EP0097069B1 - Method for the installation of a platform in the sea, platform superstructure for carrying out this method - Google Patents

Method for the installation of a platform in the sea, platform superstructure for carrying out this method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0097069B1
EP0097069B1 EP83400991A EP83400991A EP0097069B1 EP 0097069 B1 EP0097069 B1 EP 0097069B1 EP 83400991 A EP83400991 A EP 83400991A EP 83400991 A EP83400991 A EP 83400991A EP 0097069 B1 EP0097069 B1 EP 0097069B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
superstructure
floats
barge
understructure
platform
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EP83400991A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0097069A1 (en
Inventor
Yves Pol Wautelet
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Technip Geoproduction SA
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Technip Geoproduction SA
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Publication of EP0097069A1 publication Critical patent/EP0097069A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto

Definitions

  • the present invention essentially relates to a method of installing a fixed platform at sea.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to remedy the above drawbacks in particular by proposing a new method of installing a fixed platform, which method requires minimal work at sea, allows rapid, reliable and safe positioning of the superstructure on the infrastructure of the platform, and therefore remains relatively low overall cost and in any case significantly lower than conventional methods.
  • the essential object of the invention is a method of installing a fixed platform at sea and of the type consisting in flotation carrying a superstructure to the site of installation of the platform, in positioning this superstructure to the right of an infrastructure already resting on the sea bottom, and to lower the superstructure to ensure its placement on the infrastructure and thus erect said platform, characterized in that said superstructure being initially provided with floats temporary, it is transported by barge to the vicinity of the infrastructure, the barge is sunk or submerged to a depth sufficient to allow the buoyancy of the superstructure thanks to the temporary floats, then the superstructure is floated to the right of the infrastructure, then after lowering the superstructure to bring it into contact with the infrastructure and after assembling the two structures together, the fleet is removed temporary ones from below the superstructure.
  • the superstructure conveyed by the barge does not initially comprise the above-mentioned floats, these being substituted for the barge only near the infrastructure.
  • the superstructure is kept in abutment on its piles, the barge is ballasted and the floats are interposed between the barge and the underside of the superstructure.
  • the positioning in the horizontal plane of the superstructure in line with the infrastructure is carried out by hauling on hawsers, chains or the like connecting the infrastructure to the floats and / or to the superstructure .
  • the method of the invention is further characterized in that the positioning of the superstructure on the infrastructure in the vertical direction can be carried out by ballasting of the floats and / or by actuation of jacks integral with the superstructure, and / or by vertical traction on the infrastructure by means of at least one winch and cables for example.
  • the invention also relates to a platform superstructure for the execution of the above method, and with which is associated a barge allowing its transport on sea, characterized in that flotation means constituted by at least two removable floats ensure its maintenance on the sea during its lowering.
  • This superstructure is also characterized by the fact that each float is connected to the super structure via a removable support, for example forming a lattice structure.
  • floats have a parallelepiped shape surmounted by two projecting parts and possibly include stabilizing flaps which can be adjustable.
  • the aforementioned floats are provided with winches, while piles or columns actuated by jacks, as known per se, can be provided on the superstructure to mount it on the infrastructure.
  • a platform superstructure 1 is built on a site and rests on the ground 2 by means of rails 3 for example.
  • the superstructure 1 forms a lattice structure, but could be constituted otherwise, without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • Cylinders 4, of a type known per se and for example eight in number, are integral with the superstructure 1 and are capable of actuating columns or stacks 5 allowing the lowering or lifting of the superstructure 1.
  • the superstructure 1 is raised relative to the ground 2 by means of the jacks 4, so as to allow, in accordance with the invention, the insertion and mounting under said superstructure, of two floats 6 better visible in FIG. 9.
  • floats 6 have, according to a preferred embodiment, a substantially parallelepiped shape and are each surmounted, at their respective ends, by two projecting parts 6a.
  • the parts 6a advantageously give the deck 1 - floats 6 assembly a behavior close to that of a semi-submersible platform, as will be seen below.
  • the floats 6 can be made of any suitable material and, as seen in FIG. 9, can include various accessories such as removable and / or adjustable stabilization flaps 7.
  • the floats 6 are connected to the structure 1 by means of a support 8 preferably forming a lattice structure.
  • These supports 8 are advantageously removable, as are consequently the floats 6 that one can. thus qualify as temporary and removable floating elements.
  • the superstructure 1 on the barge 9 is removed, and said barge is ballasted, submerged or possibly sunk.
  • the superstructure 1 is launched and floats by means of the floats 6, as can be seen in FIG. 4.
  • the superstructure 1 is then towed to the final installation site where an infrastructure 10 has been installed, with eight piers 11 for example, as is clearly shown in FIG. 5 where we see said infrastructure which rests or is fixed to the bottom 12 of the sea 13 by any appropriate means.
  • hawsers, chains or the like 15 connect the floats 6 (or even the superstructure 1) to the infrastructure 10, and more particularly to the four central stacks 11 a of this infrastructure.
  • the superstructure 1 can be positioned precisely in the horizontal plane above the infrastructure 10.
  • the floats 6 which support the superstructure 10 somewhat in the manner of a catamaran, squeeze between the 11 stacks of the infrastructure.
  • the superstructure 1 is thus correctly positioned in the horizontal plane above the in frastructure, it is necessary to remove the piles 5 of the superstructure on the corresponding piles 11 of the infrastructure. To proceed with this removal, the floats 6 can be ballasted as seen in FIG. 5 if we compare it to fig. 4. It should be noted here, that a partial ballasting of these floats can be carried out before the removal of the superstructure 1, which advantageously gives it the behavior of a semi-submersible machine during towing.
  • the platform is practically carried out and is in the position illustrated by lafig. 8. It is necessary to simultaneously actuate the jacks 4 to raise the superstructure 1 to its final level above the sea. During this lifting, the floats 6 advantageously assist the jacks 4, and then the floats 6 as well as the intermediate structure 8 can be removed, it being understood that they can be reusable later.
  • the superstructure 1 conveyed by the transport barge 9 is not initially, that is to say on the manufacturing site, equipped with floats 6 according to the invention.
  • this superstructure 1 is transported alone up to the proximity of the infrastructure 10, in a protected site and in relatively shallow water. It is here that the floats 6 are substituted for the barge 9, in the following manner.
  • the superstructure 1 is held in abutment by its batteries 5 on the bottom 12 of the sea, and this by actuation of the jacks 4.
  • the barge 9 is then ballasted as indicated by the arrow 14, and the floats 6 are interposed between the barge 9 and the underside of superstructure 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Description

