EP1716293B1 - Method and Device for dismanteling an oil platform - Google Patents

Method and Device for dismanteling an oil platform Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1716293B1
EP1716293B1 EP04816494A EP04816494A EP1716293B1 EP 1716293 B1 EP1716293 B1 EP 1716293B1 EP 04816494 A EP04816494 A EP 04816494A EP 04816494 A EP04816494 A EP 04816494A EP 1716293 B1 EP1716293 B1 EP 1716293B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hull
shuttle
bridge
deck
legs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP04816494A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1716293A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre-Armand Thomas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technip Energies France SAS
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Technip France SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technip France SAS filed Critical Technip France SAS
Priority to EP07002269A priority Critical patent/EP1798342B1/en
Publication of EP1716293A1 publication Critical patent/EP1716293A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1716293B1 publication Critical patent/EP1716293B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/003—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for for transporting very large loads, e.g. offshore structure modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B77/00—Transporting or installing offshore structures on site using buoyancy forces, e.g. using semi-submersible barges, ballasting the structure or transporting of oil-and-gas platforms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/28—Barges or lighters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E02B17/021—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto with relative movement between supporting construction and platform
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/04—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction
    • E02B17/08—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/04—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction
    • E02B17/08—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering
    • E02B17/0818—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering with racks actuated by pinions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0039—Methods for placing the offshore structure
    • E02B2017/0047—Methods for placing the offshore structure using a barge
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0052—Removal or dismantling of offshore structures from their offshore location
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/006—Platforms with supporting legs with lattice style supporting legs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a dismantling and transport structure, a fixed offshore oil platform comprising frame elements formed in particular by a bridge and at least one support column.
  • It also relates to a method of dismantling and transporting a bridge of a fixed oil platform.
  • a fixed oil platform that includes a bridge including operating equipment and living quarters.
  • the bridge is supported by a support column anchored on the seabed.
  • the first method consists of using lifting cranes mounted on barges to deposit the support column on the seabed and to transfer the deck of the platform of the transport boat onto this support column. This method, which until now is the most widespread, has limitations.
  • the first of these limitations is the capacity of the hoisting cranes that may require the bridge to be made up of several elements, which significantly increases the cost of manufacturing this bridge and the cost of installing and dismantling the bridge. of the oil rig.
  • the second limitation lies in the fact that this method requires a relatively large window of favorable time to be able to carry out the various operations of transfer at sea in good conditions.
  • the second method is to install the support column on the seabed by lifting cranes and install the deck of the oil platform in a single block on the support column by floating above it. Then, the bridge is disposed on this support column either by a ballast / deballasting system, or by a mechanical system.
  • the deck of the platform is supported either by a floating support constituted for example by a barge, pontoons or by a U-shaped floating support, or by means of a structure associated with this floating support.
  • the superstructure can be ballasted or unballasted
  • the superstructure having a large ballast capacity, the dismantling operation can proceed relatively quickly.
  • the deballasting capacity of the floating support may be used. This capacity being limited, the operation proceeds slowly.
  • ballast / deballasting system is the use of a mechanical system to raise or lower the deck of the platform oil. These systems make it possible to carry out the installation or dismantling operation of the deck of the oil platform faster than the systems mentioned above.
  • Another mechanical system consists of a rack and pinion system to raise or lower the deck of the oil platform.
  • a structure for transporting, installing and dismantling a bridge of a fixed oil platform which includes a U-shaped floating hull and a bridge support shuttle which is movable along the legs by the shell.
  • the shuttle is formed of at least three elements each associated with one of the lifting legs and each having means for connection with the bridge to be moved from the platform. The elements can be locked on the legs but do not include mechanical means of training.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a dismantling and transport structure.
  • the shuttle is formed of at least three elements each associated with one of the lifting legs and each having means for connection with the deck bridge of the platform.
  • the elements can be locked on the legs but do not include mechanical drive means.
  • a fixed offshore oil platform which is designed to simplify and decrease the time of dismantling of said platform, while at the same time saving a significant amount of time and to avoid all risks of environmental pollution and to increase the safety of the personnel responsible for carrying out the various operations.
  • the invention also relates to a method of dismantling and transporting a bridge of a fixed oil platform.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shown a fixed oil platform generally designated by the reference 1 and comprising frame members formed in particular by a bridge 2 provided with operating equipment and usual living quarters and a support column 3 on which the bridge 2 rests.
  • the base of this column 3 is anchored on the seabed 4 by anchoring members 5.
  • a structure is used. designated by the general reference 10 and shown schematically in the Fig. 2 .
  • the structure 10 comprises a U-shaped floating hull 11 equipped with lifting legs 12 of this hull 11 and adapted to bear on the seabed 4.
  • the hull 11 comprises two lateral portions 11a. and a connecting portion 11b connecting the two side portions 11a.
  • the hull 11 is equipped with three lifting legs 12 distributed in a triangle, one leg 12 being placed on each side portion 11a and a leg 12 being placed on the connecting portion 11b.
  • the shell 11 may be equipped with four lifting legs 12 arranged in pairs on each lateral branch 11a of said shell 11.
  • Each leg 12 ends at its lower end by a shoe 13 intended to bear on the seabed 4.
  • each of these legs 12 has, in this embodiment, a triangular section. These legs 12 may also have a square or circular section. Each leg 12 is formed of three ribs 14 interconnected by a lattice of metal beams 15.
  • each leg 12 is associated with mechanical means 20 for moving the shell 11.
  • the mechanical displacement means 20 are housed in a supporting frame 16, also called by the specialists "Jack-house", which is supported by the hull 11.
  • each chord 14 of each leg 12 has two opposite plates 21 each having, on each side face, a series of teeth 22 forming with the two members 14 a double rack.
  • the mechanical means of displacement 20 of the shell 11 comprise several sets 25 distributed on either side of each plate 21, according to the height thereof.
  • Each set 25 includes a geared motor unit 26 driving a pinion 27 which meshes with a series of teeth 22 of the corresponding plate 21.
  • the two series of teeth 22 of each plate 21 are associated with six pinions 27 each driven in rotation by a geared motor unit 26.
  • the structure 10 also comprises a shuttle designated by the general reference 30 which is movable along the legs 12 independently of the shell 11 of the structure 10 and which is intended to move the bridge 2, as will be seen later.
  • the shuttle 30 is composed of independent elements 31 whose number corresponds to the number of legs 12 of the structure 10.
  • the shuttle 30 is composed of three independent elements 31, associated each to a lifting leg 12.
  • each element 31 of the shuttle 30 comprises mechanical means 40 for driving on the lifting leg 12 corresponding, independently of the shell 11 of the structure 10, as well as means of connection with the element d frame 2 or 3 to move from platform 1.
  • the element 31 comprises a vertical guide branch 32 on the supporting framework 16 of the shell 11 and which is therefore resting on a vertical wall 16a of this supporting framework 16.
  • the element 31 also comprises a horizontal branch 33 which comprises a central opening 34 for the passage of the leg 12 corresponding.
  • This horizontal branch 33 is disposed at the upper part of the vertical branch 32 and supports the mechanical means 40 driving said element 31 on the leg 12.
  • the mechanical means 40 for driving each element 31 on the corresponding leg 12 operate independently of the mechanical means 20 for moving the shell 11, and these means 40 of the set of elements 31 operate in synchronization with each other. so as to obtain the same displacement of each element 31 on the corresponding leg 12.
  • the mechanical means 40 for moving each element 31 of the shuttle 30 comprise several sets 41 distributed on either side of each plate 21 of the frame 14, depending on the height thereof.
  • Each set 41 comprises a geared motor unit 42 driving a pinion 43 which meshes with a series of teeth 22 of the corresponding plate 21.
  • the two series of teeth 22 of each plate 21 are associated with four pinions 43 each rotated by a geared motor unit 42.
  • the vertical wall 16a of the supporting structure 16 guiding the vertical movement of the corresponding element 31 is extended, at its upper part, by a vertical plate 17 on which the element 31 slides so as to increase the height of the vertical displacement of this element 31.
  • the means for moving the bridge 2 of the oil platform 1 are constituted by a horizontal support plate 50 of the bridge 2 during its transport, as will be seen later.
  • the opening of the "U" of the shell 11 of the structure 10 can be closed by an independent arm 70 which optionally carries a crane 71 for moving modules of the oil platform 1 or another platform beside which the transport structure 10 can be installed.
  • this branch 70 can be installed by a barge, not shown, ballastable / deballastable and can be locked and unlocked from the hull 11 of the structure 10.
  • the transport of the deck 2 of the oil platform 1 by the structure 10 between an operating site and a dock of a port is carried out as follows.
  • the structure 10 without the complementary branch 70 is floated below deck 2 of the platform 1 by positioning the support column 3 of this bridge 2 in the "U" shaped space formed between the portions 11 during the positioning, the lifting legs 12 are in the retracted position and the shoes 13 are arranged below the shell 11.
  • the horizontal branches 50 of the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are in the lower position substantially at the level of the shell 11, as shown in FIG. Fig. 2 .
  • the geared motor units 26 and 42, respectively of the shell 11 and the elements 31 of the shuttle 30, are actuated to drive in rotation the pinions 27 and 43 which mesh with the series of teeth 22 of the plates 21 of each leg 12 to bring the shoes 13 into contact with the seabed 4, as shown in FIG. Fig. 7B .
  • the shell 11 and the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 move upwards along the legs 12, under the effect of the rotation drive of the pinions 27 and 43 which meshes with the series of teeth 22 of the plates 21 of the lifting legs 12.
  • the first is to lock the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 on the lifting legs 12, to bring the hull 11 to float in order to reduce the forces in these lifting legs 12 and the seabed 4, to separate the support column 3 of the bridge 2 and lift the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 by the pinions 43 which mesh with the series of teeth 22, as shown in FIG. 8E.
  • the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 may not be lifted by the pinions 43, but locked on the lifting legs 12.
  • the lifting elements 31 and bridge 11 can then be carried out passively during the ascent of these lifting legs 12.
  • the second variant is to lock the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 on the lifting legs 12, to cut a section of the support column 3 of sufficient length, to remove this section to separate the bridge 2 from the rest of the support column 3 and to bring the hull 11 floating.
  • the third consists in separating the support column 3 from the bridge 2, lifting the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 by means of the pinions 43 which mesh with the series of teeth 22, then locking these elements 31 on lifting legs 12 and, finally, to lower the hull 11 in the water ( Fig. 7D ).
  • the fourth variant consists in separating the support column 3 from the bridge 2, lifting the elements 31 of the shuttle 3 and the shell 11, to lock these elements 31 on the lifting legs 12 and to bring the hull 11 floating.
  • the pinions 27 are always driven in rotation, which causes, by reaction, due to the depression of the hull 11 in the water, the lifting of the lifting legs 12 ( Fig. 7E ).
  • the hull 11 supporting the bridge 2 via the shuttle 30 is disengaged from the operating site on which the support column 3 is still in place.
  • the structure 10 transports the bridge 2 by flotation, as shown in FIG. Fig. 7G . During this transport the lateral stabilization of the bridge 2 on the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 can be ensured by cylinders, not shown, which are in contact with the lateral faces of this bridge 2.
  • the hull 11 supporting the deck 2 is floated to a dock of a port and the lifting legs 12 are applied on the bottom to stabilize the hull 11.
  • a connecting piece 6 is placed between the shell 11 and the dock to ensure continuity between the surface of the shell 11 and said dock. Then, bridge 2 is unloaded on this platform.
  • the bridge 2 may have been previously unloaded on a barge which transports this bridge to the wharf.
  • the structure according to the invention has the advantage of being able to transport the deck of an oil rig directly from the operating site to a fixed site where the dismantling can be carried out safely, without risk of pollution of the marine environment or conversely between a fixed site and an exploitation site.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Ship Loading And Unloading (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)

