EP1105626A1 - Vorrichtung zum betätigen eines gaswechselventils - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zum betätigen eines gaswechselventilsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1105626A1 EP1105626A1 EP99941635A EP99941635A EP1105626A1 EP 1105626 A1 EP1105626 A1 EP 1105626A1 EP 99941635 A EP99941635 A EP 99941635A EP 99941635 A EP99941635 A EP 99941635A EP 1105626 A1 EP1105626 A1 EP 1105626A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- spring
- valve
- gas exchange
- closing
- opening
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for actuating a gas exchange valve according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
- Electromagnetic actuators for actuating gas exchange valves generally have two switching magnets, an opening magnet and a closing magnet, between the pole faces of which an armature is arranged to be displaceable coaxially to a valve axis.
- the armature acts directly or indirectly via an armature tappet on a valve stem of the gas exchange valve.
- a preloaded spring mechanism acts on the armature.
- two preloaded compression springs serve as the spring mechanism, of which an upper valve spring, the opening spring, the gas exchange valve in the opening direction and a lower valve spring, the closing spring, load in the closing direction.
- DE 35 13 107 C2 shows a gas exchange valve with an actuator in which the armature, together with an opening spring, acts against the force of a closing spring via an armature tappet on the valve stem, while the closing spring acts on the valve stem of the gas exchange valve.
- the actuator is activated at the start, either the closing magnet or the opening magnet is briefly overexcited or, as is apparent from DE 33 07 070 C2, the armature is excited with its resonance frequency using an oscillation routine in order to be attracted from the equilibrium position.
- an electromagnetic actuator is known, the electromagnet of which can attract the armature from its rest position automatically against the force of a return spring.
- the valve springs are designed with a progressively increasing characteristic curve, in such a way that the magnetic force of at least one magnet always exceeds the spring force in the area between the equilibrium position and the assigned end position.
- the valve springs can be designed the same or have a different characteristic, whereby the equilibrium position of the armature shifts towards a magnet.
- the armature In the closed position of the gas exchange valve, the armature lies against the pole face of the excited closing magnet and is held by it.
- the closing magnet continues to bias the opening spring.
- the closing magnet To open the gas exchange valve, the closing magnet is switched off and the opening magnet is switched on.
- the opening spring accelerates the armature beyond the equilibrium position, so that it is attracted by the opening magnet.
- the armature strikes the pole face of the opening magnet and is held by it.
- the opening magnet To close the gas exchange valve again, the opening magnet is switched off and the closing magnet is switched on.
- the closing spring accelerates the armature beyond the equilibrium position to the closing magnet.
- the armature is attracted by the closing magnet, strikes the pole face of the closing magnet and is held by it.
- valve springs certain equilibrium position does not match an energetic central position between the pole faces or does not have a specific position.
- Large and wear on the valve seat cause the armature to rest on the pole face of the closing magnet before the gas exchange valve closes completely. Hot fuel gases, which flow through valves that do not close tightly, destroy the valve seats.
- a lash adjuster in which an actuator is floatingly mounted in a cylinder head.
- the actuator opens and closes a gas exchange valve via an armature and two electromagnets arranged on both sides in the direction of movement of the armature.
- the spring mechanism is arranged between the actuator and the valve plate of the gas exchange valve, the upper opening spring being supported on the actuator and the lower closing spring on the cylinder head.
- On the side facing away from the gas exchange valve there is a play compensation element between a cover plate and the actuator, which compensates for both positive and negative valve play.
- the play compensation element has a first hydraulic element with a play compensation piston in a cylinder.
- the lash adjuster piston is located between a first pressure chamber, which is controlled by the internal combustion engine and is remote from the gas exchange valve, and a second pressure chamber, which faces the gas exchange valve.
- a check valve is located in the piston and is held in the closed position by a retaining spring. The check valve opens when there is overpressure in the first pressure chamber in the direction of the second pressure chamber.
- the retention spring is designed so that the check valve does not open if none Game is present, and thus breaks the connection between the two pressure rooms.
- the play compensation element is supported on the upper cover plate, which is firmly connected to the cylinder head.
- the play compensation element can transmit only compressive forces or, in another embodiment, compressive and tensile forces during the closing process.
- the valve spring of the gas exchange valve no longer acts on the second pressure chamber.
- the pressure in the second pressure chamber thereby drops below that of the first pressure chamber, so that the check valve opens against the retaining spring.
- the pressure medium flows from the first into the second pressure chamber until the game is balanced. This process can take several working cycles of the valve. Because the position of the actuator changes when compensating for play, the position of the valve springs in equilibrium also changes, so that it no longer corresponds to the energetic center position. This changes the vibration behavior of the spring mechanism, the energy requirement of the magnets and the opening and closing process of the gas exchange valves.
- a method for adjusting the rest position of the armature on an electromagnetic actuator is known, such as is used on piston internal combustion engines to actuate gas exchange valves.
- the rest position corresponds to an equilibrium position which results from the pretension of the valve springs in the case of de-energized magnets.
