EP2243194A1 - Dielektrische antenne - Google Patents
Dielektrische antenneInfo
- Publication number
- EP2243194A1 EP2243194A1 EP09710364A EP09710364A EP2243194A1 EP 2243194 A1 EP2243194 A1 EP 2243194A1 EP 09710364 A EP09710364 A EP 09710364A EP 09710364 A EP09710364 A EP 09710364A EP 2243194 A1 EP2243194 A1 EP 2243194A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lens
- feed element
- electromagnetic
- waveguide
- dielectric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101100400378 Mus musculus Marveld2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
- H01Q19/09—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens wherein the primary active element is coated with or embedded in a dielectric or magnetic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/06—Waveguide mouths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
- H01Q15/08—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a dielectric antenna with an electromagnetic feed element and with a lens made of dielectric material, wherein the feed element emits electromagnetic radiation and the lens is exposed in a food area with the electromagnetic radiation, wherein the lens continues the electromagnetic radiation and radiates with a Send ⁇ ber ⁇ ich.
- Dielectric antennas are known from different fields of technology in very different designs. Common to dielectric antennas, however, is that dielectric materials are used to guide and emit electromagnetic waves, in particular those dielectric materials which are particularly low-loss. It is known as a dielectric material for the lens z. Teflon, polypropylene or other low-permittivity dielectrics.
- a narrow directional characteristic in the main emission direction can, as is known, only be achieved by means of a large aperture, ie opening area, of the transmission range of the lens.
- the electromagnetic radiation radiated from the transmission region of the lens must have as flat a phase front as possible, such a planar phase front being easier to implement with increasing length of the antenna, which is also the desired compact design opposes.
- Known dielectric antennas have, in addition to the difficult simultaneous realization of a narrow main emission direction with a similar compact design, a further disadvantage which is associated with mutual recognition. order of the electromagnetic feed element and the lens of dielectric material is related. In the antenna designs in which the electromagnetic feed element and the lens are in direct contact with each other, the lens is enclosed by at least portions of the electromagnetic feed element, whereby the dielectric lens inevitably projects into the electromagnetic feed element and electromagnetic radiation is applied in the feed element (US 6,023,246).
- the electromagnetic feed element and the dielectric material lens are spaced apart from each other so as to provide a gap between the electromagnetic feed element and the dielectric lens.
- the indicated object is achieved according to the invention first and essentially in the subject dielectric antenna in that the lens is ellipsoidal shaped at least in the transmission range and the lens is arranged to the feed element so that the radiated from the lens electromagnetic radiation in the main emission of the Antenna one in the has significant level phase front. It has been found that ellipsoidal shaped dielectric lenses allow a very short design while generating radiated electromagnetic radiation having substantially a planar phase front in the main emission direction.
- the dielectric lens is axisymmetric to the major axis of the ellipsoid defined by the at least eiiipsoidal shaped transmitting region of the lens, the major axis of the ellipsoid then pointing substantially in the main radiation direction of the antenna.
- Under the major axis of an ellipsoid or under the major axis of an ellipse is here - as usual in geometry - understood the longitudinal axis of an ellipsoid or an ellipse, ie that axis on which the foci of an ellipsoid or an ellipse lie.
- Such axisymmetric lenses are even rotationally symmetrical and therefore particularly easy to manufacture and assemble.
- the major axes of a plurality of ellipses defined by the at least eiiipsoidal shaped transmission region of the lens are substantially coaxially aligned, and it has been found to be particularly advantageous if the ellipses have a focal point substantially in common.
- Such a configured lens no longer needs to be rotationally symmetric, but may have a variety of other shapes and symmetries, but each sectional plane passing through the major axis passes through the lens to an elliptical sectional surface, with the major axes of all of these ellipses being substantially coaxially aligned. essentially so one another.
- Ellipses are not to be found in different directions, but all in the direction of the main emission or all opposite to the main emission of the antenna.
- the electromagnetic feed element is arranged substantially at the focal point of the ellipsoid defined by the at least ellipsoidal shaped transmission range of the lens or the electromagnetic feed element is substantially in the common focus of the ellipsoidally defined by the ellipsoidal transmission range of the lens ellipses arranged. It has been found that a dielectric antenna following this preferred design principle is particularly suitable for producing a substantially planar phase front in the main emission direction.
- the arrangement of the electromagnetic feed element in the one or in the common focus of the lens such that the electromagnetic feed element - as far as it itself has a radiation direction - emits in the ultimately achieved main emission of the entire dielectric antenna its electromagnetic radiation.
- the electromagnetic feed element lies on the main axis or on the coaxial main axes of the lens with an at least ellipsoidal shaped transmission range.
