EP2110311B1 - Finned rudder - Google Patents
Finned rudder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2110311B1 EP2110311B1 EP20090152042 EP09152042A EP2110311B1 EP 2110311 B1 EP2110311 B1 EP 2110311B1 EP 20090152042 EP20090152042 EP 20090152042 EP 09152042 A EP09152042 A EP 09152042A EP 2110311 B1 EP2110311 B1 EP 2110311B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rudder
- fin
- leading edge
- screw propeller
- finned
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
- B63H25/06—Steering by rudders
- B63H25/38—Rudders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
- B63H25/06—Steering by rudders
- B63H25/38—Rudders
- B63H25/381—Rudders with flaps
Definitions
- the present invention relates to finned rudders provided on ships to change their course.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, Publication No. HEI-6-305487 discloses a structure in which horizontal fins whose inclination angle (twist angle) is set relative to the inflow angle, which changes according to the distance from the center of the propeller shaft, are provided on the port and starboard sides of a center axis position of a rudder bulb.
- a bulb is added to the leading edge of the rudder near the center of the propeller shaft, and horizontal fins at the same heights on the left and right are provided integrally with this bulb, see Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, Publication No. HEI-11-139395 which constitutes the closest prior art.
- Figs. 12 and 13 which show the flow field analysis results obtained at a Reynold's number of 1,080,000 and a screw propeller rotational speed of 7.8 rps, illustrate forward motion as viewed from the bow side.
- the screw propeller which is not shown in the figures, rotates clockwise, as viewed from the stern side, during forward motion.
- the directions of the arrows in these figures indicate the directions of flows in the plane thereof, and the lengths of the arrows indicate the magnitudes of the flows.
- the downward flow is strong below the center line of the propeller on the starboard side of the rudder.
- the present invention as defined by independent claims 1 and 2 has been conceived in light of the circumstances described above, and an object thereof is to provide a finned rudder, as well as a ship provided therewith, that can increase the wake gain by more effectively rectifying the flow of water behind a screw propeller, thereby improving the propulsion performance (propulsion efficiency).
- a first aspect of a finned rudder according to the present invention is a finned rudder, disposed aftward of a screw propeller, for changing the course of a ship and provided with a first fin in a port-side rudder surface and a second fin in a starboard-side rudder surface.
- a first end of the first fin is attached at a position higher than a center position of the screw propeller on a leading edge side of a central portion of the port-side rudder surface, and a first end of the second fin is attached at a position lower than the center position of the screw propeller on the leading edge side of a central portion of the starboard-side rudder surface.
- the first end of the first fin is attached at a position lower than the center position of the screw propeller on the leading edge side of the central portion of the port-side rudder surface
- the first end of the second fin is attached at a position higher than the center position of the screw propeller on the leading edge side of the central portion of the starboard-side rudder surface.
- the second end of each fin horizontally extends to a position inside a rotation radius of the screw propeller where an upward or downward flow is strong.
- a second aspect of a finned rudder according to the present invention is a finned rudder, disposed aftward of a screw propeller that rotates clockwise as viewed from a stern side during forward motion, for changing a course of a ship and provided with a first fin in a port-side rudder surface and a second fin in a starboard-side rudder surface.
- a first end of the first fin is attached at a position higher than a center position of the screw propeller on a leading edge side of a central portion of the port-side rudder surface, and a first end of the second fin is attached at a position lower than the center position of the screw propeller on the leading edge side of a central portion of the starboard-side rudder surface; a second end of the first fin extends at an upward inclination to a position inside a rotation radius of the screw propeller where an upward flow is strong; and a second end of the second fin extends horizontally to a position inside the rotation radius of the screw propeller where a downward flow is strong.
- the finned rudder because a fin presenting an appropriate angle relative to the falling, rising, and swirling flows near the rudder generates thrust, the hull resistance can be reduced, thus decreasing the propulsion horsepower.
- the attachment position of the fin up or down, as shown in Fig. 7 or by inclining the attachment angle, as shown in Fig. 8 , to be better adapted to the flow around the rudder, it is possible to achieve a greater reduction in the propulsion horsepower with the fin.
- the flow at the upper port-side of the rudder surface may approach a swirling flow formed by combining the rising flow and the inward flow.
- the attachment angle of the fin is directed at an upward inclination, it is possible to achieve a greater thrust production effect with the fin.
