EP2824413B2 - Corps actif de leurre doté d'une masse active à cible pyrotechnique - Google Patents

Corps actif de leurre doté d'une masse active à cible pyrotechnique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2824413B2
EP2824413B2 EP14001934.0A EP14001934A EP2824413B2 EP 2824413 B2 EP2824413 B2 EP 2824413B2 EP 14001934 A EP14001934 A EP 14001934A EP 2824413 B2 EP2824413 B2 EP 2824413B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
active
burn
body according
active composition
oxide
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Active
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EP14001934.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2824413B8 (fr
EP2824413B1 (fr
EP2824413A1 (fr
Inventor
Arno Hahma
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Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
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Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
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Application filed by Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
    • F41J2/00—Reflecting targets, e.g. radar-reflector targets; Active targets transmitting electromagnetic or acoustic waves
    • F41J2/02—Active targets transmitting infrared radiation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B4/00—Fireworks, i.e. pyrotechnic devices for amusement, display, illumination or signal purposes
    • F42B4/26—Flares; Torches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparent target active body with a pyrotechnic active mass and a structure surrounding the active mass.
  • the active body with a pyrotechnic active mass block with specific structures is known.
  • the structure causes an increase in the surface area, as a result of which the rate of combustion of the active mass block and thus the duration of action of the active body can be controlled.
  • the underlying task is to create an active body, the effectiveness of which is given even at high altitudes with a low oxygen content in the air and in which less losses in performance occur at high ejection speeds due to flow effects.
  • the active mass block can have one or more channels on the inside, which enables flow-protected initiation of the active mass block on the inside.
  • the active mass block can have a flow protection formed by a protective cap and a protective film.
  • a flow protection cap protects the active mass block.
  • the flow protection cap can be attached over a protective film of the active mass block.
  • the object on which this embodiment is based is to prevent the protective film from tearing open prematurely when the active mass container is ejected under flight conditions due to the forces which occur.
  • an active body which contains several flares arranged one behind the other as active mass.
  • the active body is enclosed in a plastic-like container. This can be a plastic film or a shrink tube.
  • the object achieved in this way is to show an active body which has a residue-free combustible shell which allows the active mass to be ignited from the outside, for example thermally, inductively or by means of a laser.
  • the active mass container is opened during combustion.
  • an encapsulated active body for an IR deceptive or sham target is known.
  • the underlying task is to show an active body with optimized ignition behavior.
  • the active body is housed completely inside a stable, tight and preferably combustible casing.
  • the ignition can take place via the surface of the active body or by a central ignition along the longitudinal axis.
  • the combustible casing can be ignited by contact with a hot surface, by coupling in laser radiation, inductive ignition and other suitable methods, such as friction.
  • an active mass with two active mass components is known for an infrared glow target with a spatial effect that burns essentially spectrally when burned, the first active mass component forming a matrix in which particles formed from the second active mass component are embedded.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an apparent target active body which burns off reliably even at high inflow speeds, such as when ejecting from a fast-flying aircraft, and at high altitudes, preferably with emission of (spectrally) target-like IR radiation.
  • an apparent target body with a pyrotechnic active mass and a structure surrounding the active mass is provided.
  • the structure surrounds the active mass in such a way that when the active mass burns off, the structure prevents gas from flowing out of the active mass in such a way that a higher gas pressure is present on 100% of the entire surface of the active mass than outside the structure.
  • the burn-up of the active mass can be designed such that there is such an overpressure on the surface of the active mass relative to the environment that the burn-off can take place largely unaffected by wind acting on the apparent target active body and by the external pressure.
  • a decoupling from the external conditions can take place at least in part, the more extensive the greater the gas pressure difference between the gas pressure on the surface of the active mass and thus within the structure and the gas pressure outside the structure. It is not a problem for the person skilled in the art to provide a structure which prevents the escape of gas which arises during the combustion of the active mass in such a way that a higher gas pressure is present on the entire surface of the active mass than outside the structure.
