EP3030938B1 - Reglersystem für eine mechanische uhr - Google Patents

Reglersystem für eine mechanische uhr Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3030938B1
EP3030938B1 EP14741892.5A EP14741892A EP3030938B1 EP 3030938 B1 EP3030938 B1 EP 3030938B1 EP 14741892 A EP14741892 A EP 14741892A EP 3030938 B1 EP3030938 B1 EP 3030938B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resonator
tuning fork
regulator system
wheel
escapement
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP14741892.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3030938A2 (de
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Mignot
Jean-Jacques Born
Rudolf Dinger
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Publication of EP3030938A2 publication Critical patent/EP3030938A2/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C5/00—Electric or magnetic means for converting oscillatory to rotary motion in time-pieces, i.e. electric or magnetic escapements
    • G04C5/005—Magnetic or electromagnetic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/08—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/08—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically
    • G04C3/10—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically driven by electromagnetic means
    • G04C3/101—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically driven by electromagnetic means constructional details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/08—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically
    • G04C3/10—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically driven by electromagnetic means
    • G04C3/101—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically driven by electromagnetic means constructional details
    • G04C3/104—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically driven by electromagnetic means constructional details of the pawl or the ratched-wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/08—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically
    • G04C3/10—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically driven by electromagnetic means
    • G04C3/101—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically driven by electromagnetic means constructional details
    • G04C3/104—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically driven by electromagnetic means constructional details of the pawl or the ratched-wheel
    • G04C3/105—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically driven by electromagnetic means constructional details of the pawl or the ratched-wheel pawl and ratched-wheel being magnetically coupled
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C5/00—Electric or magnetic means for converting oscillatory to rotary motion in time-pieces, i.e. electric or magnetic escapements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the regulating system of a mechanical timepiece.
  • regulating system or regulating organ is meant two separate devices: the resonator and the escapement.
  • the resonator is the organ producing a periodic movement which constitutes the time base of the timepiece.
  • Well-known resonators are pendulums oscillating under the effect of gravitation, balance wheels forming with the associated hairspring a mechanical resonator oscillating around the shaft of the balance wheel and tuning forks oscillating by elastic deformation of their structure.
  • the best known realization of tuning forks is the tuning fork used in music, the one produced in greatest number however is the resonator made of crystalline quartz used as a time base for electronic watches.
  • the escapement is the connecting element between the gear train of the timepiece and the resonator.
  • the escapement has two functions. First, it must transmit to the resonator the energy necessary to maintain its oscillation. This function is normally performed by a mechanism transmitting to the resonator energy from the last wheel of the gear (hereafter called the escapement wheel). In addition to transmitting the energy supplying the resonator, the escapement must control the speed of progress of the gear train and synchronize it with the oscillation of the resonator. This second function is normally carried out by a part of the escapement mechanism which engages in the teeth of the escape wheel and only allows the active tooth to pass when the resonator has oscillated.
  • a major disadvantage of contact with the resonator involving friction is the fact of disturbing the movement of the resonator with forces which are not of the so-called “elastic” type of forces. This means that the resonator is disturbed with forces influencing its natural frequency. This disturbance influences the horological performances of the piece. It is easily understood that the disturbance of the movement of the resonator depends on the magnitude of the interaction of the escapement with the resonator. As the escapement wheel is driven by the gear train and the latter by the mainspring, the chronometric error created by the contact between the escapement mechanism and the resonator depends on the state of the mainspring. : the chronometric error is different if the barrel spring is very tight compared to the situation of a watch where the barrel spring is almost completely relaxed. This chronometric error is well known to specialists under the name of isochronism error.
  • EP 1 967 919 B1 describes a coaxial escapement improving the conditions for transmitting energy between the escapement wheel and the resonator.
  • this type of escapement is an improvement over the Swiss lever escapement, it cannot avoid sliding contacts and therefore cannot avoid the friction losses mentioned above.
