EP3243997B1 - Escape door - Google Patents

Escape door Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3243997B1
EP3243997B1 EP17170152.7A EP17170152A EP3243997B1 EP 3243997 B1 EP3243997 B1 EP 3243997B1 EP 17170152 A EP17170152 A EP 17170152A EP 3243997 B1 EP3243997 B1 EP 3243997B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
door leaf
door
escape
axis
rotation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17170152.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3243997B8 (en
EP3243997A1 (en
Inventor
Luigi De Candido
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Elkuch Elsenring AG
Original Assignee
Elkuch Elsenring AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Elkuch Elsenring AG filed Critical Elkuch Elsenring AG
Priority to PL17170152T priority Critical patent/PL3243997T3/en
Publication of EP3243997A1 publication Critical patent/EP3243997A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3243997B1 publication Critical patent/EP3243997B1/en
Publication of EP3243997B8 publication Critical patent/EP3243997B8/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
    • E06B5/12—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes against air pressure, explosion, or gas
    • E06B5/125—Closures for relieving excess pressure inside the building
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/28—Suspension arrangements for wings supported on arms movable in horizontal plane
    • E05D15/30—Suspension arrangements for wings supported on arms movable in horizontal plane with pivoted arms and sliding guides
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/56—Suspension arrangements for wings with successive different movements
    • E05D15/58—Suspension arrangements for wings with successive different movements with both swinging and sliding movements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D7/00—Hinges or pivots of special construction
    • E05D7/08—Hinges or pivots of special construction for use in suspensions comprising two spigots placed at opposite edges of the wing, especially at the top and the bottom, e.g. trunnions
    • E05D7/082—Hinges or pivots of special construction for use in suspensions comprising two spigots placed at opposite edges of the wing, especially at the top and the bottom, e.g. trunnions the pivot axis of the wing being situated at a considerable distance from the edges of the wing, e.g. for balanced wings
    • E05D7/083—Hinges or pivots of special construction for use in suspensions comprising two spigots placed at opposite edges of the wing, especially at the top and the bottom, e.g. trunnions the pivot axis of the wing being situated at a considerable distance from the edges of the wing, e.g. for balanced wings with a fixed pivot axis
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/32—Arrangements of wings characterised by the manner of movement; Arrangements of movable wings in openings; Features of wings or frames relating solely to the manner of movement of the wing
    • E06B3/50—Arrangements of wings characterised by the manner of movement; Arrangements of movable wings in openings; Features of wings or frames relating solely to the manner of movement of the wing with more than one kind of movement
    • E06B3/5009—Arrangements of wings characterised by the manner of movement; Arrangements of movable wings in openings; Features of wings or frames relating solely to the manner of movement of the wing with more than one kind of movement where the sliding and rotating movements are necessarily performed simultaneously
    • E06B3/5018—Arrangements of wings characterised by the manner of movement; Arrangements of movable wings in openings; Features of wings or frames relating solely to the manner of movement of the wing with more than one kind of movement where the sliding and rotating movements are necessarily performed simultaneously where the pivot axis slides during pivoting of the wing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
    • E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
    • E06B5/164—Sealing arrangements between the door or window and its frame, e.g. intumescent seals specially adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
    • E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
    • E06B5/167—Devices blocking doors or windows inside its frame in case of fire
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/56—Suspension arrangements for wings with successive different movements
    • E05D15/58—Suspension arrangements for wings with successive different movements with both swinging and sliding movements
    • E05D2015/585—Suspension arrangements for wings with successive different movements with both swinging and sliding movements with stationary hinge parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/10—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
    • E05Y2900/13—Type of wing
    • E05Y2900/132—Doors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/10—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
    • E05Y2900/13—Type of wing
    • E05Y2900/132—Doors
    • E05Y2900/134—Fire doors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an escape door for separating a tube of a traffic tunnel from a standing under an air pressure escape route according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Escape doors are known from the prior art, which separate the tube of a traffic tunnel escape routes.
  • the separation is also important insofar as in the escape routes in normal operation, an air pressure of about 50 to 80 Pa is present.
  • an air pressure in the escape route is increased to 450 to 500 Pa in order to keep the escape route smoke-free in case of fire.
  • sliding doors are preferably used in the implementation of escape doors, since the opening direction of the sliding door is oriented perpendicular to the air pressure.
  • the opening of a sliding door is associated with a comparatively lower expenditure of force.
  • the bulges, which are necessary for the installation of the sliding doors on the walls connecting the sliding door, however, are associated with high costs.
  • a corridor which comprises an access and an exit.
  • the entrance and exit are each closed by a double door.
  • both double doors can be opened and closed automatically.
  • a door leaf of the double door comprises a first pivot bearing, which is connected to the door leaf and a first axis of rotation forms, by which the door leaf between an open position and a closing position is rotatable.
  • the first pivot bearing in a guide, which is formed along the door frame above the opening, connected centrally from the longitudinal sides at the top of the door leaf with this.
  • Two lever arms are connected via a second axis of rotation forming second pivot bearing with the door leaf.
  • the lever arms are attached to the door frame. Since the air force forms a natural equilibrium of forces with drafts on the door leaf, the door leaf can not be opened or closed by drafts. However, if different pressure conditions prevail on both sides of the double door, then this rotary sliding door is either very difficult to open or close.
  • the solution of the problem is achieved in an escape door in that the first axis of rotation is positioned at an off-center distance from the longitudinal sides of the door leaf, whereby the air pressure can cause a torque to open the door leaf, which in dependence on the prevailing air pressure in the escape route through the position the first axis of rotation is selectable.
  • the resulting torque is preferably used to lift a closing weight, which embodiment is described below.
  • the first axis of rotation is not arranged on a longitudinal side of the door leaf, as is the case with conventional swing doors, but is at a distance to the two longitudinal sides, the air pressure on both sides of the first Facing the rotation axis on the door leaf.
  • the opening force in an escape door on one side of which an overpressure prevails, can be converted to an opening aid in a simple and surprising manner, although the door leaf opens in the direction of the overpressure.
  • the pressure acts on both sides of the first axis of rotation on the door leaf, the resulting torque acting on the first axis of rotation, however, regardless of the size of the existing overpressure depending on the selected position of the first axis of rotation.
  • the torque is therefore dependent on the selected lever ratios on the door leaf.
  • the escape door is designed to be barrier-free and can be easily opened and passed by persons in a wheelchair, since the pivoting area of the escape door is much smaller than with a conventional door.
  • the ratio of the distance of the first axis of rotation from the longitudinal axis of the door leaf facing the third axis of rotation to the width of the door leaf is between 1: 1.4 and 1: 1.95, preferably between 1: 1.5 and 1 to 1.8 and more preferably between 1 to 1.6 and 1 to 1.7. With this ratio, there is sufficient torque at the first axis of rotation, which is sufficient for lifting a closing weight.
  • the lever arms have a length whose ratio to the width of the door leaf between 1 to 2 and 1 to 5, preferably between 1 to 3.5 and 1 to 4.5, and more preferably between 1 to 3 and 1 to 4.
  • the present choice of length of the lever arms causes the door leaf can be completely open and is at an angle of approximately 90 degrees to the door frame when the first pivot bearing is moved to the third pivot bearing.
  • the invention is also preferably characterized in that acts on the first pivot bearing a force, whereby a closing aid is realized, which causes an independent closure of the door leaf.
  • a closing aid is realized, which causes an independent closure of the door leaf.
  • a device is provided by which the closing movement can be braked. This closes the door leaf in a controlled manner without falling into the lock at high speed without braking.
  • the device is an air brake, which is realized by a pressure cylinder, in which the air outlet speed of the air expressed during closing of the door leaf from the cylinder with a valve is controllable.
  • the air brake makes it possible for the closing speed to be reduced and for the door leaf to be dampened and to move into the closed position in a controlled manner. It is also conceivable that the closing process is controlled in addition to or instead of the air brake by a compression spring.
  • the force is selected such that it compensates for the contact pressure of the air overpressure acting on both sides of the first axis of rotation.
  • the force can counteract the torque acting on the first axis of rotation.
  • the force acting as a closing force can be overcome when opening and the opening force is still low.
  • the invention is also preferably characterized in that the force is caused by a weight which is connected by means of a cable to the first pivot bearing.
  • This type of closing force is realized by a virtually maintenance-free device.
  • the weight can be adjusted precisely and without effort to the required closing force by placing or removing weight plates.
  • the first pivot bearing is connectable to the door leaf at a plurality of suspension points.
  • the plurality of suspension points make it possible that the distance between the first pivot bearing and thus the first axis of rotation of the first and second longitudinal side of the door leaf is variable. Since the off-center arrangement, as already described above, causes a torque on the door leaf, the size of the torque can be adjusted or changed by adjusting the distance of the first pivot bearing.
  • the possibility of determining the suspension point of the first pivot bearing means that the torque can be adjusted as a function of the overpressure prevailing in the escape route.
  • At least one locking bolt is arranged on the door leaf, which can be extended by an intumescent material and can be latched in the door frame.
  • an intumescent material is to be understood in the context of this invention, a material which increases in volume under heat. In most cases, such materials form a heat-resistant cured foam, which seals a fire door against fire as Dämm Weg brieflyner.
  • the intumescent material is received in the door leaf in a recess.
  • the locking bolt is also received in the recess and closes the recess. When heat is applied to the door leaf, the intumescent material reacts and expands. As a result, the locking pin is partially pressed out of the recess and locked in the door frame. In the event of a fire, the escape door is locked after the response time of the intumescent material has passed.