  • a "higher gas pressure than outside the structure" and a specification of the gas pressure below in relation to the atmospheric pressure refers here to the conditions when the apparent target active body burns at rest on the ground without wind.
  • the atmospheric pressure can be the normal pressure at sea level.
  • the active mass can be an active mass which radiates spectrally when burned.
  • active masses are known in the prior art.
  • active masses for apparent targets that radiate spectrally when they burn up, predominantly in the medium-wave IR range it is often a problem that the active masses do not burn or go out when there is a strong wind against them, for example when they are ejected from an aircraft.
  • the apparent target active body according to the invention enables such active masses to be burned off even under these conditions and / or at low air pressure, as is present at great heights.
  • the apparent target active body according to the invention enables a larger area radiation and thus a greater radiation power than that from the DE 10 2004 047 231 A1 Known active body, in which only one-sided radiation occurs due to the nozzle effect caused by the channels. Furthermore, the higher gas pressure acting on the entire surface of the active mass enables a higher burn rate than at atmospheric pressure. Combustion channels or inflow protection caps, as are known from the prior art, are not required, as a result of which the apparent target body according to the invention can be constructed more simply.
  • This goal can be achieved by means of the dummy target active body according to the invention, because the structure can shield the active mass which glows when it burns up, so that no black body radiation from inner parts of a flame which arises during the burnup can be detected outside the structure.
  • the spectral ratio mentioned can be increased in that the structure filters out soot from the flame. Soot in a flame increases the proportion of blackbody radiation emitted by the flame.
  • the structure can be used to select this Burning behavior of the active mass can be determined.
  • This burning behavior is then almost independent of the wind speed at which the apparent target body is ejected from an aircraft and its flight altitude or the prevailing air pressure.
  • the erosion behavior of the apparent target active body according to the invention can therefore be very well predetermined. The effect is therefore much more calculable than with currently known apparent target active bodies, because neither the flight altitude nor the flight speed need be taken into account to predict the effect of the apparent target active body according to the invention.
  • the apparent target active body according to the invention can be produced very easily with any active mass.
  • the active mass can be in the form of a block, in the form of at least one pressed tablet, in the form of several pieces or in the form of granules.
  • the tablet or the block does not have to have a particularly large surface area in order to achieve a sufficiently rapid erosion, since this is already brought about by the increased pressure.
  • slowly burning active masses can also be used for the production of the false target active body according to the invention. Such slow-burning active masses often have a higher output than fast-burning active masses.
  • the structure consists of a combustion chamber which has a multiplicity of openings all around, from which the gas formed when the active mass is burned off can flow out.
  • the openings can be dimensioned and their number selected so that the pressure inside the combustion chamber when burning up is at least as high as the dynamic pressure at the maximum wind speed at which the apparent target is used.
  • the openings should be so small that the active mass cannot be thrown out of the openings, at least at the beginning of the burn.
  • the structure can consist of a material which can withstand a temperature which arises during the burning of the structure for at least one third, in particular at least half, of the time required for the entire burning of the active mass.
  • the structure consists of a material which withstands a temperature which arises on the structure when it burns off for at least 1.3 s, in particular at least 1.5 s, in particular at least 2 s.
  • the dummy target active body according to the invention is produced very simply by packing an active material into a fine-mesh network of heat-resistant material. The free surface in this network is chosen so that a slight overpressure is created when the active mass burns off.
  • the structure is in the form of a, in particular multi-layer, metal mesh, in the form of a wool, fleece or fabric made of an inorganic material, in particular surrounded by a metal mesh, or in the form of a combustion chamber having openings.
  • the structure consists of or comprises a combustible material.
  • the inorganic material is stone, quartz, aluminum oxide or glass.
  • the openings are distributed over the entire surface of the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber consists of a metal or a ceramic, optionally stabilized with a metal mesh.
  • the combustible material is preferably a combustible material with a non-sooting flame, because soot increases the proportion of black body radiation emitted during the combustion.
  • the plastics mentioned burn with a flame that does not smoke, or at most weakly sooting, and are therefore well suited for a specular target body which radiates spectrally when burned.