Abstract

The shuttle is made of at least three elements (31), each connected to a lifting leg and each containing mechanical means of independently driving the hull of the structure along the corresponding lifting leg. Each element also has means of connecting the structural element of the platform to be moved. The platform comprises skeletal elements formed in particular by a bridge and at least one supporting column. The structure comprises a U-shaped floating hull (11) with at least three legs (12) for lifting the hull by pressing on the seabed. Each lifting leg has mechanical means of displacement (20) placed in a structure (16) carrying the hull. A shuttle (30) which can be moved along the legs is designed to move one of the structural elements of the platform. Each element of the shuttle has a vertical guiding branch on the bearing structure and a horizontal branch supporting the driving mechanism on the corresponding leg. The driving mechanism for each element comprises two opposing plates (21) carried by each rib of the corresponding lifting leg, each with a series of teeth (22), and at least two opposed assemblies (42, 43) on the horizontal branch made of a pinion driven round and acting with one set of teeth. The means of connecting to the bridge of the platform are at least one horizontal plate supporting the bridge and placed at the lower part of the vertical branch of each element of the shuttle. Alternatively, the means of connecting to the bridge of the platform include a vertical linear traction system at the level of each shuttle element, formed by a chain or cable and two assemblies for locking this traction system. One of the assemblies is on the element and the other is on the hull for a step by step vertical displacement of the support column by successive locking of the assemblies. Each locking assembly is made of two opposed screws which can be vertically basculed relative to each other between a free and a blocking position. An independent branch of the structure can close the opening of the hull and locks onto the hull. An independent claim is made for a method of dismantling and transporting a structural element of a fixed oil platform comprising a bridge, between the oilfield and a dismounting quay, where a structure as described above is placed under the bridge; its legs are pushed against the seabed to lift the hull and the shuttle to bring the shuttle into contact with the bridge. The shuttle is locked onto the lifting legs and the hull is lowered to allow it to float. The bridge is separated from its support column and lifted by the shuttle as the lifting legs are raised. The structure supporting the bridge is dismantled to disengage the bridge from the support column. The shuttle is lowered to put the bridge on the hull and the structure is floated to a dismantling quay or a site for offloading onto a barge. The lifting legs are applied to the seabed to stabilise the hull and the bridge is freed from the structure and discharged onto the quay or barge.