  • Friction losses can, however, be avoided if the transmission of energy by mechanical contact is replaced by a transmission without contact, for example by magnetic or electrostatic forces. These obviously have no friction losses.
  • An escapement where the mechanical contacts are replaced by magnets is called a magnetic escapement.
  • Magnetic escapements have been known for a very long time.
  • HS Baker was the first to file a patent (US) for a magnetic escapement in 1927, followed by CF Clifford (1938) and R. Straumann in 1941.
  • US patent
  • the resonator is a tuning fork shaped resonator in its shape similar to the tuning forks known from music.
  • the tuning fork resonator has indeed a large number of advantages compared to the spiral balance wheel resonator. Firstly, it does not need bearings and therefore its quality factor is not degraded by friction in the bearings (its losses by oscillation are lower) and the tuning fork resonator does not need lubrication likely to request regular watch services. It is also well known that the tuning fork resonator provides much better chronometric performance than a balance-spring resonator.
  • Max Hetzel and the Bulova company are at the origin of wristwatches equipped with tuning fork-shaped resonators, his patent was filed in 1953, and the technology used is described for example in the document US 2,971,323 .
  • Three producers have marketed more than six million watches according to the principles described in this document; the company Bulova with the product called “Accutron”, the company Citizen with the product called “HiSonic” and the company Ebauches SA with a product called “Swissonic 100” or “Mosaba”. The three products, however, were not mechanical watches.
  • the tuning fork resonator was in fact driven and maintained in oscillation by an electronic circuit supplying electrical impulses to two coils located opposite of magnets attached to the ends of the arms of the tuning fork similar to the product of the aforementioned Junghans company.
  • the cog was driven by the tuning fork by means of a ratchet mechanism attached to one of the branches.
  • the energy for the operation of the watch came from the power supply of the transistor driver circuit of the tuning fork. They were indeed electric or electronic watches.
  • These products demonstrated the superior chronometric performance of a resonator in the form of a tuning fork compared to a balance-spring resonator: their rate accuracy was better than that of a watch fitted with a balance-spring resonator. It is also well known that the rate precision of an electronic quartz watch is much higher than that of a mechanical watch. This is also due to the stability of the quartz tuning fork resonator regulating the operation of these products.
  • EP 2 466 401 A1 shows the tuning fork with two magnets (one magnet on each arm) similar to the aforementioned tuning fork watches.
  • the escapement function is performed according to this document by an escapement wheel carrying a multitude of magnets located between the arms of the tuning fork and in such a way that the magnets of the tuning fork are opposite a pair of wheel magnets exhaust as shown in the figure 1 of this request.
  • the operation of the magnetic escapement according to EP 2 466 401 A1 is described in this document and is here only briefly summarized for the description of the invention which is the subject of the present application.
  • a resonator is characterized by the fact that its vibration amplitude becomes very large when it is excited at its own resonant frequency and this is also the case with the tuning fork resonator described in the document EP 2 466 401 A1 .
  • the magnets of the tuning fork also exert a tangential force on the magnets of the escape wheel. This tangential force acts in the direction of braking the escapement wheel when it begins to anticipate the speed given by the oscillations of the tuning fork. It is this tangential force which synchronizes the speed of the escapement wheel with the frequency of the tuning fork and thereby controls the rate of the watch.
  • the device according to the document EP 2 466 401 A1 has however several disadvantages which are the consequence of the fact that the tuning fork interacts with the escapement wheel so as to produce tangential forces which vary greatly when the wheel advances by one tooth. It is easily understood that the tangential forces acting on the escapement wheel produce a torque which pulls the wheel into the position where the magnets on the wheel and on the tuning fork are opposite and of opposite polarity. This is the position of stable equilibrium. Starting from the position of stable equilibrium and turning the escape wheel p. ex. Clockwise interaction between the magnets on the wheel and on the tuning fork will first create a torque pulling the wheel back into the equilibrium position. This is the case until the magnets of identical polarity are opposite each other.
