EP1333105A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke sowie wärmebehandeltes Werkstück - Google Patents
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke sowie wärmebehandeltes Werkstück Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1333105A1 EP1333105A1 EP02002530A EP02002530A EP1333105A1 EP 1333105 A1 EP1333105 A1 EP 1333105A1 EP 02002530 A EP02002530 A EP 02002530A EP 02002530 A EP02002530 A EP 02002530A EP 1333105 A1 EP1333105 A1 EP 1333105A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- phase
- workpieces
- temperature
- cooling
- during
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/34—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in more than one step
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/04—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B5/12—Arrangement of devices for charging
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B5/13—Arrangement of devices for discharging
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for heat treatment of metallic Workpieces, in particular for the combined carburizing, boronizing and hardening of Ferrous materials. It also relates to a device by means of which a can carry out such procedure, and one by the procedure heat-treated workpiece.
- thermochemical heat treatment To create defined workpiece properties, such as a high one Hardness or wear resistance, metallic workpieces are usually subjected to a thermochemical heat treatment.
- the goal of this Heat treatment is, for example, case hardening, the surface layer of the Carburizing workpieces first, i.e. enriching them with carbon in order to due to the resulting change in material composition the workpieces through a subsequent hardening a relatively high Hardness.
- Types of heat treatment are also known, in which the Surface of the work pieces with the required mechanical properties causing layer are coated. For example, at Boronize by diffusing boron a hard boride layer on the surface of the Workpieces produced that are highly wear and corrosion resistant of the workpieces.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces, by means of which a comparatively large strength, in particular time and fatigue strength, can be achieved with high wear resistance of the workpieces.
- Such a method is based on the knowledge that the boronation phase can be used to control the during the enrichment phase in the Surface layer of the enriched carbon workpieces inside the To let workpieces diffuse.
- An independent diffusion phase for Generate the desired carbon content in the surface layer, as in the conventional carburizing is therefore unnecessary.
- Under carburizing in The above-mentioned sense is also to be understood as carbonitriding, if additional Nitrogen is added to the gas atmosphere.
- Cooling phase temperature difference to be bridged is generally low is. Because the second temperature required for boronizing is about for most low-carbon iron materials, such as case hardening steel C 15, or not only slightly less than the first necessary for the enrichment phase Temperature. Depending on the application, the second temperature can also be higher than the first temperature, so the workpieces are not in this case are to be cooled but warmed up.
- the first temperature at which the workpieces reach during the heating phase heated and where the workpieces carburized during the enrichment phase or carbonitrided, the second temperature at which the workpieces during exposed to the boronation phase, the third temperature from which the Workpieces are quenched, the length of the first period, the length of the second period and that in the enrichment phase and in the boronation phase the amounts of carbon and boron donating agents supplied depends primarily on the material of the workpieces to be treated, which for Reaching the desired carbon content in the surface layer of the workpieces required specific composition of the gas atmosphere and the desired treatment success, such as the desired carburization depth and Boride layer thickness.
- the of the material properties of the to be treated Workpiece dependent process parameters can be for a specific Material from generally accessible databases, such as Calphad (Calculation of Phase Diagrams). Depending on the application, it can thereafter, the workpieces may be required during the first and / or second Heat the cooling phase to the second or third temperature. With cooling in the above-mentioned sense, heating is also necessary understand.
- first Warm temperature between 800 ° C and 1100 ° C.
- Workpieces to a second temperature during the first cooling phase between 800 ° C and 950 ° C to cool one for the boronization of the Workpieces to get usable temperature.
- Workpieces to a third temperature during the second cooling phase cool between 800 ° C and 900 ° C to match the material to achieve the appropriate hardening temperature.
- the workpieces are preferred cooled to room temperature during the quenching phase, so that they are in the Have the connection processed immediately.
- a particularly advantageous procedure also results when the first period between 60 min and 360 min and the second period be between 30 min and 360 min.
- the first and second periods are in Depending on the prevailing temperatures expediently so chosen that a boride layer with a thickness of 10 microns to 100 microns is formed and the edge carbon content directly under the boride layer between 0.6% by weight and 0.9% by weight is an insert depth between 0.2 mm and 2.0 mm.
- a support by a plasma takes place during the enrichment phase and / or during the boronization phase.
- a plasma-activated process is described in connection with boronizing, for example by H.-J. Hunger et al. in the article "Plasma-activated gas boronization with boron trifluoride", HTM 52 (1997) 1.
- the support by a plasma usually takes place at negative pressure and offers the advantage of a lower consumption of carbon or boron donors compared to a purely thermal activation.
