EP1798342B1 - Device for dismantling and transporting of an offshore platform - Google Patents

Device for dismantling and transporting of an offshore platform Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1798342B1
EP1798342B1 EP07002269A EP07002269A EP1798342B1 EP 1798342 B1 EP1798342 B1 EP 1798342B1 EP 07002269 A EP07002269 A EP 07002269A EP 07002269 A EP07002269 A EP 07002269A EP 1798342 B1 EP1798342 B1 EP 1798342B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hull
shuttle
support column
lifting
bridge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP07002269A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1798342A3 (en
EP1798342A2 (en
Inventor
Pierre-Armand Thomas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technip Energies France SAS
Original Assignee
Technip France SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1798342A2 publication Critical patent/EP1798342A2/en
Publication of EP1798342A3 publication Critical patent/EP1798342A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1798342B1 publication Critical patent/EP1798342B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/003—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for for transporting very large loads, e.g. offshore structure modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B77/00—Transporting or installing offshore structures on site using buoyancy forces, e.g. using semi-submersible barges, ballasting the structure or transporting of oil-and-gas platforms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/28—Barges or lighters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E02B17/021—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto with relative movement between supporting construction and platform
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/04—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction
    • E02B17/08—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/04—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction
    • E02B17/08—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering
    • E02B17/0818—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering with racks actuated by pinions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0039—Methods for placing the offshore structure
    • E02B2017/0047—Methods for placing the offshore structure using a barge
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0052—Removal or dismantling of offshore structures from their offshore location
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/006—Platforms with supporting legs with lattice style supporting legs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a structure for transporting, installing and dismantling a fixed offshore oil platform comprising framework elements formed in particular by a bridge and at least one support column.
  • It also relates to a method for transporting, installing and dismantling a support column of a fixed oil platform.
  • a fixed oil platform that includes a bridge including operating equipment and living quarters.
  • the bridge is supported by a support column anchored on the seabed.
  • the first method consists of using lifting cranes mounted on barges to deposit the support column on the seabed and to transfer the deck of the platform of the transport boat onto this support column. This method, which until now is the most widespread, has limitations.
  • the first of these limitations is the capacity of the hoisting cranes that may require the bridge to be made up of several elements, which significantly increases the cost of manufacturing this bridge and the cost of installing and dismantling the bridge. of the oil rig.
  • the second limitation lies in the fact that this method requires a relatively large window of favorable time to be able to carry out the various operations of transfer at sea in good conditions.
  • the second method is to install the support column on the seabed by lifting cranes and install the deck of the oil platform in a single block on the support column by floating above it. Then, the bridge is disposed on this support column either by a ballast / deballasting system, or by a mechanical system.
  • the deck of the platform is supported either by a floating support constituted for example by a barge, pontoons or by a U-shaped floating support, or by means of a structure associated with this floating support.
  • the superstructure can be ballasted or unballasted
  • the superstructure having a large ballast capacity, the dismantling operation can proceed relatively quickly.
  • the deballasting capacity of the floating support may be used. This capacity being limited, the operation proceeds slowly.
  • ballast / deballasting system is the use of a mechanical system to raise or lower the deck of the platform oil. These systems make it possible to carry out the installation or dismantling operation of the deck of the oil platform faster than the systems mentioned above.
  • Another mechanical system consists of a rack and pinion system to raise or lower the deck of the oil platform.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a structure for transporting, installing or dismantling a fixed offshore oil platform which is designed to simplify and reduce the duration of dismantling of said platform, while by saving a lot of time and avoiding all risks of environmental pollution and increasing the security of the personnel responsible for carrying out the various operations.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shown a fixed oil platform generally designated by the reference 1 and comprising frame members formed in particular by a bridge 2 provided with operating equipment and usual living quarters and a support column 3 sure The base of this column 3 is anchored to the seabed 4 by anchoring members 5.
  • the structure 10 comprises a U-shaped floating hull 11 equipped with lifting legs 12 of this hull 11 and adapted to bear on the seabed 4.
  • the hull 11 comprises two lateral portions 11a. and a connecting portion 11b connecting the two side portions 11a.
  • the hull 11 is equipped with three lifting legs 12 distributed in a triangle, one leg 12 being placed on each side portion 11a and one leg 12 being placed on the connecting portion 11b.
  • the shell 11 may be equipped with four lifting legs 12 arranged in pairs on each lateral branch 11a of said shell 11.
  • Each leg 12 ends at its lower end by a shoe 13 intended to bear on the seabed 4.
  • each of these legs 12 has, in this embodiment, a triangular section. These legs 12 may also have a square or circular section. Each leg 12 is formed of three ribs 14 interconnected by a lattice of metal beams 15.
  • each leg 12 is associated with mechanical means 20 for moving the shell 11.
  • the mechanical displacement means 20 are housed in a supporting frame 16, also called by the specialists "Jack-house", which is supported by the hull 11.
  • each chord 14 of each leg 12 has two opposite plates 21 each having, on each side face, a series of teeth 22 forming with the two members 14 a double rack.
  • the mechanical means of displacement 20 of the shell 11 comprise several sets 25 distributed on either side of each plate 21, according to the height thereof.
  • Each set 25 comprises a geared motor unit 26 for driving a pinion 27 which meshes with a series of teeth 22 of the corresponding plate 21.
  • the two series of teeth 22 of each plate 21 are associated with six pinions 27 each driven in rotation by a geared motor unit 26.
  • the structure 10 also comprises a shuttle designated by the general reference 30 which is movable along the legs 12 independently of the shell 11 of the structure 10 and which is intended to move the support column 3, as will be seen later.
  • the shuttle 30 is composed of independent elements 31 whose number corresponds to the number of legs 12 of the structure 10.
  • the shuttle 30 is composed of three independent elements 31, associated each to a lifting leg 12.
  • each element 31 of the shuttle 30 comprises mechanical means 40 for driving on the lifting leg 12 corresponding, independently of the shell 11 of the structure 10, as well as means of connection with the element d frame 2 or 3 to move from platform 1.
  • the element 31 comprises a vertical guide branch 32 on the supporting framework 16 of the shell 11 and which is thus supported on a vertical wall 16a of this supporting framework 16.
  • the element 31 also comprises a horizontal branch 33 which has a central opening 34 for the passage of the leg 12 corresponding.
  • This horizontal branch 33 is disposed at the upper part of the vertical branch 32 and supports the mechanical means 40 driving said element 31 on the leg 12.
  • the mechanical means 40 for driving each element 31 on the corresponding leg 12 operate independently of the mechanical means 20 for moving the shell 11 and these means 40 of the set of elements 31 operate in synchronization with each other so as to to obtain the same displacement of each element 31 on the corresponding leg 12.
  • the mechanical means 40 for moving each element 31 of the shuttle 30 comprise several sets 41 distributed on either side of each plate 21 of the frame 14, depending on the height thereof.
  • Each set 41 comprises a geared motor unit 42 driving a pinion 43 which meshes with a series of teeth 22 of the corresponding plate 21.
  • the two series of teeth 22 of each plate 21 are associated with four pinions 43 each rotated by a geared motor unit 42.
  • the vertical wall 16a of the supporting structure 16 guiding the vertical movement of the corresponding element 31 is extended, at its upper part, by a vertical plate 17 on which the element 31 slides so as to increase the height of the vertical displacement of this element 31.
  • the means for moving the bridge 2 of the oil platform 1 is constituted by a horizontal support plate 50 of the bridge 2 during its transport, as will be seen later.
  • the means for moving the support column 3 consist of a linear and vertical traction member 51 formed by a chain or a cable.
  • the traction member 51 is constituted by a chain.
  • the chain 51 can be wound on a drum 52 placed in the shell 11 of the structure 10 and comprises a first rising portion 51a which passes through the supporting frame 16 of the shell 11, the horizontal branch 33 of the element 31 and opens at the upper part of the vertical leg 31 of the element 30.
  • the chain 51 passes on a return pulley 53 and has a descending portion 51b which passes through the vertical leg 32 of the element 31 and runs along the hull 11 where it is guided by a pulley 54 fixed on this shell 11.
  • the end of the chain 51 is equipped with a hooking system 55, of known type, on the support column 3 during its movement.
  • the chain 51 is associated with two locking assemblies 60 and 65, one 60 being mounted on the element 31 and the other 65 being mounted on the shell 11. These two assemblies 60 and 65 operate independently of one another. other thus making it possible to secure the chain 51 with the element 31 or with the shell 11.
  • FIG. 6 an example of a locking assembly is described, for example the locking assembly 60, the locking assembly 65 being identical.
  • the locking assembly 60 is formed of two subsets, 61a and 61b respectively, identical and symmetrical.
  • the first subassembly 61a is formed by a latch 62a pivotably mounted on a base 63a about a horizontal axis 64a carried by the base 63a.
  • the tilting of the lock 62a between a raised position and a lowered position is controlled by a jack 65a, for example hydraulic or pneumatic, one end of which is secured to the base 63a and whose other end is integral with the lock 62a.
  • the second subassembly 61b is constituted by a latch 62b mounted tiltable on a base 63b about a horizontal axis 64b carried by said base 63b.
  • the tilting of the lock 62b between a lowered position and a raised position is controlled by a jack 65b, for example hydraulic or pneumatic, one end of which is secured to the base 63b and whose other end is secured to the lock 62b.
  • the displacement of the locks 62a and 62b is simultaneous.
  • the latches 62a and 62b block the chain 51, as shown in FIG. Fig. 6 .
  • the opening of the "U" of the shell 11 of the structure 10 can be closed by an independent branch 70 which possibly carries a crane 71 for moving modules of the oil platform 1 or another platform beside which the transport structure 10 can be installed.
  • this branch 70 can be installed by a barge, not shown, ballastable / deballastable and can be locked and unlocked from the hull 11 of the structure 10.
  • the structure 10 allows the dismantling of a support column 3.
  • the structure 10 is floated around the support column 3, as shown in FIG. Fig. 8A .
  • the shell 11 and the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 move upwards, along the legs 12, under the effect of the rotation drive of the pinions 27 and 43 which meshes with the series of teeth 22.
  • the shell 11 and the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are thus positioned above the water level.
  • the free ends of the chains 51 are connected by the attachment systems 55 to the support column 3 and this support column 3 is separated at level A ( Fig. 8B ), of its anchored part in the seabed 4.
  • the upper end of the section of the support column 3 is hooked by cables 56 to the shell 11 and these cables 56 are wound on drums 57 so as to allow their extension.
  • the locking assembly 60 of each element 31 of the shuttle 30 is actuated by tilting the latches so as to secure the chains 51 and, as a result, the support column 3 of these elements. lock 65 are in the open position to allow the sliding of the chains 51.
  • the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are lifted by rotating the pinions 43 by means of the geared motor units 42 and meshing with the series of teeth 22 of the plates 21 of each lifting leg 12. Because of the solidarity chains 51 with these elements 31, the section of the support column 3 is also raised. During this movement, the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are first guided towards the vertical wall 16a of the supporting frame 16 of the shell 11 and by the plates 17, as shown in FIG. Fig. 8C . After this first lifting operation of the section of the support column 3, the locking assemblies 65 are actuated in order to lock the chains 51 and to secure these chains 51 of the shell 11. The locking assemblies 60 are opened by tilting the locks to release the chains 51 of the elements 31 of the shuttle 30. These elements 31 are lowered to bring them substantially to the level of the shell 11, as shown on the Fig. 8D .
  • the chains 51 are again secured to the elements 31 by locking assemblies 60 and these chains 51 are released from the shell 11 by opening the assemblies 65.
  • the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are lifted so as to lift also the section of the column support 3 and these operations are renewed to gradually lift this section, as shown on the Fig. 8E .
  • the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 bearing the section of the support column 3 are brought substantially at the level of the shell 11 ( Fig. 8F ) and the assembly formed by the shuttle 30 and the shell 11 is lowered to bring the hull 11 floating, as shown in FIG. Fig. 8G .
  • the legs 12 are raised and the structure 10 carrying the support column 3 is removed from the operating site by flotation ( Fig. 8G ).
  • the structure 10 carrying the section of the support column 3 is floated to a loading site of this section on a barge 80.
  • the lifting legs 12 are applied to the seabed 4 by rotating the gears 27 and 43 by the geared motors 26 and 42 and when the lifting legs 12 are in contact on the seabed 4, the hull 11 and the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are raised to bring the lower end of the section of the support column 3 above the water level as shown on the Fig. 8H .
  • the barge 80 is brought below this section and said section is placed on the barge 80, then the chains 51 and the cables 56 are disconnected from the section of the support column 3 (FIG 9I).
  • the hull 11 is then floated (FIG 9J) and the legs 12 are raised to allow the structure 10 to be used for a new transfer operation of the remaining part of the support column 3.
  • the barge 80 carrying the section of the support column 3 is brought to a dismounting platform and this section is transferred to this platform, as shown in FIG. 9K.
  • the structure 10 may also be used to remove the lower portion of the support column 3 or, if possible, to remove the entire support column 3 in a single operation.
  • this structure 10 can also be used for laying a support column 3 of an oil platform on an operating site by performing substantially the same operations in the opposite direction.
  • the structure according to the invention has the advantage of being able to transport the support column of an oil rig directly from the operating site to a fixed site where the dismantling can be carried out safely, without risk of pollution of the marine environment. or conversely between a fixed site and an exploitation site.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
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  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Ship Loading And Unloading (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)