La présente invention a essentiellement pour objet un procédé d'installation d'une plate-forme fixe en mer.The present invention essentially relates to a method of installing a fixed platform at sea.

Elle vise également une superstructure de plate-forme permettant l'exécution de ce procédé.It also relates to a platform superstructure allowing the execution of this process.

On sait que les plates-formes fixes se composent, d'une manière générale, de deux ensembles, à savoir une infrastructure reposant sur le fond de la mer et une superstructure qui est supportée, au-dessus du niveau de la mer, par l'infrastructure. Pour réaliser l'assemblage en mer de ces deux ensembles sur un site d'implantation choisi, on a déjà proposé diverses solutions.We know that fixed platforms generally consist of two sets, namely an infrastructure resting on the sea bottom and a superstructure which is supported, above sea level, by the 'infrastructure. In order to assemble these two assemblies at sea on a chosen site, various solutions have already been proposed.

L'infrastructure et la superstructure, toutes deux construites sous forme modulaire, sont transportées sur des barges-grues jusqu'au site d'implantation où l'on assemble les divers modules pour ainsi ériger la plate-forme. Comme on le comprend, cette manière de procéder exige un travail important sur site d'assemblage et de raccordement des divers modules, de sorte qu'au total le coût résultant de la main-d'oeuvre et de l'important travail à effectuer en mer, est actuellement prohibitif.The infrastructure and superstructure, both built in modular form, are transported on crane barges to the site where the various modules are assembled, thereby erecting the platform. As can be understood, this way of proceeding requires significant work on site for assembly and connection of the various modules, so that in total the cost resulting from the labor and the important work to be carried out sea, is currently prohibitive.

On a donc proposé d'acheminer la plate-forme assemblée en un seul bloc sur une multiplicité de barges jusqu'au site d'érection, comme cela est décrit par exemple dans le brevet américain US-A N° 2657540. Lorsque la plate-forme est arrivée sur le site choisi, on la monte sur des piles que l'on a fait chuter au travers de la plate-forme jusqu'au fond de la mer, et on submerge ou on coule les barges pour pouvoir les retirer du dessous de la plate-forme. Mais en raison des mouvements de houle impartis aux nombreuses barges, on comprend que l'installation de la plate-forme, tant dans le plan horizontal que vertical, peut poser de gros problèmes, et il y a des risques d'imprécision d'assemblage de la plate-forme aux piles et même des risques d'accidents lors de cet assemblage ou postérieurement à celu.i-ci.It has therefore been proposed to route the assembled platform in a single block over a multiplicity of barges to the erection site, as described for example in American patent US-A No. 2657540. When the platform form arrived at the chosen site, it is mounted on piles which have been dropped across the platform to the bottom of the sea, and the barges are submerged or sunk in order to be able to remove them from below of the platform. But due to the swell movements imparted to the numerous barges, it is understood that the installation of the platform, both in the horizontal and vertical planes, can pose major problems, and there are risks of imprecision in assembly. from the platform to the batteries and even the risk of accidents during this assembly or afterwards.