  • a fire protection seal is arranged on the first and second longitudinal side and the upper side of the door leaf.
  • the escape door is not only locked in the event of a fire, but also sealed gas-tight. Since the door leaf of the escape door according to the invention performs a rotating and sliding movement, fire protection seals which are used in conventional doors are however unsuitable.
  • the fire seal is realized by a metal profile, which can be extended by an intumescent material, wherein the door frame facing side of the metal profile may be provided with a fire protection tape.
  • the metal profile and the intumescent material may be received in a recess on the sides of the door frame or are preferably received in an angled rail which is secured to the sides of the door frame.
  • the recess formed between the door frame side and the rail is partially filled with intumescent material. Zuäusserst the metal profile is inserted into the recess.
  • the intumescent material and the metal profile do not fall out of the recess, they are glued in the recess, without the bond obstructing the movement of the metal profile when exposed to heat.
  • the metal profile Upon expansion of the intumescent material due to heat the metal profile is pressed out of the recess on the door frame.
  • the metal profile may be provided with a fire protection tape.
  • At least one lowering threshold is arranged on the underside of the door leaf, which is extendable when closing the door frame from the bottom.
  • the lowering threshold includes a rubber seal which is pressed to the ground.
  • the rubber seal is so flexible that even unevenness of the soil can be compensated and the lowering threshold is therefore able to seal the door leaf against uneven floors gas-tight.
  • a bolt arranged on the door leaf which is pressed into this during the closing of the door leaf, cause the lowering threshold to extend.
  • the lowering threshold may be suspended on a linearly moving rocker on the door leaf. A linear shift of the lowering threshold triggered by the bolt also leads to a vertical movement of the lowering threshold downwards.
  • a fire protection seal described above is arranged on the underside of the door frame.
  • the first pivot bearing is connected to a rolling carriage, which is displaceable along the upper side of the door frame.
  • the first pivot bearing can therefore be linearly moved along the door frame.
  • the top of the door frame can serve as a running rail for the roller carriage.
  • an escape door is shown, which is designated overall by the reference numeral 11.
  • the escape door 11 separates the tube of a traffic tunnel from an escape route.
  • the escape route is under an overpressure, in order to displace the smoke from the escape route in case of smoke formation.
  • the excess pressure in the escape route is increased from approx. 50 Pa to 450 to 500 Pa to ensure that no smoke can penetrate the escape route.
  • the escape door comprises in a known manner a door leaf 13 and a door frame 15, in which the door leaf is rotatably arranged.
  • a pictogram 16 is present on the door leaf 13.
  • the escape door 11 comprises a first, second and third pivot bearing.
  • the first pivot bearing 17 is not arranged on the edge of the door leaf as in conventional doors, but is formed at a distance from the longitudinal sides 31, 33 of the door leaf 13.
  • the door leaf 13 is rotatable about the first pivot bearing 17, which is linearly displaceable on the upper side of the door leaf 13 on the door frame 15.
  • the first pivot bearing 17 is attached to a carriage 19.
  • the roller carriage 19 slides along the top of the door frame 13, which acts as a rail for the carriage 19.
  • the first pivot bearing 17 is linear led the door frame.
  • the first pivot bearing 17 is fastened eccentrically to the upper side of the door leaf 13.
  • a second pivot bearing 21 is arranged between the first pivot bearing 17 and the longitudinal side of the door leaf 13, which is farther away from the first pivot bearing 17.
  • the second pivot bearing 21 is formed as an upper and a lower second pivot bearing 21a, 21b, which are fixed to the top and the bottom of the door leaf.
  • the first end of a lever arm 23a, 23b is articulated.
  • the second ends of the lever arms 23 a, 23 b are connected to each other with an axis 25.
  • the axis 25 is rotatably mounted with third pivot bearings 27 a, 27 b on the door frame 15.
  • the escape door is equipped with a panic bar 29. If the panic bar 29 is pressed, a door latch is withdrawn.
  • the panic bar 29 or a pressure plate extends between the second longitudinal side 33 and the first axis of rotation 17 so as not to unnecessarily reduce the passage.
  • the door leaf 13 pivots with the second longitudinal side 33 in the escape route.
  • the distance of the first pivot bearing 17 to the longitudinal sides of the door leaf 13 is selected eccentrically.
  • the distance to the first longitudinal side 31, which faces the axis 25, is greater than the distance to the axis 25 facing away from the longitudinal side 33.
  • the ratio of the distance of the first pivot bearing 17 to the first longitudinal side 31 to the broad side of the escape door thirteenth between 1 to 1.6 and 1 to 1.7.
  • the distance between the first pivot bearing 17 and the first longitudinal side is 804 mm and the door width is 1360 mm, which corresponds to a ratio of 1 to 1.68.
  • the prevailing in the escape route air pressure can cause by the eccentric arrangement of the first pivot bearing 17 a torque which is adjustable in dependence on the size of the air pressure by selecting the distance of the first pivot bearing 17 of the first longitudinal side 31.
  • the torque is greatest at the beginning of opening and is reduced by the fact that the door leaf is twisted and there is a pressure equalization between the tunnel tube and the escape route. If the first pivot bearing arranged centrally, so no torque would be present, since the pressure forces would cancel in this case.
  • the torque causes the door leaf 13 to rotate about the first pivot bearing 17.
  • the second longitudinal side 33 rotates in the direction of Escape route and the first longitudinal side 31 in the direction of the tunnel tube.
  • the second and third pivot bearings 21,27 which are connected to each other with the lever arms 23a, 23b, cause the rolling carriage 19 moves together with the first pivot bearing 17 in the direction of the axis 25.
  • the door leaf 13 performs when opening a rotary movement and a sliding movement and is forcibly guided by the lever arms 23 a, 23 b. There is therefore a corresponding position along the upper door frame for each opening angle.
  • the torque causes by the present pivot bearing lever arm construction a rotating and sliding movement in the opening direction of the door leaf thirteenth
  • the length of the lever arms 23a, 23b is to be selected depending on the position of the first pivot bearing 17. Only when the length of the lever arms 23a, 23b adapted to this position, the door panel 13 can be fully open. The opening position is in the FIGS. 4 to 6 shown.
  • the length of the lever arms 23 a, 23 b is dimensioned such that the door leaf is at an angle of 90 degrees to the door frame 15.
  • the length of the lever arms 23a, 23b is 400 mm.
  • the ratio of the length of the lever arms 23a, 23b to the width of the door leaf is preferably between 1 to 4 and 1 to 3.
  • the weight 37 is dimensioned such that it reduces or eliminates the torque which acts on the first pivot bearing 17 when opening.
  • the weight 37 may be selected such that the door leaf 13 is in equilibrium upon opening and does not open automatically by the torque or only with a reduced opening force.
  • the weight 37 can serve as a closing aid.
  • the closing force is decelerated.
  • This can be done by a compression spring which, for example, is compressed by the rolling carriage at the end of the closing process.
  • an acting as an air brake pressure cylinder is provided and compressed in this air during the closing process and acts on the moving door leaf 13 damping.
  • the air outlet of the compressed air can be controlled from the pressure cylinder via a valve that controls the airflow. As a result, the damping effect of the printing cylinder can be adjusted.
  • FIGS. 7 to 10 Fire protection elements are shown, which seal the door leaf 13 against the door frame 15 in case of fire or lock.
  • two locking bolts 39 are shown, which are arranged within the door leaf 13.
  • the locking bolt 39 can be extended by an intumescent material and locked in the door frame 15.
  • the intumescent material is received in a recess of a holder 41.
  • the locking bolt 39 is also received in the recess above the intumescent material and closes the recess.
  • the intumescent material reacts and expands.
  • the locking pin 39 is partially pressed out of the holder 41 and locked in the door frame 15.
  • the escape door 11 is locked after the passage of the response time of the intumescent material.
  • Fire protection seals 43 are also shown, which are fastened to the upper side of the door leaf 13.
  • the fire protection seals 43 are preferably arranged in pairs on the upper side, the first longitudinal side 31 and the second longitudinal side 33 in order to ensure the closure of the distances between the door leaf 13 and the door frame 15 with respect to combustion gases and smoke with maximum reliability and to ensure a fire safety.
  • the fire protection seal 43 comprises a rectangular metal profile 45, an intumescent material 47 and a rail 49, which forms a recess 51.
  • the door frame 15 facing side of the metal profile 45 may be provided with a fire protection tape 53.
  • the metal profile 45 and the intumescent material 47 are preferably received in an angled rail 49, which is attached to the sides of the door frame 15.
  • the recess 49 is partially filled with intumeszentem material 47.
  • Zuäusserst the metal profile 45 is inserted into the recess 47. So that the intumescent material 47 and the metal profile 45 do not fall out of the recess 47, they are glued in the recess 47, without that the bond hinders the movement of the metal profile 45 when exposed to heat. Upon expansion of the intumescent material 47 due to the action of heat, the metal profile 45 is pressed out of the recess on the door frame 15. In order to improve the sealing effect between the metal profile 45 and the door frame 15, the metal profile 45 is provided with a fire protection tape 53.
  • FIG. 10 a pair of sinkers 55 are shown.
  • the lowering thresholds 55 are arranged on the underside of the door leaf 13 and can be extended when closing the door leaf 13 from the bottom.
  • the door leaf 13 is sealed by the lowering threshold 55 and the fire protection seals 43 circumferentially with respect to the door frame 15.
  • a bolt arranged on the door frame 15, which penetrates into this during the closing of the door leaf 13, cause the lowering thresholds 55 to extend.
  • the lowering thresholds 55 are gas-tight on the ground.
  • the inventive escape door 11 is inexpensive to install, since it requires no bulge in the wall area such as a sliding door for installation.
  • the door frame 15 of the escape door 11 can be mounted directly in front of a wall opening.
  • a conventional door can not be used as an escape door, since the opening force, especially in case of an incident, is much too large.
  • the escape door 11 uses a rotary-slide movement, in which the opening force is independent of the existing pressure difference between the tunnel tube and the escape route.
  • the size of the torque acting on the door leaf, which results from the overpressure when opening the door leaf 13, can be adjusted by the choice of the position of the first pivot bearing 17. By choosing the size of the weight 37, the effect of the torque can be reduced or compensated.
  • the weight 37 acts as a closing aid and automatically pulls the door leaf out of any open position.
  • the fire seals 43 allow in case of fire, together with the lowering thresholds 55, a gas-tight seal of the door leaf 13 relative to the door frame 15.
  • the locking pin 39 lock the escape door 11 when the response time of the intumescent material is reached and this expands.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Special Wing (AREA)