Abstract

The shuttle is made of at least three elements (31), each connected to a lifting leg and each containing mechanical means of independently driving the hull of the structure along the corresponding lifting leg. Each element also has means of connecting the structural element of the platform to be moved. The platform comprises skeletal elements formed in particular by a bridge and at least one supporting column. The structure comprises a U-shaped floating hull (11) with at least three legs (12) for lifting the hull by pressing on the seabed. Each lifting leg has mechanical means of displacement (20) placed in a structure (16) carrying the hull. A shuttle (30) which can be moved along the legs is designed to move one of the structural elements of the platform. Each element of the shuttle has a vertical guiding branch on the bearing structure and a horizontal branch supporting the driving mechanism on the corresponding leg. The driving mechanism for each element comprises two opposing plates (21) carried by each rib of the corresponding lifting leg, each with a series of teeth (22), and at least two opposed assemblies (42, 43) on the horizontal branch made of a pinion driven round and acting with one set of teeth. The means of connecting to the bridge of the platform are at least one horizontal plate supporting the bridge and placed at the lower part of the vertical branch of each element of the shuttle. Alternatively, the means of connecting to the bridge of the platform include a vertical linear traction system at the level of each shuttle element, formed by a chain or cable and two assemblies for locking this traction system. One of the assemblies is on the element and the other is on the hull for a step by step vertical displacement of the support column by successive locking of the assemblies. Each locking assembly is made of two opposed screws which can be vertically basculed relative to each other between a free and a blocking position. An independent branch of the structure can close the opening of the hull and locks onto the hull. An independent claim is made for a method of dismantling and transporting a structural element of a fixed oil platform comprising a bridge, between the oilfield and a dismounting quay, where a structure as described above is placed under the bridge; its legs are pushed against the seabed to lift the hull and the shuttle to bring the shuttle into contact with the bridge. The shuttle is locked onto the lifting legs and the hull is lowered to allow it to float. The bridge is separated from its support column and lifted by the shuttle as the lifting legs are raised. The structure supporting the bridge is dismantled to disengage the bridge from the support column. The shuttle is lowered to put the bridge on the hull and the structure is floated to a dismantling quay or a site for offloading onto a barge. The lifting legs are applied to the seabed to stabilise the hull and the bridge is freed from the structure and discharged onto the quay or barge.

Description

La présente invention concerne une structure de transport, d'installation et de démantèlement d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe d'exploitation en mer comportant des éléments d'ossature formés notamment par un pont et au moins une colonne support.The present invention relates to a structure for transporting, installing and dismantling a fixed offshore oil platform comprising framework elements formed in particular by a bridge and at least one support column.

