feed 24 with several branch lines 25.

Darüber hinaus weist die Beschichtungseinrichtung noch eine gemeinsame Spülmittelzuführung 26 auf, die über jeweils eine Zweigleitung 27 mit den einzelnen Steuerventilen 23.1-23.4 verbunden ist, so dass alle Steuerventile 23.1-23.4 des Druckkopfs mit Spülmittel gespült werden können.In addition, the coating device also has a common flushing agent feed 26, which is connected to the individual control valves 23.1-23.4 via a branch line 27, so that all control valves 23.1-23.4 of the print head can be flushed with flushing agent.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die vorstehend beschriebenen bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt. Vielmehr ist eine Vielzahl von Varianten und Abwandlungen möglich, die ebenfalls von dem Erfindungsgedanken Gebrauch machen und deshalb in den Schutzbereich fallen. Insbesondere beansprucht die Erfindung auch Schutz für den Gegenstand und die Merkmale der Unteransprüche unabhängig von den jeweils in Bezug genommenen Ansprüchen und insbesondere auch ohne die Merkmale des Hauptanspruchs. Die Erfindung umfasst also verschiedene Erfindungsaspekte, die unabhängig voneinander Schutz genießen. Insbesondere umfasst die Erfindung auch Varianten, bei denen das Steuerventil keine Spule mit einem Spulenrohr, einem Anker und einem Spulenkern aufweist. Ferner umfasst die Erfindung auch Varianten, bei denen die Spülmittelzuführung nicht in das Spulenrohr mündet.The invention is not restricted to the preferred exemplary embodiments described above. Rather, a large number of variants and modifications are possible which also make use of the inventive concept and therefore fall within the scope of protection. In particular, the invention also claims protection for the subject matter and the features of the subclaims independently of the claims referred to in each case and in particular also without the features of the main claim. The invention thus comprises various aspects of the invention that are protected independently of one another. In particular, the invention also includes variants in which the control valve does not have a coil with a coil tube, an armature and a coil core. The invention also includes variants in which the detergent supply does not open into the coil tube.

Bezugszeichenliste:List of reference symbols:

11
DüsenplatteNozzle plate
22
DüsenöffnungNozzle opening
33
BasisplatteBase plate
44th
BeschichtungsmittelzuführungCoating agent supply
55
SpulenrohrCoil tube
66th
SpuleKitchen sink
77th
SpulenkernCoil core
88th
Dichtung zwischen Spulenkern und SpulenrohrSeal between coil core and coil tube
99
Anker (Ventilnadel)Armature (valve needle)
1010
Dichtung zum Abdichten der DüsenöffnungSeal for sealing the nozzle opening
1111
RückstellfederReturn spring
1212
Innenraum des SpulenrohrsInterior of the coil tube
1313
SpülmittelzuführungDetergent supply
1414th
Spülbarer Führungskäfig für den AnkerFlushable guide cage for the anchor
1515th
Führungsbohrung im AnkerGuide hole in the anchor
1616
FührungsstiftGuide pin
1717th
Membranmembrane
1919th
FarbwechslerColor changer
1818th
BeschichtungsmittelzuführungCoating agent supply
2020th
DruckkopfPrinthead
2121st
RückführventilReturn valve
2222nd
Rückführungreturn
23.1-23.423.1-23.4
SteuerventileControl valves
2424
BeschichtungsmittelzuführungCoating agent supply
2525th
Zweigleitungen der BeschichtungsmittezuführungBranch lines of the coating agent supply
2626th
SpülmittelzuführungDetergent supply
2727
Zweigleitungen der SpülmittelzuführungBranch lines of the detergent supply

Claims (18)

Druckkopf zur Applikation eines Beschichtungsmittels auf ein Bauteil, insbesondere zur Lackierung eines Kraftfahrzeugkarosseriebauteils mit einem Lack, mit a) mindestens einer Düse (2) zur Abgabe des Beschichtungsmittels, b) einer Spülmittelzuführung (13; 26) zur Zuführung eines Spülmittels, wobei der Druckkopf optional im Beschichtungsbetrieb einen Farbwechsel ermöglicht und bei einem Farbwechsel mit dem Spülmittel spülbar ist, um Beschichtungsmittelreste aus dem Druckkopf herausauszuspülen, c) mindestens einem Steuerventil (23.1-23.4) zur Steuerung der Beschichtungsmittelabgabe durch die mindestens eine Düse (2) mit c1) einer elektrischen Spule (6), c2) einem Spulenrohr (5), auf das die Spule (6) außen aufgewickelt ist, c3) einem verschiebbaren Anker (9), der in Abhängigkeit von der Bestromung der Spule (6) verschoben wird und in Abhängigkeit von seiner Stellung die Düse verschließt oder freigibt, und c4) einem Spulenkern (7) im Inneren des Spulenrohrs (5), dadurch gekennzeichnet, d) dass