  • the plastic or the active mass can contain a catalyst which improves the spectral ratio of the flame burning outside the structure.
  • the structure can also be coated with a combustible material, for example a plastic or a lacquer. This combustible material can also burn when the active mass burns in the air and also generate radiation.
  • the structure is designed such that the gas pressure on the entire surface of the active mass and thus also in the space which forms between the structure and the active mass when burned off by at least 0.5 bar, in particular at least 1 bar, in particular at least 1.5 bar, in particular at least 2 bar, is higher than the atmospheric pressure.
  • an overpressure of at least 2 bar compared to the atmospheric pressure is advantageous because the flow velocity can reach the speed of sound at the narrowest points of the openings.
  • the ambient pressure has no influence on the pressure in the combustion chamber even when the air stream flowing to the apparent target body reaches the speed of sound.
  • the space on the inside of the structure is then completely independent of the surroundings when the active mass burns.
  • the use of the apparent target active body according to the invention is completely independent of the flight altitude and the wind speed.
  • the structure is designed such that the gas pressure when the active mass burns up on the entire surface of the active mass is at least 1.3 s, in particular at least 1.5 s, in particular at least 2 s, higher than that atmospheric pressure.
  • the size of the openings should be selected in the design of the structure as a combustion chamber so that the outflow of the resulting gas is still sufficiently inhibited during the time mentioned, even if the openings increase due to the burnup no opening reaches a size which is sufficient for the active mass to pass through before the stated time.
  • the structure is coated with a redox catalyst or consists of a redox catalyst.
  • a redox catalyst is generally understood to mean a catalyst which catalyzes a redox reaction.
  • the gas formed when the active mass is burned off is then converted catalytically as it flows through the structure and thus has a composition which is more favorable outside the structure for the desired spectral ratio of an apparent target.
  • the effect of the redox catalyst changes the structure of the flame and increases the spectral ratio.
  • the catalyst can catalyze the conversion of soot into carbon oxides. This creates less blackbody radiation and improves the spectral ratio.
  • Another beneficial effect of the redox catalyst is that the flame formed during the combustion is stabilized because the gases burning in the flame have a higher hydrogen content. hydrogen burns in the air at any pressure and wind. Furthermore, the reaction taking place on the catalyst can cool the structure, so that it emits less blackbody radiation than without a catalyst. This further increases the spectral ratio.
  • the structure can be coated or impregnated, for example, by the catalyst being precipitated from an aqueous solution as a suspension and this suspension then being filtered through the structure, so that particles of the catalyst, for example quartz wool, remain attached to the structure.
  • the structure must then be dried in order to be able to act catalytically in the apparent target active body according to the invention.
  • the redox catalyst can be a water gas catalyst, at least one organometallic compound, in particular an organometallic pigment or metal complex, an oxide or a salt of a rare earth metal, a compound containing a rare earth metal, which forms an oxide of a rare earth metal in a flame formed during the combustion of the active material, zirconium, titanium , Aluminum, zinc, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, nickel, silver, iron, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, copper or thorium or an oxide of one of the metals mentioned or one of them of said metal-containing compound, which forms an oxide of such a metal in a flame which arises when the active substance is burned off, a platinum metal, rhenium or a compound containing a platinum metal, rhenium or silver which is reduced to metal in a flame which forms when the active substance burns up , or a mixture of
  • the active mass can be an active mass that generates at least one secondary flame when burned.
  • Such an active mass is from, for example DE 10 2010 053 783 A1 known.
  • the active mass for producing a secondary flame can also comprise a fuel containing carbon and hydrogen atoms and an oxidizing agent for the fuel containing oxygen atoms, the amount of the oxidizing agent being such that it is not sufficient for complete oxidation of the carbon.
  • a flame with at least two zones arises because the fuel which has not been reacted with the oxidizing agent then reacts with the air in a second flame zone.
  • a redox catalyst in the form of particles can also be distributed in the active mass.
  • the temperature of the structure is significantly reduced when the active mass burns up.
  • the structure can be made from a stainless steel or quartz mesh.
