EP2084454B1 - Kesselbrenner für festbrennstoffe der biomassen- oder reifenart und solch einen brenner umfassender kessel - Google Patents

Kesselbrenner für festbrennstoffe der biomassen- oder reifenart und solch einen brenner umfassender kessel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2084454B1
EP2084454B1 EP07866460.4A EP07866460A EP2084454B1 EP 2084454 B1 EP2084454 B1 EP 2084454B1 EP 07866460 A EP07866460 A EP 07866460A EP 2084454 B1 EP2084454 B1 EP 2084454B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
cylinder
boiler
air
shaft
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Not-in-force
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EP07866460.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2084454A2 (de
Inventor
Sylvian Longatte
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Individual
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Individual
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
    • F23B1/28—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support using ridge-type grate, e.g. for combustion of peat, sawdust, or pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/30—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber
    • F23B1/38—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber for combustion of peat, sawdust, or pulverulent fuel on a grate or other fuel support
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
    • F23B50/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom
    • F23B50/10—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom with the combustion zone at the bottom of fuel-filled conduits ending at the surface of a fuel bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B60/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving
    • F23B60/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving with combustion air supplied through a grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
    • F23G5/245—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber with perforated bottom or grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L17/00—Inducing draught; Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/40—Stationary bed furnace
    • F23G2203/401—Stationary bed furnace with support for a grate or perforated plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solid fuel boiler burner of biomass type, tire and a boiler comprising such a burner.
  • biomass includes all of the energies derived from the degradation of organic matter produced from solar energy transformed by the plants used either directly or after anaerobic digestion of the organic matter (biogas) or new chemical transformations (biofuel).
  • the present invention relates more particularly to the field of the use of biomass as a fuel supplying a boiler.
  • the burner constituting the combustion chamber of the boiler brings the fuel and the combustion agent consisting of air together for combustion.
  • This burner is generally constituted by an enclosure in which the filling of fuel and the admission of air as an oxidizer takes place.
  • a flame poorly fed with oxidizer is long and steaming because it looks for oxygen on its height. Also, in order to generate an air flow within the burner to promote the flame, there is provided in the boiler a fan for the admission of primary and secondary air and, most often, a fan for the outlet of the fumes. in the upper part of the boiler. The presence of these fans can cause maintenance problems due to their exposure to relatively high temperatures, these high temperatures being necessary for good combustion.
  • a heating device comprising in particular a fragmented fuel burner such as cereals which is adapted to allow the extraction of solid residues without external human intervention and without interrupting the operation of the heating device.
  • a self-cleaning burner thus consists of a perforated enclosure consisting of an upper part provided with upper and lower openings and a lower part also having an upper opening communicating with the lower opening of the upper part, the lower part being movably mounted in displacement between an operating position and a cleaning position in which its upper opening is directed downwards, closure means being provided for closing the lower opening of the upper part when the lower part is moved .
  • Such a boiler thus has the advantage that the air circulating under the effect of the depression can not follow a course other than that imposed on it by the depressing means in contrast to means of the drive type.
  • Such a boiler has a high efficiency by optimizing the combustion and the removal of the heat produced, in particular by means of the circulation of the rising air.
  • These means are conventional turbine type.
  • the heat exchanger On the opposite side walls of the heat exchanger, there is an inlet opening for the primary air and an outlet opening for the connecting pipe for supplying the primary air necessary for combustion.
  • the primary air passing horizontally from the inlet opening to the outlet opening is reheated in contact with the tubes containing the combustion gases.
  • the heated primary air passes through the duct to the boiler fuel combustion chamber and a considerable improvement in the efficiency is achieved with this air supply associated with the heat.
  • a fan-type unloader is arranged for the supply of primary air and the removal of the combustion gases in the flow path.
  • An axial fan is provided which is positioned between the heat exchanger and the chimney and operates as a vacuum in the flow path of the heat exchanger and the boiler and as a pressure generator in the heat exchanger. fireplace. So here we have a boiler with two floors and therefore bulky.
  • an incinerator for the combustion of solid waste such as pods.
  • This incinerator comprises a fireplace having vertically extending peripheral walls with a bottom portion defining the main combustion chamber, an intermediate section above defining an auxiliary combustion chamber, a cooling section above the intermediate section and a section high above the cooling section formed with an effluent outlet for the output of the combustion gases generated in the main and auxiliary combustion chamber.
  • a feed unit comprising an advance motor is used to deliver the solid waste to the home.