Par ailleurs, on a proposé d'acheminer par flottaison la superstructure seule jusqu'au site d'implantation, à l'endroit où est déjà installée l'infrastructure au fond de la mer, comme cela est par exemple décrit dans le certificat d'addition français FR-A N° 2416306. Selon ce document, la superstructure est transportée par un flotteur fixé à demeure sous celle-ci et qui, après positionnement de la superstructure au droit de l'infrastructure, est ballasté pour permettre la dépose puis la fixation de la superstructure sur l'infrastructure. Mais dans ce cas, le flotteur fait partie intégrante de la plate-forme une fois érigée, en complique par conséquent la structure et n'est pas facilement réutilisable.In addition, it has been proposed to float the superstructure alone to the site of implantation, at the place where the infrastructure is already installed at the bottom of the sea, as for example described in the certificate of French addition FR-A N ° 2416306. According to this document, the superstructure is transported by a float permanently fixed under it and which, after positioning the superstructure in line with the infrastructure, is ballasted to allow removal and then fixing of the superstructure on the infrastructure. But in this case, the float is an integral part of the platform once erected, therefore complicates the structure and is not easily reusable.

Aussi la présente invention a pour but de remédier notamment aux inconvénients ci-dessus en proposant un nouveau procédé d'installation d'une plate-forme fixe, lequel procédé exige un travail minimal en mer, permet un positionnement rapide, fiable et sûr de la superstructure sur l'infrastructure de la plate-forme, et demeure par conséquent d'un coût total relativement faible et en tout cas nettement inférieur aux procédés classiques.The object of the present invention is therefore to remedy the above drawbacks in particular by proposing a new method of installing a fixed platform, which method requires minimal work at sea, allows rapid, reliable and safe positioning of the superstructure on the infrastructure of the platform, and therefore remains relatively low overall cost and in any case significantly lower than conventional methods.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet essentiel un procédé d'installation d'une plate-forme fixe en mer et du type consistant à acheminer par flottaison une superstructure vers le site d'implantation de la plate-forme, à positionner cette superstructure au droit d'une infrastructure reposant déjà sur le fond de la mer, et à abaisser la superstructure pour assurer sa mise en place sur l'infrastructure et ainsi ériger ladite plate-forme, caractérisé en ce que ladite superstructure étant initialement munie de flotteurs provisoires amovibles, on l'achemine par barge jusqu'à proximité de l'infrastructure, on coule ou on submerge la barge à une profondeur suffisante pour permettre la flottaison de la superstructure grâce aux flotteurs provisoires, on achemine ensuite la superstructure par flottaison au droit de l'infrastructure, puis après abaissement de l'a superstructure pour l'amener en contact avec l'infrastructure et après assemblage des deux structures entre elles, on retire les flotteurs provisoires du dessous de la superstructure.To this end, the essential object of the invention is a method of installing a fixed platform at sea and of the type consisting in flotation carrying a superstructure to the site of installation of the platform, in positioning this superstructure to the right of an infrastructure already resting on the sea bottom, and to lower the superstructure to ensure its placement on the infrastructure and thus erect said platform, characterized in that said superstructure being initially provided with floats temporary, it is transported by barge to the vicinity of the infrastructure, the barge is sunk or submerged to a depth sufficient to allow the buoyancy of the superstructure thanks to the temporary floats, then the superstructure is floated to the right of the infrastructure, then after lowering the superstructure to bring it into contact with the infrastructure and after assembling the two structures together, the fleet is removed temporary ones from below the superstructure.

On comprend donc déjà que letransport océanique de la superstructure depuis le chantier de construction est effectué par une barge par exemple jusqu'à proximité du site de pose et, à ce moment-là, ce sont les flotteurs qui se substituent à la barge et permettent un acheminement et un positionnement précis, rigoureux et sans danger de la superstructure sur l'infrastructure.It is therefore already understood that the ocean transport of the superstructure from the construction site is carried out by a barge for example up to the vicinity of the installation site and, at this time, it is the floats which replace the barge and allow precise, rigorous and safe routing and positioning of the superstructure on the infrastructure.

Suivant une variante du procédé de l'invention, la superstructure acheminée par la barge ne comporte pas initialement les flotteurs précités, ceux-ci n'étant substitués à la barge qu'à proximité de l'infrastructure.According to a variant of the method of the invention, the superstructure conveyed by the barge does not initially comprise the above-mentioned floats, these being substituted for the barge only near the infrastructure.

Dans ce cas-là, pour substituer les flotteurs à la barge de transport, on maintient la superstructure en appui sur ses piles, on ballaste la barge et on interpose les flotteurs entre la barge et le dessous de la superstructure.In this case, to replace the floats for the transport barge, the superstructure is kept in abutment on its piles, the barge is ballasted and the floats are interposed between the barge and the underside of the superstructure.

Suivant encore une autre caractéristique du procédé de l'invention, le positionnement dans le plan horizontal de la superstructure au droit de l'infrastructure est effectué par halage sur des aussières, chaînes ou analogues reliant l'infrastructure aux flotteurs et/ou à la superstructure.According to yet another characteristic of the method of the invention, the positioning in the horizontal plane of the superstructure in line with the infrastructure is carried out by hauling on hawsers, chains or the like connecting the infrastructure to the floats and / or to the superstructure .