  • a structure that is itself catalytically active can be produced, for example, from normal iron or from copper or a copper alloy. These are strongly oxidized during the burn-up or already have an oxide layer on the surface, the iron or copper oxide catalyzing the water gas reaction and can also serve as an oxidizing agent for soot.
  • the active mass can be in the form of a block or several rods, at least one end face of which can be treated with a means for inhibiting the erosion.
  • a means for inhibiting the erosion Such means are known in the prior art.
  • it can be a fire-retardant paint or varnish.
  • the advantage of being in the form of a block or rods compared to a bed is that the distance between the active mass and the structure can be kept small as a result of the burning. If the distance is too large locally, there is a risk that the flame temperature on the structure will become so high that the structure will be destroyed. It is particularly expedient if the end face or two opposite end faces is / are treated with the means for inhibiting the erosion and the structure is fastened to this end face / these end faces. As a result, an active mass block can burn off radially and a relatively small distance between the structure and the burning active mass can be ensured.
  • the active mass is surrounded by a gas-tight sheath which can be detonated by the gas formed during the combustion.
  • the wrapper can consist of paper, adhesive tape or a film.
  • the envelope builds up the higher gas pressure within the structure faster than without such an envelope, because it prevents the gas from flowing out through the structure at the start of the reaction. This initially accelerates the burnup very much and shortens the rise time when the false target burns down. A correspondingly short rise time would also be possible by using a relatively large amount of a lighting set. However, this would endanger the safety of the dummy target, since such a firing set is usually highly flammable. A strong firing often creates a non-spectral flash due to blackbody radiation. This can tell the seeker that it is a fake target is.
  • the one-necked flask was then connected to a rotary evaporator and the methanol was distilled off under a pressure of about 500 mbar, the water bath in the evaporator being heated to 90.degree.
  • the warm, crude BMIM-ClO4 from the flask was filtered through the frit again into a 250 ml separating funnel, because further sodium chloride had failed when the methanol evaporated.
  • the finished BMIM-ClO4 (a yellowish, viscous oil) was filled from the separating funnel into a laboratory bottle and weighed. The yield was almost quantitative.
  • the active ingredient tablets were burned off without the enveloping structure.
  • the active ingredient tablet was encased in a fine-mesh stainless steel mesh with a mesh size of 0.15 mm before burning, and in a third trial in quartz wool.
  • the oxidizing agent ammonium perchlorate contained in the active mass was not sufficient to completely oxidize the nitrocellulose, so that during the combustion, in addition to the primary flame, at least one secondary flame and thus a flame with different temperature zones developed, the temperature on the stainless steel mesh and on the quartz wool remaining relatively low. Both were unchanged after the burn. This shows that the temperature directly on the structure did not exceed about 1,000 ° C.
  • the stainless steel mesh glowed relatively hot when it burned up and thus worsened the spectral ratio.
  • the wind cools the flame and the network down considerably, so that the spectral ratio is then better than shown here.
  • a better spectral ratio was determined when using quartz wool.
  • the reduction in power only in the KW band when using the quartz wool shows that the soot was filtered off by the quartz wool and its radiation was shielded.
  • the burn rate was approximately doubled by the stainless steel mesh and the quartz wool. This is due to the overpressure on the surface of the active mass caused by this structure when burning, and to the temperature reflection from the stainless steel mesh or the quartz wool onto the tablet.
  • Example 1 The same tablets were used as in Example 1.
  • the structure encasing the active mass consisted of a stainless steel mesh with a mesh size of 0.15 mm.
  • Two further tests were carried out using the same stainless steel mesh, but with two different water gas catalysts.
  • the stainless steel nets were immersed several times in an aqueous catalyst suspension and then dried.
  • One of the catalysts was a so-called HTS (High Temperature Shift) catalyst, consisting of magnetite with 10 mol% chromium (III) oxide.
  • the other was a so-called LTS (Low Temperature Shift) catalyst, consisting of zinc oxide, aluminum oxide and copper (II) oxide in a molar ratio of 1: 1: 1. Both catalysts were precipitated from 0.1 molar solutions.