- a rudder bulb formed of a raised bump is provided at a leading edge portion opposing a propeller boss of the screw propeller, and a leading edge thereof is twisted in conformance with the inflow direction of a wake from the screw propeller.
- the flow generated from the aft end of the propeller boss is made to flow along the surface of the rudder bulb, thereby attenuating the boss vortex. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the vortex resistance and to further improve the propulsion performance (propulsion efficiency).
- the leading edges of the finned rudder are twisted in opposite directions at the top and bottom in conformance with the inflow direction of the wake from the screw propeller, and a gap that would normally occur at the height of the propeller shaft at the leading edges of the rudder, causing cavitation, is eliminated by the rudder bulb. It is thus possible to inhibit rudder cavitation produced at the leading edge, which makes it possible to prevent erosion of the rudder surface and paint peeling off from the rudder surface.
- the second end of the leading edge is connected to the top of the rudder bulb, and the first end of the leading edge is connected to the bottom of the rudder bulb.
- the first and second ends of the leading edge are connected via the rudder bulb, it is possible to simplify processing of the leading edge and to improve the manufacturability.
- the first fin is formed so as to have a wing shape in cross section and an upward camber
- the second fin is formed so as to have a wing shape in cross section and a downward camber
- the hull resistance can be reduced, thus decreasing the propulsion horsepower.
- the finned rudder according to the present invention affords an advantage in that, because a fin presenting an appropriate angle relative to the falling, rising, and swirling flows near the rudder generates thrust, the hull resistance can be reduced and the fuel efficiency can be improved.
- FIG. 1 A first embodiment of a finned rudder according to the present invention will be described below with reference to Figs. 1 to 4 .
- Fig. 1 is a right side view, taken from the starboard side, of a stern portion of a ship equipped with a finned rudder according to this embodiment
- Fig. 2 is a left side view, taken from the port side, of the stern portion of the ship equipped with the finned rudder according to this embodiment
- Fig. 3 is an elevational view, taken from the bow side, of the finned rudder according to this embodiment
- Fig. 4 is a graph showing experimental results obtained by propelling the ship equipped with the finned rudder according to this embodiment.
- a finned rudder 10 is a plate-shaped member which is attached to a rudder shaft 5 that extends vertically downward from a stern bottom 4 of a stern portion 3 located aftward (on the stern side) of a screw propeller 2, and is rotated about a vertical axis together with the rudder shaft 5 to change the course of a ship 1.
- the screw propeller 2 is attached to the aft end (the end at the stern side) of a propeller shaft 7 that passes through a bossing 6.
- the screw propeller 2 rotates together with the propeller shaft 7, clockwise (right) as viewed from the stern side during forward motion, and anticlockwise (left) as viewed from the stern side during reverse motion.
- a first fin 12 is provided in (attached to) a port-side rudder surface 11 of the finned rudder 10 according to this embodiment, and a second fin 14 is provided in (attached to) a starboard-side rudder surface 13 of the finned rudder 10.
- the first fin 12 As shown in Figs. 2 and 3 , the first fin 12, a first end (root) of which is towards the leading edge of a center portion of the rudder surface 11, is a small blade having a wing shape in cross-section and an upward camber and is attached higher than a center position C of the screw propeller 2 so as to extend horizontally (outward towards the port side in Fig. 3 ).
- a second end (tip) of the first fin 12 extends to a position (region) inside the rotation radius P (see Figs. 12 and 13 ) of the screw propeller 2 where the upward flow is strong.
- the second fin 14 a first end (root) of which is towards the leading edge of a center portion of the rudder surface 13, is a small blade having a wing shape in cross-section and a downward camber and is attached lower than the center position C of the screw propeller 2 so as to extend horizontally (outward towards the starboard side in Fig. 3 ).
- a second end (the tip) of the second fin 14 extends to a position (region) inside the rotation radius P (see Figs. 12 and 13 ) of the screw propeller 2 where the downward flow is strong.
- Fig. 4 is a graph of experimental results obtained by propelling a ship equipped with the finned rudder 10 according to this embodiment, showing ship speed (kn: knots) on the horizontal axis and horsepower (kW) on the vertical axis.
- the broken line drawn from the bottom left to the top right in this figure is data obtained from a ship that is not equipped with the finned rudder 10 according to this embodiment, and the solid line drawn from the bottom left to the top right is data obtained from the ship equipped with the finned rudder 10 according to this embodiment.