Description

Gebiet der ErfindungField of the invention

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Fluchttür zur Abtrennung einer Röhre eines Verkehrstunnels von einem unter einem Luftüberdruck stehenden Fluchtweg gemäss Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an escape door for separating a tube of a traffic tunnel from a standing under an air pressure escape route according to the preamble of claim 1.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Fluchttüren bekannt, welche die Röhre eines Verkehrstunnels von Fluchtwegen abtrennen. Die Abtrennung ist auch insofern von Bedeutung, da in den Fluchtwegen bei Normalbetrieb ein Luftüberdruck von ca. 50 bis 80 Pa vorhanden ist. Im Ereignisfall, beispielsweise bei einem Tunnelbrand oder bei Rauchentwicklung, wird der Luftüberdruck in dem Fluchtweg auf 450 bis 500 Pa erhöht, um den Fluchtweg im Brandfall rauchfrei halten zu können.Escape doors are known from the prior art, which separate the tube of a traffic tunnel escape routes. The separation is also important insofar as in the escape routes in normal operation, an air pressure of about 50 to 80 Pa is present. In the event of an incident, such as a tunnel fire or smoke, the excess air pressure in the escape route is increased to 450 to 500 Pa in order to keep the escape route smoke-free in case of fire.

Herkömmliche Drehflügeltüren haben den Nachteil, dass sie sich gegen den Überdruck, insbesondere im Ereignisfall schwer öffnen lassen, da auf die gesamte Fläche des Türblattes der Überdruck wirken kann.Conventional swing doors have the disadvantage that they can be difficult to open against the overpressure, especially in case of an accident, as can affect the entire surface of the door leaf of the pressure.

Deshalb werden bei der Umsetzung von Fluchttüren bevorzugt Schiebetüren eingesetzt, da die Öffnungsrichtung der Schiebetür senkrecht zu dem Luftüberdruck orientiert ist. Dadurch ist das Öffnen einer Schiebetür mit einem vergleichsweise geringeren Kraftaufwand verbunden. Die Ausbuchtungen, welche an den die Schiebetür anschliessenden Wänden für den Einbau der Schiebetüren notwendig sind, sind jedoch mit hohen Kosten verbunden.Therefore, sliding doors are preferably used in the implementation of escape doors, since the opening direction of the sliding door is oriented perpendicular to the air pressure. As a result, the opening of a sliding door is associated with a comparatively lower expenditure of force. The bulges, which are necessary for the installation of the sliding doors on the walls connecting the sliding door, however, are associated with high costs.

In der FR 2 979 373 A1 ist ein Korridor offenbart, welcher einen Zugang und einen Ausgang umfasst. Der Zugang und der Ausgang sind jeweils mit einer Doppeltür verschlossen. Um eine Rückkehr aus dem Zugang und Verkehrsspitzen zu verhindern, lassen sich beide Doppeltüren automatisch öffnen und schliessen.In the FR 2 979 373 A1 a corridor is disclosed which comprises an access and an exit. The entrance and exit are each closed by a double door. To prevent a return from access and traffic peaks, both double doors can be opened and closed automatically.

Die Doppeltüren sind sogenannte Dreh-Schiebetüren. Ein Türblatt der Doppeltür umfasst ein erstes Drehlager, welches mit dem Türblatt verbunden ist und eine erste Drehachse bildet, um welche das Türblatt zwischen einer Offenposition und einer Schliessposition drehbar ist. Im Türrahmen ist das erste Drehlager in einer Führung, welche entlang des Türrahmens oberhalb der Öffnung ausgebildet ist, mittig von den Längsseiten an der Oberseite des Türblattes mit diesem verbunden. Zwei Hebelarme sind über eine zweite Drehachse bildendes zweites Drehlager mit dem Türblatt verbunden. Über eine dritte Drehachse bildendes drittes Drehlager sind die Hebelarme am Türrahmen befestigt. Da die Luftkraft bei Zugluft an dem Türblatt ein natürliches Kräftegleichgewicht bildet, kann das Türblatt durch Zugluft weder geöffnet noch geschlossen werden. Herrschen jedoch zu beiden Seiten der Doppeltür unterschiedliche Druckverhältnisse, so ist diese Dreh-Schiebetüre entweder sehr schwer zu öffnen oder zu schliessen.The double doors are so-called rotary-sliding doors. A door leaf of the double door comprises a first pivot bearing, which is connected to the door leaf and a first axis of rotation forms, by which the door leaf between an open position and a closing position is rotatable. In the door frame, the first pivot bearing in a guide, which is formed along the door frame above the opening, connected centrally from the longitudinal sides at the top of the door leaf with this. Two lever arms are connected via a second axis of rotation forming second pivot bearing with the door leaf. About a third axis of rotation forming third pivot bearing, the lever arms are attached to the door frame. Since the air force forms a natural equilibrium of forces with drafts on the door leaf, the door leaf can not be opened or closed by drafts. However, if different pressure conditions prevail on both sides of the double door, then this rotary sliding door is either very difficult to open or close.

Aufgabe der ErfindungObject of the invention

Aus den Nachteilen des beschriebenen Stands der Technik resultiert die die vorliegende Erfindung initiierende Aufgabe eine gattungsgemässe Fluchttür weiterzuentwickeln, welche einen kostengünstigeren Einbau ermöglicht und trotzdem mit geringem Kraftaufwand zu öffnen ist.From the disadvantages of the described prior art, the task initiating the present invention results in the further development of a generic escape door, which enables a more cost-effective installation and nevertheless can be opened with little effort.

Beschreibungdescription

Die Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe gelingt bei einer Fluchttür dadurch, dass die erste Drehachse in einem aussermittigen Abstand von den Längsseiten des Türblattes positioniert ist, wodurch der Luftüberdruck ein Drehmoment zum Öffnen des Türblattes bewirken kann, welches in Abhängigkeit vom herrschenden Luftüberdruck im Fluchtweg durch die Position der ersten Drehachse wählbar ist. Das entstehende Drehmoment wird bevorzugt dazu genutzt, ein Schliessgewicht anzuheben, welche Ausführungsform weiter unten beschrieben wird. Durch die Wahl des Abstandes der ersten Drehachse bzw. des ersten Drehlagers von den Längsseiten, lässt sich die Grösse des Drehmoments einstellen.The solution of the problem is achieved in an escape door in that the first axis of rotation is positioned at an off-center distance from the longitudinal sides of the door leaf, whereby the air pressure can cause a torque to open the door leaf, which in dependence on the prevailing air pressure in the escape route through the position the first axis of rotation is selectable. The resulting torque is preferably used to lift a closing weight, which embodiment is described below. By selecting the distance of the first axis of rotation or the first pivot bearing from the longitudinal sides, the size of the torque can be adjusted.

Dadurch, dass die erste Drehachse nicht an einer Längsseite des Türblattes angeordnet ist, wie dies bei herkömmlichen Drehflügeltüren der Fall ist, sondern sich in einem Abstand zu den beiden Längsseiten befindet, kann der Luftdruck zu beiden Seiten der ersten Drehachse an dem Türblatt angreifen. Dadurch lässt sich in einfacher und überraschender Weise die Öffnungskraft bei einer Fluchttüre, auf deren einen Seite ein Überdruck herrscht zu einer Öffnungshilfe umwandeln, obwohl sich das Türblatt in Richtung des Überdruckes öffnet. Da der Überdruck zu beiden Seiten der ersten Drehachse an dem Türblatt angreift, ist das resultierende Drehmoment, welches an der ersten Drehachse wirkt, unabhängig von der Grösse des vorhandenen Überdrucks jedoch abhängig von der gewählten Position der ersten Drehachse. Das Drehmoment ist demnach von den gewählten Hebelverhältnissen an dem Türblatt abhängig. Die Fluchttür ist barrierefrei ausgestaltet und lässt sich von Personen in einem Rollstuhl einfach öffnen und durchfahren, da der Schwenkbereich der Fluchttür viel kleiner ist als bei einer herkömmlichen Tür.The fact that the first axis of rotation is not arranged on a longitudinal side of the door leaf, as is the case with conventional swing doors, but is at a distance to the two longitudinal sides, the air pressure on both sides of the first Facing the rotation axis on the door leaf. As a result, the opening force in an escape door, on one side of which an overpressure prevails, can be converted to an opening aid in a simple and surprising manner, although the door leaf opens in the direction of the overpressure. Since the pressure acts on both sides of the first axis of rotation on the door leaf, the resulting torque acting on the first axis of rotation, however, regardless of the size of the existing overpressure depending on the selected position of the first axis of rotation. The torque is therefore dependent on the selected lever ratios on the door leaf. The escape door is designed to be barrier-free and can be easily opened and passed by persons in a wheelchair, since the pivoting area of the escape door is much smaller than with a conventional door.