Elle concerne en outre un procédé de transport, d'installation et de démantèlement d'une colonne support d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe.It also relates to a method for transporting, installing and dismantling a support column of a fixed oil platform.

Pour l'exploitation pétrolière, il est connu de placer au-dessus d'un gisement pétrolifère, une plate-forme pétrolière fixe qui comprend un pont portant notamment les équipements d'exploitation et les locaux d'habitation. Le pont est soutenu par une colonne support ancré sur le fond marin.For oil exploitation, it is known to place above a petroleum field, a fixed oil platform that includes a bridge including operating equipment and living quarters. The bridge is supported by a support column anchored on the seabed.

Jusqu'à présent, il existe deux grandes méthodes de transport, d'installation et de démantèlement des éléments d'ossature d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe.So far, there are two main methods of transporting, installing and dismantling structural elements of a fixed oil platform.

La première méthode consiste à utiliser des grues de levage montées sur des barges pour déposer sur le fond marin la colonne support et pour transférer le pont de la plate-forme du bateau de transport sur cette colonne support. Cette méthode qui est jusqu'à maintenant le plus répandue présente des limitations.The first method consists of using lifting cranes mounted on barges to deposit the support column on the seabed and to transfer the deck of the platform of the transport boat onto this support column. This method, which until now is the most widespread, has limitations.

En effet, la première de ces limitations est la capacité des grues de levage qui peuvent imposer de réaliser le pont en plusieurs éléments ce qui augmente de manière importante le coût de fabrication de ce pont et le coût de l'installation et du démantèlement du pont de la plate-forme pétrolière.Indeed, the first of these limitations is the capacity of the hoisting cranes that may require the bridge to be made up of several elements, which significantly increases the cost of manufacturing this bridge and the cost of installing and dismantling the bridge. of the oil rig.

La seconde limitation réside dans le fait que cette méthode impose d'avoir une fenêtre de temps favorable relativement importante pour pouvoir réaliser les différentes opérations de transfert en mer dans de bonnes conditions.The second limitation lies in the fact that this method requires a relatively large window of favorable time to be able to carry out the various operations of transfer at sea in good conditions.

Ainsi, cette méthode est difficilement applicable sans une augmentation considérable du coût dans les zones où les fenêtres de temps sont relativement courtes, comme par exemple dans la mer du Nord.Thus, this method is difficult to apply without a considerable increase in cost in areas where windows of time are relatively short, for example in the North Sea.

La deuxième méthode consiste à installer la colonne support sur le fond marin par des grues de levage et à installer le pont de la plate-forme pétrolière en un seul bloc sur la colonne support en le faisant flotter au-dessus de celle-ci. Ensuite, le pont est disposé sur cette colonne support soit par un système de ballastage/déballastage, soit par un système mécanique.The second method is to install the support column on the seabed by lifting cranes and install the deck of the oil platform in a single block on the support column by floating above it. Then, the bridge is disposed on this support column either by a ballast / deballasting system, or by a mechanical system.

Dans le cas d'un système de ballastage, le pont de la plate-forme est supporté soit par un support flottant constitué par exemple par une barge, des pontons ou par un support flottant en forme de U, soit par l'intermédiaire d'une structure associée à ce support flottant.In the case of a ballast system, the deck of the platform is supported either by a floating support constituted for example by a barge, pontoons or by a U-shaped floating support, or by means of a structure associated with this floating support.

Dans le cas où la superstructure peut être ballastée ou déballastée, il est connu d'utiliser pour le démantèlement du pont de la plate-forme pétrolière, le déballastage du support flottant et le ballastage de la superstructure. La superstructure ayant une grande capacité de ballastage, l'opération de démantèlement peut se dérouler relativement rapidement. Dans le cas d'une superstructure ancrée sur le fond marin, seule la capacité de déballastage du support flottant peut être utilisée. Cette capacité étant limitée, l'opération se déroule lentement.In the case where the superstructure can be ballasted or unballasted, it is known to use for the dismantling of the deck of the oil platform, the deballasting of the floating support and the ballasting of the superstructure. The superstructure having a large ballast capacity, the dismantling operation can proceed relatively quickly. In the case of a superstructure anchored to the seabed, only the deballasting capacity of the floating support may be used. This capacity being limited, the operation proceeds slowly.

Les systèmes utilisant le ballastage ou le déballastage présentent des inconvénients qui résident principalement dans le fait qu'ils imposent une structure complexe au niveau des caissons ou des pompes et un contrôle très précis de remplissage et de vidage des caissons pour maintenir la stabilité du support flottant pendant l'opération. La vitesse de l'opération dépend de la capacité de ballastage et de délestage de ces caissons des supports flottants qui est généralement relativement faible si bien que la vitesse de l'opération s'en trouve limitée notamment lorsque la superstructure est ancrée sur le fond marin. De plus, au cours de cette opération, les conditions de mer doivent être favorables afin d'effectuer cette opération dans de bonnes conditions.Systems using ballasting or deballasting have drawbacks which mainly lie in the fact that they impose a complex structure on the caissons or pumps and a very precise control of filling and emptying of the boxes to maintain the stability of the floating support during the operation. The speed of the operation depends on the ballast capacity and load shedding of these caissons floating supports which is generally relatively low so that the speed of the operation is limited especially when the superstructure is anchored to the seabed . In addition, during this operation, the sea conditions must be favorable to perform this operation in good conditions.

Une alternative au système de ballastage/déballastage est l'utilisation d'un système mécanique pour monter ou abaisser le pont de la plate-forme pétrolière. Ces systèmes permettent de réaliser l'opération d'installation ou de démantèlement du pont de la plate-forme pétrolière plus rapidement que les systèmes précédemment mentionnés.An alternative to the ballast / deballasting system is the use of a mechanical system to raise or lower the deck of the platform oil. These systems make it possible to carry out the installation or dismantling operation of the deck of the oil platform faster than the systems mentioned above.

A cet effet, il est connu un système qui comprend deux barges supportant le pont de la plate-forme pétrolière par l'intermédiaire de deux structures pivotantes. De plus, un système de treuils et câbles est utilisé pour assurer la stabilité du système et contrôler la descente et la montée du pont de la plate-forme pétrolière.For this purpose, it is known a system that includes two barges supporting the deck of the oil platform through two pivoting structures. In addition, a system of winches and cables is used to ensure the stability of the system and control the descent and ascent of the deck of the oil platform.

En actionnant ces treuils, on contrôle l'éloignement des barges permettant ainsi la montée ou la descente du pont. Mais, ce type de système mécanique présente une stabilité très précaire et il est bien souvent incompatible avec une utilisation en pleine mer.By operating these winches, it controls the removal of the barges allowing the rise or the descent of the bridge. But, this type of mechanical system has a very precarious stability and it is often incompatible with use on the high seas.

Un autre système mécanique consiste en un système de pignons-crémaillères pour monter ou descendre le pont de la plate-forme pétrolière.Another mechanical system consists of a rack and pinion system to raise or lower the deck of the oil platform.

D'une manière générale, les systèmes mécaniques utilisés jusqu'à présent pour réaliser l'installation et le démantèlement d'un pont d'une plate-forme pétrolière sont plus rapides que les systèmes de ballastage ou déballastage, mais ils dépendent des conditions de mer ce qui rend difficile leur utilisation dans des zones où les fenêtres de temps favorables sont relativement courtes.In general, the mechanical systems used to date for the installation and dismantling of a deck of an oil rig are faster than ballast or deballasting systems, but they depend on This makes it difficult to use in areas where windows of good weather are relatively short.

On connaît également dans la demande WO 03/080425 une structure de transport, d'installation et de démantèlement d'un pont d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe qui comporte une coque flottante en forme de "U" et une navette de support du pont et déplaçable le long des jambes par la coque.Also known in the application WO 03/080425 a structure for transporting, installing and dismantling a bridge of a fixed oil platform which comprises a U-shaped floating hull and a bridge support shuttle and movable along the legs by the hull .

