Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
  • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
  • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
  • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
  • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
  • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
  • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2207/00—Control
  • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
  • F23G2207/101—Arrangement of sensing devices for temperature
  • F23G2207/1015—Heat pattern monitoring of flames
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
  • F23G2900/00001—Exhaust gas recirculation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
  • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
  • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
  • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
  • F23N2221/10—Analysing fuel properties, e.g. density, calorific
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
  • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
  • F23N2221/12—Recycling exhaust gases
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
  • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
  • F23N2229/20—Camera viewing
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
  • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
  • F23N2235/02—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers
  • F23N2235/04—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers in stacks
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
  • F23N2237/00—Controlling
  • F23N2237/16—Controlling secondary air
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
  • F23N2241/00—Applications
  • F23N2241/16—Spectrometer burners
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
  • F23N2241/00—Applications
  • F23N2241/18—Incinerating apparatus

Definitions

• the invention relates to a system for continuous thermal combustion of matter such as waste matter, provided with an incinerator comprising an inlet for supplying matter to be burned, an outlet for removing burned matter, a combustion path extending between the inlet and the outlet and along which, in use, the matter is continuously transported in a transport direction from the inlet to the outlet for combustion of the matter, and air supply means for supplying heated air to the combustion path.
• an incinerator comprising an inlet for supplying matter to be burned, an outlet for removing burned matter, a combustion path extending between the inlet and the outlet and along which, in use, the matter is continuously transported in a transport direction from the inlet to the outlet for combustion of the matter, and air supply means for supplying heated air to the combustion path.
• the invention also relates to a method for continuous thermal combustion of matter such as waste matter, in an incinerator comprising an inlet for supplying matter to be burned, an outlet for removing burned matter, a combustion path extending between the inlet and the outlet and along which, in use, the matter is continuously transported in a transport direction from the inlet to the outlet for combustion of the matter, and air supply means for supplying heated air to the combustion path.
• a problem occurring when combusting matter such as, for instance, waste matter is a fluctuation in the combustion process, caused by the continuously changing composition of the waste matter. Wide fluctuation in the composition and therefore in the energetic power supplied can result in wide process fluctuations, such as fluctuations in temperatures of combustion, which can be detrimental to the system.
• Such process fluctuations can also result in product fluctuations, such as fluctuations in the amount of steam and electricity generated. As a result thereof, the yield and quality of the products is reduced. What is understood here by 'products' are both the burned waste matter and the energy and/or steam generated by the combustion.
• the object of the invention is to provide a solution to the drawbacks outlined above.
• the system according to the invention is characterized in that the system is further provided with regulating means for automatically regulating the magnitude of the air supply and/or the temperature of the air supplied with the aid of the air supply means, depending on the heating value of the matter (the amount of heat which is generated in the incinerator upon combustion of the matter per kilogram of matter) and/or the location of the fire in the combustion path.
• the air supply is regulated depending on the combustion, so that the above-mentioned process fluctuations are counteracted.
• the invention is based on the insight that a higher heating value of the matter to be burned will result in a fire of longer extension along the combustion path. Hence, the heating value and the location of the fire are closely connected.
• process fluctuations resulting from fluctuations in the heating value can be compensated by regulating the magnitude of the air supply and/or the temperature of the air supplied.
• the magnitude of the air supply can be reduced and/or the temperature of the air supplied can be reduced, vice versa.
• the heating value of the matter can be determined, for instance, by determining the composition of the matter.
• the combustion path viewed in the transport direction of the matter along the combustion path, is provided with at least a first combustion zone for heating and evaporating the matter, a main combustion zone in which the matter is substantially burned, and a final zone for burnout, respectively, the regulating means being arranged to regulate, depending on the heating value of the matter in the incinerator and/or the location of the fire in the combustion path, the magnitude of the air supply to the main combustion zone. In particular, even with a sufficiently high heating value, the air supply to the main combustion zone can be closed off.
• the regulating means are provided with sensor means for obtaining information about a position in the combustion path where fire is located.
• the regulating means are arranged for reducing the temperature of the air supplied when the fire expands along the combustion path in the direction of the inlet and for increasing the temperature of the air supplied when the fire moves away from the inlet. It is also possible that the regulating means are arranged for reducing the magnitude of the air supply when the fire expands along the combustion path in the direction of the inlet and for increasing the magnitude of the air supply when the fire moves away from the inlet.
• the regulating means are arranged for closing off the air supply to the main combustion zone when the fire expands beyond a predetermined position in the combustion path in the direction of the inlet and for releasing the air supply to the main combustion zone again when the fire moves away from the inlet beyond a predetermined position in the combustion path.
• the regulating means are arranged for lowering the temperature of the air supplied when the heating value increases and for increasing the temperature of the air supplied when the heating value decreases. Additionally, according to a further elaboration of this variant, the regulating means are arranged for reducing the magnitude of the air supply when the heating value increases and for increasing the magnitude of the air supply when the heating value decreases.
• the method according to the invention is characterized in that, depending on the magnitude of the heating value of the matter (the amount of heat which is generated in the incinerator upon combustion of the matter, per kilogram of matter) and/or the position of the fire in the combustion path, the magnitude of the air supply and/or the temperature of the air supplied with the aid of the air supply means, is/are regulated.