  • the stainless steel nets were immersed in this suspension and dried at 120 ° C for half an hour. This process was repeated three times each. It was not possible to determine the amount of catalyst remaining on the network.
  • quartz wool was used instead of the stainless steel mesh.
  • a weighed amount of the catalysts was suspended in water and filtered through the quartz wool. Magnetite was also used as a further catalyst.
  • the quartz wool with the catalyst was then dried at 120 ° C. for half an hour.
  • the active ingredient tablets were wrapped in this wool and wrapped with a 1 mm thick iron wire to fix the wool in place during the burning process.
  • the amount of catalyst was 1% of the tablet weight.
  • quartz wool was impregnated with 0.01% by weight of platinum, based on the tablet weight, by impregnating the quartz wool with a hexachloroplatinic acid solution, the entire amount of the solution being absorbed by the quartz wool.
  • the quartz wool was then dried.
  • the active materials used here each contain a combustion catalyst and a water gas catalyst.
  • the burn occurred without a structure enveloping the tablet.
  • a second experiment was used as a structure gelöchertes tube made of polyacetal (POM), Delrin ® type, used by the company. DuPont.
  • Polyacetal burns with a colorless flame that has a very high spectral ratio. As a result, the plastic has no or a positive effect on the spectral ratio. Furthermore, the polyacetal increases the energy content of the apparent target.
  • the active mass was introduced into the perforated POM tube for wrapping.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • User Interface Of Digital Computer (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Corps actif de leurre comprenant une masse active pyrotechnique et une structure qui entoure la masse active, la structure entourant la masse active de telle sorte que le gaz produit lors d'une combustion de la masse active est empêché par la structure de s'échapper de la masse active de telle sorte qu'une pression de gaz plus élevée qu'à l'extérieur de la structure est présente sur 100 % de la surface totale de la masse active, la structure étant présente
    - sous la forme d'un treillis métallique, ou
    - sous la forme d'une laine, d'un voile ou d'un tissu composé d'un matériau anorganique, le matériau anorganique étant de la pierre, du quartz, de l'oxyde d'aluminium, de la céramique ou du verre, ou
    - sous la forme d'un treillis à mailles fines en un matériau résistant à la chaleur.
  2. Corps actif de leurre selon la revendication 1, la structure étant constituée d'un matériau qui résiste à une température produite au niveau de la structure lors de la combustion pendant au moins un tiers, notamment au moins la moitié d'un temps nécessaire pour la combustion totale de la masse active.
  3. Corps actif de leurre selon l'une des revendications précédentes, la structure étant constituée d'un matériau qui résiste à une température produite au niveau de la structure lors de la combustion pendant au moins 1,3 s, notamment au moins 1,5 s, notamment au moins 2 s.
  4. Corps actif de leurre selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le treillis métallique étant présent en plusieurs couches.
  5. Corps actif de leurre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, la laine, le voile ou le tissu étant entouré par un treillis métallique.
  6. Corps actif de leurre selon l'une des revendications précédentes, la structure étant configurée de telle sorte que la pression du gaz sur la surface totale de la masse active est supérieure d'au moins 0,5 bar, notamment d'au moins 1 bar, notamment d'au moins 1,5 bar, notamment d'au moins 2 bar à la pression atmosphérique.
  7. Corps actif de leurre selon l'une des revendications précédentes, la structure étant configurée de telle sorte que la pression du gaz sur la surface totale de la masse active lors d'une combustion de la masse active est supérieure à la pression atmosphérique pendant au moins 1,3 s, notamment au moins 1,5 s, notamment au moins 2 s.
  8. Corps actif de leurre selon l'une des revendications précédentes, la structure étant recouverte d'un revêtement de catalyseur d'oxydoréduction ou étant constituée d'un catalyseur d'oxydoréduction.