Als zweckdienlich hat es sich erwiesen, wenn das Verhältnis des Abstands der ersten Drehachse von der der dritten Drehachse zugewandten Längsseite des Türblattes zur Breite des Türblattes zwischen 1 zu 1,4 und 1 zu 1,95, bevorzugt zwischen 1 zu 1,5 und 1 zu 1,8 und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 1 zu 1,6 und 1 zu 1,7 beträgt. Bei diesem Verhältnis ergibt sich ein ausreichendes Drehmoment an der ersten Drehachse, welches auch zum Heben eines Schliessgewichtes ausreicht.It has proven expedient if the ratio of the distance of the first axis of rotation from the longitudinal axis of the door leaf facing the third axis of rotation to the width of the door leaf is between 1: 1.4 and 1: 1.95, preferably between 1: 1.5 and 1 to 1.8 and more preferably between 1 to 1.6 and 1 to 1.7. With this ratio, there is sufficient torque at the first axis of rotation, which is sufficient for lifting a closing weight.

Zweckmässigerweise besitzen die Hebelarme eine Länge, deren Verhältnis zur Breite des Türblattes zwischen 1 zu 2 und 1 zu 5, bevorzugt zwischen 1 zu 3,5 und 1 zu 4,5 und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 1 zu 3 und 1 zu 4 beträgt. In Zusammenhang mit obenstehenden Positionsangaben der ersten Drehachse führt die vorliegende Längenwahl der Hebelarme dazu, dass sich das Türblatt vollständig öffnen lässt und in einem Winkel von ca. 90 Grad zu dem Türrahmen steht, wenn das erste Drehlager zu dem dritten Drehlager hin verschoben ist.Conveniently, the lever arms have a length whose ratio to the width of the door leaf between 1 to 2 and 1 to 5, preferably between 1 to 3.5 and 1 to 4.5, and more preferably between 1 to 3 and 1 to 4. In conjunction with the above position information of the first axis of rotation, the present choice of length of the lever arms causes the door leaf can be completely open and is at an angle of approximately 90 degrees to the door frame when the first pivot bearing is moved to the third pivot bearing.

Die Erfindung zeichnet sich auch bevorzugt dadurch aus, dass an dem ersten Drehlager eine Kraft angreift, wodurch eine Schliesshilfe realisiert ist, welche eine selbständige Schliessung des Türblattes bewirkt. Diese Ausführungsform führt dazu, dass das Türblatt aus der geöffneten Position immer automatisch in die geschlossene Position übergeführt wird. Dabei wird die benötigte Kraft zum Überwinden der Schliesskraft beim Öffnen des Türblattes von dem an der ersten Drehachse angreifenden Drehmoment bereitgestellt.The invention is also preferably characterized in that acts on the first pivot bearing a force, whereby a closing aid is realized, which causes an independent closure of the door leaf. This embodiment results in that the door leaf is always automatically transferred from the open position to the closed position. In this case, the force required to overcome the closing force when opening the door leaf is provided by the torque acting on the first axis of rotation.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist eine Vorrichtung vorgesehen, durch welche die Schliessbewegung abbremsbar ist. Dadurch schliesst das Türblatt kontrolliert, ohne mit hoher Geschwindigkeit ungebremst ins Schloss zu fallen.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a device is provided by which the closing movement can be braked. This closes the door leaf in a controlled manner without falling into the lock at high speed without braking.

Zweckmässigerweise ist die Vorrichtung eine Luftbremse, die durch einen Druckzylinder realisiert ist, bei welchem die Luftaustrittsgeschwindigkeit der beim Schliessen des Türblattes aus dem Zylinder ausgedrückten Luft mit einem Ventil regelbar ist. Die Luftbremse ermöglicht es, dass sich die Schliessgeschwindigkeit reduziert und dass das Türblatt gedämpft und kontrolliert in die Schliessposition übergeht. Denkbar ist es auch, dass der Schliessvorgang zusätzlich oder anstatt der Luftbremse durch eine Druckfeder kontrolliert wird.Conveniently, the device is an air brake, which is realized by a pressure cylinder, in which the air outlet speed of the air expressed during closing of the door leaf from the cylinder with a valve is controllable. The air brake makes it possible for the closing speed to be reduced and for the door leaf to be dampened and to move into the closed position in a controlled manner. It is also conceivable that the closing process is controlled in addition to or instead of the air brake by a compression spring.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Kraft derart gewählt, dass sie die Anpresskräfte des zu beiden Seiten der ersten Drehachse wirkenden Luftüberdrucks ausgleicht. Die Kraft kann dem an der ersten Drehachse angreifende Drehmoment entgegenwirken. Dadurch kann die als Schliesskraft wirkende Kraft beim Öffnen überwunden werden und die Öffnungskraft ist trotzdem gering.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the force is selected such that it compensates for the contact pressure of the air overpressure acting on both sides of the first axis of rotation. The force can counteract the torque acting on the first axis of rotation. As a result, the force acting as a closing force can be overcome when opening and the opening force is still low.

Die Erfindung zeichnet sich auch bevorzugt dadurch aus, dass die Kraft durch ein Gewicht bewirkt ist, welches mittels eines Seilzuges mit dem ersten Drehlager verbunden ist. Diese Art von Schliesskraft ist durch eine nahezu wartungsfreie Vorrichtung realisiert. Ausserdem lässt sich das Gewicht durch Auflegen oder Entfernen von Gewichtsplatten genau und ohne Aufwand auf die benötigte Schliesskraft einstellen.The invention is also preferably characterized in that the force is caused by a weight which is connected by means of a cable to the first pivot bearing. This type of closing force is realized by a virtually maintenance-free device. In addition, the weight can be adjusted precisely and without effort to the required closing force by placing or removing weight plates.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das erste Drehlager an einer Mehrzahl von Aufhängepunkten mit dem Türblatt verbindbar. Die mehreren Aufhängepunkte ermöglichen es, dass der Abstand des ersten Drehlagers und damit der ersten Drehachse von der ersten bzw. zweiten Längsseite des Türblattes veränderbar ist. Da die aussermittige Anordnung, wie weiter oben bereits beschrieben, ein Drehmoment an dem Türblatt verursacht, lässt sich durch das Verstellen des Abstandes des ersten Drehlagers die Grösse des Drehmomentes einstellen bzw. verändern. Die Möglichkeit den Aufhängepunkt des ersten Drehlagers zu bestimmen führt dazu, dass das Drehmoment in Abhängigkeit von dem in dem Fluchtweg herrschenden Überdruck eingestellt werden kann.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the first pivot bearing is connectable to the door leaf at a plurality of suspension points. The plurality of suspension points make it possible that the distance between the first pivot bearing and thus the first axis of rotation of the first and second longitudinal side of the door leaf is variable. Since the off-center arrangement, as already described above, causes a torque on the door leaf, the size of the torque can be adjusted or changed by adjusting the distance of the first pivot bearing. The possibility of determining the suspension point of the first pivot bearing means that the torque can be adjusted as a function of the overpressure prevailing in the escape route.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist an dem Türblatt wenigstens ein Verriegelungsbolzen angeordnet, welcher durch ein intumeszentes Material ausfahrbar ist und in dem Türrahmen verrastbar ist. Unter einem intumeszenten Material ist im Rahmen dieser Erfindung ein Material zu verstehen, welches unter Hitzeeinwirkung an Volumen zunimmt. Zumeist bilden solche Materialien einen hitzefesten ausgehärteten Schaum, welcher als Dämmschichtbildner eine Brandschutztür gegenüber einem Brand abdichtet. Das intumeszente Material ist in dem Türblatt in einer Ausnehmung aufgenommen. Der Verriegelungsbolzen ist ebenfalls in der Ausnehmung aufgenommen und verschliesst die Ausnehmung. Bei einer Hitzeeinwirkung auf das Türblatt reagiert das intumeszente Material und dehnt sich aus. Dadurch wird der Verriegelungsbolzen teilweise aus der Ausnehmung gedrückt und verrastet in dem Türrahmen. Im Falle eines Brandes wird die Fluchttür nach Verstreichen der Ansprechzeit des intumeszenten Materials verriegelt.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one locking bolt is arranged on the door leaf, which can be extended by an intumescent material and can be latched in the door frame. Under an intumescent material is to be understood in the context of this invention, a material which increases in volume under heat. In most cases, such materials form a heat-resistant cured foam, which seals a fire door against fire as Dämmschichtbildner. The intumescent material is received in the door leaf in a recess. The locking bolt is also received in the recess and closes the recess. When heat is applied to the door leaf, the intumescent material reacts and expands. As a result, the locking pin is partially pressed out of the recess and locked in the door frame. In the event of a fire, the escape door is locked after the response time of the intumescent material has passed.