- the ship equipped with the finned rudder 10 according to this embodiment requires less horsepower to attain the same speed as a ship that is not equipped with the finned rudder 10 according to this embodiment, and the speed is higher (increased) when applying the same horsepower as the ship that is not equipped with the finned rudder 10 according to this embodiment. Accordingly, a reduction in fuel consumption of about 2% compared with the conventional case can be achieved, which is an effective experimental result demonstrating the above-described advantages of the finned rudder 10 according to this embodiment.
- the fin 12 is given an upward camber by attaching it to the corresponding rudder surface 11 so that the leading edge thereof is located lower than the trailing edge
- the fin 14 is given a downward camber by attaching it to the corresponding rudder surface 13 so that the leading edge thereof is located higher than the trailing edge. Therefore, it is possible to generate upward and downward lifts at the bow side of the respective fins 12 and 14. Because the forward component of these lifts serves as thrust propelling the hull of the ship 1 in the forward direction, this thrust acts on the hull, reducing the hull resistance.
- the propulsion performance (propulsion efficiency) can be improved.
- FIG. 5 is a right side view, taken from the starboard side, of a stern portion of a ship equipped with a finned rudder according to this embodiment
- Fig. 6 is a left side view, taken from the port side, of the stern portion of the ship equipped with the finned rudder according to this embodiment
- Fig. 7 is an elevational view, taken from the bow side, of the finned rudder according to this embodiment.
- a finned rudder 20 differs from that in the first embodiment described above in that it includes a rudder bulb 21, and as shown in Fig. 7 , leading edges 22 and 23 thereof are inclined with respect to the perpendicular axis (vertical axis).
- the other components are the same as those in the first embodiment described above, and a description thereof is thus omitted here.
- the rudder bulb 21 is a raised bump provided at the leading edge of the finned rudder 20 at a position facing the propeller boss 2a (see Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 ) of the screw propeller 2 (see Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 ). As shown in Figs. 5 and 6 , it steeply increases in diameter at the leading edge of the finned rudder 20 from the bow-side end face opposing the propeller boss 2a, and gently reduces in diameter from the leading edge of the finned rudder 20 towards the trailing edge.
- the second fin 14 is provided below the rudder bulb 21 at the wake side of the leading edge of the finned rudder 20, as shown in Fig. 5 .
- the first fin 12 is provided above the rudder bulb 21 on the wake side of the leading edge of the rudder 20, as shown in Fig. 6 . Accordingly, in view of the flow field near the rudder, it is possible to obtain the most effective thrust by providing the first fin 12 and the second fin 14 in the vicinity of the rudder bulb 21 at the wake side of the leading edge of the finned rudder 20.
- the cross-sectional shape of the rudder bulb 21 is substantially circular, and the cross section thereof has the same shape at all positions from the bow side to the stern side.
- This rudder bulb 21 inhibits a boss vortex produced from the aft end of the propeller boss 2a; in other words, it attenuates (collects) the boss vortex by making the flow produced from the aft end of the propeller boss 2a flow along the surface of the rudder bulb 21, thus reducing vortex resistance and improving the propulsion performance (propulsion efficiency).
- leading edge 22 which is located above the rudder bulb 21, that is to say, at the top end of the rudder bulb 21, as shown in Fig. 7 , a first end thereof (the top end) is located at the same position as the center position C of the screw propeller 2 or on the starboard side of the center position C of the screw propeller 2, and a second end thereof (the bottom end) is located on the port side of the center position C of the screw propeller 2. Additionally, the leading edge 22 is formed so as to form a substantially straight line from the first end to the second end thereof. The second end of the leading edge 22 is connected to the top of the rudder bulb 21.
- leading edge 23 which is located below the rudder bulb 21, that is to say, at the bottom end of the rudder bulb 21, a first end thereof (the top end) is located on the starboard side of the center position C of the screw propeller 2, and a second end thereof (the bottom end) is located at the same position as the center position C of the screw propeller 2 or on the starboard side of the center position C of the screw propeller 2. Additionally, the leading edge 23 is formed so as to form a substantially straight line from the first end to the second end thereof. The first end of the leading edge 23 is connected to the bottom of the rudder bulb 21.
- leading edges 22 and 23 are twisted in conformance with the inflow direction of the wake from the screw propeller 2, thereby reducing the inflow directions at the finned rudder 20 (inflow angle) from the screw propeller 2, and inhibiting rudder cavitation produced by the leading edges 22 and 23 of the finned rudder 20.