- the electromagnetic feed element comprises an electromagnetic radiation source and a waveguide, wherein the radiation emitted by the radiation source electromagnetic radiation is conducted from the waveguide to the lens, wherein the waveguide is arranged in particular coaxially to the main axis of the lens.
- the feed element automatically has a marked preferential direction with respect to the emission of electromagnetic waves, so that what has been said about the arrangement of the electromagnetic feed element with respect to the lens and with respect to the main emission direction is here especially true.
- the lens is attached to the outside of the electromagnetic feed element, in particular on the outside of the Hohllei- ters, in particular at least partially surrounds the outside of the electromagnetic feed element or the waveguide, in particular on the electromagnetic feed element or plugged or screwed onto the waveguide.
- the dielectric antenna is also suitable for applications that have particularly high requirements in terms of achievable hygiene, such as applications in the food industry.
- the inventive dielectric antenna has a larger aperture Profit achieved as, for example, a horn of the same size.
- the open structure which unlike a stalk radiator does not form a waveguide, ensures that multiple reflections of the impulse response decay rapidly.
- the lens is formed ellipsoidal substantially from its dining area in Schoabstrahlraum and the lens is substantially formed from its dining area against the Hauptabstrahlraum nozzle-like, namely for receiving the feed element or the waveguide.
- Such a configuration of the lens and arrangement of the feed element or of the waveguide with respect to the lens is suitable for geometric-wave optical reasons to a particular extent to achieve a high profit.
- the neck can be formed practically arbitrarily and be designed so that it is particularly suitable, for example, for attachment of the dielectric antenna.
- the neck-like part of the lens encapsulates the antenna on the process side, in particular by virtue of the neck-like formed part substantially completely completing the electromagnetic feed element surrounds, in particular, by the nozzle-like part surrounding the mounting elements of the antenna process side substantially.
- the lens is ellipsoidal except for the access area of the electromagnetic feed element.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a cross section through a dielectric antenna according to the invention with a sketched beam path of the electromagnetic radiation
- FIG. 2 shows the simulation of the electromagnetic field distribution inside and outside the lens of the dielectric antenna shown in FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic perspective view of a dielectric antenna according to the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a dielectric antenna according to the invention with a short nozzle-like widening in a cross-sectional view
- FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a dielectric antenna according to the invention with a dish-like extended nozzle-like design in cross-sectional representation
- FIG. 6 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a dielectric antenna according to the invention with a long neck-like enlargement in a cross-sectional view
- FIG. 1 to 7 show a dielectric antenna 1 with an electromagnetic feed element 2 and with a dielectric material lens 3.
- the operation of the antenna 1 is always based on that the feed element 2 emits electromagnetic radiation 4 and the lens 3 in a dining area 5 is acted upon by the electromagnetic radiation 4, wherein the lens 3, the electromagnetic radiation 4 mustchtt and radiates with a transmission range 6 of the lens.
- the lens 3 is formed ellipsoidal at least in the transmission area 6 and the lens 3 is arranged to the feed element 2 so that the radiated from the lens 3 electromagnetic radiation 4 in the main emission direction 7 of the antenna 1 is a substantially flat Phase front 8, wherein the phase front 8 is explicitly visible only in Fig. 2.
- Fig. 1 it can be clearly seen how the electromagnetic radiation 4 emitted by the feed element 2 shown schematically propagates within the lens 3 and is refracted at the ellipsoidally shaped edge of the lens 3 in the transmitting region 6 of the lens 3 according to the laws of wave optics and is radiated substantially in the main emission direction 7 of the lens 3.
- Fig. 2 it can be seen particularly well that with the ellipsoidally shaped transmitting region 6 of the lens 3 outside the lens 3 in the direction of the main Ababses 7 substantially flat phase fronts 8 can be generated, which is particularly advantageous for a narrow radiation pattern, although the design of the illustrated dielectric antennas 1 is very compact.
- the dielectric antennas 1 shown in the figures have in common that the lens 3 is axisymmetric to the main axis 9 of the ellipsoid, which is defined by the at least ellipsoidal shaped transmitting portion 6 of the lens, the major axis 9 of the ellipsoid substantially in the main emission direction 7 of each shown antenna 1 has.
- Lenses 3 with such a geometry are particularly easy to manufacture and yet have the desired properties with respect to the radiated electromagnetic radiation. 4
- dielectric antennas of the transmission range of the lenses each defines a plurality of ellipses whose major axes are aligned substantially coaxially.
- the ellipses in particular have a focal point substantially in common, because this can achieve the desired properties of the radiated electromagnetic radiation.