  • the first consequence is the fact that the escape wheel is blocked by the forces of the magnets when it is stationary. It is easy to understand that, if the magnets of the escape wheel are opposite the magnets of the tuning fork and of opposite polarity, the two pairs of magnets attract each other and the escape wheel remains blocked in this position. This situation occurs each time the train of the watch is stopped, which occurs if the watch is not worn and stops at the end of its power reserve, but also when setting the time when the gear train is stopped for start-up at the precise second. This phenomenon is well known and typical for timepieces provided with a magnetic escapement of the prior art. Timepieces fitted with magnetic escapements of the C.F. Clifford type had sophisticated mechanisms for spinning the escape wheel when the movement was started.
  • the second disadvantage of the system described in EP 2 466 401 A1 is its sensitivity to desynchronization in the event of a shock. Placing magnets on the escape wheel and on the arms of the tuning fork leads to significant forces between the two regulating organs.
  • the mechanical power needed to synchronize a mechanical watch is very small. The mechanical power being given by the product between the tangential force and the speed, it is found that large forces necessarily lead to low speeds. In the case of a rotary motion, they lead to a low escape wheel rotational speed. Wristwatches in particular are subjected to quite violent shocks. If the watch falls on the ground, shocks of several thousand times the terrestrial acceleration are reached. Even in normal use, shocks producing accelerations much higher than Earth's acceleration are common.
  • a shock is not usually not just linear acceleration, the watch normally touches or falls on a corner of the room so the acceleration is a combination of linear acceleration and angular acceleration. If the angular component of the acceleration due to the shock accelerates the escapement wheel to an angular velocity exceeding the speed of synchronization with the tuning fork, the aforementioned synchronization mechanism will no longer work and the escapement wheel continues to accelerate, driven by the gear train and the barrel spring of the watch. In such a case, the watch loses all its chronometric qualities, the hands turn at a much too high speed.
  • the tuning fork resonator is indeed a tuning fork in the shape of an oscillating bar, bent in a U.
  • This type of tuning fork is well known in music and is used to tune instruments. It is known from its application in music that this type of tuning fork transmits its vibration through its rod attached to the middle of the U of the tuning fork. The musician knows well that the sound of the tuning fork is much more audible if the tuning fork is placed on a surface capable of vibrating at its frequency, for example on the lid of the piano.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the magnetic escapements of the prior art by providing a regulating system for a mechanical timepiece based on the magnetic interaction between a resonator and an escapement wheel, such as defined by patent claim 1. This is achieved with a magnetic escapement interacting with the resonator with negligible tangential forces when the resonator is stopped and generally lower so as to allow a sufficiently high rotational speed of the escape wheel to render the timepiece insensitive. to shocks.
  • One of the preferred embodiments of the invention makes it possible to synchronize the escape wheel with the tuning fork resonator at each half-oscillation of the tuning fork resonator, which further increases the resistance to shocks.
  • the tuning fork resonator according to one of the embodiments of the invention has a structure allowing solid embedding ensuring the resistance to shocks of the resonator and of its assembly.
  • FIG. 1 shows the prior art according to the document EP 2 466 401 A1 .
  • the U-shaped tuning fork resonator 1 carries at the end of each branch a permanent magnet 2 oriented so that the magnetic fields created by the magnets are in the same direction.
  • the escape wheel 3 is arranged between the branches of the tuning fork and carries in the example drawn six permanent magnets 4 alternately oriented so as to show the magnets of the tuning fork opposite or identical magnetic poles.
  • the escape wheel also carries the pinion 5 meshing in the gear train of the timepiece.
  • FIG. 1a shows the tangential forces that develop when the escape wheel turns slowly and the resonator is stationary. This is the starting situation of the watch movement.
  • the geometry in figure 1 being symmetrical with respect to a plane through the axis of the wheel and passing through the magnets of the tuning fork, there can be no tangential force.