Le procédé de l'invention est encore caractérisé en ce que le positionnement de la superstructure sur l'infrastructure dans le sens vertical peut être effectué par ballastage des flotteurs et/ou par actionnement de vérins solidaires de la superstructure, et/ou par traction verticale sur l'infrastructure au moyen d'au moins un treuil et de câbles par exemple.The method of the invention is further characterized in that the positioning of the superstructure on the infrastructure in the vertical direction can be carried out by ballasting of the floats and / or by actuation of jacks integral with the superstructure, and / or by vertical traction on the infrastructure by means of at least one winch and cables for example.

L'invention vise également une superstructure de plate-forme pour l'exécution du procédé ci-dessus, et à laquelle est associée une barge permettant son transport sur mer, caractérisée en ce que des moyens de flottaison constitués par au moins deux flotteurs démontables assurent son maintien sur la mer lors de son abaissement.The invention also relates to a platform superstructure for the execution of the above method, and with which is associated a barge allowing its transport on sea, characterized in that flotation means constituted by at least two removable floats ensure its maintenance on the sea during its lowering.

Cette superstructure est également caractérisée par le fait que chaque flotteur est relié à la superstructure par l'intermédiaire d'un support démontable formant par exemple une structure en treillis.This superstructure is also characterized by the fact that each float is connected to the super structure via a removable support, for example forming a lattice structure.

On ajoutera encore ici que les flotteurs précités présentent une forme parallélépipédique surmontée par deux parties en saillie et comportent éventuellement des volets de stabilisation pouvant être réglables.It will also be added here that the above-mentioned floats have a parallelepiped shape surmounted by two projecting parts and possibly include stabilizing flaps which can be adjustable.

Les flotteurs précités sont munis de treuils, tandis que des piles ou colonnes actionnables par vérins, comme connu en soi, peuvent être prévues sur la superstructure pour la monter sur l'infrastructure.The aforementioned floats are provided with winches, while piles or columns actuated by jacks, as known per se, can be provided on the superstructure to mount it on the infrastructure.

Mais d'autres avantages et particularités de l'invention apparaîtront mieux dans la description détaillée qui suit et se réfère aux dessins schématiques annexés, donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple, et dans lesquels:

  • La fig. 1 est une vue schématique en élévation d'une superstructure de plate-forme fabriquée sur un chantier.
  • La fig. 2 est une vue en élévation de cette superstructure sous laquelle on a fixé des flotteurs provisoires amovibles conformément à l'invention.
  • La fig. 3 est une vue schématique de la superstructure en position de transport sur une barge.
  • La fig. 4 est une vue schématique de la superstructure en position de flottaison et prête à être acheminée au droit d'une infrastructure.
  • La fig. 5 est une vue schématique de la superstructure en position de dépose sur l'infrastructure.
  • Les fig. 6 et 7 sont des vues en plan illustrant un exemple d'arrimage et de halage de la superstructure pour l'amener au droit de l'infrastructure dans le plan horizontal.
  • La fig. 8 est une vue de l'ouvrage en position assemblée.
  • La fig. 9 est une vue en perspective d'un flotteur, et
  • les fig. 10 et 11 illustrent schématiquement une variante du procédé selon l'invention.
However, other advantages and particularities of the invention will appear better in the detailed description which follows and which refers to the appended schematic drawings, given solely by way of example, and in which:
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic elevation view of a platform superstructure manufactured on a site.
  • Fig. 2 is an elevational view of this superstructure under which removable temporary floats have been fixed in accordance with the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the superstructure in the transport position on a barge.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the superstructure in the floating position and ready to be routed at the right of an infrastructure.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the superstructure in the removal position on the infrastructure.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 are plan views illustrating an example of securing and hauling the superstructure to bring it to the right of the infrastructure in the horizontal plane.
  • Fig. 8 is a view of the work in the assembled position.
  • Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a float, and
  • fig. 10 and 11 schematically illustrate a variant of the method according to the invention.

On décrira simultanément, en se reportant aux dessins annexés, la séquence des opérations d'installation de la superstructure, en même temps que les moyens selon l'invention pour procéder à cette installation.The sequence of installation operations for the superstructure will be described simultaneously with reference to the accompanying drawings, together with the means according to the invention for carrying out this installation.

Suivant un exemple de réalisation et en se reportant à la fig. 1, une superstructure de plate-forme 1 est construite sur un chantier et repose sur le sol 2 par l'intermédiaire de rails 3 par exemple. Suivant l'exemple représenté, la superstructure 1 forme une structure en treillis, mais pourrait être constituée autrement, et ce sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. Des vérins 4, d'un type connu en soi et par exemple au nombre de huit, sont solidaires de la superstructure 1 et sont susceptibles d'actionner des colonnes ou piles 5 permettant l'abaissement ou le soulèvement de la superstructure 1.According to an exemplary embodiment and with reference to FIG. 1, a platform superstructure 1 is built on a site and rests on the ground 2 by means of rails 3 for example. According to the example shown, the superstructure 1 forms a lattice structure, but could be constituted otherwise, without departing from the scope of the invention. Cylinders 4, of a type known per se and for example eight in number, are integral with the superstructure 1 and are capable of actuating columns or stacks 5 allowing the lowering or lifting of the superstructure 1.