die Spülmittelzuführung (13; 26) in axialer Richtung zwischen dem Anker (9) und dem Spulenkern (7) in das Spulenrohr (5) mündet, um das Spülmittel zuzuführen und in das Innere des Spulenrohrs (5) zu leiten. Print head for applying a coating agent to a component, in particular for painting a motor vehicle body component with a paint a) at least one nozzle (2) for dispensing the coating agent, b) a flushing agent feed (13; 26) for feeding a flushing agent, the print head optionally enabling a color change in coating operation and being flushable with the flushing agent during a color change in order to rinse coating agent residues out of the print head, c) at least one control valve (23.1-23.4) for controlling the coating agent delivery through the at least one nozzle (2) c1) an electrical coil (6), c2) a spool tube (5) onto which the spool (6) is wound on the outside, c3) a displaceable armature (9) which is displaced as a function of the energization of the coil (6) and, as a function of its position, closes or releases the nozzle, and c4) a coil core (7) inside the coil tube (5), characterized, d) that the flushing agent supply (13; 26) opens into the coil tube (5) in the axial direction between the armature (9) and the coil core (7) in order to supply the flushing agent and to guide it into the interior of the coil tube (5). Druckkopf nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch a) eine Beschichtungsmittelzuführung (4; 24) zur Zuführung des zu applizierenden Beschichtungsmittels und/oder zur Zuführung des Spülmittels, und/oder b) die Spülmittelzuführung (13; 26), die zur Zuführung des Spülmittels separat ausgebildet ist. Print head according to claim 1, characterized by a) a coating agent feed (4; 24) for feeding the coating agent to be applied and / or for feeding the rinsing agent, and / or b) the detergent supply (13; 26), which is designed separately for supplying the detergent. Druckkopf nach Anspruch 2, gekennzeichnet durch a) eine Rückführung (22) zur Rückführung des Beschichtungsmittels und/oder des Spülmittels, und b) ein Rückführventil (21) zur Steuerung des Rückführstroms in die Rückführung, insbesondere b1) als eigenmediumbetätigtes Rückführventil oder b2) als Proportionalventil. Print head according to Claim 2, characterized by a) a return (22) for returning the coating agent and / or the flushing agent, and b) a return valve (21) for controlling the return flow into the return, in particular b1) as a self-actuated return valve or b2) as a proportional valve. Druckkopf nach Anspruch 2 oder 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, a) dass der Druckkopf mehrere Düsen aufweist, um das Beschichtungsmittel abzugeben, b) dass der Druckkopf mehrere Steuerventile (23.1-23.4) aufweist, die den einzelnen Düsen (2) zugeordnet sind und die Beschichtungsmittelabgabe durch die einzelnen Düsen (2) steuern, c) dass die Spülmittelzuführung (26) Zweigleitungen (27) zu den einzelnen Steuerventilen (23.1-23.4) aufweist, so dass alle Steuerventile (23.1-23.4) mit dem Spülmittel gespült werden, d) dass die Zweigleitungen der Spülmittelzuführung (13; 26) optional so ausgelegt sind, dass das zugeführte Spülmittel gleichmäßig auf die Zweigleitungen zu den Steuerventilen verteilt wird, so dass die Steuerventile im Wesentlichen mit der gleichen Spülmittelmenge gespült werden. Print head according to claim 2 or 3,
characterized, a) that the printhead has several nozzles to deliver the coating agent, b) that the printhead has several control valves (23.1-23.4) which are assigned to the individual nozzles (2) and which control the release of the coating agent through the individual nozzles (2), c) that the flushing agent supply (26) has branch lines (27) to the individual control valves (23.1-23.4), so that all control valves (23.1-23.4) are flushed with the flushing agent, d) that the branch lines of the detergent feed (13; 26) are optionally designed so that the supplied detergent is evenly distributed to the branch lines to the control valves, so that the control valves are rinsed with essentially the same amount of detergent. Druckkopf nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, a) dass das Spulenrohr (5) optional einen kreisförmigen Innenquerschnitt aufweist, b) dass der Spulenkern (7) optional einen Profilquerschnitt aufweist, der den Innenquerschnitt des Spulenrohrs (5) nicht vollständig ausfüllt, um zwischen dem Spulenrohr (5) und dem Spulenkern (7) Platz zu lassen für das Spülmittel, c) dass der Profilquerschnitt des Spulenkerns (7) sternförmig ist, d) dass der