L'invention a pour but de proposer une structure de transport, d'installation ou de démantèlement d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe d'exploitation en mer qui est conçue pour simplifier et diminuer la durée de démantèlement de ladite plate-forme, tout en permettant d'obtenir un gain de temps important et d'éviter tous risques de pollution de l'environnement et d'augmenter la sécurité du personnel chargé d'effectuer les différentes opérations.The object of the invention is to propose a structure for transporting, installing or dismantling a fixed offshore oil platform which is designed to simplify and reduce the duration of dismantling of said platform, while by saving a lot of time and avoiding all risks of environmental pollution and increasing the security of the personnel responsible for carrying out the various operations.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une structure de démantèlement et de transport d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe d'exploitation en mer comportant des éléments d'ossature formés notamment par un pont et au moins une colonne support, ladite structure comprenant :

  • une coque flottante en forme de "U" équipée d'au moins trois jambes de levage de cette coque et adaptées pour prendre appui sur le fond marin, chaque jambe de levage étant associée à des moyens mécaniques de déplacement logés dans une ossature porteuse de ladite coque, et
  • une navette déplaçable le long des jambes de levage et destinée à déplacer un des éléments d'ossature de la plate-forme,
ladite navette étant formée d'au moins trois éléments associés chacun à une jambe de levage, caractérisée en ce que chaque élément de la navette comporte, d'une part, des moyens mécaniques d'entraînement sur la jambe de levage correspondante indépendamment de la coque de la structure et, d'autre part, des moyens de liaison avec la colonne support à déplacer de la plate-forme.For this purpose, the object of the invention is a structure for dismantling and transporting a fixed oil platform for sea comprising frame elements formed in particular by a bridge and at least one support column, said structure comprising:
  • a U-shaped floating hull equipped with at least three lifting legs of this hull and adapted to bear on the seabed, each lifting leg being associated with mechanical displacement means housed in a bearing frame of said hull, and
  • a shuttle movable along the lifting legs and intended to move one of the frame elements of the platform,
said shuttle being formed of at least three elements each associated with a lifting leg, characterized in that each element of the shuttle comprises, on the one hand, mechanical drive means on the corresponding lifting leg independently of the hull of the structure and, on the other hand, connecting means with the support column to be moved from the platform.

Suivant des modes particuliers de mise en oeuvre:

  • chaque élément de la navette comprend une branche verticale de guidage sur l'ossature porteuse correspondante de la coque et comportant à sa partie supérieure une branche horizontale de support des moyens mécaniques d'entraînement dudit élément sur la jambe correspondante,
  • les moyens mécaniques d'entraînement de chaque élément comprennent, d'une part, deux plaques opposées portées par chaque membrure verticale de la jambe de levage correspondante et comportant chacune, sur chaque face latérale, une série de dents et, d'autre part, au moins deux ensembles opposés, portés par la branche horizontale dudit élément et formés chacun par un pignon entraîné en rotation et coopérant avec l'une des séries de dents,
  • les moyens de liaison avec l'élément d'ossature formé par une colonne support de la plate-forme comprennent, au niveau de chaque élément de la navette, un organe de traction linéaire et vertical, formé par une chaîne ou un câble et deux ensembles de verrouillage dudit organe de traction, l'un desdits ensemble étant porté par ledit élément et l'autre de ces ensembles étant porté par la coque pour un déplacement vertical pas à pas de la colonne de support par verrouillage successif desdits ensembles de verrouillage,
  • chaque ensemble de verrouillage est formé par deux verrous opposés et basculables verticalement l'un vers l'autre entre une position de libération de l'organe de traction et une position de blocage de cet organe de traction,
  • la structure comporte une branche indépendante d'obturation de l'ouverture de la coque et verrouillable sur ladite coque.
According to particular modes of implementation:
  • each element of the shuttle comprises a vertical guide branch on the corresponding supporting framework of the hull and comprising at its upper part a horizontal support leg mechanical means for driving said element on the corresponding leg,
  • the mechanical means for driving each element comprise, on the one hand, two opposite plates carried by each vertical chord of the corresponding lifting leg and each comprising, on each lateral face, a series of teeth and, on the other hand, at least two opposite assemblies, carried by the horizontal branch of said element and each formed by a pinion driven in rotation and cooperating with one of the series of teeth,
  • the connection means with the frame element formed by a support column of the platform comprise, at each element of the shuttle, a linear and vertical traction member formed by a chain or a cable and two sets locking said traction member, one of said assembly being carried by said element and the other of these sets being carried by the shell for a vertical displacement step by step of the support column by successive locking of said locking assemblies,
  • each locking assembly is formed by two opposed and vertically tiltable locks towards one another between a release position of the traction member and a locking position of this traction member,
  • the structure comprises an independent shutter branch of the opening of the shell and lockable on said shell.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la Fig. 1 est une vue schématique en élévation d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe en position d'exploitation,
  • la Fig. 2 est une vue schématique en perspective d'une structure de transport, d'installation et de démantèlement conforme à l'invention,
  • la Fig. 3 est une vue schématique de côté d'un élément de la navette de la structure conforme à l'invention,
  • la Fig. 4 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne 4-4 de la Fig. 3,
  • la Fig. 5 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne 5-5 de la Fig. 3,
  • la Fig. 6 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un ensemble de verrouillage d'un organe de traction linéaire et équipant la structure conforme à l'invention,
  • la Fig. 7 est une vue schématique de dessus de la structure conforme à l'invention,
  • les Figs. 8A à 8K sont des schémas montrant les différentes étapes du procédé de démantèlement et de transport d'une colonne support d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe au moyen d'une structure conforme à l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the Fig. 1 is a schematic view in elevation of a fixed oil platform in operating position,
  • the Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a transport structure, installation and dismantling according to the invention,
  • the Fig. 3 is a schematic side view of a shuttle element of the structure according to the invention,
  • the Fig. 4 is a sectional view along line 4-4 of the Fig. 3 ,
  • the Fig. 5 is a sectional view along line 5-5 of the Fig. 3 ,
  • the Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a locking assembly of a linear traction member and equipping the structure according to the invention,
  • the Fig. 7 is a schematic view from above of the structure according to the invention,
  • the Figs. 8A to 8K are diagrams showing the various steps of the method of dismantling and transporting a support column of a fixed oil platform by means of a structure according to the invention.

Sur la Fig. 1, on a représenté schématiquement une plate-forme pétrolière fixe désignée dans son ensemble par la référence 1 et comprenant des éléments d'ossature formés notamment par un pont 2 pourvu des équipements d'exploitation et des locaux d'habitation habituels et une colonne support 3 sur laquelle repose le pont 2. La base de cette colonne 3 est ancrée sur le fond marin 4 par des organes d'ancrage 5.On the Fig. 1 , schematically shown a fixed oil platform generally designated by the reference 1 and comprising frame members formed in particular by a bridge 2 provided with operating equipment and usual living quarters and a support column 3 sure The base of this column 3 is anchored to the seabed 4 by anchoring members 5.

Pour assurer le transport, l'installation ("commissioning" en anglais) et le démantèlement ("decommissioning" en anglais) de la colonne support 3 de la plate-forme pétrolière fixe 1 d'un site d'exploitation jusqu'à un quai de démontage de ces éléments d'ossature ou inversement, on utilise une structure désignée par la référence générale 10 et représentée schématiquement à la Fig. 2.To ensure the transport, the installation ("commissioning" in English) and the decommissioning ("decommissioning" in English) of the support column 3 of the oil platform fixes 1 of a site of exploitation until a dock dismantling of these frame elements or conversely, using a structure designated by the general reference 10 and shown schematically in the Fig. 2 .

Sur cette figure, les dimensions générales de la structure ainsi que les proportions entre les différents éléments composant cette structure 10 n'ont pas été forcément respectées afin de simplifier la compréhension du dessin.In this figure, the overall dimensions of the structure and the proportions between the various elements making up this structure 10 have not necessarily been respected in order to simplify the understanding of the drawing.