Ainsi, après construction et comme on le voit sur la fig. 2, la superstructure 1 est soulevée par rapport au sol 2 au moyen des vérins 4, de façon à permettre, conformément à l'invention, l'insertion et le montage sous ladite superstructure, de deux flotteurs 6 mieux visibles sur la fig. 9.Thus, after construction and as seen in FIG. 2, the superstructure 1 is raised relative to the ground 2 by means of the jacks 4, so as to allow, in accordance with the invention, the insertion and mounting under said superstructure, of two floats 6 better visible in FIG. 9.

Ces flotteurs 6 présentent, suivant une réalisation préférée, une forme sensiblement parallélépipédique et sont chacun surmontés, à leurs extrémités respectives, de deux parties en saillie 6a. Lorsque les flotteurs 6 sont ballastés, les parties 6a confèrent avantageusement à l'ensemble pont 1 - flotteurs 6 un comportement proche de celui d'une plate-forme semi-submersible, comme on le verra plus loin. Les flotteurs 6 peuvent être réalisés en tout matériau approprié et, comme on le voit sur la fig. 9, peuvent comporter divers accessoires tels que des volets amovibles et/ou réglables de stabilisation 7.These floats 6 have, according to a preferred embodiment, a substantially parallelepiped shape and are each surmounted, at their respective ends, by two projecting parts 6a. When the floats 6 are ballasted, the parts 6a advantageously give the deck 1 - floats 6 assembly a behavior close to that of a semi-submersible platform, as will be seen below. The floats 6 can be made of any suitable material and, as seen in FIG. 9, can include various accessories such as removable and / or adjustable stabilization flaps 7.

Revenant à la fig. 2, on voit que les flotteurs 6 sont reliés à la structure 1 par l'intermédiaire d'un support 8 formant de préférence une structure en treillis. Ces supports 8 sont avantageusement démontables, de même que le sont par conséquent les flotteurs 6 que l'on peut. ainsi qualifier d'éléments flottants provisoires et amovibles.Returning to fig. 2, it can be seen that the floats 6 are connected to the structure 1 by means of a support 8 preferably forming a lattice structure. These supports 8 are advantageously removable, as are consequently the floats 6 that one can. thus qualify as temporary and removable floating elements.

Le montage des flotteurs 6 ayant été ainsi effectué, comme on le voit sur la fig. 2, on relève les piles 5 à l'aide des vérins 4, de sorte que la superstructure 1 repose sur le sol 2 par l'intermédiaire des flotteurs 6. Et l'ensemble pont 1-flotteurs 6 est chargé, par glissement sur les rails 3, sur une barge 9, comme cela est représenté sur la fig. 3. Après arrimage de l'ensemble sur la barge 9, le remorquage transocéanique depuis le chantier de construction jusqu'à proximité du site de pose, est effectué.The assembly of the floats 6 having been thus carried out, as can be seen in FIG. 2, the batteries 5 are raised using the jacks 4, so that the superstructure 1 rests on the ground 2 by means of the floats 6. And the bridge 1-floats 6 assembly is loaded, by sliding on the rails 3, on a barge 9, as shown in FIG. 3. After securing the assembly to barge 9, transoceanic towing from the construction site to the vicinity of the installation site is carried out.

A cet endroit, lorsque les conditions météorologiques sontfavorables, l'arrimage de la superstructure 1 sur la barge 9 est enlevé, et ladite barge est ballastée, submergée ou éventuellement coulée. Ainsi, la superstructure 1 se trouve mise à l'eau et flotte par l'intermédiaire des flotteurs 6, comme on le voit bien sur la fig. 4.At this location, when the weather conditions are favorable, the stowage of the superstructure 1 on the barge 9 is removed, and said barge is ballasted, submerged or possibly sunk. Thus, the superstructure 1 is launched and floats by means of the floats 6, as can be seen in FIG. 4.

On notera qu'à ce stade, la barge de transport 9 peut bien sûr être renflouée après déplacement de la superstructure 1 sur ses flotteurs 6.It will be noted that at this stage, the transport barge 9 can of course be bailed out after displacement of the superstructure 1 on its floats 6.

La superstructure 1 est alors remorquée jusqu'au site d'implantation définitif où a été installée une infrastructure 10, à huit piles 11 par exemple, comme cela apparaît clairement sur la fig. 5 où l'on voit ladite infrastructure qui repose ou est fixée sur le fond 12 de la mer 13 par tout moyen approprié.The superstructure 1 is then towed to the final installation site where an infrastructure 10 has been installed, with eight piers 11 for example, as is clearly shown in FIG. 5 where we see said infrastructure which rests or is fixed to the bottom 12 of the sea 13 by any appropriate means.