  • a space is arranged between the peripheral wall and a heat insulating screen extends all around the different sections with the exception of the upper part and the effluent outlet.
  • An air outlet in fluid communication with the space is formed in the peripheral wall of the heat shield and is adjacent to the upper portion thereof.
  • a fan is placed downstream of this air outlet and on an air duct for introducing air, via the open bottom end of the incinerator, into the space, the air outlet and into the air. dryer so that the introduced air is heated in space by the heat flow of the peripheral wall.
  • a temperature sensor is installed and generates electrical signals corresponding to the sensed temperature and is connected to a control unit that regulates the supply of solid waste from the home via the engine according to the dryer temperature.
  • a main fan is connected to the fireplace by an air duct and delivers air to said fireplace.
  • a solid waste support tray is disposed in the lower section of the hearth and has several holes for the passage of the ash which is fed to a low output by a wheel driven by a motor.
  • a rake is rotatably mounted via a motor above the support plate to stir the ashes and to facilitate the fall of the latter through the holes and thus increase the combustion efficiency of the fireplace.
  • the present invention therefore aims to provide a burner in which the combustion has been optimized so that it can be fed with different types of biomass while having optimized performance characteristics while being able to be integrated within a boiler. without this one needing to present two superimposed stages.
  • a burner it is possible to produce a boiler of different architecture, particularly at the level of the exchanger.
  • the present invention is directed towards a burner in which it is possible to use a solid fuel such as biomass that it consists of cereals, sunflower or rapeseed residues, granulated beets, wood pellets, of shredded wood, etc., but which also makes it possible to use other fuels such as used tires. That is to say a burner in which the combustion temperature can be very high.
  • a solid fuel such as biomass that it consists of cereals, sunflower or rapeseed residues, granulated beets, wood pellets, of shredded wood, etc.
  • the subject of the invention is a solid fuel burner such as biomass, tires, comprising a heating body consisting of a cylinder provided with solid fuel supply means and primary air intake means. as an oxidizer, said cylinder being provided in its lower part with a plate, said plate is positioned above primary air intake means, this plate provided with perforations being arranged to receive the fuel without the one it traverses it, and said burner further comprising inside said cylinder means generating a depression in the burner so as to create a primary air flow from below said plate, through it and fuel resting on it to a gas outlet duct at the top of said burner.
  • the depression generated within the burner heater by the means in the cylinder itself and therefore in the combustion chamber itself and no longer outside thereof upstream and / or downstream sucks the air from the bottom of the burner through the wall provided with perforation and thus accelerate the air through the burner, transport the gas formed at the base of the cylinder by raising the temperature to the outlet tube of the burner in the upper part of said cylinder, the cylinder having a height sufficient to separate the gases from unburnt particles which can go down to the wall of the cylinder; background.
  • bottom plate scraping means which also serves to level the fuel level so that air passes smoothly, scraping means playing a poker role to the surface of the fire, which accelerates it again. This scraping means is maintained at a certain height to prevent the fire from going out.
  • the fuel supply is effected from the upper part of the burner by means of distribution means such as a rotary lock.
  • distribution means such as a rotary lock.
  • This distribution of fuel is thus much more regular than with a worm and furthermore it has the advantage of being done without the passage of air from the outside of the burner inwards. It is thus capable of producing a metered, calibrated feed of the fuel.
  • the means for the depression in the burner and housed in said burner cylinder are constituted by means for supplying compressed air positioned in the upper part of the burner. cylinder and creating the vacuum in the manner of a venturi effect, the means for supplying compressed air being further directed to the gas outlet tube.
  • the vacuum thus created within the burner according to the invention is advantageously much larger than a vacuum created with an outdoor fan and even larger than that obtained by the natural draft of a chimney.
  • the compressed air brought directly into the cylinder is hot and therefore does not create any cold spots that could disrupt the operation.
  • these means for supplying compressed air are positioned so that the air of this "venturi effect” also provides the oxidant necessary for the combustion of the gases in the outlet tube of the burner. Indeed, the compressed air and the "venturi effect” generate a large thrust allowing a gas outlet in the upper part of the boiler.
  • the "Venturi effect” transforms the internal depression of the burn pot (cylinder) into pressure in the burner outlet tube in a few centimeters and without a mechanical part, using a simple nozzle. This transformation of the pressure is possible only because of the restricted space of the burner and the energy related to the compressed air. This concentration and the contribution by oxidizing at the outlet tube generate a flame at high temperature between 850 ° C and 1000 ° C depending on the fuel, which finalizes the combustion.
