EP2281964B1 - Élement moulé de paroi et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Élement moulé de paroi et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2281964B1
EP2281964B1 EP10168471.0A EP10168471A EP2281964B1 EP 2281964 B1 EP2281964 B1 EP 2281964B1 EP 10168471 A EP10168471 A EP 10168471A EP 2281964 B1 EP2281964 B1 EP 2281964B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
element according
shuttering
insulating layer
reinforcement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10168471.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2281964A1 (fr
EP2281964B8 (fr
Inventor
Martin Feldmann
Joerg Steck
Stefan Berner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Misapor Benton AG
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Misapor AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2281964A1 publication Critical patent/EP2281964A1/fr
Publication of EP2281964B1 publication Critical patent/EP2281964B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2281964B8 publication Critical patent/EP2281964B8/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/044—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/06—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres reinforced
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/044—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete
    • E04C2002/045—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete with two parallel leaves connected by tie anchors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an on-site poured wall element according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for its production according to the preamble of claim 18.
  • the US 2001/0010140 discloses a building part comprising two parallel, spaced-apart wire mesh, between which an insulating body is arranged.
  • Straight connecting rods whose ends are welded to the wire mesh, penetrate the insulating body and keep the wire mesh at a distance from each other.
  • the insulating body can be made of foamed plastic, of other insulating materials of various kinds or lightweight concrete. Between the wire mesh and the insulating body is a distance between 10 and 30 mm.
  • spacers are additionally provided, which space the insulating body of the wire mesh.
  • the finished component such as a wall, which is cast on site, the wire mesh are included in the hardened concrete.
  • the inner and outer walls can have different strengths.
  • the DE-OS-197 48 457 discloses a thermally insulated, supporting outer wall element in a multi-layer sandwich construction. This consists of a serving as a support inner wall, an outer wall spaced therefrom and a thermal insulation layer disposed between the walls. Both exterior and interior walls are made of lightweight concrete class LB 15. As a thermal insulation layer is also a polyurethane or Polystyrene foam in questions. The outer and inner walls are firmly connected to each other via intersecting coupling rods whose corrugated ends are embedded in lightweight concrete. By this construction it is ensured that the outer wall element is torsionally rigid and can be raised for example on the support layer.
  • US 2006/0201090 discloses a lightweight composition consisting of from 22 to 90% by volume of a cement composition and from 10 to 78% by volume of particles having a density between 0.03 g / cm 3 and 0.064 g / cm 3.
  • Insulated concrete elements consist of two parallel, spaced-apart walls, which are interconnected by metal bars. The space between the walls is filled with a lightweight concrete.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a locally cast wall element, in particular a fair-faced concrete element, which has the best possible insulating value for a given wall thickness.
  • the aim is in particular to propose a cast and insulated wall and a method for their production, which can be produced quickly and inexpensively. It is also an objective to propose a monolithic wall both on the inside and on the outside in exposed concrete quality.
  • a cast wall element according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that as insulation layer insulation boards with a compression stress at 10% compression ⁇ 10 ⁇ 60 kPa, preferably ⁇ 10 ⁇ 150 kPa, and most preferably ⁇ 10 ⁇ 300 kPa and a water vapor diffusion number ⁇ 250 ⁇ are used.
  • the element according to the invention as a locally cast component of a building, in particular a building, has the advantage that it can be produced quickly and inexpensively, since it can be cast in one operation.
  • the insulation is designed so that it is not compressed by the static pressure of the still liquid lightweight concrete. Since the insulation in the element is already integrated, a subsequent insulation is no longer necessary.
  • the fact that the outer wall has less than half as much and advantageously less than one third of the thickness of the inner wall and serves only as a veneer, it needs only a few coupling bracket to secure the outer wall, especially because the device as part of a larger
  • the inventive wall element has the advantage that it can be produced both on the inside and on the outside in fair-faced concrete quality and thus can meet the requirements of modern architecture.
  • the element is of lightweight concrete, especially with a dry density of at most 2000 Kg / m3, preferably ⁇ 1500 Kg / m3 and most preferably ⁇ 1200 Kg / m3. produced.
  • the use of lightweight concrete eliminates the risk that the insulating layer will be compressed. Accordingly, inexpensive available insulation materials can be used.
  • the casting material used is essentially made of cements, binders, foam glass or expanded clay as an additive, and mixing water and additives (additives).
  • a lightweight concrete with foam glass as an additive is for example in the EP-A-1 183 218 disclosed.
  • the first wall is designed as the static support structure and the second wall as a veneer.
  • a blanket may be supported on the inner tray, and the outer second wall may be relatively thin.