- the finned rudder 20 by means of the rudder bulb 21, the flow produced from the aft end of the propeller boss 2a is made to flow along the surface of the rudder bulb 21, thereby attenuating boss vortex. Therefore, it is possible to decrease vortex resistance and to further improve the propulsion performance (propulsion efficiency).
- leading edges 22 and 23 of the finned rudder 20 are twisted in conformance with the inflow direction of the wake from the screw propeller 2, thereby reducing the inflow directions (inflow angle) of the wake from the screw propeller 2 at the finned rudder 20, it is possible to inhibit rudder cavitation produced by the leading edges 22 and 23, and to prevent erosion of the rudder surfaces 11 and 13 and peeling of paint from the rudder surfaces 11 and 13.
- high-speed ships such as container ships
- the second end of the leading edge 22 is connected to the top of the rudder bulb 21, and the first end of the leading edge 23 is connected to the bottom of the rudder bulb 21.
- One problem with this kind of reaction rudder is that, because the twist direction is reversed at the center of the propeller shaft, a step occurs at the leading edge of the rudder, causing cavitation at this step portion and making the processing difficult.
- the present invention because the second end of the leading edge 22 and the first end of the leading edge 23 are connected via the rudder bulb 21, no step occurs at the leading edge of the rudder, thus preventing the occurrence of cavitation.
- processing of the leading edge can be simplified and the manufacturability improved.
- FIG. 8 is an elevational view, taken from the bow side, of a finned rudder 30 according to this embodiment.
- the finned rudder 30 according to this embodiment differs from that in the first embodiment described above in that a first fin 31 is provided instead of the first fin 12.
- the other components are the same as those in the first embodiment described above, and therefore, a description thereof will be omitted here.
- the first fin 31 a first end (root) of which is towards the leading edge of a center portion of the rudder surface 11, is a small blade having a wing shape in cross-section and an upward camber and is attached higher than the center position C of the screw propeller 2 so as to extend upward at an angle (towards the upper right in Fig. 8 ).
- a second end (tip) of the first fin 31 extends to a position (region) inside the rotation radius P (see Figs. 12 and 13 ) of the screw propeller 2 where the upward flow is strongest.
- a flow that approaches a swirling flow formed as a combination of the rising flow and the inward flow may occur at the upper port side of the rudder surface; in such cases, it is possible to further increase the thrust producing effect of the fin by directing the attachment angle thereof at an upward inclination, as with the first fin 31 according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a right side view, taken from the starboard side, of a stern portion of a ship equipped with a finned rudder according to this embodiment
- Fig. 10 is a left side view, taken from the port side, of the stern portion of the ship equipped with the finned rudder according to this embodiment
- Fig. 11 is an elevational view, taken from the bow side, of the finned rudder according to this embodiment.
- a finned rudder 40 according to this embodiment differs from that in the second embodiment described above in that a first fin 41 is provided instead of the first fin 12.
- the other components are identical to those in the second embodiment described above, and therefore, a description thereof is omitted here.
- the first fin 41 As shown in Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 , the first fin 41 according to this embodiment, a first end (root) of which is towards the trailing edge of the top of the rudder bulb 21, is a small blade having a wing shape in cross-section and an upward camber and is attached higher than the center position C of the screw propeller 2 so as to extend at an upward inclination (towards the upper right in Fig. 11 ).
- a second end (tip) of the first fin 41 extends to a position (region) inside the rotation radius P (see Figs. 12 and 13 ) of the screw propeller 2 where the upward flow is strongest.
- the finned rudder according to the present invention can be applied to ships and commercial vessels such as gas carriers, tankers, container ships, ferries, roll-on roll-off (RORO) ships, car carriers, bulk carriers, and passenger ships. It is possible to thereby reduce the propulsion horsepower and improve fuel efficiency, thus holding promise for low-energy ships.