D'une manière générale, la structure 10 comprend une coque flottante 11 en forme de "U" équipée de jambes de levage 12 de cette coque 11 et adaptées pour prendre appui sur le fond marin 4. La coque 11 comporte deux portions latérales 11 a et une portion de liaison 11 b reliant les deux portions latérales 11 a.In a general manner, the structure 10 comprises a U-shaped floating hull 11 equipped with lifting legs 12 of this hull 11 and adapted to bear on the seabed 4. The hull 11 comprises two lateral portions 11a. and a connecting portion 11b connecting the two side portions 11a.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté à la Fig. 2, la coque 11 est équipée de trois jambes de levage 12 réparties selon un triangle, une jambe 12 étant placée sur chaque portion latérale 11a et une jambe 12 étant placée sur la portion de liaison 11 b. Selon une variante, la coque 11 peut être équipée de quatre jambes de levage 12 disposées par paires sur chaque branche latérale 11a de ladite coque 11.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 , the hull 11 is equipped with three lifting legs 12 distributed in a triangle, one leg 12 being placed on each side portion 11a and one leg 12 being placed on the connecting portion 11b. According to a variant, the shell 11 may be equipped with four lifting legs 12 arranged in pairs on each lateral branch 11a of said shell 11.

Chaque jambe 12 se termine, à son extrémité inférieure, par un sabot 13 destiné à prendre appui sur le fond marin 4.Each leg 12 ends at its lower end by a shoe 13 intended to bear on the seabed 4.

Ainsi que représenté sur les Figs. 2, 4 et 5, chacune de ces jambes 12 présente, dans ce mode de réalisation, une section triangulaire. Ces jambes 12 peuvent également présenter une section carrée ou circulaire. Chaque jambe 12 est formée de trois membrures 14 reliées entre elles par un treillis de poutrelles métalliques 15.As shown on the Figs. 2 , 4 and 5 , each of these legs 12 has, in this embodiment, a triangular section. These legs 12 may also have a square or circular section. Each leg 12 is formed of three ribs 14 interconnected by a lattice of metal beams 15.

Ainsi que montré sur les Figs. 3 et 4, chaque jambe 12 est associée à des moyens mécaniques 20 de déplacement de la coque 11. Pour chaque jambe 12, les moyens mécaniques de déplacement 20 sont logés dans une ossature porteuse 16, également appelée par les spécialistes "Jack-house", qui est supportée par la coque 11.As shown on the Figs. 3 and 4 each leg 12 is associated with mechanical means 20 for moving the shell 11. For each leg 12, the mechanical displacement means 20 are housed in a supporting frame 16, also called by the specialists "Jack-house", which is supported by the hull 11.

Ainsi que représenté sur ces Figs. 3 et 4, chaque membrure 14 de chaque jambe 12 comporte deux plaques opposées 21 comportant chacune, sur chaque face latérale, une série de dents 22 formant avec les deux membrures 14 une crémaillère double. Les moyens mécaniques de déplacement 20 de la coque 11 comprennent plusieurs ensembles 25 répartis de part et d'autre de chaque plaque 21, suivant la hauteur de celle-ci. Chaque ensemble 25 comprend un groupe moto-réducteur 26 assurant l'entraînement d'un pignon 27 qui engrène avec une série de dents 22 de la plaque 21 correspondante.As represented on these Figs. 3 and 4 each chord 14 of each leg 12 has two opposite plates 21 each having, on each side face, a series of teeth 22 forming with the two members 14 a double rack. The mechanical means of displacement 20 of the shell 11 comprise several sets 25 distributed on either side of each plate 21, according to the height thereof. Each set 25 comprises a geared motor unit 26 for driving a pinion 27 which meshes with a series of teeth 22 of the corresponding plate 21.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur les Figs. 3 et 4, les deux séries de dents 22 de chaque plaque 21 sont associées avec six pignons 27 entraînés chacun en rotation par un groupe moto-réducteur 26.In the embodiment shown on the Figs. 3 and 4 , the two series of teeth 22 of each plate 21 are associated with six pinions 27 each driven in rotation by a geared motor unit 26.

La structure 10 comporte également une navette désignée par la référence générale 30 qui est déplaçable le long des jambes 12 indépendamment de la coque 11 de la structure 10 et qui est destinée à déplacer la colonne support 3, comme on le verra ultérieurement.The structure 10 also comprises a shuttle designated by the general reference 30 which is movable along the legs 12 independently of the shell 11 of the structure 10 and which is intended to move the support column 3, as will be seen later.

Comme représenté à la Fig. 2, la navette 30 est composée d'éléments indépendants 31 dont le nombre correspond au nombre de jambes 12 de la structure 10. Ainsi, dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté sur les figures, la navette 30 se compose de trois éléments indépendants 31, associés chacun à une jambe de levage 12.As represented in Fig. 2 , the shuttle 30 is composed of independent elements 31 whose number corresponds to the number of legs 12 of the structure 10. Thus, in the embodiment shown in the figures, the shuttle 30 is composed of three independent elements 31, associated each to a lifting leg 12.

D'une manière générale, chaque élément 31 de la navette 30 comporte des moyens mécaniques 40 d'entraînement sur la jambe de levage 12 correspondant, indépendamment de la coque 11 de la structure 10, ainsi que des moyens de liaison avec l'élément d'ossature 2 ou 3 à déplacer de la plate-forme 1.In general, each element 31 of the shuttle 30 comprises mechanical means 40 for driving on the lifting leg 12 corresponding, independently of the shell 11 of the structure 10, as well as means of connection with the element d frame 2 or 3 to move from platform 1.

En se reportant maintenant aux Figs. 3 et 5, on va décrire un élément 31 de la navette 30, les autres éléments 31 étant identiques.Referring now to Figs. 3 and 5 an element 31 of the shuttle 30 will be described, the other elements 31 being identical.

L'élément 31 comprend une branche verticale 32 de guidage sur l'ossature porteuse 16 de la coque 11 et qui est donc en appui sur une paroi verticale 16a de cette ossature porteuse 16. L'élément 31 comprend également une branche horizontale 33 qui comporte une ouverture centrale 34 pour le passage de la jambe 12 correspondante. Cette branche horizontale 33 est disposée à la partie supérieure de la branche verticale 32 et supporte les moyens mécaniques 40 d'entraînement dudit élément 31 sur la jambe 12.The element 31 comprises a vertical guide branch 32 on the supporting framework 16 of the shell 11 and which is thus supported on a vertical wall 16a of this supporting framework 16. The element 31 also comprises a horizontal branch 33 which has a central opening 34 for the passage of the leg 12 corresponding. This horizontal branch 33 is disposed at the upper part of the vertical branch 32 and supports the mechanical means 40 driving said element 31 on the leg 12.

Les moyens mécaniques 40 d'entraînement de chaque élément 31 sur la jambe 12 correspondante fonctionnent indépendamment des moyens mécaniques 20 de déplacement de la coque 11 et ces moyens 40 de l'ensemble des éléments 31 fonctionnent en synchronisation les uns avec les autres de façon à obtenir le même déplacement de chaque élément 31 sur la jambe 12 correspondante. Les moyens mécaniques 40 de déplacement de chaque élément 31 de la navette 30 comprennent plusieurs ensembles 41 répartis de part et d'autre de chaque plaque 21 de la membrure 14, suivant la hauteur de celle-ci. Chaque ensemble 41 comprend un groupe moto-réducteur 42 assurant l'entraînement d'un pignon 43 qui engrène avec une série de dents 22 de la plaque 21 correspondante.The mechanical means 40 for driving each element 31 on the corresponding leg 12 operate independently of the mechanical means 20 for moving the shell 11 and these means 40 of the set of elements 31 operate in synchronization with each other so as to to obtain the same displacement of each element 31 on the corresponding leg 12. The mechanical means 40 for moving each element 31 of the shuttle 30 comprise several sets 41 distributed on either side of each plate 21 of the frame 14, depending on the height thereof. Each set 41 comprises a geared motor unit 42 driving a pinion 43 which meshes with a series of teeth 22 of the corresponding plate 21.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur les Figs. 3 et 5, les deux séries de dents 22 de chaque plaque 21 sont associées avec quatre pignons 43 entraînés chacun en rotation par un groupe moto-réducteur 42.In the embodiment shown on the Figs. 3 and 5 , the two series of teeth 22 of each plate 21 are associated with four pinions 43 each rotated by a geared motor unit 42.