  • the magnets of opposite polarity attract each other which will produce the forces 7 and 8. It can be seen that the two tangential forces produce a torque on the wheel exhaust which acts in the same direction and against rotation in the direction of arrow 6.
  • figure 1b shows the resulting tangential force (the sum of the two forces 7 and 8 shown in picture 1a ) of the prior art according to the figure 1 as a function of the angle of rotation of the escape wheel 3.
  • the angle of rotation represented corresponds to the advancement of the escape wheel from one position of stable equilibrium to the next.
  • the movement begins with the angle of rotation 0 in the situation drawn in figure 1 .
  • This situation corresponds to the stable equilibrium of the escape wheel and it is indicated by the arrow designated by A.
  • the escape wheel will have made the half of the rotation (denoted by 0.5) and it arrives in the position of unstable equilibrium.
  • FIG 2 shows one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • the escapement wheel 9 carries a crown of ferromagnetic material 10 provided with internal 11 and external 12 toothing.
  • the escapement wheel meshes with the wheel train of the timepiece by means of the pinion 13.
  • clockwork and its mainspring (barrel spring) are well known and are not shown in the figures.
  • Above the ferromagnetic crown 10 is the tuning fork resonator 14.
  • the tuning fork resonator comprises two branches 16 and 17 attached to a solid base 15.
  • the embodiment drawn schematically in figure 2 is explained in more detail with reference to figures 3 and 4 which show the sections through the structure in the planes AA' and B-B', the view in these sections is in the direction of the arrows in fig.2 .
  • FIG. 3 is a central section through the escape wheel in plane BB' showing the interaction between the ferromagnetic structure and the tuning fork resonator.
  • the hatched surfaces correspond to cut parts of the structure, while the white surfaces are visible surfaces outside the plane of the cut.
  • the two branches of the tuning fork 16 and 17 which can be seen here cut close to their free end carry magnets 18 and 19.
  • the indication “N/S” in the magnets indicates their polarity.
  • the bottom side of the magnets carries pole pieces 20 and 21 which direct the flux magnetic to the ferromagnetic structure 10 of the escape wheel. In the position drawn in the figure 2 And 3 , the right pole piece 21 is opposite a tooth of the ferromagnetic structure while the left pole piece 20 is between two teeth.
  • FIG. 4 shows the central section according to the plane A - A'.
  • the figure shows the mounting of the tuning fork in the cage of the movement 22, this part is normally called “plate” by the person skilled in the art and, in a highly schematic way, the bearing of the escapement wheel.
  • the central section is seen through the escapement wheel, the shaft of the wheel 23 being interrupted in the region of the magnets and the tuning fork to allow the representation of those elements which are outside the plane of the section.
  • the foot of the tuning fork 15 is cut and we see the rigid mounting that the structure of the tuning fork according to the invention allows to achieve.
  • FIG. 2 And 3 show that the embodiment according to the invention causes the tuning fork to interact with the crown made of ferromagnetic material with its external toothing on one arm of the tuning fork (the arm 16) and with the internal toothing on the other arm (the arm 17). It is also noted that the interaction with the ring gear is alternating, when the pole piece of the right arm 17 is opposite a tooth of the ferromagnetic ring gear 10, the pole piece of the other arm 16 is between two teeth.
  • FIG. 5 shows the tangential forces 25 and 26 which develop in the structure according to the invention when the escape wheel rotates in the direction of the arrow 24. It can be seen that by turning the escape wheel clockwise by relative to its position of equilibrium, a pole piece of the tuning fork moves away from one tooth of the ferromagnetic structure while the other approaches. This will produce tangential forces as drawn by arrows 25 and 26 and it will be seen that the two tangential forces produce torques at the escape wheel in opposite directions. As a result, the torques created by the tangential forces cancel each other out.