- RORO roll-on roll-off
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2008109270A JP2009255835A (ja) | 2008-04-18 | 2008-04-18 | フィン付き舵 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2110311A2 EP2110311A2 (en) | 2009-10-21 |
EP2110311A3 EP2110311A3 (en) | 2011-10-05 |
EP2110311B1 true EP2110311B1 (en) | 2013-05-01 |
Family
ID=40935697
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20090152042 Expired - Fee Related EP2110311B1 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2009-02-04 | Finned rudder |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2110311B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2009255835A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101559828B (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2411475T3 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101898631B (zh) * | 2010-07-23 | 2012-10-31 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 基于舵球式推力鳍的船舵装置 |
CN102001438B (zh) * | 2010-11-17 | 2013-06-05 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 一种推力舵 |
JP5689328B2 (ja) * | 2011-02-03 | 2015-03-25 | 住友重機械マリンエンジニアリング株式会社 | ラダーバルブ付き舵、船舶、及びラダーバルブ、並びにラダーバルブ付き舵の製造方法 |
KR101424383B1 (ko) * | 2013-01-15 | 2014-08-04 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | 선박용 러더 |
JP6554743B2 (ja) * | 2014-11-18 | 2019-08-07 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 近接二軸船のフィン付舵、船舶 |
CN105329431A (zh) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-02-17 | 无锡德林船舶设备有限公司 | 一种带推力鳍的船舵 |
CN107867385B (zh) * | 2016-09-28 | 2020-07-21 | 日本日联海洋株式会社 | 反应舵 |
CN107310704A (zh) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-11-03 | 胡斌 | 一种推进螺旋桨及高速航行不易侧翻的气动船只 |
CA3180413A1 (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2021-12-02 | Henning Kuhlmann | Arrangement to reduce a propulsion power requirement of a watercraft |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3410940A1 (de) * | 1984-03-24 | 1985-10-03 | Ishikawajima-Harima Jukogyo K.K., Tokio/Tokyo | Steuerruder mit fluegeln und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
JPS61278499A (ja) * | 1985-06-05 | 1986-12-09 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | 舵装置 |
JPS62137798U (ja) * | 1986-02-19 | 1987-08-31 | ||
DE3632590A1 (de) * | 1986-09-25 | 1988-04-07 | Maierform Sa | Schraubenantriebsanordnung fuer schiffe mit hinter der schiffsschraube angeordnetem stroemungsleitkoerper |
CN87209395U (zh) * | 1987-06-20 | 1988-02-17 | 武汉水运工程学院 | 装有整流构件的舵 |
JPH0443192A (ja) * | 1990-06-08 | 1992-02-13 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | 舵 |
JPH0485194A (ja) * | 1990-07-27 | 1992-03-18 | Nkk Corp | 船舶用舵 |
JPH0539090A (ja) * | 1991-08-08 | 1993-02-19 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | 舵 |
JPH06305487A (ja) * | 1993-04-21 | 1994-11-01 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | 舵 |
JP3004238B2 (ja) | 1997-11-06 | 2000-01-31 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | 船舶の推進性能向上装置 |
DE10047801A1 (de) * | 2000-09-23 | 2002-04-18 | Werner Gieser | Einrichtung zum Trimmen von Schiffen oder sonstigen Wasserfahrzeugen, insbesondere Segelbooten |
CN2457032Y (zh) * | 2000-12-04 | 2001-10-31 | 杨子明 | 具有抬升结构的船舵 |
JP2002178993A (ja) * | 2000-12-13 | 2002-06-26 | Nkk Corp | 船舶用舵 |
JP4363789B2 (ja) * | 2001-03-15 | 2009-11-11 | ジャパン・ハムワージ株式会社 | 船舶用高揚力舵 |
JP3751260B2 (ja) * | 2001-05-09 | 2006-03-01 | ジャパン・ハムワージ株式会社 | 大型船用二枚舵システム |
JP3944462B2 (ja) * | 2003-03-28 | 2007-07-11 | 三井造船株式会社 | フィン付き舵、船舶 |
KR100619302B1 (ko) * | 2005-04-26 | 2006-09-06 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | 선박용 추력 날개 |
JP2007055346A (ja) * | 2005-08-23 | 2007-03-08 | Nakashima Propeller Co Ltd | 舵板に取り付ける水平フィン |
-
2008
- 2008-04-18 JP JP2008109270A patent/JP2009255835A/ja active Pending
-
2009
- 2009-01-24 CN CN2009100098263A patent/CN101559828B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-02-04 EP EP20090152042 patent/EP2110311B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-02-04 ES ES09152042T patent/ES2411475T3/es active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2110311A3 (en) | 2011-10-05 |
CN101559828B (zh) | 2011-12-07 |
JP2009255835A (ja) | 2009-11-05 |
ES2411475T3 (es) | 2013-07-05 |
CN101559828A (zh) | 2009-10-21 |
EP2110311A2 (en) | 2009-10-21 |
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