- the inductance of the two electromagnets is measured in each case and the position of the armature in the equilibrium position with respect to the pole faces of the electromagnets is derived from the comparison of the two measured inductance values.
- the anchor is in the equilibrium position during the measurement.
- the object of the invention is to implement a device for actuating gas exchange valves with a play compensation element in such a way that the center position changes only slightly depending on the wear of the valve seat.
- the opening spring has a steeper characteristic curve and a lower preload than the closing spring, the equilibrium position in the case of currentless magnets corresponding approximately to an energetic central position.
- the opening spring is expediently designed so that it moves over the valve stroke from the opening to initiate the opening. Movement of the valve relaxes the required force to zero. If necessary, a low residual pre-tension is advantageous for safety reasons. Due to the complete relaxation, the opening spring according to the invention receives a steeper characteristic curve than a spring designed according to the prior art. In order to achieve the required total rigidity of the two valve springs, the closing spring is designed with a flatter characteristic. Due to the uneven design of the characteristic curves of both valve springs, the equilibrium position of the armature is changed relative to the energetic central position. This change is compensated for by the fact that the two valve springs receive a prestress acting opposite to their characteristic curves on the equilibrium position, so that the equilibrium position of the armature again essentially corresponds to the energetic central position.
- valve spring In a new internal combustion engine, the valve spring must be installed with a higher preload, residual closing force, than is required to hold the valve closed, since the closing spring relaxes over the service life due to wear on the valve seat. This lead can be smaller due to the flatter characteristic curve, because there is less loss of preload with the same wear path. Furthermore, lower forces occur in all areas except for the state that the gas exchange valve is closed.
- the center position of the armature changes with the wear path depending on the ratio of the closing spring stiffness to the total stiffness of the two valve springs. In the design according to the invention, this ratio is always less than 0.5. As a result, the permissible central position range of the system is only left after a longer running time, so that a longer service life of the system is achieved. Since the center position always shifts in the same direction under the influence of wear on the valve seat, it is advisable to Adjust the weight position in the initial state somewhat to the opposite side to take into account a certain amount of wear during the running-in phase and the first operating time.
- valve springs Since no unnecessary energy is stored in the valve springs, the springs can be designed slightly smaller than usual, which results in a smaller installation space.
- Fig. 1 shows an electromagnetic actuator and a gas exchange valve with a play compensation element during operation in an equilibrium position
- Fig. 2 is a diagram of the course of forces of the valve springs during a stroke of a gas exchange valve.
- An electromagnetic actuator 1 actuates a gas exchange valve 6 of a cylinder head, not shown, of an internal combustion engine.
- the actuator 1 has an upper closing magnet 2 and a lower opening magnet 3 and an armature 4 arranged axially movably between the magnets 2 and 3, which acts on a valve stem 8 of the gas exchange valve 6 via an armature tappet 5 and a hydraulic lash adjuster 16.
- a valve plate 7 At the free end of the valve stem 8 there is a valve plate 7, which cooperates with a valve seat ring 9 embedded in the cylinder head.
- a valve guide 10 guides the valve stem 8 in the cylinder head.
- a spring system consisting of a closing spring 14 and an opening spring 15, holds the armature 4 in a non-energized magnet 2 and 3 in an equilibrium position 19, which suitably corresponds to an energetic central position.
- the closing spring 14 is supported on the one hand via a spring support 11 on the cylinder head and on the other hand via a spring plate 12 on the valve stem 8, while the opening spring 15 is supported at one end on the actuator 1 and at the other end via a spring plate 13 on the armature tappet 5.
- the play compensation element 16 is active and ensures that the gas exchange valve 6 closes without play and the armature 4 in the end position 18, which corresponds to the closed gas exchange valve 6, on the closing magnet 2 abuts, the closing spring 14 exerting a residual closing force on the gas exchange valve 6.
- the spring force of the closing spring 14 or opening spring 15 is on a coordinate 21 via an abscissa 20, which represents the stroke movement of the gas exchange valve 6 between the end position 17 for the open gas exchange valve 6 and the end position 18 for the closed gas exchange valve shown.
- a characteristic curve 24 represents the course of a conventional closing spring 14, while a characteristic curve 26 characterizes an inventive design. Accordingly, a customary characteristic curve 25 and a characteristic curve 27 according to the invention are given for the opening spring 15.
- a total characteristic curve 28 of the two valve springs 14, 15 crosses the abscissa 20, the area above the abscissa 20, starting from the equilibrium position 19, representing the closing movement and the part below the abscissa 20 representing the opening movement of the gas exchange valve 6.
- the sum characteristic curve 28, which is decisive for the vibration behavior of the actuator 1, is the same for the usual spring design and the spring design according to the invention.
- the spring design according to the invention differs from the conventional spring design in that the characteristic curve 27 for the opening spring 15 relaxes to zero in the open position up to the end position 17, while the usual characteristic curve 25 has a prestress 23 in this end position 17.
- the characteristic curve 27 runs steeper than the characteristic curve 25 and also steeper than the characteristic curve 26 of the closing spring 14.