- the gas atmosphere expediently contains boron trichloride (BCl 3 ) and / or boron trifluoride (BF 3 ) and / or diborane (B 2 H 6 ) during the boronation phase.
- BCl 3 boron trichloride
- BF 3 boron trifluoride
- B 2 H 6 diborane
- the use of boron trifluoride as a boron donor has proven to be advantageous for plasma-activated boriding. This is because, on the one hand, there is no thermal activation during boronization with boron trifluoride, so that the boronization process is limited to the workpieces located in the region of the cathode case and boronization, for example of the inner walls of a boronization chamber, is avoided.
- boron trifluoride is gaseous even at room temperature, so that an evaporator can be dispensed with economically.
- a third pressure preferably a high pressure of more than 1,013.25 mbar, in a reducing or neutral gas atmosphere or in a liquid Quenching medium are quenched to provide adequate Ensure cooling rate.
- the workpieces consist of a low-carbon iron material, preferably a case hardening steel according to DIN 17 210.
- the method according to the invention is not limited to ferrous materials which initially have a relatively high carbon content, such as conventional quenched and tempered steels Ck 45, Ck 60 or 42 CrMo 4. Rather, the method according to the invention makes it possible to use low-carbon Boronize ferrous materials, such as common case-hardened steels Ck 10, C 15 or 20 MoCr 4.
- both the first pressure and the second pressure are between 0.1 mbar and 30 mbar.
- the pressure depends primarily on the prevailing temperature and the respective composition of the gas atmosphere.
- the first pressure should be set so that on the one hand a comparatively rapid carburization of the surface layer of the workpieces is achieved and on the other hand a generally undesirable carbide or soot formation on the surface of the workpieces is avoided.
- the first pressure and the second pressure do not have to be the same and not necessarily constant during the enrichment phase and the boronation phase. Rather, they can be varied, for example pulsed, according to the desired treatment result.
- a device for performing the method described above comprising at least one treatment chamber, in succession, the heating-up phase, the enrichment phase, the first cooling phase, the boriding, the second cooling phase and Quenching phase are feasible.
- such a device can be a single-chamber vacuum furnace be in which the process steps described above in succession and without Batch transport can be carried out.
- a first preferred embodiment of such a device sees two Treatment chamber before, the in the first treatment chamber Heating phase, the enrichment phase, the first cooling phase, the Boronization phase and the second cooling phase are carried out and the quenching phase being carried out in the second treatment chamber.
- a second looks preferable Design of the device according to the invention three treatment chambers before, in the first treatment chamber the heating phase and Enrichment phase are carried out, being in the second Treatment chamber the first cooling phase, the boronization phase and the second cooling phase are carried out and being in the third Treatment chamber the quenching phase is carried out.
- a third preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention provides four treatment chambers arranged in succession or in parallel, the heating phase being carried out in the first treatment chamber, in the second chamber the enrichment phase or Enrichment phase and the first cooling phase are carried out, wherein in the third treatment chamber the first cooling phase, the Boronization phase and the second cooling phase or the boronization phase and the second cooling phase can be carried out and being in the fourth Treatment chamber the quenching phase is carried out.
- a fourth preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention provides six treatment chambers in front, arranged sequentially or in parallel are, the first treatment chamber as a heating chamber for Perform the heating phase, the second treatment chamber as Enrichment chamber for carrying out the enrichment phase, the third Treatment chamber as a cooling chamber for performing the first Cooling phase, the fourth treatment chamber as a boronization chamber Carrying out the boronization phase, the fifth treatment chamber as Cooling chamber for performing the second cooling phase and the sixth treatment chamber as a quenching chamber for carrying out the Quenching phase are formed.
- the first treatment chamber as a heating chamber for Perform the heating phase
- the second treatment chamber as Enrichment chamber for carrying out the enrichment phase
- the third Treatment chamber as a cooling chamber for performing the first Cooling phase
- the fourth treatment chamber as a boronization chamber Carrying out the boronization phase
- the sixth treatment chamber as a quenching chamber for carrying out the Quenching phase are formed.
- a workpiece that consists of a metallic material and the inventive Process is heat-treated, the workpiece with an outer Iron boride layer from 10 microns to 100 microns thick and one under the Iron boride layer, case hardening layer, which has a Vickers hardness between 600 and 900 and a case hardening depth between 0.2 mm and 2.0 mm has, is provided.
- FIG. 1 the time t and are on the abscissa the temperature ⁇ and the pressure p are plotted on the ordinate. That based on Fig. 1 illustrated heat treatment process is a duplex process in the mentioned above and serves for combined carburizing, boronizing and Hardening of workpieces made of a low-carbon iron material, for example case hardening steel C 15 (material number 1.0401). The The entire process can be divided into six phases A to F.