Description

La présente invention concerne une structure de démantèlement et de transport, d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe d'exploitation en mer comportant des éléments d'ossature formés notamment par un pont et au moins une colonne support.The present invention relates to a dismantling and transport structure, a fixed offshore oil platform comprising frame elements formed in particular by a bridge and at least one support column.

Elle concerne en outre un procédé de démantèlement et de transport, d'un pont d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe.It also relates to a method of dismantling and transporting a bridge of a fixed oil platform.

Pour l'exploitation pétrolière, il est connu de placer au-dessus d'un gisement pétrolifère, une plate-forme pétrolière fixe qui comprend un pont portant notamment les équipements d'exploitation et les locaux d'habitation. Le pont est soutenu par une colonne support ancré sur le fond marin.For oil exploitation, it is known to place above a petroleum field, a fixed oil platform that includes a bridge including operating equipment and living quarters. The bridge is supported by a support column anchored on the seabed.

Jusqu'à présent, il existe deux grandes méthodes de transport, d'installation et de démantèlement des éléments d'ossature d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe.So far, there are two main methods of transporting, installing and dismantling structural elements of a fixed oil platform.

La première méthode consiste à utiliser des grues de levage montées sur des barges pour déposer sur le fond marin la colonne support et pour transférer le pont de la plate-forme du bateau de transport sur cette colonne support. Cette méthode qui est jusqu'à maintenant le plus répandue présente des limitations.The first method consists of using lifting cranes mounted on barges to deposit the support column on the seabed and to transfer the deck of the platform of the transport boat onto this support column. This method, which until now is the most widespread, has limitations.

En effet, la première de ces limitations est la capacité des grues de levage qui peuvent imposer de réaliser le pont en plusieurs éléments ce qui augmente de manière importante le coût de fabrication de ce pont et le coût de l'installation et du démantèlement du pont de la plate-forme pétrolière.Indeed, the first of these limitations is the capacity of the hoisting cranes that may require the bridge to be made up of several elements, which significantly increases the cost of manufacturing this bridge and the cost of installing and dismantling the bridge. of the oil rig.

La seconde limitation réside dans le fait que cette méthode impose d'avoir une fenêtre de temps favorable relativement importante pour pouvoir réaliser les différentes opérations de transfert en mer dans de bonnes conditions.The second limitation lies in the fact that this method requires a relatively large window of favorable time to be able to carry out the various operations of transfer at sea in good conditions.

Ainsi, cette méthode est difficilement applicable sans une augmentation considérable du coût dans les zones où les fenêtres de temps sont relativement courtes, comme par exemple dans la mer du Nord.Thus, this method is difficult to apply without a considerable increase in cost in areas where windows of time are relatively short, for example in the North Sea.

La deuxième méthode consiste à installer la colonne support sur le fond marin par des grues de levage et à installer le pont de la plate-forme pétrolière en un seul bloc sur la colonne support en le faisant flotter au-dessus de celle-ci. Ensuite, le pont est disposé sur cette colonne support soit par un système de ballastage/déballastage, soit par un système mécanique.The second method is to install the support column on the seabed by lifting cranes and install the deck of the oil platform in a single block on the support column by floating above it. Then, the bridge is disposed on this support column either by a ballast / deballasting system, or by a mechanical system.

Dans le cas d'un système de ballastage, le pont de la plate-forme est supporté soit par un support flottant constitué par exemple par une barge, des pontons ou par un support flottant en forme de U, soit par l'intermédiaire d'une structure associée à ce support flottant.In the case of a ballast system, the deck of the platform is supported either by a floating support constituted for example by a barge, pontoons or by a U-shaped floating support, or by means of a structure associated with this floating support.

Dans le cas où la superstructure peut être ballastée ou déballastée, il est connu d'utiliser pour le démantèlement du pont de la plate-forme pétrolière, le déballastage du support flottant et le ballastage de la superstructure. La superstructure ayant une grande capacité de ballastage, l'opération de démantèlement peut se dérouler relativement rapidement. Dans le cas d'une superstructure ancrée sur le fond marin, seule la capacité de déballastage du support flottant peut être utilisée. Cette capacité étant limitée, l'opération se déroule lentement.In the case where the superstructure can be ballasted or unballasted, it is known to use for the dismantling of the deck of the oil platform, the deballasting of the floating support and the ballasting of the superstructure. The superstructure having a large ballast capacity, the dismantling operation can proceed relatively quickly. In the case of a superstructure anchored to the seabed, only the deballasting capacity of the floating support may be used. This capacity being limited, the operation proceeds slowly.

Les systèmes utilisant le ballastage ou le déballastage présentent des inconvénients qui résident principalement dans le fait qu'ils imposent une structure complexe au niveau des caissons ou des pompes et un contrôle très précis de remplissage et de vidage des caissons pour maintenir la stabilité du support flottant pendant l'opération. La vitesse de l'opération dépend de la capacité de ballastage et de délestage de ces caissons des supports flottants qui est généralement relativement faible si bien que la vitesse de l'opération s'en trouve limitée notamment lorsque la superstructure est ancrée sur le fond marin. De plus, au cours de cette opération, les conditions de mer doivent être favorables afin d'effectuer cette opération dans de bonnes conditions.Systems using ballasting or deballasting have drawbacks which mainly lie in the fact that they impose a complex structure on the caissons or pumps and a very precise control of filling and emptying of the boxes to maintain the stability of the floating support during the operation. The speed of the operation depends on the ballast capacity and load shedding of these caissons floating supports which is generally relatively low so that the speed of the operation is limited especially when the superstructure is anchored to the seabed . In addition, during this operation, the sea conditions must be favorable to perform this operation in good conditions.

Une alternative au système de ballastage/déballastage est l'utilisation d'un système mécanique pour monter ou abaisser le pont de la plate-forme pétrolière. Ces systèmes permettent de réaliser l'opération d'installation ou de démantèlement du pont de la plate-forme pétrolière plus rapidement que les systèmes précédemment mentionnés.An alternative to the ballast / deballasting system is the use of a mechanical system to raise or lower the deck of the platform oil. These systems make it possible to carry out the installation or dismantling operation of the deck of the oil platform faster than the systems mentioned above.

A cet effet, il est connu un système qui comprend deux barges supportant le pont de la plate-forme pétrolière par l'intermédiaire de deux structures pivotantes. De plus, un système de treuils et câbles est utilisé pour assurer la stabilité du système et contrôler la descente et la montée du pont de la plate-forme pétrolière.For this purpose, it is known a system that includes two barges supporting the deck of the oil platform through two pivoting structures. In addition, a system of winches and cables is used to ensure the stability of the system and control the descent and ascent of the deck of the oil platform.

En actionnant ces treuils, on contrôle l'éloignement des barges permettant ainsi la montée ou la descente du pont. Mais, ce type de système mécanique présente une stabilité très précaire et il est bien souvent incompatible avec une utilisation en pleine mer.By operating these winches, it controls the removal of the barges allowing the rise or the descent of the bridge. But, this type of mechanical system has a very precarious stability and it is often incompatible with use on the high seas.

Un autre système mécanique consiste en un système de pignons-crémaillères pour monter ou descendre le pont de la plate-forme pétrolière.Another mechanical system consists of a rack and pinion system to raise or lower the deck of the oil platform.