Profilquerschnitt des Spulenkerns (7) optional in seiner Mantelfläche mindestens eine Spülnut aufweist, die vorzugsweise d1) axial, d2) in Umfangsrichtung oder d3) spiralförmig verläuft, und/oder e) dass der Profilquerschnitt des Spulenkerns (7) optional einen axial verlaufenden Spülkanal aufweist, f) dass der Profilquerschnitt des Spulenkerns (7) optional gitterförmig ist, g) dass der Spulenkern (7) gegenüber dem Spulenrohr (5) optional mittels einer Dichtung (8) abgedichtet ist, insbesondere mit einer Druckfestigkeit von mehr als 2bar, 4bar, oder 6 bar. Print head according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized, a) that the coil tube (5) optionally has a circular inner cross-section, b) that the coil core (7) optionally has a profile cross-section which does not completely fill the inner cross-section of the coil tube (5) in order to leave space for the detergent between the coil tube (5) and the coil core (7), c) that the profile cross-section of the coil core (7) is star-shaped, d) that the profile cross section of the coil core (7) optionally has at least one flushing groove in its lateral surface, which preferably d1) axial, d2) in the circumferential direction or d3) runs in a spiral, and / or e) that the profile cross-section of the coil core (7) optionally has an axially running flushing channel, f) that the profile cross-section of the coil core (7) is optionally latticed, g) that the coil core (7) is optionally sealed off from the coil tube (5) by means of a seal (8), in particular with a pressure resistance of more than 2 bar, 4 bar, or 6 bar. Druckkopf nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, a) dass der Druckkopf mehrere Spulenrohre (5) aufweist, und b) dass von der Spülmittelzuführung (13; 26) Zweigleitungen in alle Spulenrohre (5) abgehen, und/oder c) dass die Spulenrohre (5) gemeinsam gespült werden können, und/oder d) dass die Spulenrohre (5) individuell einzeln gespült werden können. Print head according to claim 5,
characterized, a) that the print head has a plurality of coil tubes (5), and b) that branch lines branch off from the flushing agent feed (13; 26) into all coil tubes (5), and / or c) that the coil tubes (5) can be flushed together, and / or d) that the coil tubes (5) are individually flushed can be. Druckkopf nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, a) dass der Anker (9) auf einem Teil seiner Länge koaxial in dem Spulenrohr (5) verläuft, b) dass der Anker (9) einen axial durchlässigen Profilquerschnitt aufweist, um Spülmittel zwischen dem Anker (9) und der Innenwand des Spulenrohrs (5) durchleiten zu können, c) dass der Anker (9) vorzugsweise einen nicht-kreisförmigen Profilquerschnitt aufweist, insbesondere einen sternförmigen oder kreuzförmigen Profilquerschnitt, um Platz zu lassen für das Beschichtungsmittel Print head according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized, a) that the armature (9) runs coaxially in the coil tube (5) over part of its length, b) that the armature (9) has an axially permeable profile cross-section in order to be able to pass flushing agent between the armature (9) and the inner wall of the coil tube (5), c) that the anchor (9) preferably has a non-circular profile cross-section, in particular a star-shaped or cruciform profile cross-section, in order to leave space for the coating agent Druckkopf nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, a) dass der verschiebbare Anker (9) eine mittige Führungsbohrung (15) aufweist, und b) dass in die Führungsbohrung (15) des beweglichen Ankers (9) ein ortsfester Führungsstift (16) hineinragt, und c) dass die Führungsbohrung (15) in dem verschiebbaren Anker (9) spülbar ist. Print head according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized, a) that the displaceable armature (9) has a central guide bore (15), and b) that a stationary guide pin (16) protrudes into the guide bore (15) of the movable armature (9), and c) that the guide bore (15) in the displaceable armature (9) can be flushed. Druckkopf nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch eine flexible Membran (17), die das Steuerventil (23.1-23.4) von der Beschichtungsmittelzuführung (4; 24) trennt, so dass das Steuerventil (23.1-23.4) durch die Membran (17) vor einem Kontakt mit dem Beschichtungsmittel geschützt wird.Print head according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a flexible membrane (17) which separates the control valve (23.1-23.4) from the coating agent supply (4; 24) so that the control valve (23.1-23.4) through the membrane (17) a contact with the coating agent is protected. Druckkopf nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, a) dass der Druckkopf einen Farbwechsel innerhalb einer Farbwechseldauer von weniger als 1h, 20min, 10min, 30s, 10s, oder 5s ermöglicht, und/oder b) dass der Farbwechsel nicht länger dauert als das Ein- bzw. Ausfördern des Beschichtungsobjekts aus der Lackierzone, und/oder c) dass der Farbwechsel in der zeitlichen Lücke stattfindet, die durch den Abstand zwischen zwei Beschichtungsobjekten (Karossen) gegeben ist, und/oder d) dass der Druckkopf bei einem Farbwechsel geringe Farbwechselverluste aufweist, die kleiner sind als 5l, 2l, 200ml, 20ml, 10ml, 5ml oder 2ml, und/oder e) dass der Druckkopf bei einem Farbwechsel einen geringen Spülmittelverbrauch hat, der kleiner ist als 10l, 5l, 2l, 200ml, 100ml, 50ml, 20ml, 10ml, und/oder f) dass der Druckkopf mehrere getrennte Spülmittelzuführungen (13; 26) aufweist, um verschiedene Spülmittel zuzuführen, und/oder g) dass der Druckkopf im Wesentlichen totraumfrei und/oder hinterschneidungsfrei ist, und/oder h) dass der Druckkopf an seinen Oberflächen, die mit dem Beschichtungsmittel in Kontakt kommen, mit einer reinigungsfördernden Beschichtung versehen ist, und/oder i) dass der Druckkopf druckfest bis zu einem Druck von mindestens 1bar, 5bar, 6bar, 8bat, 10bar, 15bar oder 20bar. Print head according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized, a) that the print head changes color within a Color change time of less than 1h, 20min, 10min, 30s, 10s, or 5s enabled, and / or b) that the color change does not take longer than conveying the object to be coated in or out of the painting zone, and / or c) that the color change takes place in the time gap that is given by the distance between two coating objects (bodies), and / or d) that the printhead shows small color change losses in the event of a color change, which are smaller than 5l, 2l, 200ml, 20ml, 10ml, 5ml or 2ml, and / or e) that the print head has a low consumption of detergent when changing color, which is less than 10l, 5l, 2l, 200ml, 100ml, 50ml, 20ml, 10ml, and / or f) that the print head has a plurality of separate flushing agent feeds (13; 26) in order to feed different flushing agents, and / or g) that the print head is essentially free of dead space and / or free of undercuts, and / or h) that the print head is provided with a cleaning-promoting coating on its surfaces which come into contact with the coating agent, and / or i) that the print head is pressure-resistant up to a pressure of at least 1bar, 5bar, 6bar, 8bat, 10bar, 15bar or 20bar. Beschichtungseinrichtung zur Beschichtung von Bauteilen, insbesondere zur Lackierung von Kraftfahrzeugkarosseriebauteilen mit einem Lack, gekennzeichnet durch einen Drucckopf nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche zur Applikation des Beschichtungsmittels auf das Bauteil.Coating device for coating components, in particular for painting motor vehicle body components with a paint, characterized by a pressure head according to one of the preceding claims for applying the coating agent to the component. Beschichtungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 11, gekennzeichnet durch einen Farbwechsler, der stromaufwärts vor dem Druckkopf angeordnet und ausgangsseitig mit dem Druckkopf verbunden ist, um den Druckkopf wahlweise mit verschiedenfarbigen Beschichtungsmitteln zu speisen, insbesondere in einer Bauweise als a) Linearfarbwechsler, b) Rotationsfarbwechsler, c) integriertem Farbwechsler innerhalb des Druckkopfs, oder d) A/B-Farbwechsler. Coating device according to claim 11, characterized by a color changer, the upstream before the Arranged printhead and connected on the output side with the printhead in order to feed the printhead optionally with different colored coating agents, in particular in a construction as a) linear color changer, b) rotary color changer, c) integrated color changer within the print head, or d) A / B color changer. Betriebsverfahren für einen Druckkopf nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, gekennzeichnet durch folgenden Schritt: Spülen des Druckkopfs mit einem Spülmittel.Operating method for a print head according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized by the following step: rinsing the print head with a rinsing agent. Betriebsverfahren nach Anspruch 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, a) dass das Spülmittel ein Universalspülmittel ist, dass sowohl für wasserbasierten Lack als auch für Lösemittellack geeignet ist, und/oder b) dass das Spülmittel ein VOC-freies Spülmittel ist, und/oder c) dass dem Druckkopf zusammen mit dem Spülmittel oder abwechselnd Pulsluft zugeführt wird, und/oder d) dass dem Druckkopf zum Spülen ein Aerosol zugeführt wird, und/oder e) dass dem Druckkopf nacheinander verschiedene Spülmittel zugeführt werden. Operating method according to claim 13,