  • FIG. 6 is a graphical representation of the tangential forces 25 and 26 as a function of the angle of rotation of the escape wheel. It can be seen that the two forces 25 and 26 oppose each other, giving the very weak resultant force, designated 27. If the two magnets have the correct magnetization, the resultant force 27 is zero, the inevitable manufacturing tolerances mean, however, that the two forces 25 and 26 do not compensate each other exactly and this results in the weak force 27 represented in figure 6 . By way of example, if one of the magnets has a magnetization which deviates from the design value by 1%, the force 27 will also have a value corresponding to 1% of the forces 25 or 26 respectively.
  • the wheel rotation scale covers the advancement of the wheel by one tooth, in the situation corresponding to the picture 2 there are 36 teeth, the wheel will have traveled 10° in the designated range of 0 to 1 on the axis of rotation of the wheel.
  • the amplitude of vibration of its arms becomes high and can reach several hundredths of a millimeter.
  • FIG 7 shows the tangential forces acting on the escape wheel when the escape wheel is synchronized to the frequency of the tuning fork resonator.
  • the result shown in figure 7 shows the magnetic forces of the device drawn in picture 2 .
  • the horizontal axis indicates the rotation of the escape wheel by one complete tooth. At the zero position, the tooth is opposite the pole piece as drawn in picture 2 . At positions 5 and -5 the wheel is rotated by half a tooth, the range of rotation shown in the figure 7 corresponds to the rotation of the wheel by one complete tooth.
  • the vertical axis is that of the tangential forces.
  • Curve 28 shows the force exerted by the pole piece on arm 17, curve 29 the negative value of that exerted by the pole piece on arm 16 and curve 30 gives the sum of the two curves.
  • the figure shows the situation when the escape wheel is synchronized with the oscillation of the tuning fork. This condition is met when the escape wheel rotates one tooth in time as the resonator completes one oscillation. It can be seen that the tangential force shown in curve 30, which indicates the sum of the forces of the two arms, is substantially weaker than either of the forces 28 and 29.
  • the tuning fork even when oscillating at high amplitude, is not able to synchronize the escape wheel on its own frequency.
  • the resultant tangential force is in fact weak and it can be seen that it also has positive and negative components which are of close magnitude so that the overall result covering the resultant force during the advancement of a complete tooth will be very weak.
  • the figure 7 shows the situation where the tuning fork resonator vibrates exactly in phase with the rotation of the escape wheel.
  • the tooth of the toothing 11 is exactly opposite the pole piece of the arm 17, when the tuning fork is at its end, separated.
  • the escape wheel which is driven by the mainspring of the timepiece through the gear train, normally tends to spin faster than the tuning fork resonator oscillates. Its movement of the teeth precedes the vibration of the tuning fork.
  • phase shift is measured in °, 0° means no phase shift; at 180° the phase shift corresponds to an advance of half a tooth and at minus 180° the escape wheel would be behind by half a tooth.
  • FIG 8 shows the torque resulting from the interaction between the vibrating tuning fork and the escape wheel as a function of the phase difference between the rotation of the escape wheel and the vibration of the resonator.
  • the tangential forces of the two arms of the tuning fork are multiplied with their corresponding radius to obtain the torque acting on the escape wheel and the vertical axis indicates the sum of the two torques, therefore the resulting torque on the escape wheel.
  • Negative torque values in the figure 8 correspond to a torque which brakes the escapement wheel, positive torque values accelerate the escapement wheel.
  • There figure 8 shows that in the range from 0 to 100° approximately the braking torque acting on the escape wheel increases continuously with the phase shift.
  • the tuning fork resonator according to the invention has a very different shape from a U-shaped tuning fork according to the prior art described in the document EP 2 466 401 A1 .
  • the tuning fork consists of two branches attached to a foot 15 in the form of a solid plate.
  • This geometry has several advantages over the prior art resonator shown in figure 1 . The advantages are the consequence of the movements and deformations in this tuning fork structure.