- heating phase A the workpieces to be treated are heated to a first temperature ⁇ 1 of approx. 1000 ° C.
- the device used for this purpose for example a heat treatment system according to FIG. 5, is first evacuated after the workpieces have been introduced and then heated to the temperature ⁇ 1 .
- the workpieces can also be heated to the temperature ⁇ 1 in an inert or reducing gas atmosphere, such as nitrogen (N 2 ).
- the workpieces After heating to the temperature ⁇ 1 , the workpieces are transported to a second treatment chamber, where during the second phase immediately following the first phase, the enrichment phase B, for a first period of time ⁇ t 1 , which, depending on the required carburizing depth, between 60 min and 360 minutes, are exposed to a hydrocarbon-containing gas atmosphere.
- the level of the pressure p 1 prevailing during the enrichment phase B depends in principle on the desired treatment result and the type of hydrocarbon used and in the present case is approximately 10 mbar.
- Enrichment phase B can be plasma activated if necessary.
- the workpieces are conveyed into a third treatment chamber, where they are cooled from the temperature ⁇ 1 to a second temperature ⁇ 2 of approximately 900 ° C. under vacuum during a first cooling phase C immediately following the enrichment phase B.
- the workpieces can be cooled to a temperature of ⁇ 2 in a gas atmosphere that mainly contains nitrogen and is therefore inert.
- the workpieces are placed in a fourth treatment chamber and borated at a temperature ⁇ 2 and a second pressure p 2 of approx. 0.1 mbar for a second time period ⁇ t 2 in a gas atmosphere containing boron.
- the carbon enriched in the boundary layer of the workpieces during the enrichment phase B diffuses into the interior of the workpieces, so that the boronization phase D also represents a diffusion phase for the carburizing process.
- the time period ⁇ t 2 for this boronation phase D which immediately follows the cooling phase C, is between 30 minutes and 360 minutes, depending on the required treatment result.
- the gas atmosphere contains boron trichloride, boron trifluoride, diborane or several of the aforementioned substances during the boronation phase. If necessary, the boronation phase D can be plasma-activated. In this case, the use of boron trifluoride as a boron donor is particularly suitable.
- a second cooling phase E during which the workpieces are cooled in a fifth treatment chamber of the heat treatment system from the temperature ⁇ 2 to a third temperature ⁇ 3 of approx. 800 ° C under vacuum or alternatively in an inert gas atmosphere .
- the workpieces are held at the third temperature ⁇ 3 for about 15 minutes to 30 minutes, as can be seen in FIG. 1.
- the workpieces are quenched from the quenching temperature ⁇ 3 to a temperature of less than 150 ° C., for example room temperature, during a quenching phase F immediately following the second cooling phase E.
- the workpieces are transported to a sixth treatment chamber and cooled at a high pressure p 3 of more than 1,013.25 mbar in a reducing or neutral gas atmosphere.
- the workpieces can also be quenched in a liquid quenching medium.
- 2 to 6 are different embodiments of a device shown in which the method described above can be carried out.
- 2 is a single-chamber vacuum furnace 10, in which all process steps A to F in one and the same treatment chamber 11 be performed.
- the workpieces assembled into a batch 12 are quenched by gas during the quenching phase F.
- the device shown in Fig. 3 is a two-chamber vacuum furnace 20, which has a first treatment chamber 21 and a second Treatment chamber 22 has.
- first treatment chamber 21 Process steps A to E performed, whereas the as Gas quenching chamber designed second treatment chamber for Quenching the batch 12 serves during the quenching phase F.
- the device according to FIG. 3 differs from a two-chamber vacuum furnace shown in FIG. 4 30 mainly by the fact that in a second treatment chamber 32, which is separated from the first treatment chamber 31 by a door 33 Oil bath 34 is present, in which the charge 12 during the quenching phase F is deterred.
- the process steps A to E are analogous to that 3 carried out in the first treatment chamber 31.
- the treatment chamber 41 serves as a rinsing lock when the charge 12 enters the heat treatment system 40 and as a high-pressure quenching chamber during the quenching phase F at the end of the treatment cycle.
- the treatment chamber 42 is designed as a heating chamber in which the charge 12 is heated to the first temperature ⁇ 1 during the heating phase A.
- the charge 12 is carburized in the treatment chamber 43 during the enrichment phase B.
- the cooling of the charge 12 to the second temperature ⁇ 2 during the first cooling phase C takes place in the treatment chamber 44.