D'une manière générale, les systèmes mécaniques utilisés jusqu'à présent pour réaliser l'installation et le démantèlement d'un pont d'une plate-forme pétrolière sont plus rapides que les systèmes de ballastage ou déballastage, mais ils dépendent des conditions de mer ce qui rend difficile leur utilisation dans des zones où les fenêtres de temps favorables sont relativement courtes.In general, the mechanical systems used to date for the installation and dismantling of a deck of an oil rig are faster than ballast or deballasting systems, but they depend on This makes it difficult to use in areas where windows of good weather are relatively short.

On connaît également dans la demande WO 03/080425 une structure de transport, d'installation et de démantèlement d'un pont d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe qui comporte une coque flottante en forme de "U" et une navette de support du pont qui est déplaçable le long des jambes par la coque. La navette est formée d'au moins trois éléments associés chacun à une des jambes de levage et comportant chacun des moyens de liaison avec le pont à déplacer de la plate-forme. Les éléments peuvent être verrouillés sur les jambes mais ne comportent pas des moyens mécaniques d'entraînement.Also known in the application WO 03/080425 a structure for transporting, installing and dismantling a bridge of a fixed oil platform which includes a U-shaped floating hull and a bridge support shuttle which is movable along the legs by the shell. The shuttle is formed of at least three elements each associated with one of the lifting legs and each having means for connection with the bridge to be moved from the platform. The elements can be locked on the legs but do not include mechanical means of training.

On connaît aussi dans le document US 2 308 743 une barge comportant des colonnes munies de moyens de déplacement de la coque de cette barge entre une positon de flottaison et une positon surélevée au-dessus du niveau de l'eau.Also known in the document US 2,308,743 a barge comprising columns provided with means for moving the hull of this barge between a floating positon and a raised positron above the water level.

L'invention a pour but de proposer une structure de démantèlement et de transport. La navette est formée d'au moins trois éléments associés chacun à une des jambes de levage et comportant chacun des moyens de liaison avec le pont à déplaces de la plate-forme. Les élément peuvent être verrouillés sur les jambes mais ne comportent pas des moyens mécaniques d'entraînement. d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe d'exploitation en mer qui est conçue pour simplifier et diminuer la durée de démantèlement de ladite plate-forme, tout en permettant d'obtenir un gain de temps important et d'éviter tous risques de pollution de l'environnement et d'augmenter la sécurité du personnel chargé d'effectuer les différentes opérations.The object of the invention is to propose a dismantling and transport structure. The shuttle is formed of at least three elements each associated with one of the lifting legs and each having means for connection with the deck bridge of the platform. The elements can be locked on the legs but do not include mechanical drive means. a fixed offshore oil platform which is designed to simplify and decrease the time of dismantling of said platform, while at the same time saving a significant amount of time and to avoid all risks of environmental pollution and to increase the safety of the personnel responsible for carrying out the various operations.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une structure de démantèlement et de transport d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe d'exploitation en mer comportant des éléments d'ossature formés notamment par un pont et au moins une colonne support, ladite structure comprenant :

  • une coque flottante en forme de "U" équipée d'au moins trois jambes de levage de cette coque et adaptées pour prendre appui sur le fond marin, chaque jambe de levage étant associée à des moyens mécaniques de déplacement logés dans une ossature porteuse de ladite coque, et
  • une navette déplaçable le long des jambes de levage et destinée à déplacer un des éléments d'ossature de la plate-forme,
caractérisée en ce que la navette est formée d'au moins trois éléments associés chacun à une jambe de levage et comportant chacun, d'une part, des moyens mécaniques d'entraînement sur la jambe de levage correspondante indépendamment de la coque de la structure et, d'autre part, des moyens de liaison avec le pont à déplacer de la plate-forme.For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a structure for dismantling and transporting a fixed offshore oil platform comprising framework elements formed in particular by a bridge and at least one support column, said structure comprising:
  • a U-shaped floating hull equipped with at least three lifting legs of this hull and adapted to bear on the seabed, each lifting leg being associated with mechanical displacement means housed in a bearing frame of said hull, and
  • a shuttle movable along the lifting legs and intended to move one of the frame elements of the platform,
characterized in that the shuttle is formed of at least three elements each associated with a lifting leg and each comprising, on the one hand, mechanical drive means on the corresponding lifting leg independently of the hull of the structure and on the other hand, connecting means with the bridge to move the platform.

Suivant des modes particuliers de mise en oeuvre :

  • chaque élément de la navette comprend une branche verticale de guidage sur l'ossature porteuse correspondante de la coque et comportant à sa partie supérieure une branche horizontale de support des moyens mécaniques d'entraînement dudit élément sur la jambe correspondante,
  • les moyens mécaniques d'entraînement de chaque élément comprennent, d'une part, deux plaques opposées portées par chaque membrure verticale de la jambe de levage correspondante et comportant chacune, sur chaque face latérale, une série de dents et, d'autre part, au moins deux ensembles opposés, portés par la branche horizontale dudit élément et formés chacun par un pignon entraîné en rotation et coopérant avec l'une des séries de dents,
  • les moyens de liaison avec le pont de la plate-forme comprennent au moins une plaque horizontale de support de ce pont et disposée à la partie inférieure de la branche verticale de chaque élément de la navette,
  • la structure comporte une branche indépendante d'obturation de l'ouverture de la coque et verrouillable sur ladite coque.
According to particular modes of implementation:
  • each element of the shuttle comprises a vertical guide branch on the corresponding supporting framework of the hull and comprising at its upper part a horizontal support leg mechanical means for driving said element on the corresponding leg,
  • the mechanical means for driving each element comprise, on the one hand, two opposite plates carried by each vertical chord of the corresponding lifting leg and each comprising, on each lateral face, a series of teeth and, on the other hand, at least two opposite assemblies, carried by the horizontal branch of said element and each formed by a pinion driven in rotation and cooperating with one of the series of teeth,
  • the connection means with the bridge of the platform comprise at least one horizontal support plate of this bridge and arranged at the lower part of the vertical branch of each element of the shuttle,
  • the structure comprises an independent shutter branch of the opening of the shell and lockable on said shell.

L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de démantèlement et de transport d'un pont d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe.The invention also relates to a method of dismantling and transporting a bridge of a fixed oil platform.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la Fig. 1 est une vue schématique en élévation d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe en position d'exploitation,
  • la Fig. 2 est une vue schématique en perspective d'une structure de transport, d'installation et de démantèlement conforme à l'invention,
  • la Fig. 3 est une vue schématique de côté d'un élément de la navette de la structure conforme à l'invention,
  • la Fig. 4 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne 4-4 de la Fig. 3,
  • la Fig. 5 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne 5-5 de la Fig. 3,
  • la Fig. 6 est une vue schématique de dessus de la structure conforme à l'invention,
  • les Figs. 7A à 7H sont des schémas montrant les différentes étapes du procédé de démantèlement et de transport d'un pont d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe au moyen de la structure conforme à l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the Fig. 1 is a schematic view in elevation of a fixed oil platform in operating position,
  • the Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a transport structure, installation and dismantling according to the invention,
  • the Fig. 3 is a schematic side view of a shuttle element of the structure according to the invention,
  • the Fig. 4 is a sectional view along line 4-4 of the Fig. 3 ,
  • the Fig. 5 is a sectional view along line 5-5 of the Fig. 3 ,
  • the Fig. 6 is a schematic view from above of the structure according to the invention,
  • the Figs. 7A to 7H are diagrams showing the different steps of the method of dismantling and transporting a bridge of a fixed oil platform by means of the structure according to the invention.