  • the second outer wall may, for example, have a thickness between 40 and 140 or 160 mm, preferably 50 to 120 or 140 mm and most preferably between 60 and 100 or 120 mm.
  • the first wall has a reinforcement made of steel, which is preferably arranged centrically or symmetrically to the system axis in the wall.
  • the reinforcement at least two approximately parallel planes, which are fixedly connected to each other by means of spacers, for example by three-dimensional reinforcing baskets or -böcke. These planes are preferably approximately equidistant from the central axis of the wall.
  • the deployable three-dimensional reinforcing bars can be triangular in cross-section, wherein in the corners longitudinally extending rods are present. Such reinforcing blocks are used for example in concrete ceilings.
  • prefabricated reinforcing steel nets or metal baskets which represent a stable three-dimensional structure used.
  • metal baskets are inherently stable and are not compressed by the filled in liquid concrete.
  • the reinforcement layers should not be displaced to each other and in their position within the formwork by concrete.
  • At least the second wall only has a reinforcement formed by fibers.
  • polymer fibers are used in the form of short cut fibers. This has the advantage that can be dispensed with a reinforcement made of reinforcing steel in the second wall. This leads to a significant time savings in the production of the insulated wall.
  • the proportion of polymer fibers in the second wall between 0.4 to 2.0 Kg / m3, preferably between 0.5 to 1.5 Kg / m3, and most preferably between 0.6 and 1.2 Kg / m3 amount.
  • polymer fibers a highly crystalline polymer, preferably from the group of polyvinyl alcohols, is used with particular advantage. These fibers have the advantage that they can form chemical bonds with the casting compound.
  • the polymer fibers used are preferably those which have a tensile strength> 1,000 N / mm 2, preferably> 1,200 and very particularly preferably> 1,500 N / mm 2 and an E modulus> 30,000 N / mm 2, preferably> 35 '. 000 N / mm 2, and most preferably> 40,000 N / mm 2.
  • insulation boards with a thermal conductivity ⁇ 0.029 W / mK are used.
  • plastics with the exception of polyurethane or mineral fibers (rock wool or glass fiber) in question.
  • mineral fibers must be treated in such a way that the Water absorbency is reduced to an acceptable level.
  • the insulating layer consists essentially of polystyrene, preferably an expanded or extruded polystyrene rigid foam. Polystyrene insulation boards are available at low cost and generally have sufficient compressive strength.
  • insulation boards are used as an insulating layer, which are preferably equipped with a groove and comb. This has the advantage that the insulation can not be moved against each other. It is also conceivable to use the largest possible possible insulation boards. It can be used depending on floor height plates with different compressive strengths. Plates with a ⁇ 10 between about 100 kPa and 250 kPa are ideal since they are relatively inexpensive. It is also advantageous if the insulation boards used as insulation layer have a water vapor diffusion number ⁇ 50 ⁇ . This is in connection with the use of lightweight concrete advantageous because it ensures the diffusion-open nature of the entire construction and can diffuse out in the dew point, condensed water.
  • the water absorption capacity of the insulating layer should be ⁇ 4% by volume, preferably ⁇ 1.0% by volume and very particularly preferably ⁇ 0.2% by volume. Ideally, the water absorption capacity is 0 V% measured according to the test standard EN 12087. It is important that in case of any water absorption, the insulation board is dimensionally stable. Otherwise, it can lead to tensions and deformations of the cast wall. To avoid shrinkage stresses, the casting compound is preferably admixed with shrinkage reducing agents.
  • the first wall and the second wall are connected to one another by means of coupling brackets, preferably by means of stainless steel.
  • the coupling straps may have, for example, a U, V, L, T or Z shape.
  • the coupling bracket can basically be installed at any angle to the flat sides of the wall. Preferably, however, they extend approximately perpendicular to the flat sides of the wall. Conveniently, 0.1 to 0.6 coupling bracket, preferably 0.2 to 0.4 coupling bracket are provided per square meter.
  • the coupling brackets can be made from structural steel, stainless steel or, advantageously, reinforced from a glass, carbon fiber or plastic fiber Be made of plastic. The latter coupling bracket have the advantage over steel of significantly lower thermal conductivity.
  • the cured element has a thermal conductivity ⁇ 0.16 W / mK.
  • the attachment of the insulating layer to the second reinforcement layer is preferably carried out by means of plastic dowels, as used in the attachment of insulation layers to facades.
  • the front ends of the plastic dowels can be tied to the second reinforcement layer with a binder.
  • Other fasteners and types of attachment are also conceivable.