C'est à ce stade que les flotteurs provisoires 6 selon l'invention trouvent leur pleine justification, car ils permettent un positionnement précis, fiable et rapide de la superstructure 1 au droit de l'infrastructure 10, et ce tant dans le plan horizontal que dans le plan vertical, comme on l'expliquera plus en détail ci-après.It is at this stage that the temporary floats 6 according to the invention find their full justification, because they allow precise, reliable and rapid positioning of the superstructure 1 in line with the infrastructure 10, both in the horizontal plane and in the vertical plane, as will be explained in more detail below.

Comme on le voit sur les fig. 6 et 7, des aussières, chaînes ou analogues 15 relient les flotteurs 6 (ou encore la superstructure 1 ), à l'infrastructure 10, et plus particulièrement aux quatre piles centrales 11 a de cette infrastructure. Ainsi, par halage sur les aussières ou analogues 15, la superstructure 1 peut être positionnée précisément dans le plan horizontal au-dessus de l'infrastructure 10. Autrement dit, les flotteurs 6 qui supportent la superstructure 10, un peu à la manière d'un catamaran, se faufilent entre les piles 11 de l'infrastructure.As seen in Figs. 6 and 7, hawsers, chains or the like 15 connect the floats 6 (or even the superstructure 1) to the infrastructure 10, and more particularly to the four central stacks 11 a of this infrastructure. Thus, by hauling on the hawsers or the like 15, the superstructure 1 can be positioned precisely in the horizontal plane above the infrastructure 10. In other words, the floats 6 which support the superstructure 10, somewhat in the manner of a catamaran, squeeze between the 11 stacks of the infrastructure.

La superstructure 1 étant ainsi correctement positionnée dans le plan horizontal au-dessus de l'infrastructure, il convient de procéder à la dépose des piles 5 de la superstructure sur les piles correspondantes 11 de l'infrastructure. Pour procéder à cette dépose, on peut procéder au ballastage des flotteurs 6 comme on le voit sur la fig. 5 si on la compare à la fig. 4. Il est à noter ici, qu'un ballastage partiel de ces flotteurs peut être effectué avant la dépose de la superstructure 1, ce qui confère avantageusement à celle-ci un comportement d'engin semi-submersible lors du remorquage.The superstructure 1 is thus correctly positioned in the horizontal plane above the in frastructure, it is necessary to remove the piles 5 of the superstructure on the corresponding piles 11 of the infrastructure. To proceed with this removal, the floats 6 can be ballasted as seen in FIG. 5 if we compare it to fig. 4. It should be noted here, that a partial ballasting of these floats can be carried out before the removal of the superstructure 1, which advantageously gives it the behavior of a semi-submersible machine during towing.

En plus du ballastage des flotteurs 6 pour la dépose sur l'infrastructure 10, on peut actionner les vérins 4 qui permettront aux piles 5 de coopérer avec les piles correspondantes 11 de l'infrastructure afin de permettre ainsi le blocage de la superstructure 1 dans le plan horizontal. Enfin, suivant une façon de procéder particulièrement avantageuse, on peut, pour réaliser la dépose, effectuer une traction verticale sur l'infrastructure 10 au moyen d'au moins un treuil (non représenté) et de câbles par exemple. Autrement dit, en actionnant le treuil, qui par exemple est monté sur l'un des flotteurs 6 et peut aussi servir pour le halage de la superstructure 1 comme expliqué précédemment, on fera plonger les flotteurs 6 et donc la superstructure 1 qui viendra, par approches successives par exemple, se positionner sur les piles 11 de l'infrastructure.In addition to the ballasting of the floats 6 for depositing on the infrastructure 10, it is possible to actuate the jacks 4 which will allow the batteries 5 to cooperate with the corresponding batteries 11 of the infrastructure so as to allow the blocking of the superstructure 1 in the horizontal plane. Finally, according to a particularly advantageous way of proceeding, it is possible, to carry out the removal, to carry out a vertical traction on the infrastructure 10 by means of at least one winch (not shown) and cables for example. In other words, by actuating the winch, which for example is mounted on one of the floats 6 and can also be used for hauling the superstructure 1 as explained previously, the floats 6 and therefore the superstructure 1 will be plunged, by successive approaches, for example, positioning themselves on the 11 stacks of the infrastructure.

L'opération de dépose ayant ainsi été réalisée par l'un et/ou l'autre des moyens précités, la plate-forme est pratiquement réalisée et se trouve dans la position illustrée par lafig. 8. On peut se nécessaire actionner simultanément les vérins 4 pour lever la superstructure 1 à son niveau définitif au-dessus de la mer. Pendant ce soulèvement, les flotteurs 6 assistent avantageusement les vérins 4, et ensuite les flotteurs 6 ainsi que la structure intermédiaire 8 peuvent être retirés, étant bien entendu qu'ils peuvent être réutilisables par la suite.The removal operation having thus been carried out by one and / or the other of the aforementioned means, the platform is practically carried out and is in the position illustrated by lafig. 8. It is necessary to simultaneously actuate the jacks 4 to raise the superstructure 1 to its final level above the sea. During this lifting, the floats 6 advantageously assist the jacks 4, and then the floats 6 as well as the intermediate structure 8 can be removed, it being understood that they can be reusable later.