  • the supply of compressed air is done by means of a nozzle fed by a compressor and the adjustment of the compressed air pressure is carried out simply by means of a pressure regulator, which ensures optimal combustion regardless of the fuel used.
  • This internal depression created in the burner heater ensures safety in the spread of fire, especially with respect to the fuel supply.
  • a burner according to the invention requires the presence of little fuel, for example 100 grams of fuel for a burner of 30 Kw. Therefore, it ensures a fast stop for easier regulation.
  • a burner according to the invention therefore proposes a rapid combustion in a very hot restricted space and with a very large air circulation.
  • This concentration of combustion at the level of the burner alone generates a much higher heat than in a conventional boiler with a fan or natural draft that the air flow is done in depression or pressure (forced air).
  • the output of the gas-air mixture takes acceleration and compression related to the "Venturi" effect also in a small space.
  • a burner according to the invention due to the regularity of its supply of fuel and air does not require a too complex control system, in particular not requiring complex electronic control means.
  • the "venturi effect" occurring in the burner allows a greater air addition in a smaller space (therefore warmer) which allows pyrolysis at the burner outlet (torch effect) unlike a fan which has a higher speed. low and a larger output for the same rate.
  • the burner comprises an outer casing which defines with the cylinder an annular compartment constituting means for supplying air to the primary air intake means located under the bottom plate of the burner .
  • These air intake means simply consist of a space provided under the bottom plate of said burner into which air is supplied, said space being defined by said outer envelope extending under the cylinder.
  • the air circulating in the annular compartment surrounding the cylinder is heated which, when it enters the burner, further promotes combustion.
  • the burner is outside the boiler.
  • the space under the bottom plate constituting the primary air intake means may be defined by the cylinder itself or the boiler, air supply means opening into this space and causing the air from the bottom of the boiler.
  • These air supply means can be concentric with the outlet tubes of the exhaust gases of the boiler so that a heat exchange occurs permitting the heating of the primary air before admission into the burner which promotes combustion and cooling the exhaust gases before they exit the boiler. This optimizes the calorie yield.
  • the air intake means also consist of a space provided under the base plate of said burner into which air is supplied, the supply means of primary air being constituted by a tube extending, preferably centrally, in the cylinder from the upper part thereof and opening under the plate of said burner by a central opening of sufficient section for the primary air.
  • the primary air moving in this central tube within the burner is considerably warmed, which promotes combustion.
  • the invention also relates to a boiler comprising a burner according to the invention.
  • This boiler can therefore include a central burner in "all or nothing" operation, the burner feeding being done continuously in the heating phase.
  • a boiler is of the vertical cylindrical type, the burner being housed in the central high part.
  • a burner according to the invention and the boiler incorporating it can use as solid fuels cereals, granular beets, wood pellets, shredded wood, rapeseed cake and the like, but also shredded tires.
  • a boiler according to the invention requires few moving parts therefore few engines and therefore low maintenance.
  • the compressor is preferably outside the boiler, so it is not subject to temperature differences.
  • such a burner can also use the waste rapeseed (cake) resulting from the pressing rapeseed, for example to make fuel.
  • This calibrator serves as a distributor in the fuel supply under reserve.
  • the burner In the case of tires, provision is then made for the burner to have, at the level of the gas outlet tube, means for generating a flame, for example means for supplying propane or butane, which make it possible to burn the gases. during their escape of the burner, which very advantageously avoids any smell of burnt rubber.
  • the flame generation means are adjustable over a given range.
  • the burner according to the invention therefore makes it possible to use a solid fuel such as biomass, whatever this biomass, but also makes it possible to envisage the use of shredded used tires as a solid fuel without generating any of the disadvantages. usual especially unpleasant odors.
  • a larger nozzle can provide more compressed air output of the burner without increasing the vacuum within said burner. Consequently, such a nozzle makes it possible to burn off the excess gas generated without modifying the depression in the burner, in particular in the lower part of the latter, the circulation of the air is thus not modified.
  • Such a burner makes it possible to have an inverted gas-water flow (exit of the burner gases in the highest part of the boiler - output of the gases cooled in the lower part therefore at the arrival of colder water).
  • a burner according to the invention can also be arranged so as to be positioned on a conventional boiler door type fuel or wood so as to transform it. It will then preferably have a small capacity of about 10 to 15 Kw.
  • the burner according to the invention comprises a cylinder 1 made of refractory material such as refractory stainless steel and an outer shell la.