  9. Corps actif de leurre selon la revendication 8, le catalyseur d'oxydoréduction comprenant un catalyseur de gaz à l'eau, au moins une combinaison organométallique, notamment un pigment organométallique ou un complexe métallique, un oxyde ou un sel d'une terre rare, une combinaison contenant une terre rare qui, dans une flamme produite lors de la combustion de la masse active, forme un oxyde d'une terre rare, du zirconium, du titane, de l'aluminium, du zinc, du magnésium, du calcium, du strontium, du baryum, de l'hafnium, du vanadate, du niobium, du tantale, du chrome, du nickel, de l'argent, du fer, du manganèse, du molybdène, du tungstène, du cobalt, du cuivre ou du thorium ou encore un oxyde de l'un des métaux mentionnés ou une combinaison contenant l'un des métaux mentionnés qui, dans une flamme produite lors de la combustion de la masse active, forme un oxyde d'un tel métal, un platinoide, du rhénium ou une combinaison contenant un platinoïde, du rhénium ou de l'argent qui, dans une flamme produite lors de la combustion de la masse active, est réduite en métal, ou encore un mélange constitué d'au moins deux des combinaisons ou des éléments mentionnés précédemment.
  10. Corps actif de leurre selon la revendication 8, le catalyseur d'oxydoréduction comprenant du CeO2, du Ce2O3, de l'oxyde d'yttrium, de l'oxyde d'ytterbium, de l'oxyde de néodyme, de l'oxyde de lanthane, un mélange des oxydes mentionnés, notamment un mélange de CeO2 et d'oxyde d'yttrium, un mélange dopé au cuivre d'oxyde d'aluminium et de zinc (catalyseur LTS), une magnétite dopée au chrome (Fe3O4) (catalyseur HTS), une phtalocyanine, notamment de la phtalocyanine de cuivre, de la phtalocyanine de fer, de la phtalocyanine de chrome, de la phtalocyanine de cobalt, de la phtalocyanine de nickel ou de la phtalocyanine de molybdène, du ferricyanure de fer ou une porphyrine.
  11. Corps actif de leurre selon l'une des revendications précédentes, la masse active étant une masse active à rayonnement spectral lors de la combustion.
  12. Corps actif de leurre selon l'une des revendications précédentes, la masse active étant une masse active générant au moins une flamme secondaire lors de la combustion.
  13. Corps actif de leurre selon l'une des revendications précédentes, la masse active se présentant sous la forme d'un bloc ou de plusieurs tiges, au moins une surface frontale de celle-ci étant traitée avec un moyen d'inhibition de la combustion et la structure étant fixée à la surface frontale ou à deux surfaces frontales.
  14. Corps actif de leurre selon l'une des revendications précédentes, la masse active étant entourée par une enveloppe hermétique aux gaz qui peut éclater sous l'effet du gaz produit lors de la combustion.
EP14001934.0A 2013-06-18 2014-06-04 Corps actif de leurre doté d'une masse active à cible pyrotechnique Active EP2824413B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013010266.9A DE102013010266A1 (de) 2013-06-18 2013-06-18 Scheinzielwirkkörper mit einer pyrotechnischen Wirkmasse

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2824413A1 EP2824413A1 (fr) 2015-01-14
EP2824413B1 EP2824413B1 (fr) 2017-04-05
EP2824413B8 EP2824413B8 (fr) 2017-05-31
EP2824413B2 true EP2824413B2 (fr) 2019-12-25

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EP (1) EP2824413B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU2014203268B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102013010266A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL232582B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201404324B (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014012657B4 (de) * 2014-08-22 2019-12-19 Diehl Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Wirkkörper mit einer Wirkmasse und einer Umhüllung

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DE4244681A1 (de) † 1991-10-01 1995-08-17 Secr Defence Brit Angetriebene pyrotechnische Lockfackel
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AU2014203268B2 (en) 2018-01-18
EP2824413B8 (fr) 2017-05-31
IL232582B (en) 2018-11-29
IL232582A0 (en) 2014-08-31
EP2824413B1 (fr) 2017-04-05
EP2824413A1 (fr) 2015-01-14
DE102013010266A1 (de) 2014-12-18
ZA201404324B (en) 2016-10-26

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