Sur la Fig. 1, on a représenté schématiquement une plate-forme pétrolière fixe désignée dans son ensemble par la référence 1 et comprenant des éléments d'ossature formés notamment par un pont 2 pourvu des équipements d'exploitation et des locaux d'habitation habituels et une colonne support 3 sur laquelle repose le pont 2. La base de cette colonne 3 est ancrée sur le fond marin 4 par des organes d'ancrage 5.On the Fig. 1 , schematically shown a fixed oil platform generally designated by the reference 1 and comprising frame members formed in particular by a bridge 2 provided with operating equipment and usual living quarters and a support column 3 on which the bridge 2 rests. The base of this column 3 is anchored on the seabed 4 by anchoring members 5.

Pour assurer le démantèlement ("decommissioning" en anglais) et le transport du pont 2 de la plate-forme pétrolière fixe 1 d'un site d'exploitation jusqu'à un quai de démontage de ces éléments d'ossature , on utilise une structure désignée par la référence générale 10 et représentée schématiquement à la Fig. 2.To ensure decommissioning and transport of bridge 2 of the fixed oil platform 1 from an exploitation site to a dismantling pier of these structural members, a structure is used. designated by the general reference 10 and shown schematically in the Fig. 2 .

Sur cette figure, les dimensions générales de la structure ainsi que les proportions entre les différents éléments composant cette structure 10 n'ont pas été forcément respectées afin de simplifier la compréhension du dessin.In this figure, the overall dimensions of the structure and the proportions between the various elements making up this structure 10 have not necessarily been respected in order to simplify the understanding of the drawing.

D'une manière générale, la structure 10 comprend une coque flottante 11 en forme de "U" équipée de jambes de levage 12 de cette coque 11 et adaptées pour prendre appui sur le fond marin 4. La coque 11 comporte deux portions latérales 11 a et une portion de liaison 11 b reliant les deux portions latérales 11 a.In a general manner, the structure 10 comprises a U-shaped floating hull 11 equipped with lifting legs 12 of this hull 11 and adapted to bear on the seabed 4. The hull 11 comprises two lateral portions 11a. and a connecting portion 11b connecting the two side portions 11a.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté à la Fig. 2, la coque 11 est équipée de trois jambes de levage 12 réparties selon un triangle, une jambe 12 étant placée sur chaque portion latérale 11 a et une jambe 12 étant placée sur la portion de liaison 11 b. Selon une variante, la coque 11 peut être équipée de quatre jambes de levage 12 disposées par paires sur chaque branche latérale 11a de ladite coque 11.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 , the hull 11 is equipped with three lifting legs 12 distributed in a triangle, one leg 12 being placed on each side portion 11a and a leg 12 being placed on the connecting portion 11b. According to a variant, the shell 11 may be equipped with four lifting legs 12 arranged in pairs on each lateral branch 11a of said shell 11.

Chaque jambe 12 se termine, à son extrémité inférieure, par un sabot 13 destiné à prendre appui sur le fond marin 4.Each leg 12 ends at its lower end by a shoe 13 intended to bear on the seabed 4.

Ainsi que représenté sur les Figs. 2, 4 et 5, chacune de ces jambes 12 présente, dans ce mode de réalisation, une section triangulaire. Ces jambes 12 peuvent également présenter une section carrée ou circulaire. Chaque jambe 12 est formée de trois membrures 14 reliées entre elles par un treillis de poutrelles métalliques 15.As shown on the Figs. 2 , 4 and 5 , each of these legs 12 has, in this embodiment, a triangular section. These legs 12 may also have a square or circular section. Each leg 12 is formed of three ribs 14 interconnected by a lattice of metal beams 15.

Ainsi que montré sur les Figs. 3 et 4, chaque jambe 12 est associée à des moyens mécaniques 20 de déplacement de la coque 11. Pour chaque jambe 12, les moyens mécaniques de déplacement 20 sont logés dans une ossature porteuse 16, également appelée par les spécialistes "Jack-house", qui est supportée par la coque 11.As shown on the Figs. 3 and 4 each leg 12 is associated with mechanical means 20 for moving the shell 11. For each leg 12, the mechanical displacement means 20 are housed in a supporting frame 16, also called by the specialists "Jack-house", which is supported by the hull 11.

Ainsi que représenté sur ces Figs. 3 et 4, chaque membrure 14 de chaque jambe 12 comporte deux plaques opposées 21 comportant chacune, sur chaque face latérale, une série de dents 22 formant avec les deux membrures 14 une crémaillère double. Les moyens mécaniques de déplacement 20 de la coque 11 comprennent plusieurs ensembles 25 répartis de part et d'autre de chaque plaque 21, suivant la hauteur de celle-ci. Chaque ensemble 25 comprend un groupe moto-réducteur 26 assurant l'entraînement d'un pignon 27 qui engrène avec une série de dents 22 de la plaque 21 correspondante.As represented on these Figs. 3 and 4 each chord 14 of each leg 12 has two opposite plates 21 each having, on each side face, a series of teeth 22 forming with the two members 14 a double rack. The mechanical means of displacement 20 of the shell 11 comprise several sets 25 distributed on either side of each plate 21, according to the height thereof. Each set 25 includes a geared motor unit 26 driving a pinion 27 which meshes with a series of teeth 22 of the corresponding plate 21.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur les Figs. 3 et 4, les deux séries de dents 22 de chaque plaque 21 sont associées avec six pignons 27 entraînés chacun en rotation par un groupe moto-réducteur 26.In the embodiment shown on the Figs. 3 and 4 , the two series of teeth 22 of each plate 21 are associated with six pinions 27 each driven in rotation by a geared motor unit 26.

La structure 10 comporte également une navette désignée par la référence générale 30 qui est déplaçable le long des jambes 12 indépendamment de la coque 11 de la structure 10 et qui est destinée à déplacer le pont 2, comme on le verra ultérieurement.The structure 10 also comprises a shuttle designated by the general reference 30 which is movable along the legs 12 independently of the shell 11 of the structure 10 and which is intended to move the bridge 2, as will be seen later.

Comme représenté à la Fig. 2, la navette 30 est composée d'éléments indépendants 31 dont le nombre correspond au nombre de jambes 12 de la structure 10. Ainsi, dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté sur les figures, la navette 30 se compose de trois éléments indépendants 31, associés chacun à une jambe de levage 12.As represented in Fig. 2 , the shuttle 30 is composed of independent elements 31 whose number corresponds to the number of legs 12 of the structure 10. Thus, in the embodiment shown in the figures, the shuttle 30 is composed of three independent elements 31, associated each to a lifting leg 12.