  • This refractory stainless steel has the advantage of having a small thickness. The caloric mass is therefore less important and thus the heating up for good combustion conditions can be done more quickly than with a refractory material of larger mass.
  • a fuel supply opening In the upper wall 1b closing the cylinder 1 is provided a fuel supply opening. Through this opening engages a fuel supply tube 5 connected to a fuel reserve 6a via a rotary valve 6 which regularly ensures the fuel supply of the burner.
  • the configuration of the lock, reserve and tube 5 allows the regularity of supply and even "dose, calibrate" this supply.
  • the lock can be linear or cylindrical but it must especially never let air.
  • the cylinder 1 further comprises a bottom wall 3 provided with perforations whose dimensions and perforations are chosen according to the power of the burner.
  • this bottom wall 3 constituting the bottom plate does not allow the fuel to pass but can let air through.
  • This perforated bottom wall 3, for example a grid, is preferably made of a refractory steel sheet.
  • the cylinder 1 of the burner is surrounded by an outer casing extending parallel to said cylinder 1 and extending in the lower part thereof substantially in conical form.
  • the burner further comprises primary air intake means in the cylinder 1 or heating body.
  • These air intake means 13 are positioned in the lower part of the burner below the bottom wall 3. The air is brought to the level of the intake means 13 constituted by the conical space defined between the wall 3 and the outer casing surrounding the cylinder and from the top of the burner, and therefore the boiler (see figure 3 ), via the annular compartment 1c formed between the cylinder 1 and said outer shell 1a.
  • the burner further comprises means for generating a depression within said burner, these means consist of compressed air distribution means 2 positioned in the upper part of the cylinder 1 of the burner.
  • the bottom wall provided with perforations 3 plays the role of a combustion nozzle, the air opening below being sucked by the depression prevailing in the cylinder 1 and through the fuel resting on it.
  • the burner thus operates substantially in the manner of a forge.
  • a shaft 8 preferably tubular, which extends through the upper wall of the cylinder 1 towards the combustion nozzle 3.
  • This shaft 8 can be rotated simultaneously with the rotary sluice 6, while its free end in the lower part of the cylinder 1 is provided with scraper means 9 or scraper which allows the fuel to spread evenly in the lower part of the cylinder 1 on the bottom wall 3 .
  • This scraper 9 makes it possible to level the fuel so that the air passing through the bottom wall 3 passes through the same thickness of fuel so that the fire is even over the entire surface of the burner.
  • This shaft 8 further comprises, in its upper outer part to the cylinder 1, an air inlet port 8a, optionally output at the bottom. The incoming air allows the cooling of the shaft 8.
  • Secondary air intake means in the form of a tube 11 extending parallel to said shaft 8 and connected to the primary air supply means 1c are also provided.
  • This tube 11 opens into the upper part of the cylinder 1 and ensures the continuity of the flame in the upper part of the burner, at the level of the venturi effect.
  • an electrical resistance inserted in a ceramic is housed in a tube 14 and ensures ignition of the fuel in the bottom of the burner.
  • An air supply lower than in operating mode is expected the time of ignition.
  • the air passing between the burn pot (cylinder 1) and the outer casing 1a of the burner heats up for better combustion. This air has an adjustable flow rate to be able to differentiate the pre-combustion-gasification of the post-combustion (more air to the "venturi effect" generates more depression).
  • the gases at the exit of the burner (represented by the black arrows on the figure 3 ) are projected (cyclone effect) so as to turn around the burner so that the particles are projected on the inner face 15a of a wall 15 of the boiler defining with the outer wall 18 of said boiler a compartment E in which s' flows (white arrows) water heating by heat exchange with the gases.
  • the gases are then taken up in the lower part at the outlets 16 formed in the center, so once they are less hot and without particles. Ashes descend by gravitation to a drawer 17 at the bottom of the boiler.
  • These drive means may in particular consist of a cylinder, preferably pneumatic.
  • a closure means 19 which obstructs the outlet of the residues in the form of clinker. When the drawer 17 is taken out, this "clinker" falls into the ashes.
  • the resulting metal parts accumulate on the bottom wall 3.
  • This bottom wall 3 is then preferably arranged to rotate by 90 ° (shown in dashed line at the bottom). figure 1 ) around an axis so that the metal waste falls into the ashtray 17.
  • the means for supplying primary air to the lower part of the burner are formed in the lower part of the boiler and consist of a concentric tube 20 to the gas outlets 16 which allows to heat the primary air while cooling the exhaust gas before leaving the boiler.