- the electromagnetic feed element 2 is arranged substantially at a focal point of the ellipsoid defined by the at least ellipsoidal shaped transmitting region 6 of the lens 3, because the focal point property of the ellipsoidal shaped transmitting region 6 of the lens 3 in connection with the geometrical-optical refraction properties of electromagnetic radiation 4 at the edge of the lens 3 or at the dielectric branching edge of the dielectric tric material of the lens 3 to the environment of the lens 3 can take advantage of particularly advantageous.
- FIGS. 2 and 4 to 7 show that the electromagnetic feed element 2 comprises an electromagnetic radiation source 10 and a waveguide 11, the electromagnetic radiation 4 emitted by the radiation source 10 being guided by the waveguide 11 to the lens 3 , wherein the waveguide 11 is arranged substantially coaxially to the main axis 9 of the lens 3.
- the lens 3 is fixed to the outer side 12 of the electromagnetic feed element 2 or on the outer side 12 of the waveguide 11 and the electromagnetic feed element 2 and the waveguide 11 at least partially surrounds.
- the lens 3 is screwed onto the waveguide 11 respectively.
- the advantages of this construction are obvious.
- a mechanically very stable attachment of the lens 3 to the electromagnetic feed element 2 or to the waveguide 11 can be realized, at least considerably more stable than is possible with known constructions in which the electromagnetic feed element 2 is the lens 3 of the dielectric antenna 1 includes.
- the antenna 1 can be produced very easily encapsulated in this way.
- the radiation properties of the illustrated dielectric antennas 1 are significantly better than those of dielectric antennas in which the lens 3 is partially surrounded by a metallic sheath, namely the metallic sheath of the waveguide.
- the lenses 3 of the dielectric antennas 1 shown are substantially ellipsoidal in the main emission direction 7 from their food area 5. Contrary to the main emission direction 7, however, the illustrated lenses 3 are formed like a nozzle, namely for receiving the feed element 2 or the waveguide 11.
- the neck-like design of the lens 3 is essentially cylindrical, with the lens 3 being screwed completely onto a thread 13 and the neck-like part 14 of the lens 3 being screwed on the thread.
- Tenne 1 process encapsulates.
- the encapsulation which is particularly necessary for applications with increased hygiene requirements, is achieved in that the neck-like part 14 of the lens 3, the electromagnetic feed element 2 and the waveguide 11 substantially completely surrounds.
- the neck-like part 14 is extended in the direction of a metallic flange i 5 teiierartig and covers the metallic flange 15 to a large extent. This is particularly advantageous if the - not shown here - fasteners that serve to attach the metallic flange to a pad also not shown here, are completely covered by the dielectric lens 3 of the antenna 1 after the lens 3 on the Waveguide 11 has been screwed by means of the thread 13.
- the dielectric antenna 1 shown in FIG. 7 has a lens 3 which is completely ellipsoidal except for the access area of the electromagnetic feed element 2 or the waveguide 11.
Landscapes
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200810008715 DE102008008715A1 (de) | 2008-02-11 | 2008-02-11 | Dielektrische Antenne |
PCT/EP2009/000948 WO2009100891A1 (de) | 2008-02-11 | 2009-02-11 | Dielektrische antenne |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2243194A1 true EP2243194A1 (de) | 2010-10-27 |
EP2243194B1 EP2243194B1 (de) | 2013-10-30 |
Family
ID=40527900
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09710364.2A Active EP2243194B1 (de) | 2008-02-11 | 2009-02-11 | Dielektrische antenne |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8917215B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2243194B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5216107B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN101971423B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102008008715A1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK2243194T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2009100891A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (181)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102012003398B4 (de) | 2012-02-23 | 2015-06-25 | Krohne Messtechnik Gmbh | Nach dem Radar-Prinzip arbeitendes Füllstandsmessgerät |
DE102013222963B4 (de) * | 2012-11-12 | 2022-07-21 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Radarantenne |
US10009065B2 (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2018-06-26 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Backhaul link for distributed antenna system |
US9113347B2 (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2015-08-18 | At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp | Backhaul link for distributed antenna system |
CN103187619A (zh) * | 2013-04-01 | 2013-07-03 | 金明涛 | 椭圆振子超宽带天线 |
US20160056525A1 (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2016-02-25 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | A Radio Antenna Alignment Tool |
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- 2009-02-11 CN CN200980104794.3A patent/CN101971423B/zh active Active
- 2009-02-11 EP EP09710364.2A patent/EP2243194B1/de active Active
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JP5216107B2 (ja) | 2013-06-19 |
JP2011512090A (ja) | 2011-04-14 |
CN101971423A (zh) | 2011-02-09 |
US8917215B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 |
EP2243194B1 (de) | 2013-10-30 |
DK2243194T3 (da) | 2014-02-03 |
DE102008008715A1 (de) | 2009-08-13 |
US20100321262A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
WO2009100891A1 (de) | 2009-08-20 |
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