- the batch 12 is borated during the boronation phase D in the treatment chamber 45, whereas the treatment chamber 46 is provided for cooling and equalizing the batch 12 to the third temperature ⁇ 3 during the second cooling phase E.
- a three-chamber vacuum furnace 50 can be seen in FIG. 6.
- the vacuum oven 50 has a rinsing lock 54, through which the charge 12 is introduced into the vacuum oven 50.
- the treatment chamber 51 is used for heating to the first temperature ⁇ 1 during the heating-up phase A and for carburizing the charge 12 during the enrichment phase B.
- the cooling to the second temperature ⁇ 2 during the first cooling phase C takes place, the boronization of the charge 12 during the boronation phase D and the cooling and equalization of the charge 12 to the third temperature ⁇ 3 during the second cooling phase E.
- the treatment chamber 53 is provided for a final gas quenching during the quenching phase F.
- the workpieces treated by the method described above have a outer iron boride layer from 10 microns to 100 microns thick and one under the Case hardening layer with iron boride layer and Vickers hardness between 600 and 900 and a case hardening depth between 0.2 mm and 2.0 mm on. They are characterized by a comparatively high fatigue strength and fatigue strength with high wear resistance.
- Process steps A to F obtained combination of carburizing, boronizing and Hardening. So arise from the immediately consecutive Process steps A to F synergy effects that an efficient process management Take into account. Because the process can be done in a single cycle and in perform a single heat treatment plant without interruption, which means significant economic advantages compared to the previous one separate carburizing, cooling, boriding and hardening can be achieved.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Control Of Heat Treatment Processes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
In bevorzugter Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens betragen sowohl der erste Druck als auch der zweite Druck zwischen 0,1 mbar und 30 mbar. Der Druck hängt dabei in erster Linie von der jeweils herrschenden Temperatur und der jeweiligen Zusammensetzung der Gasatmosphäre ab. So sollte zum Beispiel während der Anreicherungsphase der erste Druck so eingestellt werden, daß einerseits ein vergleichsweise schnelles Aufkohlen der Randschicht der Werkstücke erreicht und andererseits eine im allgemeinen unerwünschte Carbidoder Rußbildung auf der Oberfläche der Werkstücke vermieden wird. Der erste Druck und der zweite Druck müssen während der Anreicherungsphase und der Borierungsphase nicht gleich und auch nicht notwendigerweise konstant sein. Sie können vielmehr entsprechend dem gewünschten Behandlungsergebnisses gezielt variiert, beispielsweise gepulst, werden.
- Fig. 1
- ein den Temperatur- und Druckverlauf des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens über der Zeit veranschaulichendes Diagramm;
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Ein-Kammer-Vakuumofens mit Gasabschreckung;
- Fig. 3
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Zwei-Kammer-Vakuumofens mit Gasabschreckung;
- Fig. 4
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Zwei-Kammer-Vakuumofens mit Ölabschreckung;
- Fig. 5
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Wärmebehandlungsanlage mit sechs Behandlungskammern und
- Fig. 6
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Drei-Kammer-Vakuumofens mit Gasabschreckung und Spülschleuse.
Zum Schluß werden die Werkstücke während einer sich unmittelbar an die zweite Abkühlungsphase E anschließenden Abschreckphase F von der Abschrecktemperatur ϑ3 auf eine Temperatur von weniger als 150 °C, beispielsweise Raumtemperatur, abgeschreckt. Die Werkstücke werden hierfür in eine sechste Behandlungskammer transportiert und bei einem Hochdruck p3 von mehr als 1.013,25 mbar in einer reduzierenden oder neutralen Gasatmosphäre abgekühlt. Alternativ können die Werkstücke auch in einem flüssigen Abschreckmedium abgeschreckt werden.