  • This tube 20 opens into the lower part of the cylinder 1 substantially of conical shape, under the bottom plate 3, constituting the primary air intake means.
  • the burner shown in the boiler of the figure 4 therefore does not have an outer casing defining an air supply compartment.
  • the secondary air intake means are not represented at figures 3 and 4 but can of course be present.
  • the burner shown in figure 5 comprises a cylinder 1 '.
  • a fuel supply opening In the upper wall 1'b closing the cylinder 1 is provided a fuel supply opening. Through this opening engages a fuel supply tube 5 connected to a fuel reserve 6a via a rotary valve 6 which regularly ensures the fuel supply of the burner.
  • Lock 6 can be linear or cylindrical, but above all it must never let air in.
  • the cylinder 1 'further comprises a plate or bottom grid 3' having substantially the same characteristics as previously described.
  • the burner 1 ' also comprises means for generating a vacuum within said burner, these means consist of compressed air distribution means 2' positioned in the upper part of the burner.
  • the bottom wall provided with perforations 3' plays the role of a combustion nozzle, the air opening below being sucked by the depression prevailing in the cylinder 1 'and passes through the fuel resting on it.
  • the burner thus operates substantially in the manner of a forge.
  • the burner further comprises primary air intake means in the cylinder 1 'or heating body. These air intake means 13 'consist of a space formed under the plate or grid 3'.
  • the means for supplying primary air to said air intake means are constituted by a tube 130 extending in the cylinder 1 'from the upper wall 1'b thereof and opening under the grid 3' in space 13 '. In this way, the primary air circulating in the tube 130 is heated to the heart of the cylinder 1 and opens into the space 13 'considerably heated, which promotes combustion.
  • a shaft 8' which extends through the upper wall of the cylinder 1 'in the tube 130 to the combustion nozzle 3.
  • This shaft 8' is drivable in rotation simultaneously with the rotary lock 6, while its free end in the lower part of the cylinder 1 'carries the gate 3' which, as a result, is also rotated at a speed identical to that of the fuel supply 6 so that the fuel is distributed very evenly thereon.
  • the shaft 8 'extending into said tube 130, the air intake is thus also less hot.
  • This shaft 8 ' rotates the grid 3' which is thus drivable in rotation
  • Scraper means 9 'or scraper is rotatably mounted in the cylinder 1' so that the rotation of the grid 3 'with respect to said scraper 9' allows the fuel to be spread evenly in the lower part. of the cylinder 1 'on said bottom wall 3'.
  • This scraper 9 allows to level the fuel so that the air passing through the bottom wall 3' passes through the same thickness of fuel so that the fire is even over the entire surface of the burner.
  • the grid 3 ' preferably has a diameter substantially corresponding to the internal diameter of the cylinder 1 while the space 13' formed under the grid 3 'has a larger diameter.
  • the grid 3 ' is lowerable in said space 13' thus releasing the periphery of the grid 3 '.
  • the scraper 9' When the grid 3 'is lowered, the scraper 9' is also lowered with a greater amplitude so that it abuts against said grid 3 ', scraping position thereof.
  • the rotation of the grid 3 ' allows the scraper 9' fixed in rotation but inclined relative to the axis of rotation of the grid 3 ', to scrape said grid 3' which rotates and to evacuate the residues then eliminated at the periphery of the grid 3 'and falling in the space 13'.
  • the bottom 23 of the space 13 ' is pivotally mounted about an axis 24 so as to open when the shaft 8' which rests against said bottom 23 is lowered to lower the gate 3 '. In this way, the residues falling in the space 13 'are evacuated by gravity in an ash drawer of the boiler formed under said space 13'.
  • This lowering of the shaft 8 ', the grid 3' and the scraper 9 ' can be implemented using remote axes.
  • This shaft 8 ' has in fact, in its upper outer part to the cylinder 1', an axis 21 extending transversely to said shaft 8 '.
  • This axis 21 is pivotally mounted at one end 21a, which is lower than a pivot point 21b of this axis 21 on the shaft 8 'itself lower than the opposite end 21c of the axis 21 mounted at the end of the rod of a cylinder 22, preferably pneumatic and connected to the compressor means for admission of compressed air.
  • the wiper 9 ' is, meanwhile, carried by a shaft 9a' extending parallel to the shaft 8 'and whose end is pivotally mounted at 21d on the axis 21 adjacent the end 21c.
  • Secondary air intake means in the form of a tube 11 'connected to the primary air supply means 130 are also provided.