D'une manière générale, chaque élément 31 de la navette 30 comporte des moyens mécaniques 40 d'entraînement sur la jambe de levage 12 correspondant, indépendamment de la coque 11 de la structure 10, ainsi que des moyens de liaison avec l'élément d'ossature 2 ou 3 à déplacer de la plate-forme 1.In general, each element 31 of the shuttle 30 comprises mechanical means 40 for driving on the lifting leg 12 corresponding, independently of the shell 11 of the structure 10, as well as means of connection with the element d frame 2 or 3 to move from platform 1.

En se reportant maintenant aux Figs. 3 et 5, on va décrire un élément 31 de la navette 30, les autres éléments 31 étant identiques.Referring now to Figs. 3 and 5 an element 31 of the shuttle 30 will be described, the other elements 31 being identical.

L'élément 31 comprend une branche verticale 32 de guidage sur l'ossature porteuse 16 de la coque 11 et qui est donc en appui sur une paroi verticale 16a de cette ossature porteuse 16. L'élément 31 comprend également une branche horizontale 33 qui comporte une ouverture centrale 34 pour le passage de la jambe 12 correspondante. Cette branche horizontale 33 est disposée à la partie supérieure de la branche verticale 32 et supporte les moyens mécaniques 40 d'entraînement dudit élément 31 sur la jambe 12.The element 31 comprises a vertical guide branch 32 on the supporting framework 16 of the shell 11 and which is therefore resting on a vertical wall 16a of this supporting framework 16. The element 31 also comprises a horizontal branch 33 which comprises a central opening 34 for the passage of the leg 12 corresponding. This horizontal branch 33 is disposed at the upper part of the vertical branch 32 and supports the mechanical means 40 driving said element 31 on the leg 12.

Les moyens mécaniques 40 d'entraînement de chaque élément 31 sur la jambe 12 correspondante fonctionnent indépendamment des moyens mécaniques 20 de déplacement de la coque 11 et ces moyens 40 de l'ensemble des éléments 31 fonctionnent en synchronisation les uns avec les autres de façon à obtenir le même déplacement de chaque élément 31 sur la jambe 12 correspondante. Les moyens mécaniques 40 de déplacement de chaque élément 31 de la navette 30 comprennent plusieurs ensembles 41 répartis de part et d'autre de chaque plaque 21 de la membrure 14, suivant la hauteur de celle-ci. Chaque ensemble 41 comprend un groupe moto-réducteur 42 assurant l'entraînement d'un pignon 43 qui engrène avec une série de dents 22 de la plaque 21 correspondante.The mechanical means 40 for driving each element 31 on the corresponding leg 12 operate independently of the mechanical means 20 for moving the shell 11, and these means 40 of the set of elements 31 operate in synchronization with each other. so as to obtain the same displacement of each element 31 on the corresponding leg 12. The mechanical means 40 for moving each element 31 of the shuttle 30 comprise several sets 41 distributed on either side of each plate 21 of the frame 14, depending on the height thereof. Each set 41 comprises a geared motor unit 42 driving a pinion 43 which meshes with a series of teeth 22 of the corresponding plate 21.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur les Figs. 3 et 5, les deux séries de dents 22 de chaque plaque 21 sont associées avec quatre pignons 43 entraînés chacun en rotation par un groupe moto-réducteur 42.In the embodiment shown on the Figs. 3 and 5 , the two series of teeth 22 of each plate 21 are associated with four pinions 43 each rotated by a geared motor unit 42.

Ainsi que montré à la Fig. 3, la paroi verticale 16a de l'ossature porteuse 16 formant guidage pour le déplacement vertical de l'élément 31 correspondant est prolongée, à sa partie supérieure, par une plaque verticale 17 sur laquelle coulisse l'élément 31 de façon à augmenter la hauteur du déplacement vertical de cet élément 31.As shown in Fig. 3 the vertical wall 16a of the supporting structure 16 guiding the vertical movement of the corresponding element 31 is extended, at its upper part, by a vertical plate 17 on which the element 31 slides so as to increase the height of the vertical displacement of this element 31.

En se reportant maintenant à la Fig. 3, on va décrire les moyens de liaison associés à un élément 31 de la navette 30, pour déplacer le pont 2, les moyens de liaison des autres éléments 31 de cette navette 30 étant identiques.Referring now to the Fig. 3 the connecting means associated with an element 31 of the shuttle 30 will be described to move the bridge 2, the connecting means of the other elements 31 of this shuttle 30 being identical.

Les moyens destiné à déplacer le pont 2 de la plate-forme pétrolière 1 sont constitués par une plaque horizontale 50 de support du pont 2 au cours de son transport, comme on le verra ultérieurement.The means for moving the bridge 2 of the oil platform 1 are constituted by a horizontal support plate 50 of the bridge 2 during its transport, as will be seen later.

Comme représenté à la Fig. 6, l'ouverture du "U" de la coque 11 de la structure 10 peut être obturée par une branche indépendante 70 qui porte éventuellement une grue 71 permettant de déplacer des modules de la plate-forme pétrolière 1 ou d'une autre plate-forme à côté de laquelle la structure de transport 10 peut être installée. De manière classique, cette branche 70 peut-être installée par une barge, non représentée, ballastable/déballastable et peut être verrouillée, puis déverrouillée de la coque 11 de la structure 10.As represented in Fig. 6 , the opening of the "U" of the shell 11 of the structure 10 can be closed by an independent arm 70 which optionally carries a crane 71 for moving modules of the oil platform 1 or another platform beside which the transport structure 10 can be installed. Conventionally, this branch 70 can be installed by a barge, not shown, ballastable / deballastable and can be locked and unlocked from the hull 11 of the structure 10.

Le transport du pont 2 de la plate-forme pétrolière 1 par la structure 10 entre un site d'exploitation et un quai d'un port est réalisé de la façon suivante.The transport of the deck 2 of the oil platform 1 by the structure 10 between an operating site and a dock of a port is carried out as follows.

Tout d'abord et comme représenté à la Fig. 7A, la structure 10 sans la branche complémentaire 70, est amenée par flottaison au-dessous du pont 2 de la plate-forme 1 en positionnant la colonne support 3 de ce pont 2 dans l'espace en forme de "U" ménagé entre les portions latérales 11 a de la coque 11. Au cours de son positionnement, les jambes de levage 12 sont en position escamotée et les sabots 13 sont disposés au-dessous de la coque 11.First and as represented at the Fig. 7A , the structure 10 without the complementary branch 70 is floated below deck 2 of the platform 1 by positioning the support column 3 of this bridge 2 in the "U" shaped space formed between the portions 11 during the positioning, the lifting legs 12 are in the retracted position and the shoes 13 are arranged below the shell 11.

Les branches horizontales 50 des éléments 31 de la navette 30 sont en position basse sensiblement au niveau de la coque 11, ainsi que montré à la Fig. 2.The horizontal branches 50 of the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are in the lower position substantially at the level of the shell 11, as shown in FIG. Fig. 2 .