- 10
- Ein-Kammer-Vakuumofen
- 11
- Behandlungskammer
- 12
- Charge
- 20
- Zwei-Kammer-Vakuumofen
- 21
- Behandlungskammer
- 22
- Behandlungskammer
- 30
- Zwei-Kammer-Vakuumofen
- 31
- Behandlungskammer
- 32
- Behandlungskammer
- 33
- Tür
- 34
- Ölbad
- 40
- Wärmebehandlungsanlage
- 41
- Behandlungskammer
- 42
- Behandlungskammer
- 43
- Behandlungskammer
- 44
- Behandlungskammer
- 45
- Behandlungskammer
- 46
- Behandlungskammer
- 50
- Drei-Kammer-Vakuumofen
- 51
- Behandlungskammer
- 52
- Behandlungskammer
- 53
- Behandlungskammer
- 54
- Spülschleuse
- A
- Aufheizphase
- B
- Anreicherungsphase
- C
- erste Abkühlungsphase
- D
- Borierungsphase
- E
- zweite Abkühlungsphase
- F
- Abschreckphase
- t
- Zeit
- Δt1
- erste Zeitdauer
- Δt2
- zweite Zeitdauer
- ϑ
- Temperatur
- ϑ1
- erste Temperatur
- ϑ2
- zweite Temperatur
- ϑ3
- dritte Temperatur
- p
- Druck
- p1
- erster Druck
- p2
- zweiter Druck
Claims (19)
- Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke, insbesondere zum kombinierten Aufkohlen, Borieren und Härten von Eisenwerkstoffen, mit folgenden Verfahrensschritten:a) Erwärmen der Werkstücke auf eine erste Temperatur (ϑ1) unter Vakuum oder in einer neutralen oder reduzierenden Gasatmosphäre während einer Aufheizphase (A);b) Aufkohlen der Werkstücke bei der am Ende der Aufheizphase (A) erreichten ersten Temperatur (ϑ1) und einem ersten Druck (p1) für eine erste Zeitdauer (Δt1) in einer Kohlenwasserstoff enthaltenden Gasatmosphäre während einer sich unmittelbar an die Aufheizphase (A) anschließenden Anreicherungsphase (B);c) Abkühlen der Werkstücke von der ersten Temperatur (ϑ1) auf eine zweite Temperatur (ϑ2) unter Vakuum oder in einer hauptsächlich Stickstoff enthaltenden Gasatmosphäre während einer sich unmittelbar an die Anreicherungsphase (B) anschließenden ersten Abkühlungsphase (C);d) Borieren der Werkstücke bei der am Ende der ersten Abkühlungsphase (C) erreichten zweiten Temperatur (ϑ2) und einem zweiten Druck (p2) für eine zweite Zeitdauer (Δt2) in einer Bor enthaltenden Gasatmosphäre während einer sich unmittelbar an die erste Abkühlungsphase (C) anschließenden Borierungsphase (D);e) Abkühlen der Werkstücke von der zweiten Temperatur (ϑ2) auf eine dritte Temperatur (ϑ3) unter Vakuum oder in einer hauptsächlich Stickstoff enthaltenden Gasatmosphäre während einer sich unmittelbar an die Borierungsphase (D) anschließenden zweiten Abkühlungsphase (E) undf) Abschrecken der Werkstücke von der dritten Temperatur (ϑ3) auf eine Temperatur unter 150 °C während einer sich an die zweite Abkühlungsphase (E) anschließenden Abschreckphase (F).
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Werkstücke während der Aufheizphase (A) auf eine erste Temperatur (ϑ1) zwischen 800 °C und 1100 °C erwärmt werden. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Werkstücke während der ersten Abkühlungsphase (C) auf eine zweite Temperatur (ϑ2) zwischen 800 °C und 950 °C abgekühlt werden. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Werkstücke während der zweiten Abkühlungsphase (D) auf eine dritte Temperatur (ϑ3) zwischen 800 °C und 900 °C abgekühlt werden. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Werkstücke während der Abschreckphase (F) auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt werden. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
gekennzeichnet durch eine erste Zeitdauer (Δt1) zwischen 60 min und 360 min. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
gekennzeichnet durch eine zweite Zeitdauer (Δt2) zwischen 30 min und 360 min. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
gekennzeichnet durch eine Unterstützung durch ein Plasma während der Anreicherungsphase (B) und/oder während der Borierungsphase (D). - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8,
gekennzeichnet durch eine Gasatmosphäre während der Borierungsphase (D), die Bortrichlorid und/oder Bortrifluorid und/oder Diboran enthält. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Werkstücke während der Abschreckphase (F) bei einem dritten Druck (p3), vorzugsweise einem Hochdruck von mehr als 1.013,25 mbar, in einer reduzierenden oder neutralen Gasatmosphäre oder in einem flüssigen Abschreckmedium abgeschreckt werden. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10,
gekennzeichnet durch Werkstücke, die aus einem kohlenstoffarmen Eisenwerkstoff, vorzugsweise einem Einsatzstahl nach DIN 17 210, bestehen. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11,
gekennzeichnet durch einen ersten Druck (p1) zwischen 0,1 mbar und 30 mbar. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12,
gekennzeichnet durch einen zweiten Druck (p2) zwischen 0,1 mbar und 30 mbar. - Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13,
gekennzeichnet durch wenigstens eine Behandlungskammer, in der nacheinander die Aufheizphase (A), die Anreicherungsphase (B), die erste Abkühlungsphase (C), die Borierungsphase (D), die zweite Abkühlungsphase (E) und die Abschreckphase (F) durchführbar sind. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14,
