EP2452543A1 - Verfahren zum betrieb von gasentladungslampen bei niedrigen aussentemperaturen und dafür ausgelegtes betriebsgerät - Google Patents
Verfahren zum betrieb von gasentladungslampen bei niedrigen aussentemperaturen und dafür ausgelegtes betriebsgerätInfo
- Publication number
- EP2452543A1 EP2452543A1 EP10728238A EP10728238A EP2452543A1 EP 2452543 A1 EP2452543 A1 EP 2452543A1 EP 10728238 A EP10728238 A EP 10728238A EP 10728238 A EP10728238 A EP 10728238A EP 2452543 A1 EP2452543 A1 EP 2452543A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lamp
- characteristic
- current
- gas discharge
- limit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
- H05B41/288—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps without preheating electrodes, e.g. for high-intensity discharge lamps, high-pressure mercury or sodium lamps or low-pressure sodium lamps
- H05B41/292—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
- H05B41/2928—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the lamp against abnormal operating conditions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/36—Controlling
- H05B41/38—Controlling the intensity of light
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the operation of gas discharge lamps, especially at low outside temperatures.
- the invention has therefore set itself the task of providing a solution to the above-mentioned problems.
- the basic idea of the invention is the measurement of a size which is correlated to low temperatures. This can be the measurement of the lamp voltage or the measurement of the lamp impedance.
- the invention thus proposes a method for operating gas discharge lamps which have a temperature-dependent characteristic current / voltage characteristic U (I).
- a temperature-dependent characteristic current / voltage characteristic U (I) to avoid an unstable fuel drive at low outside temperatures exceeding a predetermined maximum value of the lamp burning voltage or a gradient amount thereof is prevented by the lamp current is increased.
- the predetermined maximum value of the lamp burning voltage or its gradient amount is preferably current-dependent.
- the predetermined maximum value can therefore be defined by a limit characteristic G ⁇ (I).
- the limit characteristic G ⁇ ( ⁇ ) preferably represents an adaptive threshold as a function of the current with consideration of the lamp characteristic. This can be designed so that a characteristic characteristic U (I) of a gas discharge lamp at room temperature is not limited by this.
- the limit characteristic G V (I) can act as an active threshold at least for values I ⁇ I 3 and in the region of the point P 3 (I 3 , U s ).
- the point P 3 (I 3 , U 3 ) is preferably the intersection of characteristic lamp characteristics U (I) of different outside temperatures.
- the limit characteristic G '(I) and / or the limit characteristic G "(I) may depend on the temperature detected directly or indirectly.
- the minimum value is preferably current-dependent. It can be formed by a limit characteristic G ⁇ > (I).
- the limit characteristic G ⁇ X (I) can thus represent an adaptive threshold as a function of the current with consideration of the lamp characteristic. This is preferably designed so that a characteristic curve U (I) of a gas discharge lamp at room temperature is not limited by these. Furthermore, the limit characteristic G ⁇ ⁇ (I) can act as an active threshold for at least a limited range of the values I> I 3 and in the region of the point P 3 (I 3 , U 3 ).
- the point P 3 (Is, U 3 ) is preferably the point of intersection of characteristic lamp characteristics U (I) of different outside temperatures.
- the invention also relates to a method of operating gas discharge lamps having a temperature-dependent characteristic current / voltage characteristic U (I).
- I temperature-dependent characteristic current / voltage characteristic
- the point Ps (Is, U 3 ) is preferably the intersection of characteristic lamp characteristics U (I) of different outside temperatures.
- I L can be a current value I L > I 3 .
- Lamp burning voltage to be current dependent It can be defined by a limit characteristic G ⁇ ⁇ (I).
- the limit characteristic G M (I) preferably provides an adaptive threshold as a function of the current
- a characteristic curve U (I) of a gas discharge lamp at room temperature is not limited by these. Further, to avoid an unstable fuel drive at low outside temperatures, exceeding a predetermined maximum value of the lamp burn voltage or a gradient amount thereof can be prevented by increasing the lamp current.
- the predetermined maximum value of the lamp burning voltage or its gradient amount is preferably current-dependent.
- the predetermined maximum value of the lamp voltage can be defined by a limit characteristic G ⁇ (I).
- the limit characteristic G ⁇ (I) can therefore represent an adaptive threshold as a function of the current with consideration of the lamp characteristic. Preferably, this is designed so that a characteristic curve U (I) of a gas discharge lamp at room temperature is not limited by these.