Ainsi que montré à la Fig. 3, la paroi verticale 16a de l'ossature porteuse 16 formant guidage pour le déplacement vertical de l'élément 31 correspondant est prolongée, à sa partie supérieure, par une plaque verticale 17 sur laquelle coulisse l'élément 31 de façon à augmenter la hauteur du déplacement vertical de cet élément 31.As shown in Fig. 3 the vertical wall 16a of the supporting structure 16 guiding the vertical movement of the corresponding element 31 is extended, at its upper part, by a vertical plate 17 on which the element 31 slides so as to increase the height of the vertical displacement of this element 31.

En se reportant maintenant à la Fig. 3, on va décrire les moyens de liaison associés à un élément 31 de la navette 30, pour déplacer la colonne support 3, les moyens de liaison des autres éléments 31 de cette navette 30 étant identiques.Referring now to the Fig. 3 , the connecting means associated with an element 31 of the shuttle 30 will be described, to move the support column 3, the connecting means of the other elements 31 of this shuttle 30 being identical.

Les moyens destinés à déplacer le pont 2 de la plate-forme pétrolière 1 est constitué par une plaque horizontale 50 de support du pont 2 au cours de son transport, comme on le verra ultérieurement.The means for moving the bridge 2 of the oil platform 1 is constituted by a horizontal support plate 50 of the bridge 2 during its transport, as will be seen later.

Les moyens destinés à déplacer la colonne support 3 sont constitués par un organe de traction 51 linéaire et vertical, formé par une chaîne ou un câble. Dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté sur les figures, l'organe de traction 51 est constitué par une chaîne.The means for moving the support column 3 consist of a linear and vertical traction member 51 formed by a chain or a cable. In the embodiment shown in the figures, the traction member 51 is constituted by a chain.

Comme montré à la Fig. 3, la chaîne 51 peut être enroulée sur un tambour 52 placé dans la coque 11 de la structure 10 et comporte une première partie montante 51a qui traverse l'ossature porteuse 16 de la coque 11, la branche horizontale 33 de l'élément 31 et débouche à la partie supérieure de la branche verticale 31 de l'élément 30. A ce niveau, la chaîne 51 passe sur une poulie de renvoi 53 et comporte une partie descendante 51b qui traverse la branche verticale 32 de l'élément 31 et longe la coque 11 où elle est guidée par une poulie 54 fixée sur cette coque 11.As shown in Fig. 3 , the chain 51 can be wound on a drum 52 placed in the shell 11 of the structure 10 and comprises a first rising portion 51a which passes through the supporting frame 16 of the shell 11, the horizontal branch 33 of the element 31 and opens at the upper part of the vertical leg 31 of the element 30. At this level, the chain 51 passes on a return pulley 53 and has a descending portion 51b which passes through the vertical leg 32 of the element 31 and runs along the hull 11 where it is guided by a pulley 54 fixed on this shell 11.

L'extrémité de la chaîne 51 est équipée d'un système d'accrochage 55, de type connu, sur la colonne support 3 lors de son déplacement.The end of the chain 51 is equipped with a hooking system 55, of known type, on the support column 3 during its movement.

La chaîne 51 est associée à deux ensembles de verrouillage 60 et 65, l'un 60 étant monté sur l'élément 31 et l'autre 65 étant monté sur la coque 11. Ces deux ensembles 60 et 65 fonctionnent indépendamment l'un de l'autre permettant ainsi de solidariser la chaîne 51 avec l'élément 31 ou avec la coque 11.The chain 51 is associated with two locking assemblies 60 and 65, one 60 being mounted on the element 31 and the other 65 being mounted on the shell 11. These two assemblies 60 and 65 operate independently of one another. other thus making it possible to secure the chain 51 with the element 31 or with the shell 11.

En se reportant maintenant à la Fig. 6, on va décrire un exemple d'un ensemble de verrouillage par exemple l'ensemble de verrouillage 60, l'ensemble de verrouillage 65 étant identique.Referring now to the Fig. 6 an example of a locking assembly is described, for example the locking assembly 60, the locking assembly 65 being identical.

Ainsi que montré sur cette figure, l'ensemble de verrouillage 60 est formé de deux sous ensembles, respectivement 61a et 61 b, identiques et symétriques.As shown in this figure, the locking assembly 60 is formed of two subsets, 61a and 61b respectively, identical and symmetrical.

Le premier sous ensemble 61a est formé par un verrou 62a monté basculable sur un socle 63a autour d'un axe horizontal 64a porté par le socle 63a. Le basculement du verrou 62a entre une position relevée et une position abaissée est commandé par un vérin 65a, par exemple hydraulique ou pneumatique, dont une extrémité est solidaire du socle 63a et dont l'autre extrémité est solidaire du verrou 62a. De même, le second sous ensemble 61 b est constitué par un verrou 62b monté basculable sur un socle 63b autour d'un axe horizontal 64b porté par ledit socle 63b. Le basculement du verrou 62b entre une position abaissée et une position relevée est commandé par un vérin 65b, par exemple hydraulique ou pneumatique, dont une extrémité est solidaire du socle 63b et dont l'autre extrémité est solidaire du verrou 62b. Le déplacement des verrous 62a et 62b est simultané. Dans la position abaissée, les verrous 62a et 62b bloquent la chaîne 51, ainsi que montré sur la Fig. 6.The first subassembly 61a is formed by a latch 62a pivotably mounted on a base 63a about a horizontal axis 64a carried by the base 63a. The tilting of the lock 62a between a raised position and a lowered position is controlled by a jack 65a, for example hydraulic or pneumatic, one end of which is secured to the base 63a and whose other end is integral with the lock 62a. Similarly, the second subassembly 61b is constituted by a latch 62b mounted tiltable on a base 63b about a horizontal axis 64b carried by said base 63b. The tilting of the lock 62b between a lowered position and a raised position is controlled by a jack 65b, for example hydraulic or pneumatic, one end of which is secured to the base 63b and whose other end is secured to the lock 62b. The displacement of the locks 62a and 62b is simultaneous. In the lowered position, the latches 62a and 62b block the chain 51, as shown in FIG. Fig. 6 .

Enfin et comme représenté à la Fig. 7, l'ouverture du "U" de la coque 11 de la structure 10 peut être obturée par une branche indépendante 70 qui porte éventuellement une grue 71 permettant de déplacer des modules de la plate-forme pétrolière 1 ou d'une autre plate-forme à côté de laquelle la structure de transport 10 peut être installée. De manière classique, cette branche 70 peut-être installée par une barge, non représentée, ballastable/déballastable et peut être verrouillée, puis déverrouillée de la coque 11 de la structure 10.Finally and as represented at Fig. 7 the opening of the "U" of the shell 11 of the structure 10 can be closed by an independent branch 70 which possibly carries a crane 71 for moving modules of the oil platform 1 or another platform beside which the transport structure 10 can be installed. Conventionally, this branch 70 can be installed by a barge, not shown, ballastable / deballastable and can be locked and unlocked from the hull 11 of the structure 10.

La structure 10 permet le démantèlement d'une colonne support 3.The structure 10 allows the dismantling of a support column 3.

Après avoir retiré le pont 2 de la colonne support 3, la structure 10 est amenée par flottaison autour de la colonne support 3, comme montré à la Fig. 8A.After removing the bridge 2 from the support column 3, the structure 10 is floated around the support column 3, as shown in FIG. Fig. 8A .