gekennzeichnet durch zwei Behandlungskammern, wobei in der ersten Behandlungskammer die Aufheizphase (A), die Anreicherungsphase (B), die erste Abkühlphase (C), die Bohrierungsphase (D) und die zweite Abkühlungsphase (E) durchführbar sind und wobei in der zweiten Behandlungskammer die Abschreckphase (F) durchführbar ist. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14,
gekennzeichnet durch drei Behandlungskammern, wobei in der ersten Behandlungskammer die Aufheizphase (A) und die Anreicherungsphase (B) durchführbar sind, wobei in der zweiten Behandlungskammer die erste Abkühlungsphase (C), die Borierungsphase (D) und die zweite Abkühlungsphase (E) durchführbar sind und wobei in der dritten Behandlungskammer die Abschreckphase (F) durchführbar ist. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14,
gekennzeichnet durch vier aufeinanderfolgend oder parallel angeordnete Behandlungskammern, wobei in der ersten Behandlungskammer die Aufheizphase (A) durchführbar ist, wobei in der zweiten Kammer die Anreicherungsphase (B) oder die Anreicherungsphase (B) und die erste Abkühlungsphase (C) durchführbar sind, wobei in der dritten Behandlungskammer die erste Abkühlungsphase (C), die Borierungsphase (D) und die zweite Abkühlungsphase (E) oder die Borierungsphase (D) und die zweite Abkühlungsphase (E) durchführbar sind und wobei in der vierten Behandlungskammer die Abschreckphase (F) durchführbar ist. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14,
gekennzeichnet durch sechs aufeinanderfolgend oder parallel angeordnete Behandlungskammern, wobei die erste Behandlungskammer als Erwärmungskammer zum Durchführen der Aufheizphase (A), die zweite Behandlungskammer als Anreicherungskammer zum Durchführen der Anreicherungsphase (B), die dritte Behandlungskammer als Abkühlungskammer zum Durchführen der ersten Abkühlungsphase (C), die vierte Behandlungskammer als Borierungskammer zum Durchführen der Borierungsphase (D), die fünfte Behandlungskammer als Abkühlungskammer zum Durchführen der zweiten Abkühlungsphase (E) und die sechste Behandlungskammer als Abschreckkammer zum Durchführen der Abschreckphase (F) ausgebildet sind. - Werkstück, das aus einem metallenen Werkstoff besteht und durch ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13 wärmebehandelt ist,
gekennzeichnet durch eine äußere Eisenboridschicht von 10 µm bis 100 µm Dicke und eine unter der Eisenboridschicht liegende Einsatzhärteschicht, die eine Härte nach Vickers zwischen 600 und 900 und eine Einsatzhärtetiefe zwischen 0,2 mm und 2,0 mm aufweist.
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE50212014T DE50212014D1 (de) | 2002-02-04 | 2002-02-04 | Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke sowie wärmebehandeltes Werkstück |
AT02002530T ATE391193T1 (de) | 2002-02-04 | 2002-02-04 | Verfahren zur wärmebehandlung metallischer werkstücke sowie wärmebehandeltes werkstück |
EP02002530A EP1333105B1 (de) | 2002-02-04 | 2002-02-04 | Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke sowie wärmebehandeltes Werkstück |
US10/328,555 US7559995B2 (en) | 2002-02-04 | 2002-12-23 | Method for heat treatment of metal workpieces as well as a heat-treated workpiece |
US11/339,033 US20060118209A1 (en) | 2002-02-04 | 2006-01-25 | Method and device for heat treatment of metal workpieces as well as a heat-treated workpiece |
US11/339,032 US20060119021A1 (en) | 2002-02-04 | 2006-01-25 | Method and device for heat treatment of metal workpieces as well as a heat-treated workpiece |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02002530A EP1333105B1 (de) | 2002-02-04 | 2002-02-04 | Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke sowie wärmebehandeltes Werkstück |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1333105A1 true EP1333105A1 (de) | 2003-08-06 |
EP1333105B1 EP1333105B1 (de) | 2008-04-02 |
Family
ID=8185420
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02002530A Expired - Lifetime EP1333105B1 (de) | 2002-02-04 | 2002-02-04 | Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke sowie wärmebehandeltes Werkstück |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US7559995B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1333105B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE391193T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50212014D1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011029565A1 (de) * | 2009-09-10 | 2011-03-17 | Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum härten von werkstücken, sowie nach dem verfahren gehärtete werkstücke |
US10196730B2 (en) | 2009-09-10 | 2019-02-05 | Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh | Method and device for hardening workpieces, and workpieces hardened according to the method |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8088328B2 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2012-01-03 | Jones William R | Vacuum nitriding furnace |
DE202008010215U1 (de) * | 2008-07-31 | 2008-10-09 | Ipsen International Gmbh | Industrieofen wie Mehrkammer-Vakuumofen, insbesondere Zweikammer-Vakuumofen zur Wärmebehandlung von Chargen metallischer Werkstücke |
JP6206159B2 (ja) * | 2013-12-17 | 2017-10-04 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
JP6452340B2 (ja) * | 2014-06-30 | 2019-01-16 | 国立大学法人群馬大学 | 金属の硬化処理方法 |