- the limit characteristic G ⁇ (I) can act as an active threshold at least for values I ⁇ I 3 and in the region of the point P 5 (Is, U 3 ).
- the point Ps (Is, Us) is preferably the intersection of characteristic lamp characteristics U (I) of different outside temperatures.
- the invention further relates to a method for operating gas discharge lamps having a temperature-dependent characteristic current / voltage characteristic U (I).
- a limit characteristic G (I) represents an upper threshold for values I ⁇ I 3 and a lower threshold for values I> I 3.
- the point P 3 (Is, U 3 ) is the intersection of characteristic lamp characteristics U (I) different outside temperatures. Exceeding the threshold for values I ⁇ Is by the lamp burning voltage or falling below the threshold for values I> I 3 by the lamp burning voltage is now prevented by increasing the lamp current.
- the limit characteristic G (I) preferably represents an adaptive threshold as a function of the current with consideration of the lamp characteristic. This is preferably also designed so that a characteristic characteristic U (I) of a gas discharge lamp at room temperature is not limited by this. In addition, the limit characteristic G (I) can be designed so that the lamp characteristic U 2 2 (I) of a gas discharge lamp at 22 0 C outside temperature at no adjustable lamp current value exceeds the threshold of the limit characteristic G (I).
- the limiting characteristic G (I) may be further adapted to (I) a gas discharge lamp at 10 0 C is that the lamp characteristic Uio ambient temperature for I ⁇ I 3 at least partially above the limit line G (I), and thus, in this area an unacceptable border violation having.
- the limit characteristic curve of G (I) can be designed so that the lamp characteristic LLi 5 (I) a gas discharge lamp at - 15 0 C external temperature for I ⁇ I 3 at least partly above and I> I 3 at least partially below the limiting characteristic curve G (I ) and thus has in two areas inadmissible border violations.
- a measurement can be made that can at least decide whether very high outside temperatures, for example 35 ° C, or very low outside temperatures, for example -10 0 C, are present.
- an increase in the lamp current takes place only when there are no very high outside temperatures.
- the invention relates to a control circuit, preferably an integrated circuit, which is designed to carry out one of the methods according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to a device for operating gas discharge lamps, which has such a control circuit.
- the invention relates to a luminaire which has the operating device described above and at least one connected gas discharge lamp.
- the invention in a final aspect, relates to a dimmable operating device for operating at least one gas discharge lamp.
- the operating device in this case has a drive circuit for driving the at least one gas discharge lamp, wherein the drive circuit sets an operating point P A (I A , U A ) on the at least one gas discharge lamp, which corresponds to a dimming level.
- it has a control circuit, preferably an integrated circuit, for controlling the control, wherein the control circuit detects the lamp burning voltage U.
- the control circuit forces an increase in the dimming level when the operating point P A (I A , U A ) is outside an allowable range, which is limited by at least one limit characteristic G (I / U).
- the operating device may also have a memory which has stored at least some points of the limit characteristic G (I / U).
- the control circuit preferably increases the lamp current I to increase the dimming level.
- the operating device can also have at least one temperature sensor. This one preferably takes one Measurement, which leads to at least a coarse determination of the temperature at the at least one gas discharge lamp, for example, with an inaccuracy of +/- 20 0 C.
- Fig. 1 is a current-voltage diagram
- Fig. 2 is a current-voltage diagram with the
- Fig. 3 is a current-voltage diagram with the
- Fig. 5 is a current-voltage diagram
- Fig. 6 is a diagram with the first derivative of
- Fig. 7 is a flowchart of a second
- inventive method and 8 shows a schematic exemplary embodiment of an inventive operating device.
- Fig. 1 shows a current-voltage diagram with characteristics of a gas discharge lamp at different ambient temperatures, more precisely at 22 0 C, at 10 0 C and at -15 ° C.
- ambient temperature is the ambient temperature of the gas discharge lamp understood.
- 22 0 C roughly represents the usual temperature in a room.
- 10 0 C and-15 0 C are temperatures that can occur when used outdoors.
- Dimming of the gas discharge lamp via an adjustment of the lamp current. For a low dimming level so the lamp current is reduced, increased for a high lamp current. This means that a low dimming level is farther left on a characteristic line of FIG. 1, but a higher one is farther to the right.
- an inadmissibly high lamp burning voltage can now be avoided by increasing the dimming level.
- the operating point P A is also pushed further to the right on a characteristic curve.
- an operating point can thereby reach an impermissible range by setting the dimming to a level that is too low, in particular at low outside temperatures.