  • the tuning fork according to figure 2 deforms as if the two arms 16 and 17 were embedded and immobile at their base and oscillate at their free end in a left-right movement in counter phase.
  • the structure drawn in figure 2 is not the only possibility of a resonator satisfying the requirements of a magnetic escapement according to the invention.
  • FIG 9 shows as an example a double tuning fork structure.
  • the double tuning fork structure offers the possibility of attaching masses 31 and 32 to the end of the two additional branches. These masses 31 and 32 can be mounted at an adjustable position and make it possible to adjust the resonance frequency of the double tuning fork.
  • Other methods of adjusting a tuning fork to the chronometric frequency are known from skilled in the art, such as the removal of small amounts of mass at the end of the temples by laser material ablation.
  • provision may also be made to replace the discrete permanent magnets with one or more magnetic layers, typically in a platinum and cobalt alloy (50-50 at.%) or in samarium cobalt.
  • the regulator system of the invention has been described above in connection with the use of magnets and therefore of magnetostatic forces, it is also envisaged according to the invention to replace the discrete magnets or the layer or layers magnetic by electrets and electrostatic forces.
  • the construction of the regulator system is entirely similar and is dimensioned according to the permanent electrostatic fields established between the branches of the resonator and the escapement wheel.
  • electrostatic forces and torques it is possible to use a conductive material either for the branches of the resonator if the escapement wheel is electrified and charged with sufficient energy, or for the escapement wheel. exhaust if it is the branches of the resonator which are electrified and charged, this conductive material is locally polarized.
  • the tuning fork resonator can carry electrets at the end of each arm and the wheel escapement is conductive or electrified locally, on the teeth of the wheel coming opposite the electrets of the resonator, with opposite charges to the electrets of the resonator.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Reglersystem für eine mechanische Uhr, das auf der mechanischen Interaktion zwischen einem Resonator (14) und einem Hemmungsrad (9) basiert, wobei die Interaktion Radial- und Tangentialkräfte (25, 26) erzeugt, die auf das Hemmungsrad (9) wirken und dort Kraftmomente generieren, wobei das Reglersystem umfasst:
    einen Stimmgabelresonator (14), der mit zwei Armen ausgestattet ist, von denen jeder einen Dauermagneten (18, 19) trägt und wobei der Magnetstrom der Magnete (18, 19) an einem Arm nach außerhalb der Stimmgabel und am anderen in das Innere der Stimmgabel gerichtet ist, und
    ein Hemmungsrad, das eine ferromagnetische Struktur (10) in Form eines Zahnkranzes trägt, der mit einer inneren Zahnung (11) und einer äußeren Zahnung (12) ausgestattet ist, von denen jede mit einem Arm des Resonators magnetisch zusammenwirkt,
    wobei das Reglersystem mit der inneren (11) und äußeren (12) Zahnung eingerichtet ist, die derart angeordnet sind, dass, wenn ein Zahn der inneren Zahnung gegenüber dem Magneten eines Arms der Stimmgabel ist, sich der Magnet, der sich auf dem anderen Arm der Stimmgabel befindet, zwischen zwei Zähnen der äußeren Zahnung befindet und umgekehrt, damit die Kraftmomente, die von den Tangentialkräften verursacht werden, in entgegengesetzten Richtungen wirken und sich beim Start des Systems gegenseitig aufheben, wenn von einem Motororgan ein Kraftmoment auf das Hemmungsrad angewendet wird, während das Regelsystem noch in seiner Ausgangsstellung arretiert ist.
  2. Reglersystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hemmungsrad (9) mit dem Resonator (14) bei jeder halben Oszillation des Resonators mit etwa gleichen und entgegengesetzten Tangentialkräften interagiert.
  3. Reglersystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stimmgabel (14) aus zwei Armen (16, 17) besteht, die an einem Fuß (15) mit einem größeren Querschnitt als der der Arme befestigt sind.