Ensuite, les groupes moto-réducteurs 26 et 42 sont actionnés pour entraînés en rotation les pignons 27 et 43 qui engrènent avec les séries de dents 22 des plaques 21 de chaque jambe de levage 12 afin d'amener les sabots 13 en contact avec le fond marin 4.Then, the geared motor units 26 and 42 are actuated to rotate the pinions 27 and 43 which mesh with the series of teeth 22 of the plates 21 of each lifting leg 12 to bring the shoes 13 in contact with the bottom Marine 4.

Dès que les sabots 13 sont en contact du fond marin 4, la coque 11 et les éléments 31 de la navette 30 se déplacent vers le haut, le long des jambes 12, sous l'effet de l'entraînement en rotation des pignons 27 et 43 qui engrènent avec les séries de dents 22. La coque 11 et les éléments 31 de la navette 30 sont ainsi positionnés au-dessus du niveau de l'eau. Les extrémités libres des chaînes 51 sont reliées par les systèmes d'accrochage 55 à la colonne support 3 et cette colonne de support 3 est séparée au niveau A (Fig. 8B), de sa partie ancrée dans le fond marin 4.As soon as the shoes 13 are in contact with the seabed 4, the shell 11 and the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 move upwards, along the legs 12, under the effect of the rotation drive of the pinions 27 and 43 which meshes with the series of teeth 22. The shell 11 and the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are thus positioned above the water level. The free ends of the chains 51 are connected by the attachment systems 55 to the support column 3 and this support column 3 is separated at level A ( Fig. 8B ), of its anchored part in the seabed 4.

L'extrémité supérieure du tronçon de la colonne support 3 est accrochée par des câbles 56 à la coque 11 et ces câbles 56 sont enroulés sur des tambours 57 de façon à permettre leur extension.The upper end of the section of the support column 3 is hooked by cables 56 to the shell 11 and these cables 56 are wound on drums 57 so as to allow their extension.

Après ces différentes étapes, l'ensemble de verrouillage 60 de chaque élément 31 de la navette 30 est actionné par basculement des verrous de façon à solidariser les chaînes 51 et, de ce fait, la colonne support 3 de ces éléments 31. Les ensembles de verrouillage 65 sont en position ouverte pour permettre le coulissement des chaînes 51.After these different steps, the locking assembly 60 of each element 31 of the shuttle 30 is actuated by tilting the latches so as to secure the chains 51 and, as a result, the support column 3 of these elements. lock 65 are in the open position to allow the sliding of the chains 51.

Ensuite, les éléments 31 de la navette 30 sont soulevés en entraînant en rotation les pignons 43 au moyen des groupes moto-réducteurs 42 et qui engrènent avec les séries de dents 22 des plaques 21 de chaque jambe de levage 12. Du fait de la solidarisation des chaînes 51 avec ces éléments 31, le tronçon de la colonne support 3 est également soulevé. Au cours de ce déplacement, les éléments 31 de la navette 30 sont tout d'abord guidés vers la paroi verticale 16a de l'ossature porteuse 16 de la coque 11 et par les plaques 17, comme montré à la Fig. 8C. Après cette première opération de levage du tronçon de la colonne support 3, les ensembles de verrouillage 65 sont actionnés afin de verrouiller les chaînes 51 et de solidariser ces chaînes 51 de la coque 11. Les ensembles de verrouillages 60 sont ouverts par basculement des verrous de façon à libérer les chaînes 51 des éléments 31 de la navette 30. Ces éléments 31 sont abaissés pour les ramener sensiblement au niveau de la coque 11, ainsi que montré sur la Fig. 8D.Then, the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are lifted by rotating the pinions 43 by means of the geared motor units 42 and meshing with the series of teeth 22 of the plates 21 of each lifting leg 12. Because of the solidarity chains 51 with these elements 31, the section of the support column 3 is also raised. During this movement, the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are first guided towards the vertical wall 16a of the supporting frame 16 of the shell 11 and by the plates 17, as shown in FIG. Fig. 8C . After this first lifting operation of the section of the support column 3, the locking assemblies 65 are actuated in order to lock the chains 51 and to secure these chains 51 of the shell 11. The locking assemblies 60 are opened by tilting the locks to release the chains 51 of the elements 31 of the shuttle 30. These elements 31 are lowered to bring them substantially to the level of the shell 11, as shown on the Fig. 8D .

Les chaînes 51 sont de nouveau solidarisées des éléments 31 par verrouillage des ensembles 60 et ces chaînes 51 sont libérées de la coque 11 par ouverture des ensembles 65. Les éléments 31 de la navette 30 sont soulevés de façon à lever également le tronçon de la colonne support 3 et ces opérations sont renouvelées pour lever progressivement ce tronçon, ainsi que montré sur la Fig. 8E. Ensuite, les éléments 31 de la navette 30 portant le tronçon de la colonne support 3 sont amenés sensiblement au niveau de la coque 11 (Fig. 8F) et l'ensemble formé par la navette 30 et la coque 11 est abaissé pour amener cette coque 11 en flottaison, comme montré à la Fig. 8G.The chains 51 are again secured to the elements 31 by locking assemblies 60 and these chains 51 are released from the shell 11 by opening the assemblies 65. The elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are lifted so as to lift also the section of the column support 3 and these operations are renewed to gradually lift this section, as shown on the Fig. 8E . Then, the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 bearing the section of the support column 3 are brought substantially at the level of the shell 11 ( Fig. 8F ) and the assembly formed by the shuttle 30 and the shell 11 is lowered to bring the hull 11 floating, as shown in FIG. Fig. 8G .

Les jambes 12 sont relevées et la structure 10 portant la colonne support 3 est retirée du site d'exploitation par flottaison (Fig. 8G).The legs 12 are raised and the structure 10 carrying the support column 3 is removed from the operating site by flotation ( Fig. 8G ).

La structure 10 portant le tronçon de la colonne support 3 est amenée par flottaison jusqu'à un site de chargement de ce tronçon sur une barge 80.The structure 10 carrying the section of the support column 3 is floated to a loading site of this section on a barge 80.

Pour cela, les jambes de levage 12 sont appliquées sur le fond marin 4 en entraînant en rotation les pignons 27 et 43 par les moto-réducteurs 26 et 42 et lorsque les jambes de levage 12 sont en contact sur le fond marin 4, la coque 11 et les éléments 31 de la navette 30 sont levés afin d'amener l'extrémité inférieure du tronçon de la colonne support 3 au-dessus du niveau de l'eau ainsi que montré sur la Fig. 8H. La barge 80 est amenée au-dessous de ce tronçon et ledit tronçon est posé sur la barge 80, puis les chaînes 51 ainsi que les câbles 56 sont déconnectés du tronçon de la colonne support 3 (Fig. 9I). La coque 11 est ensuite amenée en flottaison (Fig. 9J) et les jambes 12 sont relevées pour permettre d'utiliser la structure 10 pour une nouvelle opération de transfert de la partie restante de la colonne support 3. La barge 80 portant le tronçon de la colonne support 3 est amenée jusqu'à un quai de démontage et ce tronçon est transféré sur ce quai, comme montré à la Fig. 9K.For this, the lifting legs 12 are applied to the seabed 4 by rotating the gears 27 and 43 by the geared motors 26 and 42 and when the lifting legs 12 are in contact on the seabed 4, the hull 11 and the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are raised to bring the lower end of the section of the support column 3 above the water level as shown on the Fig. 8H . The barge 80 is brought below this section and said section is placed on the barge 80, then the chains 51 and the cables 56 are disconnected from the section of the support column 3 (FIG 9I). The hull 11 is then floated (FIG 9J) and the legs 12 are raised to allow the structure 10 to be used for a new transfer operation of the remaining part of the support column 3. The barge 80 carrying the section of the support column 3 is brought to a dismounting platform and this section is transferred to this platform, as shown in FIG. 9K.

La structure 10 peut aussi être utilisée pour enlever la partie inférieure de la colonne support 3 ou, si cela est possible pour enlever l'ensemble de la colonne support 3 en une seule opération.The structure 10 may also be used to remove the lower portion of the support column 3 or, if possible, to remove the entire support column 3 in a single operation.