- an operating point it is also possible for an operating point to fall within an inadmissible range due to the outside temperature dropping while the dimming level remains constant.
- the maximum allowable lamp burn voltage may be a constant in the simplest embodiment, i. a horizontal line to the diagram of Fig.l, for example at 300V.
- Lamp firing voltage here about 320 V. This threshold is in this ⁇ usbowungsbeispiel only in the area I
- this threshold can also be for everyone
- a further lower limit characteristic G xx limit a minimum permissible lamp voltage to a predetermined value.
- the efficiency of the lamp decreases greatly, so that the actual emitted light output is lower at an identical operating point than at higher temperatures. By the method according to the invention, however, this too low light output is compensated.
- the current is increased until the lamp- burning voltage is no longer unduly low.
- a dimming level which corresponds to a current of 90 mA at -15 ° C. outside temperature is regulated up until it corresponds approximately to 100 mA. Since the limit characteristic is active only up to the current value I L , the lamp burning voltages can become arbitrarily small for larger current values. This limitation of the threshold therefore makes sense, since only small current values are to be regulated up.
- the limit characteristics G ⁇ and G X ⁇ have a shape which is adapted to the shape of the lamp characteristic.
- these are preferably designed so that a characteristic curve U (I) of a gas discharge lamp at room temperature is not limited by these.
- a possible example of a conceivable embodiment can be taken from the characteristic G of FIG. 3 for the ranges I ⁇ I 3 for G x and I> I 3 for G ⁇ .
- the method has at least in the region of the intersection P 3 two boundary characteristics G ⁇ and G ⁇ on, since it can lead to the shift of the critical point.
- the limit characteristic G ⁇ represents an upper threshold. This is located preferably above the lamp characteristic at room temperature.
- the second limit characteristic G ⁇ represents a lower threshold. This is preferably located below the lamp characteristic at room temperature.
- a temperature measurement is accordingly carried out in the method according to the invention.
- this only has to determine whether the outside temperature is very high or very low.
- the limit should be disabled, while being active at very low temperatures. Due to the fact that the burning voltage is constant at high dimming levels over a wide range (O 0 C - + 4O 0 C), the accuracy of the temperature measurement need not be high. If, for example, an inaccuracy of the measurement of + -20 0 C is given and now the threshold is set to 20 0 C, so there is a range from 0 0 C to 40 0 C by the possibility of activation of the below threshold. Since it can never come in this area, only under 0 0 C, a limitation of the adjustable dimming level is made by the method.
- a measurement as a rough estimate can also be made in the area of the operating device, for example in the area of the control circuit.
- G (I) is a first rising and then decreasing curve with increasing current value. This takes into account the fact that at normal room temperatures, for example, at 22 0 C, the lamp burning voltage has exactly this course, ie, starting from an extremely low dimming level first rises a little, then drop again, for example, in a range of 5% dimming level.
- the limit characteristic is therefore an adaptive threshold depending on the
- the limit characteristic may be formed as a threshold using a lamp voltage signal weighted with the lamp characteristic at nominal ambient temperature.
- the limit characteristic is preferably a continuous function which always leads to the same reaction (independent of the current). Furthermore, a defined range between reaction and reserve for the reaction is constant over the entire dimming range.
- the resulting limit characteristic G (I) can be multiplied by a defined negative slope function. This achieves an ever-decreasing function for all currents and temperatures. By adjusting the slope and the reference value, the minimum, temperature-dependent lamp current can now be set.
- the method may also include the lamp impedance as a measure.
- the threshold formed by the limit characteristic represents an upper threshold in a range I A ⁇ Is. In a range I A > I 3 , it represents a lower threshold.
- the set dimming level and thus the lamp current is raised.
- the shape of the boundary characteristics G ensures that the adjustable dimming range is not restricted at standard room temperatures, such as 22 ° C. It is thus raised for any adjustable dimming level by the process of the set dimming level.
- the characteristic curve for 10 0 C is too high for small current values above the Grenzkennlime G and therefore inadmissible. At 10 0 C so dimming level will not be allowed under the critical current value.
- the characteristic curve for -15 0 C is too small for small current values I A ⁇ I 3 above the limit characteristics G and thus too high. For at least some current values I A > I 3 , the characteristic curve is below the limit characteristic G and thus impermissibly too low. At -15 ° C, therefore, no dimming levels below preferably 0.3A are allowed.