Als vorteilhaft erweist es sich, wenn an der ersten und zweiten Längsseite und der Oberseite des Türblattes eine Brandschutzdichtung angeordnet ist. Dadurch wird die Fluchttür im Falle eines Brandes nicht nur verriegelt, sondern auch gasdicht verschlossen. Da das Türblatt der erfindungsgemässen Fluchttür eine drehende und schiebende Bewegung vollführt sind Brandschutzdichtungen, welche bei herkömmlichen Türen zum Einsatz kommen jedoch ungeeignet.It proves to be advantageous if a fire protection seal is arranged on the first and second longitudinal side and the upper side of the door leaf. As a result, the escape door is not only locked in the event of a fire, but also sealed gas-tight. Since the door leaf of the escape door according to the invention performs a rotating and sliding movement, fire protection seals which are used in conventional doors are however unsuitable.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Brandschutzdichtung durch ein Metallprofil realisiert, welches durch ein intumeszentes Material ausfahrbar ist, wobei die dem Türrahmen zugewandte Seite des Metallprofils mit einem Brandschutzband versehen sein kann. Das Metallprofil und das intumeszente Material können in einer Ausnehmung an den Seiten des Türrahmens aufgenommen oder sind bevorzugt in einer abgewinkelten Schiene aufgenommen, welche an den Seiten des Türrahmens befestigt ist. Die Ausnehmung welche zwischen der Türrahmenseite und der Schiene gebildet ist, ist teilweise mit intumeszentem Material gefüllt. Zuäusserst ist das Metallprofil in die Ausnehmung eingesteckt. Damit das intumeszente Material und das Metallprofil nicht aus der Ausnehmung herausfallen, sind sie in der Ausnehmung verklebt, ohne dass die Verklebung die Bewegung des Metallprofils bei Hitzeeinwirkung behindert. Bei Ausdehnung des intumeszenten Materials infolge von Hitzeeinwirkung wird das Metallprofil aus der Ausnehmung an den Türrahmen gedrückt. Um die Dichtwirkung zwischen dem Metallprofil und dem Türrahmen zu verbessern, kann das Metallprofil mit einem Brandschutzband versehen sein.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the fire seal is realized by a metal profile, which can be extended by an intumescent material, wherein the door frame facing side of the metal profile may be provided with a fire protection tape. The metal profile and the intumescent material may be received in a recess on the sides of the door frame or are preferably received in an angled rail which is secured to the sides of the door frame. The recess formed between the door frame side and the rail is partially filled with intumescent material. Zuäusserst the metal profile is inserted into the recess. So that the intumescent material and the metal profile do not fall out of the recess, they are glued in the recess, without the bond obstructing the movement of the metal profile when exposed to heat. Upon expansion of the intumescent material due to heat the metal profile is pressed out of the recess on the door frame. In order to improve the sealing effect between the metal profile and the door frame, the metal profile may be provided with a fire protection tape.

Zweckmässigerweise ist an der Unterseite des Türblattes wenigstens eine Senkschwelle angeordnet, welche beim Schliessen des Türrahmens aus der Unterseite ausfahrbar ist. Dadurch ist das Türblatt durch die Senkschwelle und die Brandschutzdichtungen umlaufend gegenüber dem Türrahmen abgedichtet. Die Senkschwelle umfasst eine Gummidichtung, welche an den Boden gedrückt wird. Die Gummidichtung ist so flexibel, dass damit auch Unebenheiten des Bodens ausgeglichen werden können und die Senkschwelle daher auch im Stande ist das Türblatt gegenüber unebenen Böden gasdicht abzudichten. Beispielsweise kann ein am Türblatt angeordneter Bolzen, welcher während des Schliessens des Türblattes in dieses hineingedrückt wird, das Ausfahren der Senkschwelle bewirken. Die Senkschwelle kann an einer sich linear bewegenden Wippe an dem Türblatt aufgehängt sein. Eine lineare Verschiebung der Senkschwelle ausgelöst durch den Bolzen führt auch zu einer vertikalen Bewegung der Senkschwelle nach unten. Denkbar wäre es auch, dass an der Unterseite des Türrahmens eine oben beschriebene Brandschutzdichtung angeordnet ist.Conveniently, at least one lowering threshold is arranged on the underside of the door leaf, which is extendable when closing the door frame from the bottom. As a result, the door leaf is sealed by the lowering threshold and the fire protection seals circumferentially opposite the door frame. The lowering threshold includes a rubber seal which is pressed to the ground. The rubber seal is so flexible that even unevenness of the soil can be compensated and the lowering threshold is therefore able to seal the door leaf against uneven floors gas-tight. For example, a bolt arranged on the door leaf, which is pressed into this during the closing of the door leaf, cause the lowering threshold to extend. The lowering threshold may be suspended on a linearly moving rocker on the door leaf. A linear shift of the lowering threshold triggered by the bolt also leads to a vertical movement of the lowering threshold downwards. It would also be conceivable that a fire protection seal described above is arranged on the underside of the door frame.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das erste Drehlager mit einem Rollschlitten verbunden, welcher entlang der Oberseite des Türrahmens verschiebbar ist. Das erste Drehlager lässt sich daher entlang des Türrahmens linear verschieben. Die Oberseite des Türrahmens kann dabei als Laufschiene für den Rollschlitten dienen.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the first pivot bearing is connected to a rolling carriage, which is displaceable along the upper side of the door frame. The first pivot bearing can therefore be linearly moved along the door frame. The top of the door frame can serve as a running rail for the roller carriage.

Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die schematischen Darstellungen. Es zeigen in nicht massstabsgetreuer Darstellung:

Figur 1:
eine axonometrische Frontansicht einer geschlossenen Fluchttüre;
Figur 2:
die Fluchttür aus Figur 1 mit entfernten Türrahmenblenden;
Figur 3:
eine Detailansicht der Oberseite aus Figur 2;
Figur 4:
eine axonometrische Frontansicht der geöffneten Fluchttür;
Figur 5:
die Fluchttür aus Figur 4 mit entfernten Türrahmenblenden;
Figur 6:
eine Detailansicht der Oberseite der geöffneten Fluchttür;
Figur 7:
eine Detailansicht der zweiten Längsseite mit einem im Brandfall ausstossbaren Verriegelungsbolzen und Brandschutzdichtungen an der Oberseite des Türblattes;
Figur 8:
eine Schnittdarstellung durch die zweite Längsseite mit Brandschutzdichtungen,
Figur 9:
eine axonometrische Ansicht einer Brandschutzdichtung und
Figur 10
eine axonometrische Ansicht der Unterseite des Türblattes mit ausfahrbaren Senkschwellen.
Further advantages and features will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment of the invention with reference to the schematic representations. It shows in not to scale representation:
FIG. 1:
an axonometric front view of a closed escape door;
FIG. 2:
the escape door FIG. 1 with removed door frame panels;
FIG. 3:
a detailed view of the top FIG. 2 ;
FIG. 4:
an axonometric front view of the opened escape door;
FIG. 5:
the escape door FIG. 4 with removed door frame panels;
FIG. 6:
a detail view of the top of the opened escape door;
FIG. 7:
a detailed view of the second longitudinal side with an ejectable in case of fire locking bolt and fire protection seals on the top of the door panel;
FIG. 8:
a sectional view through the second longitudinal side with fire protection seals,
FIG. 9:
an axonometric view of a fire seal and
FIG. 10
an axonometric view of the bottom of the door leaf with extendable lowering thresholds.

In den Figuren 1 bis 6 ist eine Fluchttür gezeigt, welche gesamthaft mit dem Bezugszeichen 11 bezeichnet ist. Die Fluchttür 11 trennt die Röhre eines Verkehrstunnels von einem Fluchtweg. Der Fluchtweg steht unter einem Überdruck, um im Falle von Rauchbildung den Rauch aus dem Fluchtweg zu verdrängen. Im Ereignisfall wird der Überdruck in dem Fluchtweg von ca. 50 Pa auf 450 bis 500 Pa erhöht, um sicher zu gehen, dass kein Rauch in den Fluchtweg eindringen kann.In the FIGS. 1 to 6 an escape door is shown, which is designated overall by the reference numeral 11. The escape door 11 separates the tube of a traffic tunnel from an escape route. The escape route is under an overpressure, in order to displace the smoke from the escape route in case of smoke formation. In the event of an emergency, the excess pressure in the escape route is increased from approx. 50 Pa to 450 to 500 Pa to ensure that no smoke can penetrate the escape route.

Die Fluchttür umfasst in bekannter Weise ein Türblatt 13 und einen Türrahmen 15, in dem das Türblatt drehbar angeordnet ist. Zur Erkennung des Fluchtweges ist an dem Türblatt 13 ein Piktogramm 16 vorhanden. Die Fluchttür 11 umfasst ein erstes, zweites und drittes Drehlager.The escape door comprises in a known manner a door leaf 13 and a door frame 15, in which the door leaf is rotatably arranged. For detecting the escape route, a pictogram 16 is present on the door leaf 13. The escape door 11 comprises a first, second and third pivot bearing.