  • an electrical resistance inserted in a ceramic is housed in a tube 14 'and ensures ignition of the fuel in the bottom of the burner.
  • An air supply lower than in operating mode is expected the time of ignition. Air is propelled around this resistance and comes from a jet of compressed air timed by a solenoid valve.
  • a boiler equipped with such a burner is shown in Figures 6 and 7 .
  • the gases at the exit of the burner are projected from an outlet tube 4 'of the curved gases (cyclone effect) so as to turn around the burner so that the particles are projected on the inner face 50a of a wall 50 of the boiler defining with an outer wall 60 of said boiler a compartment E in which flows the water heating by heat exchange with the gases (1 st floor).
  • the gases are then taken up in the lower part, so once they are less hot and without particles, by a gas outlet 40.
  • the boiler further comprises a second heating stage 30 of the heating return water (black arrows) with the cooled gases of the first stage.
  • This gas outlet 40 allows to take colder gas in the lower part of the main body of the boiler.
  • the vertical part 41 of the T makes it possible to cool the colder gases with water at a lower temperature.
  • This gas outlet 40 T-shaped separates any particles from combustion.
  • a cleaning pad allows to evacuate the residues and to channel the condensation at low temperature.
  • the inlet end 42 of the outlet tube 40 of the gases in the lower part of the main body is cut in a bevel so as not to cause descending particles in the exhaust duct 41.
  • a tube 31 makes it possible to take up the water in the upper part of the second heating body and inject it into the lower part of the main body on the other side of the partition 50.
  • a burner 1 "according to the invention which is arranged to be positioned on the door P of a boiler of conventional type, such a burner 1" is fed with fuel using a lock 6 "provided with a hopper 6a “positioned in the boiler and by a connected tube 5" inclined to the burner 1 "through the door P.
  • a deflector 5a" positioned at the end of the tube 5 “allows a distribution on the bottom plate 3 "Burner 1".
  • the tube 14 "enclosing the ignition resistor is arranged horizontally, while the primary air intake means 13" consist of a space under the bottom plate 3 ", provided with a bottom 23. ".
  • the primary air supply means 130 “consist of a chamber formed between the boiler door and the burner 1" so that this air is heated before entering the intake means 13 ".
  • secondary air intake means in the form of a tube 11 "connected to the primary air supply means 130", are also provided. This tube 11 "opens into the cylinder 1" and ensures the continuity of the flame in the upper part of the burner, at the venturi effect V generated by compressed air distribution means 2 "positioned in the upper part of the burner at the gas outlet tube 4".

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Claims (22)

  1. Brenner für Festbrennstoff, wie z B. Biomasse, Reifen, umfassend einen aus einem Zylinder (1, 1', 1") gebildeten Heizkörper, der mit Versorgungsmitteln mit Festbrennstoffen und Einlassmitteln für Primärluft (13, 13', 13") als Brennstoff versehen ist, wobei der genannte Zylinder (1, 1', 1") in seinem unteren Teil mit einer Platte (3, 3', 3") versehen ist, wobei die genannte Platte oberhalb der Einlassmittel für Primärluft (13, 13', 13') positioniert ist, wobei diese mit Perforierungen versehene Platte (3, 3', 3") angeordnet ist, um den Brennstoff zu empfangen, ohne dass dieser sie durchquert, und der genannte Brenner darüber hinaus im Innern des genannten Zylinders (1, 1', 1") Mittel umfasst, die einen Unterdruck innerhalb des Brenners derart generieren, dass eine Primärluftzirkulation von der Unterseite der genannten Platte (3, 3', 3") durch diese hindurch und den darauf abgelegten Brennstoff bis zu einer Ausgangsleitung (4, 4', 4") der Gase im oberen Teil des genannten Brenners geschaffen wird und dass die zur Schaffung eines Unterdrucks innerhalb des Brenners geeigneten Mittel durch Zuleitungsmittel für Druckluft (2, 2', 2") gebildet sind, die im oberen Teil des Zylinders (1, 1', 1") des Brenners positioniert sind und einen Unterdruck schaffenden Venturieffekt generieren.
  2. Brenner gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei die Zuleitungsmittel für Druckluft (2, 2', 2") derart positioniert sind, dass die Luft dieses Venturieffekts ebenfalls den für die Verbrennung in einer Ausgangsröhre (4, 4', 4") des Brenners notwendigen Brennstoff liefert.