  • wall element 11 has a first wall 13, which usually represents the inner wall of a multi-shell wall, and a second wall 15, which is usually the outer wall of a multi-walled wall. Between the first and the second wall 13,15 an insulating layer 17 is arranged, which is in conjunction with the first and second walls 13,15.
  • the first wall 13 is provided with a reinforcement 19 made of reinforcing steel.
  • the reinforcement 19 preferably consists of a three-dimensional, inherently stable structure, for example a steel wire basket.
  • the use of a three-dimensional reinforcing cage has the advantage that the inner wall can have a high static load capacity.
  • the reinforcement consists of overlapping reinforcement steel meshes 24 (FIG. Fig. 2 ).
  • the first and second walls 13,15 are connected to each other by means of a plurality of wind anchors 25.
  • the wind anchors 25 may have a U, Z, or any other shape that ensures that the ends of the wind anchors 25 can not be pulled out of the walls under tensile load.
  • a wall element according to the invention is produced as follows: On a shuttering wall (not visible in the figures), first distance-retaining means 27, e.g. in the form of rails, arranged and attached to the reinforcement 19 ( FIGS. 4 and 5 ). At the distance holding means 27 opposite side of the reinforcement 19 second distance holding means 29, also preferably in the form of rails, attached. Then, the insulating layer 19 is disposed on the second distance-retaining means 29 and fixed by means of plastic dowels 31 to the reinforcement 19 or the rails. As plastic dowel 31 can be used as they are used for the attachment of insulation boards to facades for use. These dowels have a head 33 with a large contact surface. The attachment of the dowel shaft can be done for example by a wire 35.
  • wind anchor 25 can be inserted, which protrude with their ends on opposite sides of the insulation layer.
  • a second shuttering wall is then arranged at a distance from the first shuttering wall and the insulating layer (not shown in the figures).
  • the formwork walls are, depending on the formwork system, for example, by means of binding points and connecting pipes (spacers) 37 and then filled the formwork cavities between the shuttering walls and the insulating layer 19 with a lightweight concrete mixture.
  • Total wall thickness 44 Inner pane: 16 Reinforcement mesh 4-ply with spacers: Outer pane without reinforcing mesh: 12 Core insulation (EPS plastic): 16 Stainless steel coupling bracket 0.2 / m2 Lightweight concrete with foam glass chunks and fly ash as aggregates, shrinkage reducing agents and Plastic fibers Thermal conductivity of the entire wall (calculated)
  • An on-site cast wall element is made of a hardenable cast mass of lightweight concrete.
  • the element has a first wall with a first thickness and a second wall with a second thickness, wherein the thickness of the first wall eats significantly greater than the thickness of the second wall.
  • an insulating layer is provided, which is cast over the entire surface in the casting compound.
  • the finished component can be used as exposed concrete part and has a thermal conductivity of ⁇ 0.16 W / mK.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Elément de mur coulé sur place (11) fabriqué à partir d'une masse de coulage durcissable à base de ciment
    - d'un premier mur (13) avec une première épaisseur et
    - d'un second mur (15) avec une seconde épaisseur, l'épaisseur du premier mur étant plus grande que l'épaisseur du second mur (15) et
    - une couche d'isolation (17) prévue entre le premier mur (13) et le second mur (15),
    - d'une armature (19) en acier prévue dans le premier mur (13) avec au moins une première et une seconde couche d'armature qui sont reliées l'une à l'autre par des éléments d'espacement (21) et
    d'étriers de raccordement (23) qui relient le premier mur (13) et le second mur (15) l'un à l'autre,
    caractérisé en ce
    que la masse de coulage durcissable est un béton léger et que des panneaux isolants (17) avec une contrainte de compression de δ10≥60 kPa pour une compression de 10%, de préférence de σ10≥150 kPa et de manière toute préférée de σ10≥300 kPa et un coefficient de diffusion de la vapeur d'eau <250µm sont utilisés comme couche d'isolation.
  2. Elément selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que des écarteurs (29) sont prévus entre la seconde couche d'armature et la couche d'isolation (17).
  3. Elément selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la masse de coulage mise en oeuvre présente une masse volumique à sec de 1500 kg/m3 maximum, de préférence < 1200 kg/m3 et de manière tout particulièrement préférée < 1000 kg/m3.
  4. Elément selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins le second mur (15) possède une armature avec des fibres, de préférence avec des fibres polymères et avantageusement sous forme de fibres coupées court.
  5. Elément selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la proportion de fibres polymères dans le second mur (15) est entre 0,4 et 2,0 kg/m3, de préférence entre 0,5 et 1,5 kg/m3 et de manière tout particulièrement préférée entre 0,6 et 1,2 kg/m3.