- a dimming level corresponding to a current of 0.2A at -15 ° C outside temperature is up-regulated to about 0.3A.
- a temperature measurement is carried out again in the method according to the invention. So it is possible to make the activation of the lower limit, ie the Grenzkennlime G for I A > I 3 , flexible. At very high temperatures, the limit should be disabled, while being active at very low temperatures.
- step S101 of the method a set dimming level is read in step S102.
- step S103 the current value I A corresponding to the dimming level is detected. This is set in S104 on the gas discharge lamp. This results in the operating point P ⁇ (I A , U A ) at the gas discharge lamp.
- S105 it is determined whether the set current value I A is larger or smaller than the current value I 3 at which the lamp characteristics intersect for different temperatures.
- the lamp burning voltage U (I A ) is impermissibly small, ie, whether it is smaller than the limit value G (I A ) for this current. If the latter is not true, obviously there is no particularly high or very low outside temperature and the process can be terminated. If, however, the lamp burning voltage U (I A ) is impermissibly small, then S107 determined whether the outside temperature is high, for example, around 40 0 C. If this is correct, the procedure can also be terminated. However, if this is not true, it is therefore an extremely low outside temperature. In this case, the dimming level is raised. This is done in order to increase the low light output due to the cold, which is no longer in correct proportion with the set dimming level. It is freely selectable by how much the dimming level is raised, but preferably only by a small step.
- the lamp firing voltage U (I A ) is impermissibly large, ie, whether it is greater than the limit value G (I A ) for this current. If the latter is not true, obviously there is no particularly low outside temperature and the process can be terminated. However, if the lamp burning voltage U (I A ) is unacceptably high, it is therefore a low outside temperature. In this case, the dimming level is raised. This is done to stabilize the unstable operating point caused by the cold. In addition, an unacceptably high lamp voltage is thereby avoided. Preferably, the dimming level is again increased by only a small step.
- step S109 is jumped back to the beginning.
- monitoring and regulation are constantly carried out.
- the set operating point if it is in an impermissible range, gradually approaches an allowable range.
- Fig.5 - Fig.7 a second inventive method is explained. This offers a further possibility which can be used in addition to or as an alternative to the above method.
- the gradients of the lamp voltage are determined via the lamp current.
- a characteristic curve at room temperature has a positive to slightly negative slope for small current values or a low one
- this gradient detection only for plausibility of a further temperature estimation, for example, the temperature measurements in the ballast is used.
- the method can be carried out, for example, in an active dimming operation or in another specifically instructed lamp current change.
- step S201 shows a flow chart of the second method according to the invention.
- the characteristic U (I) in the range around operating point P A is determined in step S202.
- the gradient for the operating point P A can be determined in S204. If this gradient is greater than the critical threshold value, it jumps back to the start. If the latter does not apply, the dimming level is raised at least by a small step. Afterwards you will jump back to the start.
- a threshold but one that is dependent on the current I.
- an adaptive threshold can be advantageously used, which is adapted to the gradient characteristic of a gas discharge lamp at room temperature.
- this is to be interpreted so that in the above-mentioned cases, in particular those of the description to Fig.1-4, the dimming level is raised.
- Fig. 8 shows a schematic embodiment of an operating device 1 according to the invention in a lamp 9, which is preferably an electronic ballast.
- the operating device has a drive circuit 2. This is to one Supply current, preferably connected to conventional mains power. In addition, it controls one or more gas discharge lamps 3.
- the gas discharge lamps can be connected in series and / or in parallel.
- the operating device also has a control circuit 4.
- This is preferably an integrated circuit. It can be an ASIC.
- ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
- any other form of integrated circuit such as a microcontroller or a hybrid solution, or a conventional circuit can be used.
- the control circuit is connected to at least one interface 6. This can be a
- User interface such as a display and / or a
- Interface connects to another system, such as a bus system manufactures.
- the control circuit for example, with an am
- Receive control unit set dimming commands. It is also possible that the control circuit exchanges further information or commands via the interface.
- control unit receives the lamp burning voltage of the one or more gas discharge lamps 3 as a return signal. It is also conceivable that the lamp current I is fed back to it. This can be done via a measuring resistor (shunt) 5.
- control circuit 4 controls the drive circuit 2.
- the operating device also has a memory 7. This stores at least some points of the limit characteristic G. Preferably, it is connected to the control circuit.
- the memory 7 has the point Ps (Is / U s ) or at least the current value I 3 stored.