  3. Brenner gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Mittel zur regelmäßigen Versorgung mit Festbrennstoff aus einer Versorgungsröhre (5, 5', 5") gebildet sind, die durch eine in dem Zylinder (1) ausgesparte Öffnung eingreift und über eine rotierende Schleuse (6, 6"), die auf regelmäßige Weise die Versorgung des Brenners mit Brennstoff gewährleistet, mit einem Brennstofflager (6a, 6a") verbunden ist.
  4. Brenner gemäß Anspruch 1 bis 3, wobei die Einlassmittel für Luft aus einem Raum (13, 13', 13") gebildet sind, der unter der Bodenplatte (3, 3', 3") des genannten Brenners ausgespart ist, in den die Luft zugeleitet wird.
  5. Brenner gemäß Anspruch 1 bis 4, der ein Rakelmittel der Bodenplatte (3, 3') umfasst, das ebenfalls zum Nivellieren des Niveaus des Brennstoffs dient, damit die Luft regelmäßig hindurchtritt.
  6. Brenner gemäß Anspruch 5, der innerhalb des Zylinders (1) eine röhrenförmige Welle (8) umfasst, die sich durch die obere Wand des Zylinders (1) zur Bodenwand (3) erstreckt, wobei diese Welle (8) an ihrem äußeren Ende am Zylinder (1) in Rotation antreibbar ist, während ihr freies Ende in dem unteren Teil des Zylinders (1) mit Rakelmitteln (9) versehen ist.
  7. Brenner gemäß Anspruch 6, der Antriebsmittel der Welle (8) in Translation derart umfasst, dass das Rakelmittel (9) seiner Verteilerposition des Brennstoffs in einer Kontaktposition mit der Platte (3) derart abgesenkt wird, dass das Rakelmittel (9) dann zum Zermahlen der auf der Düse (3) vorhandenen Rückstände dient, um sie durch die Perforierungen der Düse (3) hindurchtreten zu lassen.
  8. Brenner gemäß Anspruch 7, der innerhalb des Zylinders (1) eine röhrenförmige Welle (8') umfasst, die sich durch die obere Wand des Zylinders (1) zur Bodenwand (3) erstreckt, wobei diese Welle (8') an ihrem äußeren Ende am Zylinder (1) in Rotation antreibbar ist, während ihr freies Ende die Bodenplatte (3') trägt, die somit in Rotation mit der genannten Welle (8') angetrieben wird, wobei das Rakelmittel (9') im Zylinder (1') in Rotation fest montiert ist.
  9. Brenner gemäß Anspruch 8, wobei die Bodenplatte (3') einen Durchmesser aufweist, der deutlich dem Innendurchmesser des Zylinders (1') entspricht, während der die Einlassmittel für Luft bildende Raum (13'), der unter der genannten Bodenplatte (3') ausgespart ist, einen größeren Durchmesser aufweist.
  10. Brenner gemäß Anspruch 8 oder 9, der Antriebsmittel der Welle (8') in Translation derart umfasst, dass die Bodenplatte (3') in dem Raum (13') abgesenkt wird und damit die Peripherie der Platte (3') freigesetzt wird, wobei das Rakelmittel (9') ebenfalls mit einer größeren Amplitude derart abgesenkt wird, dass dieses gegen die genannte Bodenplatte (3') in der Rakelposition derselben zum Anschlag kommt.
  11. Brenner gemäß Anspruch 10, wobei der Boden (23) des Raums (13') schwenkbar um eine Achse (24) derart montiert ist, dass er sich öffnet, wenn die Welle (8'), die mit dem genannten Boden (23) fest verbunden ist, gesenkt wird, um die Bodenplatte (3') zu senken und sich zu schließen, wenn die Welle (8') wieder hochgefahren wird.
  12. Brenner gemäß Anspruch 10 oder 11, wobei die Welle (8') in ihrem oberen äußeren Teil am Zylinder (1') eine Achse (21) umfasst, die sich transversal zur genannten Welle (8') erstreckt, wobei diese Achse (21) schwenkbar an einem Ende (21a) montiert ist das sich in einer niedrigeren Position als einem Angelpunkt (21b) dieser Achse (21) auf der Welle (8') befindet, die selbst niedriger ist als das entgegengesetzte Ende (21c) der Achse (21), das am Ende des Stiftes (22a) eines Druckzylinders (22) montiert ist, wobei das Rakelmittel (9') durch eine Welle (9a') getragen ist, die sich parallel zu der Welle (8') erstreckt, deren Ende schwenkbar in (21d) auf der Achse (21) in der Nähe des Endes (21c) montiert ist.