On n'insistera pas ici sur toutes les opérations annexes qui consistent à enlever les aussières 15, à exécuter les liaisons nécessaires entre la superstructure 1 et L'infrastructure 10 après assemblage ou à retirer les vérins 4 et les longueurs excédentaires des piles 5. Toutes ces opérations sont annexes, et sont, d'une manière générale, connues en soi.We will not insist here on all the additional operations which consist in removing the hawsers 15, in carrying out the necessary connections between the superstructure 1 and the infrastructure 10 after assembly or in removing the jacks 4 and the excess lengths of the piers 5. All these operations are ancillary, and are generally known per se.

Par contre, il convient d'insister ici sur les nombreux avantages procurés par les flotteurs provisoires 6 dont les dimensions sont déterminées et optimisées afin notamment de permettre leur introduction entre les piles 11 de l'infrastructure 10, de réduire considérablement les mouvements de la superstructure 1 lors de son accostage sur l'infrastructure 10, ce qui ne serait pas le cas avec une barge de transport, et de participer à la dépose de la superstructure dans le plan vertical.On the other hand, it should be emphasized here on the numerous advantages provided by the temporary floats 6, the dimensions of which are determined and optimized in order in particular to allow their introduction between the piles 11 of the infrastructure 10, to considerably reduce the movements of the superstructure. 1 during its docking on the infrastructure 10, which would not be the case with a transport barge, and to participate in the removal of the superstructure in the vertical plane.

Suivant la variante illustrée sur les fig. 10 et 11, la superstructure 1 acheminée par la barge de transport 9 n'est pas initialement, c'est-à-dire sur le chantier de fabrication, équipée des flotteurs 6 selon l'invention. Autrement dit, cette superstructure 1 est transportée seule jusqu'à proximité de l'infrastructure 10, dans un site protégé et en eau relativement peu profonde. C'est ici que l'on substitue les flotteurs 6 à la barge 9, de la façon suivante.According to the variant illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11, the superstructure 1 conveyed by the transport barge 9 is not initially, that is to say on the manufacturing site, equipped with floats 6 according to the invention. In other words, this superstructure 1 is transported alone up to the proximity of the infrastructure 10, in a protected site and in relatively shallow water. It is here that the floats 6 are substituted for the barge 9, in the following manner.

Comme on le voit sur la fig. 10, la superstructure 1 est maintenue en appui par ses piles 5 sur le fond 12 de la mer, et ce par actionnement des vérins 4. La barge 9 est alors ballastée comme indiqué par la flèche 14, et on interpose les flotteurs 6 entre la barge 9 et le dessous de la superstructure 1 .As seen in fig. 10, the superstructure 1 is held in abutment by its batteries 5 on the bottom 12 of the sea, and this by actuation of the jacks 4. The barge 9 is then ballasted as indicated by the arrow 14, and the floats 6 are interposed between the barge 9 and the underside of superstructure 1.

L'opération de transfert sur les flotteurs étant ainsi réalisée, comme on le voit sur la fig. 11, il suffit alors de relever les piles 5 par action sur les vérins 4 et de remorquer le pont ou structure flottante 1 vers l'infrastructure 10 pour la positionner horizontalement et verticalement comme cela a été décrit en détail précédemment.The transfer operation on the floats being thus carried out, as can be seen in FIG. 11, it suffices then to raise the piles 5 by action on the jacks 4 and to tow the bridge or floating structure 1 towards the infrastructure 10 to position it horizontally and vertically as has been described in detail above.

On ajoutera ici qu'au lieu de substituer les flotteurs à la barge par appui de la superstructure sur ses piles 5 de part et d'autre de ladite barge, comme on l'a dit précédemment, on pourrait parfaitement procéder autrement, par exemple par glissement à terre de la superstructure 1, puis glissement de cette dernière sur les flotteurs. Dans cet ordre d'idées, on pourrait aussi créer deux bassins pour les flotteurs et construire et placer ces flotteurs dans les bassins pour ensuite construire la superstructure au-dessus des flotteurs, étant entendu que la mise à l'eau se ferait par ouverture des bassins sur la mer.We will add here that instead of replacing the floats for the barge by pressing the superstructure on its stacks 5 on either side of said barge, as we said previously, we could perfectly proceed otherwise, for example by sliding of the superstructure 1 on the ground, then sliding of the latter on the floats. In this order of ideas, we could also create two tanks for the floats and build and place these floats in the tanks and then build the superstructure above the floats, it being understood that the launching would be done by opening the pools on the sea.

Il résulte de ce qui précède que toutes lesvarian- tes possibles, du procédé de l'invention permettent la construction- d'une plate-forme fixe en mer au moindre coût en raison notamment de l'utilisation de flotteurs provisoires amovibles et qui permettent une installation précise fiable et sûre de la plate-forme sur un site d'implantation choisi.It follows from the above that all possible variations of the process of the invention allow the construction of a fixed platform at sea at the lowest cost, in particular because of the use of removable temporary floats which allow precise, reliable and safe installation of the platform on a chosen site.