US10494687B2 (en) | 2015-02-04 | 2019-12-03 | Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation | Methods and processes of forming gears |
JP6596703B2 (ja) | 2015-03-04 | 2019-10-30 | 株式会社Ihi | 多室型熱処理装置 |
JP6338314B2 (ja) | 2015-05-26 | 2018-06-06 | 株式会社Ihi | 熱処理装置 |
US20170074589A1 (en) | 2015-09-11 | 2017-03-16 | Ipsen Inc. | System and Method for Facilitating the Maintenance of an Industrial Furnace |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS4930620B1 (de) * | 1970-09-02 | 1974-08-14 | ||
JPS62127459A (ja) * | 1985-11-28 | 1987-06-09 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | 鋼の浸炭処理方法 |
US4806175A (en) * | 1983-06-25 | 1989-02-21 | Korber Ag | Method of surface hardening ferrous workpieces |
JPH02298251A (ja) * | 1988-08-31 | 1990-12-10 | Komatsu Ltd | ホウ化処理した耐摩耗品及びその製造方法 |
JPH0339460A (ja) * | 1989-07-06 | 1991-02-20 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 曲げ疲労強度に優れた鋼製部品及びその製造法 |
JPH08144039A (ja) * | 1994-11-21 | 1996-06-04 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | 耐溶損性の優れた鋳造用金型または接溶湯部材 |
EP1078996A1 (de) * | 1999-08-09 | 2001-02-28 | ABB Alstom Power (Schweiz) AG | Verfahren zur Verstärkung der Korngrenzen einer Komponente aus Ni-basierter Superlegierung |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4012238A (en) * | 1973-08-10 | 1977-03-15 | Hughes Tool Company | Method of finishing a steel article having a boronized and carburized case |
US5225144A (en) * | 1990-07-03 | 1993-07-06 | Tokyo Heat Treating Company | Gas-carburizing process and apparatus |
DE29505496U1 (de) * | 1995-03-31 | 1995-06-01 | Ipsen Industries International GmbH, 47533 Kleve | Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke unter Vakuum |
EP1259772B1 (de) * | 2000-02-02 | 2009-11-11 | BTU International, Inc. | Modulares ofensystem |
JP3531736B2 (ja) * | 2001-01-19 | 2004-05-31 | オリエンタルエンヂニアリング株式会社 | 浸炭方法及び浸炭装置 |
-
2002
- 2002-02-04 EP EP02002530A patent/EP1333105B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-04 AT AT02002530T patent/ATE391193T1/de active
- 2002-02-04 DE DE50212014T patent/DE50212014D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-23 US US10/328,555 patent/US7559995B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-01-25 US US11/339,032 patent/US20060119021A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-01-25 US US11/339,033 patent/US20060118209A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS4930620B1 (de) * | 1970-09-02 | 1974-08-14 | ||
US4806175A (en) * | 1983-06-25 | 1989-02-21 | Korber Ag | Method of surface hardening ferrous workpieces |
JPS62127459A (ja) * | 1985-11-28 | 1987-06-09 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | 鋼の浸炭処理方法 |
JPH02298251A (ja) * | 1988-08-31 | 1990-12-10 | Komatsu Ltd | ホウ化処理した耐摩耗品及びその製造方法 |
JPH0339460A (ja) * | 1989-07-06 | 1991-02-20 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 曲げ疲労強度に優れた鋼製部品及びその製造法 |
JPH08144039A (ja) * | 1994-11-21 | 1996-06-04 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | 耐溶損性の優れた鋳造用金型または接溶湯部材 |
EP1078996A1 (de) * | 1999-08-09 | 2001-02-28 | ABB Alstom Power (Schweiz) AG | Verfahren zur Verstärkung der Korngrenzen einer Komponente aus Ni-basierter Superlegierung |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
---|
DATABASE CA [online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; KONDO, TAKAO ET AL: "Surface hardening treatment", XP002204293, retrieved from STN Database accession no. 83:135713 CA * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 011, no. 357 (C - 458) 20 November 1987 (1987-11-20) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 015, no. 072 (C - 0808) 20 February 1991 (1991-02-20) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 015, no. 173 (C - 0828) 2 May 1991 (1991-05-02) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1996, no. 10 31 October 1996 (1996-10-31) * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011029565A1 (de) * | 2009-09-10 | 2011-03-17 | Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum härten von werkstücken, sowie nach dem verfahren gehärtete werkstücke |
US9518318B2 (en) | 2009-09-10 | 2016-12-13 | Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh | Method and device for hardening work pieces and workpieces hardened according to said method |
US10196730B2 (en) | 2009-09-10 | 2019-02-05 | Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh | Method and device for hardening workpieces, and workpieces hardened according to the method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1333105B1 (de) | 2008-04-02 |
US20030145907A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
US20060118209A1 (en) | 2006-06-08 |
US20060119021A1 (en) | 2006-06-08 |
DE50212014D1 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
ATE391193T1 (de) | 2008-04-15 |
US7559995B2 (en) | 2009-07-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE2417179A1 (de) | Verfahren zur aufkohlung hochlegierter staehle | |
EP1333105B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke sowie wärmebehandeltes Werkstück | |
DE29505496U1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke unter Vakuum | |
DE102006059050A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von Wälzlagerbauteilen aus durchgehärtetem, bainitischem Wälzlagerstahl | |