Das erste Drehlager 17 ist nicht wie bei herkömmlichen Türen am Rand des Türblattes angeordnet, sondern ist in einem Abstand von den Längsseiten 31,33 des Türblattes 13 ausgebildet. Das Türblatt 13 ist um das erste Drehlager 17 drehbar, welches an der Oberseite des Türblattes 13 an dem Türrahmen 15 linear verschiebbar ist. Wie in den Figuren 2,3,5 und 6 gezeigt ist, ist das erste Drehlager 17 an einem Rollschlitten 19 befestigt. Der Rollschlitten 19 gleitet entlang der Oberseite des Türrahmens 13, welcher als Schiene für den Schlitten 19 wirkt. Durch den Rollschlitten 19 ist das erste Drehlager 17 linear an dem Türrahmen geführt. Das erste Drehlager 17 ist aussermittig an der Oberseite des Türblattes 13 befestigt.The first pivot bearing 17 is not arranged on the edge of the door leaf as in conventional doors, but is formed at a distance from the longitudinal sides 31, 33 of the door leaf 13. The door leaf 13 is rotatable about the first pivot bearing 17, which is linearly displaceable on the upper side of the door leaf 13 on the door frame 15. As in the Figures 2,3 . 5 and 6 is shown, the first pivot bearing 17 is attached to a carriage 19. The roller carriage 19 slides along the top of the door frame 13, which acts as a rail for the carriage 19. By the carriage 19, the first pivot bearing 17 is linear led the door frame. The first pivot bearing 17 is fastened eccentrically to the upper side of the door leaf 13.

Ein zweites Drehlager 21 ist zwischen dem ersten Drehlager 17 und der Längsseite des Türblattes 13 angeordnet, welche weiter von dem ersten Drehlager 17 entfernt ist. Das zweite Drehlager 21 ist als ein oberes und ein unteres zweites Drehlager 21a,21b ausgebildet, welche an der Oberseite bzw. der Unterseite des Türblattes befestigt sind.A second pivot bearing 21 is arranged between the first pivot bearing 17 and the longitudinal side of the door leaf 13, which is farther away from the first pivot bearing 17. The second pivot bearing 21 is formed as an upper and a lower second pivot bearing 21a, 21b, which are fixed to the top and the bottom of the door leaf.

An den zweiten Drehlagern 21a,21b ist jeweils das erste Ende eines Hebelarms 23a,23b angelenkt. Die zweiten Enden der Hebelarme 23a,23b sind mit einer Achse 25 miteinander verbunden. Die Achse 25 ist mit dritten Drehlagern 27a,27b an dem Türrahmen 15 drehbar befestigt.At the second pivot bearings 21a, 21b respectively the first end of a lever arm 23a, 23b is articulated. The second ends of the lever arms 23 a, 23 b are connected to each other with an axis 25. The axis 25 is rotatably mounted with third pivot bearings 27 a, 27 b on the door frame 15.

Die Fluchttür ist mit einer Panikstange 29 ausgestattet. Wird die Panikstange 29 gedrückt, so wird eine Türfalle zurückgezogen. Bevorzugt erstreckt sich die Panikstange 29 oder eine Druckplatte zwischen der zweiten Längsseite 33 und der ersten Drehachse 17 um den Durchgang nicht unnötig zu verkleinern. Das Türblatt 13 schwenkt mit der zweite Längsseite 33 in den Fluchtweg. Der Abstand des ersten Drehlagers 17 zu den Längsseiten des Türblattes 13 ist aussermittig gewählt. Der Abstand zu der ersten Längsseite 31, welche der Achse 25 zugewandt ist, ist grösser als der Abstand zu der der Achse 25 abgewandten Längsseite 33. Bevorzugt beträgt das Verhältnis des Abstandes des ersten Drehlagers 17 zu der ersten Längsseite 31 zu der Breitseite der Fluchttür 13 zwischen 1 zu 1,6 und 1 zu 1,7. Beispielsweise beträgt der Abstand zwischen dem ersten Drehlager 17 und der ersten Längsseite 804 mm und die Türbreite beträgt 1360 mm was einem Verhältnis von 1 zu 1,68 entspricht. Der in dem Fluchtweg herrschende Luftüberdruck kann durch die aussermittige Anordnung des ersten Drehlagers 17 ein Drehmoment bewirken, welches in Abhängigkeit von der Grösse des Luftüberdruckes durch Wahl des Abstands des ersten Drehlagers 17 von der ersten Längsseite 31 einstellbar ist. Das Drehmoment ist bei Beginn des Öffnens am grössten und reduziert sich, dadurch dass das Türblatt verdreht wird und es zu einem Druckausgleich zwischen Tunnelröhre und Fluchtweg kommt. Wäre das erste Drehlager mittig angeordnet, so wäre kein Drehmoment vorhanden, da sich die Druckkräfte in diesem Fall aufheben würden.The escape door is equipped with a panic bar 29. If the panic bar 29 is pressed, a door latch is withdrawn. Preferably, the panic bar 29 or a pressure plate extends between the second longitudinal side 33 and the first axis of rotation 17 so as not to unnecessarily reduce the passage. The door leaf 13 pivots with the second longitudinal side 33 in the escape route. The distance of the first pivot bearing 17 to the longitudinal sides of the door leaf 13 is selected eccentrically. The distance to the first longitudinal side 31, which faces the axis 25, is greater than the distance to the axis 25 facing away from the longitudinal side 33. Preferably, the ratio of the distance of the first pivot bearing 17 to the first longitudinal side 31 to the broad side of the escape door thirteenth between 1 to 1.6 and 1 to 1.7. For example, the distance between the first pivot bearing 17 and the first longitudinal side is 804 mm and the door width is 1360 mm, which corresponds to a ratio of 1 to 1.68. The prevailing in the escape route air pressure can cause by the eccentric arrangement of the first pivot bearing 17 a torque which is adjustable in dependence on the size of the air pressure by selecting the distance of the first pivot bearing 17 of the first longitudinal side 31. The torque is greatest at the beginning of opening and is reduced by the fact that the door leaf is twisted and there is a pressure equalization between the tunnel tube and the escape route. If the first pivot bearing arranged centrally, so no torque would be present, since the pressure forces would cancel in this case.

Wird das Türblatt geöffnet, so bewirkt das Drehmoment, dass sich das Türblatt 13 um das erste Drehlager 17 dreht. Dabei dreht sich die zweite Längsseite 33 in Richtung des Fluchtweges und die erste Längsseite 31 in Richtung der Tunnelröhre. Die zweiten und dritten Drehlager 21,27, welche mit den Hebelarmen 23a,23b miteinander verbunden sind, bewirken, dass sich der Rollschlitten 19 mitsamt dem ersten Drehlager 17 in Richtung der Achse 25 bewegt. Das Türblatt 13 vollführt beim Öffnen eine Drehbewegung und eine Schiebebewegung und ist durch die Hebelarme 23a,23b zwangsgeführt. Es existiert daher zu jedem Öffnungswinkel eine entsprechende Position entlang des oberen Türrahmens. Das Drehmoment bewirkt durch die vorliegende Drehlager-Hebelarm-Konstruktion eine Dreh- und Schiebebewegung in Öffnungsrichtung des Türblattes 13.If the door leaf is opened, the torque causes the door leaf 13 to rotate about the first pivot bearing 17. In this case, the second longitudinal side 33 rotates in the direction of Escape route and the first longitudinal side 31 in the direction of the tunnel tube. The second and third pivot bearings 21,27, which are connected to each other with the lever arms 23a, 23b, cause the rolling carriage 19 moves together with the first pivot bearing 17 in the direction of the axis 25. The door leaf 13 performs when opening a rotary movement and a sliding movement and is forcibly guided by the lever arms 23 a, 23 b. There is therefore a corresponding position along the upper door frame for each opening angle. The torque causes by the present pivot bearing lever arm construction a rotating and sliding movement in the opening direction of the door leaf thirteenth

Die Länge der Hebelarme 23a,23b ist in Abhängigkeit der Position des ersten Drehlagers 17 zu wählen. Nur wenn die Länge der Hebelarme 23a,23b an diese Position angepasst ist, lässt sich das Türblatt 13 vollständig öffnen. Die Öffnungsposition ist in den Figuren 4 bis 6 gezeigt. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Länge der Hebelarme 23a,23b derart bemasst, dass das Türblatt in einem Winkel von 90 Grad zu dem Türrahmen 15 steht. Bei obigem ausgeführten Bemassungsbeispiel beträgt die Länge der Hebelarme 23a,23b 400 mm. Das Verhältnis der Länge der Hebelarme 23a,23b zu der Breite des Türblattes beträgt bevorzugt zwischen 1 zu 4 und 1 zu 3.The length of the lever arms 23a, 23b is to be selected depending on the position of the first pivot bearing 17. Only when the length of the lever arms 23a, 23b adapted to this position, the door panel 13 can be fully open. The opening position is in the FIGS. 4 to 6 shown. In this embodiment, the length of the lever arms 23 a, 23 b is dimensioned such that the door leaf is at an angle of 90 degrees to the door frame 15. In the above dimensioning example, the length of the lever arms 23a, 23b is 400 mm. The ratio of the length of the lever arms 23a, 23b to the width of the door leaf is preferably between 1 to 4 and 1 to 3.