- the point P 5 and the limit characteristic G is already taken into the memory during the production of the operating device when it is established which gas discharge lamps are to be operated with the operating device. It is also possible that the memory has information of different types of gas discharge lamps.
- the operating device may also have a temperature sensor 8. This can be used for the method described above.
- the temperature sensor is connected to the control circuit.
- both an internal sensor and alternatively or additionally an external sensor can be connected to the operating device, in particular the control circuit in the operating device.
- the temperature can be recorded directly (temperature sensor) or indirectly (via a temperature-dependent parameter).
- I A current value at operating point P A (I A , U A )
Landscapes
- Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
- Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200910032028 DE102009032028A1 (de) | 2009-07-07 | 2009-07-07 | Verfahren zum Betrieb von Gasentladungslampen bei niedrigen Außentemperaturen und dafür ausgelegtes Betriebsgerät |
PCT/EP2010/059548 WO2011003855A1 (de) | 2009-07-07 | 2010-07-05 | Verfahren zum betrieb von gasentladungslampen bei niedrigen aussentemperaturen und dafür ausgelegtes betriebsgerät |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2452543A1 true EP2452543A1 (de) | 2012-05-16 |
EP2452543B1 EP2452543B1 (de) | 2015-06-10 |
Family
ID=42629549
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10728238.6A Not-in-force EP2452543B1 (de) | 2009-07-07 | 2010-07-05 | Verfahren zum betrieb von gasentladungslampen bei niedrigen aussentemperaturen und dafür ausgelegtes betriebsgerät |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2452543B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN102474965B (de) |
DE (2) | DE102009032028A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2011003855A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011085659A1 (de) * | 2011-11-03 | 2013-05-08 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co. Kg | Getaktete Heizschaltung für Betriebsgeräte für Leuchtmittel |
AT16238U1 (de) * | 2018-02-06 | 2019-05-15 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren zum Betrieb von Leuchtmitteln bei niedrigen Außentemperaturen |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TW381409B (en) * | 1996-03-14 | 2000-02-01 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Discharging lamp lighting device |
US5850127A (en) * | 1996-05-10 | 1998-12-15 | Philips Electronics North America Corporation | EBL having a feedback circuit and a method for ensuring low temperature lamp operation at low dimming levels |
US6133697A (en) * | 1998-05-11 | 2000-10-17 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Dimming apparatus for fluorescent lamps |
US6166491A (en) * | 1998-06-04 | 2000-12-26 | Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation | Lighting device and display equipment |
DE19838830A1 (de) * | 1998-08-26 | 2000-03-02 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Verbesserte Anlaufschaltung für Niederdruck-Entladungslampe |
DE10058529A1 (de) * | 2000-11-24 | 2002-05-29 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Ansteuerungsverfahren für eine Lichtquelle |
US7061191B2 (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2006-06-13 | Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | System and method for reducing flicker of compact gas discharge lamps at low lamp light output level |
EP1732363A3 (de) * | 2005-06-09 | 2014-04-30 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Beleuchtungssystem und verfahren zum Betreiben eines derartigen Beleuchtungssystems |
DE102005026718A1 (de) * | 2005-06-09 | 2006-12-14 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Beleuchtungssystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines derartigen Beleuchtungssystems |
DE102005035466A1 (de) * | 2005-07-28 | 2007-02-01 | Tridonicatco Gmbh & Co. Kg | Adaptive Regelung der Leistung von Gasentladungslampen |
JP4608470B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-31 | 2011-01-12 | パナソニック電工株式会社 | 放電灯点灯装置、及び照明装置 |
DE102006042954A1 (de) * | 2006-09-13 | 2008-03-27 | Tridonicatco Gmbh & Co. Kg | Zündung von Gasentladungslampen unter variablen Umgebungsbedingungen |
-
2009
- 2009-07-07 DE DE200910032028 patent/DE102009032028A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-07-05 WO PCT/EP2010/059548 patent/WO2011003855A1/de active Application Filing
- 2010-07-05 DE DE112010002851T patent/DE112010002851A5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-07-05 EP EP10728238.6A patent/EP2452543B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-07-05 CN CN201080030734.4A patent/CN102474965B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2011003855A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102009032028A1 (de) | 2011-01-13 |
WO2011003855A1 (de) | 2011-01-13 |
DE112010002851A5 (de) | 2012-06-21 |
EP2452543B1 (de) | 2015-06-10 |
CN102474965A (zh) | 2012-05-23 |
CN102474965B (zh) | 2014-12-03 |
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