Bien entendu, la forme, les dimensions, les accessoires et même le nombre des flotteurs provisoires sous la superstructure peuvent être quelconques sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.Of course, the shape, the dimensions, the accessories and even the number of temporary floats under the superstructure can be any without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. Method of installing a stationary platform off-shore and of the type consisting in forwarding a superstructure through floating to the platform set-up site, positioning this superstructure above an undestructure resting already on the sea bottom and lowering. the superstructure to provide for its positioning onto the understructure and thus erecting the said platform, characterized in that the said superstructure being initially provided with removable provisional floats, it is conveyed with a barge to the proximity of the understructure, the barge is sunk or immersed to a depth sufficient for allowing the floating of the superstructure owing to its provisional floats, the superstructure is then conveyed through floating to above the understructure and then after lowering of the superstructure to bring it into engagement with the understructure and after assembling both structures together, the provisional floats are withdrawn from underneath the superstructure.
2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the superstructure conveyed with a barge does not initially comprise the aforesaid floats, the latter being substituted for the barge in the proximity of the understructure only.
3. Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that to substitute the floats for the transporting barge, the superstructure is kept bearing upon its pillars, the barge is ballasted and the floats are inserted between the barge and the underside of the superstructure.
4. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the positioning of the superstructure in the horizontal plane above the understructure is carried out by pulling hawser ropes, chains or the like connecting the understructure to the floats and/or to the superstructure.
5. Method according to any one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the positioning of the superstructure upon the understructure in the vertical direction is carried out by ballasting the floats and/or by operating actuators made fast with the superstructure and/or by a vertical pull on the understructure by means of at least one winch and of cables for instance.
6. Platform superstructure for carrying out the method according to one of the foregoing claims and with which is associated a barge allowing its sea transport, characterized in that floating means consisting of at least two removable floats (6) provide for its maintaining on the sea when lowering same.
7. Superstructure according to Claim 6, characterized in that each float (6) is connected to the superstructure (1) through the medium of one removable support (8) forming a lattice-work structure for instance.
8. Superstructure according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the floats (6) have a paral- lelepipedfc shape topped with two projecting portions (6a) and possibly comprising stabilizing flaps (7) which may be adjustable.
9. Superstructure according to one of Claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the floats (6) are fitted with winches whereas pillars or columns (5) which maybe actuated by jacks (4) as knwon per se may be provided on the superstructure (1) for mounting same on the understructure (10).
EP83400991A 1982-05-25 1983-05-17 Method for the installation of a platform in the sea, platform superstructure for carrying out this method Expired EP0097069B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8209036A FR2527666A1 (en) 1982-05-25 1982-05-25 METHOD FOR INSTALLING A PLATFORM IN THE SEA, PLATFORM SUPERSTRUCTURE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD, AND PLATFORM THUS OBTAINED
FR8209036 1982-05-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0097069A1 EP0097069A1 (en) 1983-12-28
EP0097069B1 true EP0097069B1 (en) 1986-01-29

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EP83400991A Expired EP0097069B1 (en) 1982-05-25 1983-05-17 Method for the installation of a platform in the sea, platform superstructure for carrying out this method

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP0097069B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3361991D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2527666A1 (en)
NO (1) NO831823L (en)
OA (1) OA07440A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7033115B2 (en) 2000-05-12 2006-04-25 Deepwater Marine Technology L.L.C. Temporary floatation stabilization device and method

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2554780B1 (en) * 1983-11-14 1986-01-17 Inst Francais Du Petrole PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PREPOSITIONING WITH A VIEW TO THEIR FINAL STOWING OF THE LINES OF A TIGHT LINE PLATFORM

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2657540A (en) * 1948-06-14 1953-11-03 John B Templeton Method of erecting and positioning marine structures
US2598088A (en) * 1949-01-13 1952-05-27 Wilson Harvey Ashton Offshore platform structure and method of erecting same
FR2416306A2 (en) * 1978-02-06 1979-08-31 Liautaud Jean Offshore platform in several sections - floats fully equipped and is lowered on to just-submerged support structure
FR2446894A1 (en) * 1979-01-16 1980-08-14 Doris Dev Richesse Sous Marine Mfg. offshore platform afloat during assemblage - installing elements successively on floats, lifting them each time to allow following element to be installed underneath
FR2476715A2 (en) * 1979-10-31 1981-08-28 Liautaud Jean Marine platform on top end of tower resting on sea-bed - where tower is towed to site via main and auxiliary floats, and main float is then lowered to sea-bed

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7033115B2 (en) 2000-05-12 2006-04-25 Deepwater Marine Technology L.L.C. Temporary floatation stabilization device and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2527666B1 (en) 1985-04-19
NO831823L (en) 1983-11-28
FR2527666A1 (en) 1983-12-02
EP0097069A1 (en) 1983-12-28
DE3361991D1 (en) 1986-03-13
OA07440A (en) 1984-11-30

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