Enfin cette structure 10 peut également être utilisée pour la pose d'une colonne support 3 d'une plate-forme pétrolière sur un site d'exploitation en effectuant sensiblement les mêmes opérations en sens inverse.Finally this structure 10 can also be used for laying a support column 3 of an oil platform on an operating site by performing substantially the same operations in the opposite direction.

D'une manière générale, l'ordre de certaines étapes du démantèlement de la colonne support peut être inversé selon les conditions du démantèlement.In general, the order of certain steps of the dismantling of the support column can be reversed according to the conditions of the dismantling.

La structure selon l'invention présente l'avantage de pouvoir transporter la colonne support d'une plate-forme pétrolière directement du site d'exploitation sur un site fixe où le démontage peut être effectué en toute sécurité, sans risque de pollution du milieu marin ou inversement entre un site fixe et un site d'exploitation.The structure according to the invention has the advantage of being able to transport the support column of an oil rig directly from the operating site to a fixed site where the dismantling can be carried out safely, without risk of pollution of the marine environment. or conversely between a fixed site and an exploitation site.

De plus, les différentes étapes de transfert et de transport sont effectuées sans aucune opération de ballastage, permettant ainsi de réaliser un gain de temps important ce qui est appréciable dans des régions où les conditions atmosphériques sont très rapidement changeantes.In addition, the different stages of transfer and transport are carried out without any ballasting operation, thus making it possible to carry out a significant time savings which is appreciable in areas where the weather conditions are very rapidly changing.

Claims (7)

  1. A structure for dismantling and transporting a fixed offshore oil exploitation platform (1) comprising framework elements formed notably by a bridge (2) and at least one support column (3), said structure including:
    - a U-shaped floating hull (11) equipped with at least three legs (12) for lifting this hull (11) and adapted to rest on the sea bed (4), each lifting leg (12) being associated with mechanical displacement means (20) housed in a supporting framework (16) of said hull (11), and
    - a shuttle (30) which is displaceable along the legs (12) and intended to displace one of the framework elements (2, 3) of the platform (1), said shuttle (30) being formed by at least three elements (31) which are each associated with a lifting leg (12), characterised in that each element (31) of the shuttle (30) comprises, on the one hand, mechanical driving means (40) on the corresponding lifting leg (12) independently of the hull (11) of the structure (10) and, on the other hand, means (50, 51) for connecting with the support column (3) to be displaced of said platform (1).
  2. The structure according to claim 1, characterised in that each element (31) of the shuttle (30) includes a guiding vertical branch (32) on the corresponding supporting framework (16) of the hull (11) and comprising, at its upper part, a horizontal branch (33) for supporting the mechanical driving means (40) of said element (31) on the corresponding leg (12).
  3. The structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the mechanical driving means (40) of each element (31) include, on the one hand, two opposing plates (21) borne by each rib (14) of the corresponding lifting leg (12) and each comprising, on each side surface, a series of teeth (22) and, on the other hand, at least two opposing assemblies (42, 43) borne by the horizontal branch (33) of said element (31) and each formed by a rotating pinion (43) which cooperates with one of the series of teeth (22).
  4. The structure according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the means for connecting with the support column (3) of the platform (1) comprise, at each element (31) of the shuttle (30), a linear and vertical pulling device (51) formed by a chain or a cable and two locking assemblies (60, 65) of said pulling device (51), one (60) of said assemblies being borne by said element (31) and the other (65) of these assemblies being borne by the hull (11) for an incremental vertical displacement of the support column (3) by successive locking of said locking assemblies (60, 65).
  5. The structure according to claim 5, characterised in that each locking assembly (60, 65) is formed by two opposing locks (62a, 62b) which can swing vertically towards one another between a release position of the pulling device (51) and a locking position of this pulling device (51).
  6. The structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that it comprises an independent branch (70) for closing off the opening of the hull (11) and which can be locked onto said hull (11).
  7. A method of dismantling and transporting a framework element of a fixed oil platform (1) formed by a section of a support column (3), between an exploitation site and a support column (3) disassembly quay, consisting of the following steps:
    - arranging around the support column (3), a floating U-shaped hull (11) equipped with at least three legs (12) for lifting this hull (11) and a shuttle (30) formed by at least three elements (31) which are each displaceable along one of said legs (12) independently of the hull (11),
    - applying the lifting legs (12) onto the sea bed (4),
    - lifting the hull (11) and the elements (31) of the shuttle (30),
    - linking each element (31) of the shuttle (30) to the section of the support column (3) by a linear pulling device (51),
    - separating the section of the support column (3) from the rest of said column,
    - locking each pulling device (51) to each element (31) of the shuttle (30),
    - raising the elements (31) of the shuttle (30) to lift the section of the support column (3),
    - locking the pulling devices (51) alternately to the elements (31) of the shuttle (30) and to the hull (11) and lowering and raising said elements (31) to lift the section of the support column (3) incrementally,
    - bringing the shuttle (30) bearing the section of the support column (3) in contact with the hull (11),
    - lowering the shuttle (30) and the hull (11) to make it float,
    - continuing to bring the hull (11) down to cause as a reaction the rising of the lifting legs (12) of the structure (10),
    - displacing the structure (10) bearing the section of the support column (3) to remove this section from the exploitation site and bring it to a loading site on a barge (80),
    - applying on the offloading site the lifting legs (12) on the sea bed (4),
    - lifting the hull (11) and the shuttle (30) to raise the section of the support column (3) above the level of the water,
    - placing the barge (80) in the structure (10) below said section,
    - bringing down the hull (11) and the shuttle (30) to place the section of the support column (3) on the barge (80),
    - detaching the pulling devices (51) from the section of the support column (3), and
    - taking the barge (80) bearing the section of the support column (3) to the disassembly quay and repeating these steps for the other sections of said support column (3).
EP07002269A 2004-01-28 2004-12-30 Device for dismantling and transporting of an offshore platform Not-in-force EP1798342B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0400806A FR2865484B1 (en) 2004-01-28 2004-01-28 STRUCTURE FOR TRANSPORTING, INSTALLING AND DISMANTLING THE ELEMENTS OF A FIXED PETROLEUM PLATFORM AND METHODS OF IMPLEMENTING SUCH A STRUCTURE
EP04816494A EP1716293B1 (en) 2004-01-28 2004-12-30 Method and Device for dismanteling an oil platform

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EP04816494A Division EP1716293B1 (en) 2004-01-28 2004-12-30 Method and Device for dismanteling an oil platform
EP04816494.1 Division 2004-12-30

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EP1798342A2 EP1798342A2 (en) 2007-06-20
EP1798342A3 EP1798342A3 (en) 2008-11-19
EP1798342B1 true EP1798342B1 (en) 2011-12-21

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EP04816494A Not-in-force EP1716293B1 (en) 2004-01-28 2004-12-30 Method and Device for dismanteling an oil platform

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EP (2) EP1798342B1 (en)
KR (1) KR101230424B1 (en)
AT (2) ATE404739T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2004316316B2 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0418459B1 (en)
DE (1) DE602004015846D1 (en)
EA (1) EA008616B1 (en)
FR (1) FR2865484B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005083183A1 (en)

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EP1716293A1 (en) 2006-11-02
US20080131209A1 (en) 2008-06-05
DE602004015846D1 (en) 2008-09-25
KR20070006723A (en) 2007-01-11
US8070388B2 (en) 2011-12-06
AU2004316316B2 (en) 2010-03-11
KR101230424B1 (en) 2013-02-06
EP1798342A3 (en) 2008-11-19
AU2004316316A1 (en) 2005-09-09
BRPI0418459B1 (en) 2015-10-20
WO2005083183A1 (en) 2005-09-09
FR2865484A1 (en) 2005-07-29
EA200601376A1 (en) 2007-02-27
ATE538256T1 (en) 2012-01-15
FR2865484B1 (en) 2006-05-19
EP1798342A2 (en) 2007-06-20
EA008616B1 (en) 2007-06-29
ATE404739T1 (en) 2008-08-15
EP1716293B1 (en) 2008-08-13
BRPI0418459A (en) 2007-06-05

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