Ensuite, les groupes moto-réducteurs 26 et 42, respectivement de la coque 11 et des éléments 31 de la navette 30, sont actionnés pour entraîner en rotation les pignons 27 et 43 qui engrènent avec les séries de dents 22 des plaques 21 de chaque jambe de levage 12 afin d'amener les sabots 13 en contact avec le fond marin 4, ainsi que montré à la Fig. 7B. Dès que les sabots 13 sont en contact avec le fond marin 4, la coque 11 et les éléments 31 de la navette 30 se déplacent vers le haut le long des jambes 12, sous l'effet de l'entraînement en rotation des pignons 27 et 43 qui engrènent avec les séries de dents 22 des plaques 21 des jambes de levage 12.Then, the geared motor units 26 and 42, respectively of the shell 11 and the elements 31 of the shuttle 30, are actuated to drive in rotation the pinions 27 and 43 which mesh with the series of teeth 22 of the plates 21 of each leg 12 to bring the shoes 13 into contact with the seabed 4, as shown in FIG. Fig. 7B . As soon as the shoes 13 are in contact with the seabed 4, the shell 11 and the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 move upwards along the legs 12, under the effect of the rotation drive of the pinions 27 and 43 which meshes with the series of teeth 22 of the plates 21 of the lifting legs 12.

En se déplaçant vers le haut, les éléments 31 de la navette 30 viennent s'appliquer contre la face inférieure du pont 2 et l'entraînement des pignons 27 et 43 est arrêté (Fig. 7C).By moving upwards, the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are applied against the underside of the bridge 2 and the drive of the gears 27 and 43 is stopped ( Fig. 7C ).

Ensuite, la colonne support 3 est séparée du pont 2 et les éléments 31 de la navette 30 sont soulevés afin d'écarter le pont 2 de la colonne support 3 qui demeure en position verticale ainsi que montré à la Fig. 7C.Then, the support column 3 is separated from the bridge 2 and the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are raised to separate the bridge 2 from the support column 3 which remains in a vertical position as shown in FIG. Fig. 7C .

Plusieurs variantes peuvent être envisagées.Several variants can be envisaged.

La première consiste à verrouiller les éléments 31 de la navette 30 sur les jambes de levage 12, à amener la coque 11 en flottaison afin de réduire les efforts dans ces jambes de levage 12 et le fond marin 4, à séparer la colonne support 3 du pont 2 et à lever les éléments 31 de la navette 30 par les pignons 43 qui engrènent avec les séries de dents 22, comme montré à la Fig. 8E. En alternative, les éléments 31 de la navette 30 peuvent ne pas être levés par les pignons 43, mais verrouillés sur les jambes de levage 12. Le relevage des éléments 31 et du pont 11 peut être effectué alors de manière passive lors de la remontée de ces jambes de levage 12.The first is to lock the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 on the lifting legs 12, to bring the hull 11 to float in order to reduce the forces in these lifting legs 12 and the seabed 4, to separate the support column 3 of the bridge 2 and lift the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 by the pinions 43 which mesh with the series of teeth 22, as shown in FIG. 8E. Alternatively, the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 may not be lifted by the pinions 43, but locked on the lifting legs 12. The lifting elements 31 and bridge 11 can then be carried out passively during the ascent of these lifting legs 12.

La deuxième variante consiste à verrouiller les éléments 31 de la navette 30 sur les jambes de levage 12, à découper un tronçon de la colonne support 3 de longueur suffisante, à retirer ce tronçon afin de séparer le pont 2 du reste de la colonne support 3 et à amener la coque 11 en flottaison.The second variant is to lock the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 on the lifting legs 12, to cut a section of the support column 3 of sufficient length, to remove this section to separate the bridge 2 from the rest of the support column 3 and to bring the hull 11 floating.

La troisième consiste à séparer la colonne support 3 du pont 2, à lever les éléments 31 de la navette 30 au moyen des pignons 43 qui engrènent avec les séries de dents 22, puis à verrouiller ces éléments 31 sur des jambes de levage 12 et, enfin, à descendre la coque 11 en flottaison (Fig. 7D).The third consists in separating the support column 3 from the bridge 2, lifting the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 by means of the pinions 43 which mesh with the series of teeth 22, then locking these elements 31 on lifting legs 12 and, finally, to lower the hull 11 in the water ( Fig. 7D ).

Enfin, la quatrième variante consiste à séparer la colonne support 3 du pont 2, à lever les éléments 31 de la navette 3 et la coque 11, à verrouiller ces éléments 31 sur les jambes de levage 12 et à amener la coque 11 en flottaison.Finally, the fourth variant consists in separating the support column 3 from the bridge 2, lifting the elements 31 of the shuttle 3 and the shell 11, to lock these elements 31 on the lifting legs 12 and to bring the hull 11 floating.

Après avoir amené la coque 11 en flottaison, les pignons 27 sont toujours entraînés en rotation ce qui provoque, par réaction, du fait de l'enfoncement de la coque 11 dans l'eau, la remontée des jambes de levage 12 (Fig. 7E).After bringing the hull 11 into water, the pinions 27 are always driven in rotation, which causes, by reaction, due to the depression of the hull 11 in the water, the lifting of the lifting legs 12 ( Fig. 7E ).

La coque 11 supportant le pont 2 par l'intermédiaire de la navette 30 est dégagée du site d'exploitation sur lequel la colonne support 3 est toujours en place.The hull 11 supporting the bridge 2 via the shuttle 30 is disengaged from the operating site on which the support column 3 is still in place.

Ensuite, les éléments 31 sont déverrouillés des jambes de levage 12 et sont descendus par l'entraînement en sens inverse des pignons 43 qui engrènent avec les séries de dents 22 pour amener ces éléments 31 supportant le pont 2 sensiblement au niveau de la coque 11 (Fig. 7F): La structure 10 transporte le pont 2 par flottaison, comme montré à la Fig. 7G. Au cours de ce transport la stabilisation latérale du pont 2 sur les éléments 31 de la navette 30 peut être assurée par des vérins, non représentés, qui sont en contact avec les faces latérales de ce pont 2.Then, the elements 31 are unlocked from the lifting legs 12 and are lowered by the drive in the opposite direction of the pinions 43 which mesh with the series of teeth 22 to bring these elements 31 supporting the bridge 2 substantially at the level of the shell 11 ( Fig. 7F ): The structure 10 transports the bridge 2 by flotation, as shown in FIG. Fig. 7G . During this transport the lateral stabilization of the bridge 2 on the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 can be ensured by cylinders, not shown, which are in contact with the lateral faces of this bridge 2.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté sur la Fig. 7H, la coque 11 supportant le pont 2 est amenée par flottaison, jusqu'à un quai d'un port et les jambes de levage 12 sont appliquées sur le fond pour stabiliser cette coque 11.In the exemplary embodiment shown on the Fig. 7H , the hull 11 supporting the deck 2 is floated to a dock of a port and the lifting legs 12 are applied on the bottom to stabilize the hull 11.

Une pièce de liaison 6 est placée entre la coque 11 et le quai pour assurer une continuité entre la surface de cette coque 11 et ledit quai. Ensuite, le pont 2 est déchargé sur ce quai.A connecting piece 6 is placed between the shell 11 and the dock to ensure continuity between the surface of the shell 11 and said dock. Then, bridge 2 is unloaded on this platform.

Selon une variante, le pont 2 peut-être préalablement déchargé sur une barge qui assure le transport de ce pont jusqu'au quai.According to one variant, the bridge 2 may have been previously unloaded on a barge which transports this bridge to the wharf.