  13. Brenner gemäß einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Zuleitungsmittel für Primärluft (130) aus einer Röhre gebildet sind, die sich zentral in dem Zylinder (1') durch die obere Wand (1b') desselben erstrecken und unter der Platte (3') des genannten Brenners durch eine zentrale Öffnung mit ausreichendem Querschnitt für die Primärluft münden.
  14. Brenner gemäß Anspruch 13, wobei die Röhre (130) an der Welle (8') konzentrisch ist und diese umgibt.
  15. Brenner gemäß Anspruch 1 bis 14, der darüber hinaus eine äußere Hülle umfasst, die mit dem Zylinder ein ringförmiges Fach bildet, in das die Primärluft bis zum Einlassmittel für Luft (13) zugeleitet wird.
  16. Brenner gemäß Anspruch 6 bis 15, wobei der Antrieb der Welle (8, 8') in Rotation gleichzeitig mit der rotierenden Schleuse (6) realisiert ist.
  17. Brenner gemäß Anspruch 6 bis 15, wobei die Zulassungsmittel für Sekundärluft aus einer Röhre (11) gebildet sind, die an die Zuleitungs- und / oder Einlassmittel für Primärluft angeschlossen ist, welche sich in dem Zylinder (1) erstrecken und in den oberen Teil des Zylinders (1) derart einmünden, dass die Kontinuität der Flamme im oberen Teil des Brenners hinsichtlich des Venturieffekts gewährleistet ist.
  18. Brenner gemäß Anspruch 1 bis 17, wobei Erzeugungsmittel einer Flamme, wie z. B. Ausgabemittel eines Gases, wie z. B. Propan, Butan, in der Ausgangsröhre (4) vorgesehen sind.
  19. Kessel für Feststoff, wie z. B. Biomasse, der wenigstens einen Brenner gemäß Anspruch 1 bis 18 umfasst.
  20. Kessel gemäß Anspruch 19, wobei die Zuleitungsmittel für Primärluft von dem Kessel bis zum unteren Teil des Brenners im unteren Teil des Kessels ausgespart sind und aus einer konzentrischen Röhre (20) an den Gasausgängen (16) gebildet sind, was das Heizen der Primärluft und das Abkühlen der Ausgangsgase zulässt.
  21. Kessel gemäß Anspruch 19, der eine zweite Erhitzungsebene (30) des von der Heizung zurückfließenden Wassers mit den abgekühlten Gasen der ersten Ebene umfasst, wobei ein T-förmiger Gasausgang, der es zulässt, im unteren Teil des Hauptkörpers des Kessels kältere Gase zu nehmen, während der vertikale Teil (41) des Ts es zulässt, kältere Gase mit dem Wasser bei niedrigerer Temperatur abzukühlen, wobei eine Röhre (31) es zulässt, das Wasser im oberen Teil des zweiten Heizkörpers zu nehmen und es den unteren Teil des Hauptkörpers der anderen Seite einer Zwischenwand (50) des ersten Niveaus des Kessels wieder zurückzunehmen.
  22. Klassischer Kessel vom Typ Heizöl oder Holz, der einen Brenner gemäß Anspruch 1 bis 18 umfasst, welcher angeordnet ist, um auf der Tür P des Kessels vom klassischen Typ positioniert zu sein.
EP07866460.4A 2006-10-27 2007-10-29 Kesselbrenner für festbrennstoffe der biomassen- oder reifenart und solch einen brenner umfassender kessel Not-in-force EP2084454B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0609469A FR2907881B1 (fr) 2006-10-27 2006-10-27 Bruleur pour chaudiere a combustibles solides du type biomasse,pneu ainsi qu'une chaudiere comportant un tel bruleur
PCT/FR2007/001789 WO2008059131A2 (fr) 2006-10-27 2007-10-29 Brûleur pour chaudière à combustibles solides du type biomasse, pneu ainsi qu'une chaudière comportant un tel brûleur

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EP2084454A2 EP2084454A2 (de) 2009-08-05
EP2084454B1 true EP2084454B1 (de) 2016-03-09

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US (1) US20100132596A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2084454B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2681615A1 (de)
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WO (1) WO2008059131A2 (de)

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Publication number Publication date
WO2008059131A3 (fr) 2008-07-03
FR2907881B1 (fr) 2017-11-03
WO2008059131A2 (fr) 2008-05-22
EP2084454A2 (de) 2009-08-05
FR2907881A1 (fr) 2008-05-02
CA2681615A1 (fr) 2008-05-22
US20100132596A1 (en) 2010-06-03

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