An dem ersten Drehlager 17 bzw. dem Rollschlitten 19 kann über einen Seilzug 35 ein Gewicht 37 befestigt sein. Das Gewicht 37 ist derart bemasst, dass es das Drehmoment, welches beim Öffnen auf das erste Drehlager 17 wirkt, reduziert oder aufhebt. Das Gewicht 37 kann beispielsweise derart gewählt werden, dass sich das Türblatt 13 beim Öffne im Gleichgewicht befindet und sich durch das Drehmoment nicht automatisch öffnet oder nur mit einer reduzierten Öffnungskraft. Das Gewicht 37 kann als Schliesshilfe dienen. Während des Öffnens des Türblattes 37 wir das Gewicht in die Höhe gezogen, da sich der Rollschlitten 19 in Richtung der Achse 25 bewegt. In der Öffnungsposition des Türblattes 13 ist das Gewicht 37 in seiner höchsten Stellung, aus welcher es sich nach unten bewegt. Dadurch wird das Türblatt 13 automatisch in die Schliessposition gezogen. Durch den erfolgten Druckausgleich ist beim Schliessen des Türblattes 13 kein Drehmoment an dem ersten Drehlager 17 vorhanden, welches dem Gewicht 37 beim Schliessen des Türblattes 13 entgegenwirken würde.At the first pivot bearing 17 and the roller carriage 19 may be attached via a cable 35, a weight 37. The weight 37 is dimensioned such that it reduces or eliminates the torque which acts on the first pivot bearing 17 when opening. For example, the weight 37 may be selected such that the door leaf 13 is in equilibrium upon opening and does not open automatically by the torque or only with a reduced opening force. The weight 37 can serve as a closing aid. During the opening of the door leaf 37 we pulled the weight in the air, since the carriage 19 moves in the direction of the axis 25. In the opening position of the door leaf 13, the weight 37 is in its highest position, from which it moves downwards. As a result, the door leaf 13 is automatically pulled into the closed position. Due to the pressure equalization, no torque is present on the first pivot bearing 17 when closing the door leaf 13, which would counteract the weight 37 when closing the door leaf 13.

Damit das Türblatt 13 durch das Absenken des Gewichtes 37 nicht unkontrolliert zuschlägt, wird die Schliesskraft abgebremst. Dies kann durch eine Druckfeder erfolgen welche, beispielsweise durch den Rollschlitten am Ende des Schliessvorganges komprimiert wird. Möglich ist es auch, dass ein als Luftbremse wirkender Druckzylinder vorgesehen ist und in diesem Luft während des Schliessvorganges komprimiert wird und auf das sich bewegende Türblatt 13 dämpfend wirkt. Der Luftaustritt der komprimierten Luft kann aus dem Druckzylinder über ein den Luftstrom regelbares Ventil kontrolliert werden. Dadurch kann die dämpfende Wirkung des Druckzylinders eingestellt werden.So that the door leaf 13 does not strike uncontrollably by lowering the weight 37, the closing force is decelerated. This can be done by a compression spring which, for example, is compressed by the rolling carriage at the end of the closing process. It is also possible that an acting as an air brake pressure cylinder is provided and compressed in this air during the closing process and acts on the moving door leaf 13 damping. The air outlet of the compressed air can be controlled from the pressure cylinder via a valve that controls the airflow. As a result, the damping effect of the printing cylinder can be adjusted.

In den Figuren 7 bis 10 sind Brandschutzelemente gezeigt, welche im Brandfall das Türblatt 13 gegenüber dem Türrahmen 15 abdichten bzw. verriegeln. In Figur 7 sind zwei Verriegelungsbolzen 39 gezeigt, welche innerhalb des Türblattes 13 angeordnet sind. Der Verriegelungsbolzen 39 ist durch ein intumeszentes Material ausfahrbar und in dem Türrahmen 15 verrastbar. Das intumeszente Material ist in einer Ausnehmung einer Halterung 41 aufgenommen. Der Verriegelungsbolzen 39 ist ebenfalls in der Ausnehmung oberhalb des intumeszenten Materials aufgenommen und verschliesst die Ausnehmung. Bei einer Hitzeeinwirkung auf das Türblatt 13 reagiert das intumeszente Material und dehnt sich aus. Dadurch wird der Verriegelungsbolzen 39 teilweise aus der Halterung 41 gedrückt und verrastet in dem Türrahmen 15. Im Falle eines Brandes wird die Fluchttür 11 nach Verstreichen der Ansprechzeit des intumeszenten Materials verriegelt. In Figur 7 sind auch Brandschutzdichtungen 43 gezeigt, welche an der Oberseite des Türblattes 13 befestigt sind.In the FIGS. 7 to 10 Fire protection elements are shown, which seal the door leaf 13 against the door frame 15 in case of fire or lock. In FIG. 7 two locking bolts 39 are shown, which are arranged within the door leaf 13. The locking bolt 39 can be extended by an intumescent material and locked in the door frame 15. The intumescent material is received in a recess of a holder 41. The locking bolt 39 is also received in the recess above the intumescent material and closes the recess. When exposed to heat on the door panel 13, the intumescent material reacts and expands. As a result, the locking pin 39 is partially pressed out of the holder 41 and locked in the door frame 15. In case of fire, the escape door 11 is locked after the passage of the response time of the intumescent material. In FIG. 7 Fire protection seals 43 are also shown, which are fastened to the upper side of the door leaf 13.

Die Brandschutzdichtungen 43 sind an der Oberseite, der ersten Längsseite 31 und der zweiten Längsseite 33 bevorzugt paarweise angeordnet, um die Schliessung der Abstände zwischen dem Türblatt 13 und dem Türrahmen 15 gegenüber Brandgasen und Rauch mit höchster Zuverlässigkeit zu gewährleisten und einen Brandabschluss sicher zu stellen. Wie Figur 8 im Detail zeigt umfasst die Brandschutzdichtung 43 ein rechteckiges Metallprofil 45, ein intumeszentes Material 47 und eine Schiene 49, welche eine Ausnehmung 51 bildet. Die dem Türrahmen 15 zugewandte Seite des Metallprofils 45 kann mit einem Brandschutzband 53 versehen sein. Das Metallprofil 45 und das intumeszente Material 47 sind bevorzugt in einer abgewinkelten Schiene 49 aufgenommen, welche an den Seiten des Türrahmens 15 befestigt ist. Die Ausnehmung 49 ist teilweise mit intumeszentem Material 47 gefüllt. Zuäusserst ist das Metallprofil 45 in die Ausnehmung 47 eingesteckt. Damit das intumeszente Material 47 und das Metallprofil 45 nicht aus der Ausnehmung 47 herausfallen, sind sie in der Ausnehmung 47 verklebt, ohne dass die Verklebung die Bewegung des Metallprofils 45 bei Hitzeeinwirkung behindert. Bei Ausdehnung des intumeszenten Materials 47 infolge von Hitzeeinwirkung wird das Metallprofil 45 aus der Ausnehmung an den Türrahmen 15 gedrückt. Um die Dichtwirkung zwischen dem Metallprofil 45 und dem Türrahmen 15 zu verbessern, ist das Metallprofil 45 mit einem Brandschutzband 53 versehen.The fire protection seals 43 are preferably arranged in pairs on the upper side, the first longitudinal side 31 and the second longitudinal side 33 in order to ensure the closure of the distances between the door leaf 13 and the door frame 15 with respect to combustion gases and smoke with maximum reliability and to ensure a fire safety. As FIG. 8 In detail, the fire protection seal 43 comprises a rectangular metal profile 45, an intumescent material 47 and a rail 49, which forms a recess 51. The door frame 15 facing side of the metal profile 45 may be provided with a fire protection tape 53. The metal profile 45 and the intumescent material 47 are preferably received in an angled rail 49, which is attached to the sides of the door frame 15. The recess 49 is partially filled with intumeszentem material 47. Zuäusserst the metal profile 45 is inserted into the recess 47. So that the intumescent material 47 and the metal profile 45 do not fall out of the recess 47, they are glued in the recess 47, without that the bond hinders the movement of the metal profile 45 when exposed to heat. Upon expansion of the intumescent material 47 due to the action of heat, the metal profile 45 is pressed out of the recess on the door frame 15. In order to improve the sealing effect between the metal profile 45 and the door frame 15, the metal profile 45 is provided with a fire protection tape 53.

In Figur 10 ist ein Paar von Senkschwellen 55 gezeigt. Die Senkschwellen 55 sind an der Unterseite des Türblattes 13 angeordnet und sind beim Schliessen des Türblattes 13 aus der Unterseite ausfahrbar. Dadurch ist das Türblatt 13 durch die Senkschwelle 55 und die Brandschutzdichtungen 43 umlaufend gegenüber dem Türrahmen 15 abgedichtet. Beispielsweise kann ein am Türrahmen 15 angeordneter Bolzen, welcher während des Schliessens des Türblattes 13 in dieses eindringt, das Ausfahren der Senkschwellen 55 bewirken. Im geschlossenen Zustand des Türblattes 13 liegen die Senkschwellen 55 gasdicht auf dem Boden auf.In FIG. 10 a pair of sinkers 55 are shown. The lowering thresholds 55 are arranged on the underside of the door leaf 13 and can be extended when closing the door leaf 13 from the bottom. As a result, the door leaf 13 is sealed by the lowering threshold 55 and the fire protection seals 43 circumferentially with respect to the door frame 15. For example, a bolt arranged on the door frame 15, which penetrates into this during the closing of the door leaf 13, cause the lowering thresholds 55 to extend. In the closed state of the door leaf 13, the lowering thresholds 55 are gas-tight on the ground.