  6. Elément selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce qu'un polymère à cristallinité élevée est utilisé pour les fibres polymères, de préférence du groupe des alcools polyvinyliques.
  7. Elément selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les fibres polymères ont une résistance à la traction > 1000 N/mm2, de préférence > 1200 et de manière tout particulièrement préfèrée > 1500 N/mm2 et un module d'élasticité > 30000 N/mm2, de préférence > 35000 N/mm2 et de manière tout particulièrement préférée > 40000 N/mm2.
  8. Elément selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la couche d'isolation (17) possède une conductivité thermique < 0,04 W/mK, de préférence < 0,035 W/mK et de manière tout particulièrement préférée < 0,03 W/mK.
  9. Elément selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la couche d'isolation (17) est fabriquée à partir d'une isolation minérale ou à partir d'une matière synthétique à l'exception du polyuréthane, de préférence essentiellement de polystyrène.
  10. Elément selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que des panneaux isolants avec un coefficient de diffusion de la vapeur d'eau ≤ 50 µm sont utilisés comme couche d'isolation (17).
  11. Elément selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la capacité d'absorption de l'eau de la couche d'isolation (17) est de < 4 % en volume, de préférence de < 1 % en volume et de manière tout particulièrement préférée de < 0,2 % en volume.
  12. Elément selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que les étriers de raccordement (23) ont une forme en U, en Z, en L, en T ou similaire ou sont des ancrages en spirale.
  13. Elément selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que 0,2 à 0,4 étrier de raccordement (23) est prévu par mètre carré.
  14. Elément selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que l'élément durci et séché (11) a une conductivité thermique 0,16 W/mK.
  15. Elément selon l'une des revendications 10 à 14, caractérisé en ce que les panneaux isolants (17) sont fabriqués en mousse dure expansée ou en mousse dure de polystyrène extrudé.
  16. Elément selon l'une des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisé en ce que les étriers de raccordement (23) sont fabriqués en fibres de verre, de carbone ou de plastique ou en plastique renforcé par des fibres de plastique.
  17. Elément selon l'une des revendications 1 à 16, caractérisé en ce que le second mur (15) a une épaisseur de la moitié et avantageusement de moins d'un tiers de l'épaisseur du premier mur.
  18. Procédé pour fabriquer un élément de mur avec les étapes de procédé suivantes :
    - construction d'un premier mur de coffrage,
    - fixation d'une première couche d'armature en acier espacée du premier mur de coffrage,
    - fixation d'écarteurs, de préférence en forme de paniers de support,
    - fixation d'une seconde couche d'armature en acier sur les écarteurs mentionnés,
    - placement d'une couche d'isolation en panneaux isolants avec une tension à la compression de σ10≥60 kPa pour une compression de 10%, de préférence de σ10≥150 kPa et de manière toute préférée de σ10≥300 kPa et un coefficient de diffusion de la vapeur d'eau <250µm, espacée de la seconde couche d'armature, laquelle couche d'isolation a une surface qui correspond substantiellement à la surface du premier mur de coffrage si bien qu'un premier espace de coffrage avec une armature est formé pour fabriquer un premier mur (13) avec une première épaisseur,
    - insertion d'une multitude d'étriers de raccordement qui s'étendent à travers la couche d'isolation et qui font saillie des deux côtés de celle-ci d'une certaine distance,
    - construction d'un second mur de coffrage si bien qu'un second espace de coffrage sans armature est formé en béton léger entre la couche d'isolation et le second mur de coffrage pour fabriquer un second mur (15) avec une seconde épaisseur,
    - coulage de l'espace de coffrage entre le premier mur de coffrage et le second mur de coffrage avec une masse de coulage durcissable de béton léger, les espaces de coffrage étant remplis substantiellement en même temps ou avec une légère avance pour le second espace de coffrage avec la masse de coulage en béton léger si bien qu'un premier mur et un second mur sont formés après le durcissement de la masse de coulage en béton léger, cependant que l'épaisseur du premier mur (13) est plus grande que l'épaisseur du second mur (15).
EP10168471.0A 2009-07-03 2010-07-05 Élement moulé de paroi et son procédé de fabrication Not-in-force EP2281964B8 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH10382009A CH701464B1 (de) 2009-07-03 2009-07-03 Gegossenes Wand-, Boden- oder Deckenelement und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2281964A1 EP2281964A1 (fr) 2011-02-09
EP2281964B1 true EP2281964B1 (fr) 2016-04-06
EP2281964B8 EP2281964B8 (fr) 2016-08-24

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CH701464A1 (de) 2011-01-14
EP2281964B8 (fr) 2016-08-24
CH701464B1 (de) 2015-01-15

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