D'une manière générale, l'ordre de certaines étapes du démantèlement du pont peut être inversé selon les conditions du démantèlement.In general, the order of certain stages of the dismantling of the bridge can be reversed according to the conditions of the dismantling.

La structure selon l'invention présente l'avantage de pouvoir transporter le pont d'une plate-forme pétrolière directement du site d'exploitation sur un site fixe où le démontage peut être effectué en toute sécurité, sans risque de pollution du milieu marin ou inversement entre un site fixe et un site d'exploitation.The structure according to the invention has the advantage of being able to transport the deck of an oil rig directly from the operating site to a fixed site where the dismantling can be carried out safely, without risk of pollution of the marine environment or conversely between a fixed site and an exploitation site.

De plus, les différentes étapes de transfert et de transport sont effectuées sans aucune opération de ballastage, permettant ainsi de réaliser un gain de temps important ce qui est appréciable dans des régions où les conditions atmosphériques sont très rapidement changeantes.In addition, the different stages of transfer and transport are carried out without any ballasting operation, thus making it possible to save a considerable amount of time, which is appreciable in regions where the atmospheric conditions are very rapidly changing.

Claims (6)

  1. A structure for dismantling and transporting a fixed offshore oil production platform (1) comprising frame elements formed notably by a deck (2) and at least one support column (3), said structure including:
    - a "U"-shaped floating hull (11) equipped with at least three legs (12) for raising this hull (11) and adapted in order to be supported on the seabed (4), each raising leg (12) being associated with mechanical displacement means (20) housed in a bearing frame (16) of said hull (11), and
    - a shuttle (30) which is displaceable along the legs (12) and which is intended to displace one of the frame elements (2, 3) of the platform (1),
    said shuttle (30) being formed by at least three elements (31) which are each associated with one of the raising legs (12) and each comprising, on the one hand, means (50, 51) for connection with the deck (2) to be displaced of said platform (1), characterised in that each element (31) comprises, on the other hand, mechanical means (40) for driving on the corresponding raising leg (12) independently of the hull (11) of the structure (10).
  2. The structure according to Claim 1, characterised in that each element (31) of the shuttle (30) includes a vertical branch (32) for guiding on the corresponding bearing frame (16) of the hull (11) and comprising, at its upper part, a horizontal branch (33) for supporting the mechanical means (40) for driving said element (31) on the corresponding leg (12).
  3. The structure according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the mechanical means (40) for driving each element (31) include, on the one hand, two opposing plates (21) borne by each chord (14) of the corresponding raising leg (12) and each comprising, on each lateral face, a series of teeth (22) and, on the other hand, at least two opposing assemblies (42, 43), borne by the horizontal branch (33) of said element (31) and each formed by a pinion (43) which is rotationally driven and cooperating with one of the series of teeth (22).
  4. The structure according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the means for connection with the deck (2) of the platform (1) include at least one horizontal plate (50) for supporting this deck (2) which is arranged at the lower part of the vertical branch (32) of each element (31) of the shuttle (30).
  5. The structure according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that it comprises an independent branch (70) for obturating the opening of the hull (11) and which can be locked onto said hull (11).
  6. A method for dismantling and transporting a frame element of a fixed oil platform (1), formed by a deck (2), between a production site and a disassembly quay for the deck (2), consisting of the following steps:
    - arranging, below the deck (2), a transport structure (10) comprising a "U"-shaped floating hull (11) equipped with at least three legs (12) for raising this hull (11) and a shuttle (30) which is displaceable along these legs (12) independently of said hull (11), said shuttle (30) being formed from at least three elements (31) which are each associated with one of the raising legs (12) and which each comprise, on the one hand, mechanical means (40) for driving on the corresponding raising leg (12) independently of the hull (11) of the structure (10) and, on the other hand, means (50, 51) for connection with the frame element (2, 3) to be displaced of said platform (1),
    - applying the raising legs (12) to the seabed (4),
    - raising the hull (11) and the shuttle (30) in order to bring said means (50, 51) for connecting said shuttle (30) into contact with the deck (2),
    - locking the shuttle (30) onto the raising legs (12),
    - lowering the hull (11) in order to bring it into a floating state,
    - separating the deck (2) from its support column (3),
    - lifting the deck (2) by means of the shuttle (30) under the action of the raising of the raising legs (12),
    - displacing the structure (10) supporting the deck (2) in order to disengage said deck (2) from the support column (3),
    - lowering the shuttle (30) supporting the deck (2) in order to convey it onto the hull (11),
    - bringing, by floatation, the structure (10) supporting the deck (2) to the disassembly quay or to a site for offloading onto a barge,
    - applying the raising legs (012) to the seabed in order to stabilise the hull (11),
    - freeing the deck (2) from the structure (10), and
    - offloading the deck (2) onto the quay or onto the barge.
EP04816494A 2004-01-28 2004-12-30 Method and Device for dismanteling an oil platform Not-in-force EP1716293B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07002269A EP1798342B1 (en) 2004-01-28 2004-12-30 Device for dismantling and transporting of an offshore platform

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0400806A FR2865484B1 (en) 2004-01-28 2004-01-28 STRUCTURE FOR TRANSPORTING, INSTALLING AND DISMANTLING THE ELEMENTS OF A FIXED PETROLEUM PLATFORM AND METHODS OF IMPLEMENTING SUCH A STRUCTURE
PCT/FR2004/003418 WO2005083183A1 (en) 2004-01-28 2004-12-30 Structure for transporting, installing and dismantling the elements of a fixed oil platform and methods for using said structure

Related Child Applications (1)

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EP07002269A Division EP1798342B1 (en) 2004-01-28 2004-12-30 Device for dismantling and transporting of an offshore platform

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EP1716293A1 EP1716293A1 (en) 2006-11-02
EP1716293B1 true EP1716293B1 (en) 2008-08-13

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EP04816494A Not-in-force EP1716293B1 (en) 2004-01-28 2004-12-30 Method and Device for dismanteling an oil platform

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EP (2) EP1798342B1 (en)
KR (1) KR101230424B1 (en)
AT (2) ATE404739T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2004316316B2 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0418459B1 (en)
DE (1) DE602004015846D1 (en)
EA (1) EA008616B1 (en)
FR (1) FR2865484B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005083183A1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
EP1716293A1 (en) 2006-11-02
US20080131209A1 (en) 2008-06-05
EP1798342B1 (en) 2011-12-21
DE602004015846D1 (en) 2008-09-25
KR20070006723A (en) 2007-01-11
US8070388B2 (en) 2011-12-06
AU2004316316B2 (en) 2010-03-11
KR101230424B1 (en) 2013-02-06
EP1798342A3 (en) 2008-11-19
AU2004316316A1 (en) 2005-09-09
BRPI0418459B1 (en) 2015-10-20
WO2005083183A1 (en) 2005-09-09
FR2865484A1 (en) 2005-07-29
EA200601376A1 (en) 2007-02-27
ATE538256T1 (en) 2012-01-15
FR2865484B1 (en) 2006-05-19
EP1798342A2 (en) 2007-06-20
EA008616B1 (en) 2007-06-29
ATE404739T1 (en) 2008-08-15
BRPI0418459A (en) 2007-06-05

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