• Fig. 1 shows a possible embodiment according to the invention for a system of continuous thermal combustion of matter.
• a system for continuous thermal combustion of matter in this example, waste matter
• the system 1 is provided with an incinerator 2, comprising an inlet 4 for supplying the matter to be burned. Further, the incinerator comprises an outlet 6 for removing the matter which has been burned in the incinerator.
• a combustion path 8 extends between the inlet 4 and the outlet 6.
• the matter 3 is transported along the combustion path 8 in a transport direction 10 from the inlet 4 to the outlet 6 for combustion of the matter.
• the incinerator is provided with a grate 12, known per se, comprising means for displacing the matter over the grate in the transport direction 10.
• the system is further provided with air supply means 14 for supplying heated air to the combustion path 8.
• the combustion path 8 viewed in the transport direction 8 of the matter along the combustion path 8, is provided with at least a first combustion zone 16, a main combustion zone 18 and a final zone 20, respectively.
• the first combustion zone the matter is heated and, further, evaporation of moisture contained in the matter will occur.
• the main combustion zone at least substantially, the combustion of the matter occurs.
• the matter will burn out, so that the fire, at the outlet 6, is extinguished.
• the system can be further provided with a chimney 40 having a variable exhaust 42.
• the exhaust 42 is also controlled by the control means 26.
• a dust catcher 44 known per se, is included.
• a channel 46 Via a channel 46, at least a part of the flue gases which leave the incinerator via the chimney 40 and which have been stripped of dust with the aid of the device 44, can be returned to the incinerator. This involves so-called waste gas recirculation.
• an let 48 with a control valve 50 can be disposed, via which mlet secondary air can be supplied to the incinerator
• the control means 26 can further be arranged to control the control valve 50 via a line 52
• the system is further provided with regulating means 22 adapted, depending on the heating value of the matter in the incinerator (this is the amount of heat generated upon combustion of the matter 3 m the incinerator per kilogram of the matter), to automatically regulate the magnitude of the air supply and/or the temperature of the air supplied with the aid of the air supply means 14.
• the regulating means comprise sensor means 24 for obtaining information about the heating value and control means 26 which are connected to the sensor means 24 via a line 28 On the basis of information supplied by the sensor means 24 via the line 28 to the control means 26, the control means 26 generate a control signal which is fed, via a line 30, to the air supply means 14.
• the control means 26 consist of a suitably programmed computer 26 With the aid of the control signal, the magnitude of the air supply to the combustion path and/or the temperature of the air supplied to the combustion path can be regulated.
• the regulation is such that, when the heating value increases (so that the temperature in the incinerator will increase), the magnitude of the air supply decreases and/or the temperature of the air supplied decreases As a result, the temperature will decrease again
• the heating value increases increases (so that the temperature m the incinerator will decrease)
• the regulation is such that the magnitude of the air supply to the combustion path increases and/or the temperature of the air supplied to the combustion path increases. As a result, the temperature will increase again
• the regulation therefore, is such, that fluctuations in the temperature combustion process (temperature fluctuations) are counteracted and are thus damped
• the regulating means are arranged for closing off the air supply to the main combustion zone entirely when the heating value exceeds a predetermined value.
• the sensor means 24 are arranged for obtaining information about a position in the combustion path where the fire of the combustion is located.
• the regulation means 24 can, for instance, be provided with an infrared camera, a CCD camera and the like.
• the regulating means can then be arranged such, that the magnitude of the air supply and/or the magnitude of the temperature of the air supplied is reduced when the fire expands in the combustion path in the direction of the inlet 4.
• the regulating means will then cause the magnitude of the air supply and/or the height of the temperature of the air supplied to increase again.
• the regulating means 26 will reduce the magnitude of the air supply and/or the temperature of the air supplied, so that the distance between the inlet 4 and the nearest position in the combustion path where the fire is located, will increase again.
• the magnitude of the air supply and/or the temperature of the air supplied will not be further reduced.
• Varying the magnitude of the air supply and/or the temperature can be executed both continuously and in discrete steps.
• the first position 32 and the second position 34 are located at some distance from one another in order to prevent an unstable regulation. Therefore, in this example, the system comprises a hysteresis loop.
• the regulation means can further be arranged for closing off the air supply to the main combustion zone 18 when the fire expands beyond the predetermined position 32 in the combustion path in the direction of the inlet, and for releasing the flow of air which is supplied to the main combustion zone when the fire has moved away from the inlet 4 beyond the predetermined position 34.
• These sensor means 24 can also be arranged for determining, in a manner known per se, the composition of the matter 3. With the aid of this composition, the control means can determine, in a manner known per se. the heating value of the matter 3 in order to regulate the magnitude of the air supply and/or the temperature of the air supplied. To that end, the sensor means 24 can, for instance, be provided with a gas chromatograph, a spectrum analyzer and/or a mass spectograph.
• the invention is in no way limited to the above outlined embodiments.
• the combustion path for instance, can be provided with more than three zones, the air supply of one or several of these zones being selectively regulated as discussed hereinabove, depending on the location of the fire in the incinerator.
• the heating value is determined on the basis of the emission spectrum measured.
• the heating value is determined in another manner known per se for regulating the air supply.
• the regulation of the air supply can be executed both continuously and in steps.
• the speed of the regulation can be adapted to the size of the incinerator. Such variants are all understood to fall within the scope of the invention.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=19770909

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Families Citing this family (4)

Family Cites Families (17)

• 2001
  • 2001-02-27 WO PCT/NL2001/000163 patent/WO2001065178A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2001-02-27 US US10/220,012 patent/US20050066865A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-02-27 EP EP01912580A patent/EP1259760A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2001-02-27 AU AU2001241269A patent/AU2001241269A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-02-27 JP JP2001563837A patent/JP2003525418A/ja active Pending

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events