characterized, a) that the detergent is a universal detergent that is suitable for both water-based paint and solvent paint, and / or b) that the detergent is a VOC-free detergent, and / or c) that pulsed air is fed to the print head together with the flushing agent or alternately, and / or d) that an aerosol is supplied to the printhead for rinsing, and / or e) that different rinsing agents are supplied to the print head one after the other. Betriebsverfahren nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Schritte: a) Zuführen eines lösemittelbasierten Lacks und Applikation des lösemittelbasierten Lacks, b) Spülen des Druckkopfs mit einem lösemittelbasierten Spülmittel, c) Optional Zuführen eines Trennmittels beim Wechsel von dem lösemittelbasierten Lack auf einen Wasserlack, d) Zuführen eines Wasserlacks und Applikation des Wasserlacks, und e) Spülen des Druckkopfs mit einem wasserbasierten Spülmittel. Operating method according to Claim 13 or 14, characterized by the following steps: a) supplying a solvent-based paint and applying the solvent-based paint, b) rinsing the printhead with a solvent-based detergent, c) Optional supply of a release agent when changing from the solvent-based paint to a water-based paint, d) supplying a water-based varnish and applying the water-based varnish, and e) Rinsing the printhead with a water-based detergent. Betriebsverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 15, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Schritte: a) Andrücken des Druckkopfs nach einem Farbwechsel auf ein neues Beschichtungsmittel mit dem neuen Beschichtungsmittel, und/oder b) Ausbringen einer definierten Lackmenge nach einem Farbwechsel durch die Düse des Druckkopfs. Operating method according to one of Claims 13 to 15, characterized by the following steps: a) after a color change, pressing the print head onto a new coating agent with the new coating agent, and / or b) Applying a defined amount of lacquer after a color change through the nozzle of the print head. Betriebsverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 16, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Schritte: a) Auffangen aller bei einem Spülvorgang abgegebenen Fluide für eine Entsorgung einschließlich des ausgespülten alten Beschichtungsmittels und des verwendeten Spülmittels, und/oder b) Spülen der Außenfläche des Düsenkopfs bei einem Farbwechsel. Operating method according to one of Claims 13 to 16, characterized by the following steps: a) Collecting all fluids released during a flushing process for disposal, including the flushed out old coating agent and the flushing agent used, and / or b) Rinsing the outer surface of the nozzle head when there is a color change. Betriebsverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, a) dass bei einem Spülvorgang folgende Schritte nacheinander oder abwechselnd durchgeführt werden: a1) Spülen des Druckkopfs mit einem Spülmittel in die Rückführung des Druckkopfs, und a2) Spülen des Druckkopfs mit einem Spülmittel durch die Düse des Druckkopfs, und a3) optional Spülen des Druckkopfs mit einem Gemisch aus Spülmittel und Pulsluft, b) dass ein Farbwechsel folgende Schritte umfasst: b1) Spülen des Druckkopfs mit einem Spülmittel, und b2) Andrücken des Druckkopfs mit einem neuen Beschichtungsmittel. Operating method according to one of Claims 13 to 17, characterized in that a) that the following steps are carried out one after the other or alternately during a rinsing process: a1) rinsing the printhead with a rinsing agent in the return of the printhead, and a2) rinsing the print head with a detergent through the nozzle of the print head, and a3) optional rinsing of the print head with a mixture of rinsing agent and pulsed air, b) that a color change comprises the following steps: b1) rinsing the print head with a detergent, and b2) pressing the print head with a new coating agent.
EP20170976.3A 2016-12-14 2017-12-01 Printing head and corresponding operational method Active EP3702045B1 (en)

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DE102016014948.5A DE102016014948A1 (en) 2016-12-14 2016-12-14 Printhead and related operating procedures
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