Die erfindungsgemässe Fluchttür 11 ist kostengünstig zu installieren, da sie zur Installation keine Ausbuchtung im Wandbereich wie eine Schiebetür benötigt. Der Türrahmen 15 der Fluchttür 11 kann direkt vor einem Mauerdurchbruch befestigt werden. Eine herkömmliche Tür ist als Fluchttür nicht anzuwenden, da die Öffnungskraft, insbesondere im Ereignisfall, viel zu gross ist. Die Fluchttür 11 nutzt eine Dreh-Schiebe-Bewegung, bei welcher die Öffnungskraft unabhängig von der vorliegenden Druckdifferenz zwischen Tunnelröhre und Fluchtweg ist. Die Grösse des auf das Türblatt wirkenden Drehmoments, welches aus dem Überdruck bei Öffnen des Türblattes 13 resultiert, lässt sich durch die Wahl der Position des ersten Drehlagers 17 einstellen. Durch die Wahl der Grösse des Gewichtes 37 kann die Wirkung des Drehmoments reduziert oder kompensiert werden. Das Gewicht 37 wirkt als Schliesshilfe und zieht das Türblatt aus jeder Offenposition automatisch zu. Die Brandschutzdichtungen 43 ermöglichen im Brandfall zusammen mit den Senkschwellen 55 eine gasdichte Abdichtung des Türblattes 13 gegenüber dem Türrahmen 15. Die Verriegelungsbolzen 39 verriegeln die Fluchttür 11, wenn die Ansprechzeit des intumeszenten Materials erreicht ist und dieses sich ausdehnt.The inventive escape door 11 is inexpensive to install, since it requires no bulge in the wall area such as a sliding door for installation. The door frame 15 of the escape door 11 can be mounted directly in front of a wall opening. A conventional door can not be used as an escape door, since the opening force, especially in case of an incident, is much too large. The escape door 11 uses a rotary-slide movement, in which the opening force is independent of the existing pressure difference between the tunnel tube and the escape route. The size of the torque acting on the door leaf, which results from the overpressure when opening the door leaf 13, can be adjusted by the choice of the position of the first pivot bearing 17. By choosing the size of the weight 37, the effect of the torque can be reduced or compensated. The weight 37 acts as a closing aid and automatically pulls the door leaf out of any open position. The fire seals 43 allow in case of fire, together with the lowering thresholds 55, a gas-tight seal of the door leaf 13 relative to the door frame 15. The locking pin 39 lock the escape door 11 when the response time of the intumescent material is reached and this expands.

Legende:Legend:

1111
Fluchttürescape door
1313
Türblattdoor leaf
1515
Türrahmendoorframe
1616
Piktogrammpictogram
1717
Erstes DrehlagerFirst pivot bearing
1919
Rollschlittenroll carriage
21a21a
Oberes zweites DrehlagerUpper second pivot bearing
21b21b
Unteres zweites DrehlagerLower second pivot bearing
23a,23b23a, 23b
Hebelarmelever arms
2525
Achseaxis
27a27a
Oberes drittes DrehlagerUpper third pivot
27b27b
Unteres drittes DrehlagerLower third pivot
2929
Panikstangepanic bar
3131
Erste LängsseiteFirst long side
3333
Zweite LängsseiteSecond long side
3535
Seilzugcable
3737
Gewichtmass
3939
Verriegelungsbolzenlocking bolt
4141
Halterungholder
4343
BrandschutzdichtungFire protection seal
4545
Metallprofilmetal profile
4747
Intumeszentes MaterialIntumescent material
4949
Schienerail
5151
Ausnehmungrecess
5353
BrandschutzbandFire protection tape
5555
SenkschwelleSenkschwelle

Claims (14)

  1. Escape door (11) for separating a tube of a traffic tunnel from an escape route subject to a positive air pressure comprising:
    - a door leaf (13) that can close the opening between the tunnel tube and the escape route,
    - a first pivot bearing (17) that is connected to the door leaf (13) and that forms a first axis of rotation about which the door leaf (13) can rotate between an open position and a closed position and
    - a door frame (15) that frames the opening and on which the first pivot bearing (17) is placed, wherein
    - the first pivot bearing (17) is displaceable in a guideway that is formed along the door frame above the opening and is connected to the door leaf (13) at a distance from the long sides (31, 33) on the upper side of thereof,
    - two lever arms (23a, 23b) are connected to the door leaf (13) by second pivot bearings (21a, 21b) that form a second axis of rotation and that are fixed to the door frame (15) by third pivot bearings (27a, 27b) that form a third axis of rotation (25)
    and
    - the first, second and third axis of rotation are oriented parallel and the positive air pressure can act on both sides of the first axis of rotation onto the door leaf surface oriented to the escape route,
    characterized in
    that the first axis of rotation is positioned at an off-center distance from the long sides (31, 33) of the door leaf so that the positive air pressure can cause a torque for opening the door leaf (13) that is in the escape route independently from the prevailing positive air pressure.
  2. Escape door according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the distance of the first axis of rotation of the long side (31) of the door leaf (13) turned to the third axis of rotation (24) to the width of the door leaf (13) is within the range of 1 to 1,4 and 1 to 1,95, preferably of 1 to 1,5 and 1 to 1,8 and most preferably of 1 to 1,6 and 1 to 1,7.
  3. Escape door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lever arms (23a, 23b) have a length, the ratio of which to the width of the door leaf is within the range of 1 to 2 and 1 to 5, preferably of 1 to 3,5 and 1 to 4,5 and most preferably of 1 to 3 and 1 to 4.
  4. Escape door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a force is applied to the first pivot bearing (17) so that a closing aid is implemented that causes an automatic closing of the door leaf (13).
  5. Escape door according to claim 4, characterized in that a device is provided by which the closing movement can be braked.
  6. Escape door according to claim 5, characterized in that the device is an air brake that is implemented by a pressure cylinder for which the air outlet speed of the air discharged out of the cylinder when closing the door leaf (13) can be regulated with a valve.
  7. Escape door according to claim 5, characterized in that the device is implemented by a pressure spring.
  8. Escape door according to one of the claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the force is selected so as to compensate the pressing forces of the air positive pressure acting on both sides of the first axis of rotation.
  9. Escape door according to one of the claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the force is caused by a weight (37) that is connected to the first pivot bearing (17) by means of a rope hoist (35).
  10. Escape door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first pivot bearing (17) can be connected to the door leaf (13) at a multitude of suspension points.
  11. Escape door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one locking bolt that can be extended through an intumescent material and that can be locked in the door frame (15) is placed on the door leaf (13).
  12. Escape door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a fireproof seal is placed on the first and on the second long side (31, 33) and on the upper side of the door leaf (13).
  13. Escape door according to claim 12, characterized in that the fireproof seal is implemented by a metal profile that can be extended through an intumescent material, wherein the side of the metal profile turned to the door frame can be provided with a fireproof band.
  14. Escape door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one lowering sill that can be extended out of the lower side when closing the door leaf (13) is placed at the lower side of the door leaf (13).
EP17170152.7A 2016-05-10 2017-05-09 Escape door Active EP3243997B8 (en)

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CH00609/16A CH712445A1 (en) 2016-05-10 2016-05-10 Escape door for separating a tube of a traffic tunnel from an escape route under overpressure.

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GR1009423B (en) * 2017-07-25 2019-01-04 Μαρια Γρηγοριου Συρανιδη A glass door system
CN108756670B (en) * 2018-05-24 2019-07-12 江苏欧特电子科技有限公司 One kind is every cigarette escape fire-proof door
US10946948B2 (en) * 2018-06-28 2021-03-16 Airbus Operations Gmbh Slide and rotating cockpit door and method
CN109440816A (en) * 2018-11-20 2019-03-08 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防工程研究院 Urban Underground pipe gallery hoisting port composite material people's air defense safeguard
CN109723334B (en) * 2018-11-21 2020-09-18 永康市久久科技有限公司 Prevent fire door convenient to flee
CN109441294A (en) * 2018-12-06 2019-03-08 天仁民防建筑工程设计有限公司 The detachable protection airtight plugging plate driving device of subway rail mounted and plugging device
CN111608715B (en) * 2020-06-01 2021-05-28 中国矿业大学 Explosion-proof pressure relief and energy storage reset air door with electromagnetic locking and unlocking and control method
CN114482813B (en) * 2022-01-15 2023-11-17 西安市双安基业人防工程有限公司 Civil air defense door mounting structure and mounting method thereof
CH720059A1 (en) 2022-09-23 2024-04-15 Ludwig Elkuch Ag Pressure-neutral escape door.

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GB2289497B (en) * 1994-05-17 1998-03-04 Lorient Polyprod Ltd Lock and seal assembly
ES1075359Y (en) * 2011-08-25 2011-12-23 Manusa Gest S L ANTIRRETURN HALL
LT5871B (en) * 2012-01-06 2012-09-25 Remigijus Guobys Door lock thermal pin

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CH712445A1 (en) 2017-11-15
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ES2718628T3 (en) 2019-07-03
EP3243997A1 (en) 2017-11-15

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