EP1011884A1 (de) | Strangpresswerkzeug, verfahren zu dessen herstellung sowie seine verwendung | |
DE4139975C2 (de) | Verfahren zur Behandlung von legierten Stählen und Refraktärmetallen und Anwendung des Verfahrens | |
EP0627019B1 (de) | Verfahren zur thermochemisch-thermischen behandlung von einsatzstählen | |
DE102006025008A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Härten von Laufflächen von Wälzlagerkomponenten | |
DE102012001862B4 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Panzerungsbauteils und Panzerungsbauteil | |
EP1019561B1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum gemeinsamen oxidieren und wärmebehandeln von teilen | |
EP3250724B1 (de) | Verfahren zum aufbringen eines metallischen schutzüberzugs auf eine oberfläche eines stahlprodukts | |
DE19909694A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Varbonitrieren bei Unterdruckverfahren ohne Plasmaunterstützung | |
DE4416525A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Verschleißfestigkeit von Werkstückoberflächen und nach diesem behandeltes Werkstück | |
EP1745158B1 (de) | Verfahren zur oberflächenbehandlung | |
EP0545069B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Behandlung von Stählen und Refraktärmetallen | |
DE2109997A1 (de) | Verfahren zum metallischen Zemen tieren | |
EP0812929B1 (de) | Verfahren zum Nitrieren und/oder Nitrocarburieren metallischer Werkstücke | |
DE10118029C1 (de) | Verfahren zur thermochemischen Vorbehandlung von metallischen Werkstücken und Anwendung des Verfahrens | |
DE3029339C2 (de) | Glimmentladungs-Oberflächenbehandlungsverfahren und -vorrichtung | |
EP1474541A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung einer oxidschicht auf metallteilen | |
WO2017050464A1 (de) | Bainitisiertes stahlbauteil und verfahren zur herstellung | |
DE102006040814A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Erzeugen einer hoch einsatzhärtbaren Wälzlagerkomponente | |
DE102020214493A1 (de) | Härteverfahren für ein legiertes Werkstück sowie Vorrichtung zum Härten eines legierten Werkstücks | |
EP1391525A1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schwärzen von Bauteilen | |
DE2018709A1 (en) | Iron treatment with vanadium compsns to form wear-resistant vanadium - carbide layer |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20020802 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL LT LV MK RO SI |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20070302 |
|
RTI1 | Title (correction) |
Free format text: PROCESS FOR HEAT TREATING METALLIC ARTICLES AND HEAT TREATED ARTICLE |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: NV Representative=s name: E. BLUM & CO. AG PATENT- UND MARKENANWAELTE VSP Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 50212014 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20080515 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FD4D |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20080713 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20080902 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20080402 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20080402 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20080702 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20080402 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20090106 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090228 Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20080402 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20080703 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090204 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20080402 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20140218 Year of fee payment: 13 Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20140218 Year of fee payment: 13 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20140219 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20140228 Year of fee payment: 13 Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20140218 Year of fee payment: 13 Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20140212 Year of fee payment: 13 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20140219 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20140218 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150228 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 50212014 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: V1 Effective date: 20150901 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150901 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MM01 Ref document number: 391193 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20150204 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20150204 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150228 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150228 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20151030 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150204 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150204 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150204 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150901 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150302 |