  4. Reglersystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Resonator die Form einer doppelten Stimmgabel in Form eines H hat, dessen zentraler Teil als Basis für die vier Arme dient.
  5. Reglersystem nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Resonator Justiermittel auf die Chronometerfrequenz in Form regelbarer Gewichtchen (31, 32) trägt, die auf der Struktur des Resonators angeordnet sind, oder Bereiche, die eingerichtet sind, um durch Ablation entfernt zu werden.
  6. Reglersystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Dauermagnet in Form von einer oder mehreren Magnetschichten ausgeführt ist.
  7. Reglersystem nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Magnetschicht(en) aus Platin- und Kobaltlegierung hergestellt sind.
  8. Reglersystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stimmgabel-Resonator an jedem Arm Elektrete trägt und dass das Hemmungsrad mit Ladungen entgegengesetzt zu den Elektreten des Resonators leitend oder lokal elektrisiert ist.
  9. Uhrwerk, das ein Reglersystem nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche aufweist.
EP14741892.5A 2013-08-05 2014-07-22 Reglersystem für eine mechanische uhr Active EP3030938B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH01354/13A CH707471B1 (fr) 2013-08-05 2013-08-05 Système régulateur pour montre mécanique.
PCT/EP2014/065736 WO2015018636A2 (fr) 2013-08-05 2014-07-22 Système régulateur pour montre mécanique

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EP (1) EP3030938B1 (de)
JP (1) JP6067936B2 (de)
CN (1) CN105264444B (de)
CH (1) CH707471B1 (de)
HK (1) HK1220519A1 (de)
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EP3198344B1 (de) * 2014-09-25 2019-04-24 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Interaktion zwischen zwei uhrenkomponenten
USD790416S1 (en) * 2015-03-27 2017-06-27 RB Distribution, Inc. Front wheel drive shift fork
EP3182225B1 (de) * 2015-12-18 2018-08-08 Montres Breguet S.A. Uhr sequenzer mit durchgangsrad mit verringerter mechanischer reibung
KR102597049B1 (ko) * 2016-01-27 2023-11-02 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 지시 바늘을 포함하는 표시 장치
CN105700328B (zh) * 2016-04-28 2018-05-15 刘亚楠 无卡度机械表走时调整机构
FR3059792B1 (fr) * 2016-12-01 2019-05-24 Lvmh Swiss Manufactures Sa Dispositif pour piece d'horlogerie, mouvement horloger et piece d'horlogerie comprenant un tel dispositif
EP3757684A1 (de) * 2019-06-26 2020-12-30 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Trägheitsbewegungselement für uhrresonator mit einer vorrichtung zur magnetischen wechselwirkung, die gegenüber dem äusseren magnetfeld unempfindlich ist
EP3767397B1 (de) * 2019-07-19 2022-04-20 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Uhrwerk mit einem drehelement, das eine magnetisierte struktur mit periodischer konfigurierung besitzt
EP3800511B1 (de) * 2019-10-02 2022-05-18 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Schwenkachse eines regulierorgans
EP3839650A1 (de) * 2019-12-18 2021-06-23 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Herstellungsverfahren von mindestens zwei mechanischen teilen
CN112079272B (zh) * 2020-08-13 2022-04-08 江苏伟丰建筑安装集团有限公司 一种建筑材料运输设备

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HK1220519A1 (zh) 2017-05-05
WO2015018636A3 (fr) 2015-07-16
CH707471B1 (fr) 2014-07-31
US10222757B2 (en) 2019-03-05
RU2016103696A (ru) 2017-08-10
US20180181072A2 (en) 2018-06-28
EP3030938A2 (de) 2016-06-15
JP2016520845A (ja) 2016-07-14
WO2015018636A2 (fr) 2015-02-12
JP6067936B2 (ja) 2017-01-25
US20160070235A1 (en) 2016-03-10
CN105264444B (zh) 2017-08-04
CN105264444A (zh) 2016-01-20

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