- the closing spring 14, which in the end position 18, which corresponds to the closed valve position, has a pretension 22, also runs flatter than the usual characteristic curve 24 the closing spring 14.
- the inclination of the characteristic curves 26, 27 are matched to the pretension 22 and the pretension of the opening spring 15, which is zero in the exemplary embodiment, in such a way that the total characteristic curve 28 and the center position 19 are retained. Due to the flatter characteristic curve 26 of the closing spring 14, the influence of wear on the valve seat ring 9 and valve plate 7 on the shifting of the equilibrium position 19 relative to the energetic central position is less than with a conventional spring design.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
- Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19837837A DE19837837C1 (de) | 1998-08-20 | 1998-08-20 | Vorrichtung zum Betätigen eines Gaswechselventils |
DE19837837 | 1998-08-20 | ||
PCT/EP1999/006025 WO2000011326A1 (de) | 1998-08-20 | 1999-08-17 | Vorrichtung zum betätigen eines gaswechselventils |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1105626A1 true EP1105626A1 (de) | 2001-06-13 |
EP1105626B1 EP1105626B1 (de) | 2002-03-27 |
Family
ID=7878173
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99941635A Expired - Lifetime EP1105626B1 (de) | 1998-08-20 | 1999-08-17 | Vorrichtung zum betätigen eines gaswechselventils |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6394416B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1105626B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19837837C1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2174634T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000011326A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050076866A1 (en) * | 2003-10-14 | 2005-04-14 | Hopper Mark L. | Electromechanical valve actuator |
US7603858B2 (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2009-10-20 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Harmonic engine |
DE102008054014A1 (de) | 2008-10-30 | 2010-05-06 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Aktiengesellschaft | Gaswechselventil für Brennkraftmaschinen |
US9291056B2 (en) | 2010-08-30 | 2016-03-22 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Harmonic uniflow engine |
US8807012B1 (en) | 2010-08-30 | 2014-08-19 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Harmonic engine |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1391955A (en) * | 1972-07-12 | 1975-04-23 | British Leyland Austin Morris | Actuating internal combustion engine poppet valves |
US4420141A (en) * | 1981-08-26 | 1983-12-13 | Caterpillar Tractor Co. | Variable rate valve spring |
DE3307070C2 (de) * | 1983-03-01 | 1985-11-28 | FEV Forschungsgesellschaft für Energietechnik und Verbrennungsmotoren mbH, 5100 Aachen | Stelleinrichtung für ein zwischen zwei Endstellungen verstellbares Schaltelement |
DE3513107A1 (de) * | 1985-04-12 | 1986-10-16 | Fleck, Andreas, 2000 Hamburg | Elektromagnetisch arbeitende stelleinrichtung |
DE3826978A1 (de) * | 1988-08-09 | 1990-02-15 | Meyer Hans Wilhelm | Elektromagnetisch betaetigbare stellvorrichtung |
DE3920976A1 (de) * | 1989-06-27 | 1991-01-03 | Fev Motorentech Gmbh & Co Kg | Elektromagnetisch arbeitende stelleinrichtung |
DE19631909A1 (de) * | 1995-08-08 | 1997-02-13 | Fev Motorentech Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren zur Justierung der Ruhelage des Ankers an einem elektromganetischen Aktuator |
DE19529152B4 (de) * | 1995-08-08 | 2005-12-29 | Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh | Aus der Ruhelage selbstanziehender elektromagnetischer Aktuator |
DE19624296A1 (de) * | 1996-06-18 | 1998-01-02 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Elektromagnetische Betätigungsvorrichtung für Brennkraftmaschinen-Hubventile |
DE29615396U1 (de) * | 1996-09-04 | 1998-01-08 | FEV Motorentechnik GmbH & Co. KG, 52078 Aachen | Elektromagnetischer Aktuator mit Aufschlagdämpfung |
DE19647305C1 (de) * | 1996-11-15 | 1998-02-05 | Daimler Benz Ag | Vorrichtung zur elektromagnetischen Betätigung eines Gaswechselventils |
WO1998042957A1 (de) * | 1997-03-24 | 1998-10-01 | Lsp Innovative Automotive Systems Gmbh | Elektromagnetischer antrieb |
JP3831104B2 (ja) * | 1997-05-13 | 2006-10-11 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 吸排気弁の電磁駆動装置 |
DE19725010C1 (de) * | 1997-06-13 | 1998-10-29 | Daimler Benz Ag | Vorrichtung zur Betätigung eines Gaswechselventils mit einem elektromagnetischen Aktuator |
US6176208B1 (en) * | 1997-07-03 | 2001-01-23 | Nippon Soken, Inc. | Electromagnetic valve driving apparatus |
DE19750228C1 (de) * | 1997-11-13 | 1998-12-03 | Daimler Benz Ag | Vorrichtung zum Betätigen eines Gaswechselventils mit einem elektromagnetischen Aktuator |
-
1998
- 1998-08-20 DE DE19837837A patent/DE19837837C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-08-17 EP EP99941635A patent/EP1105626B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-08-17 WO PCT/EP1999/006025 patent/WO2000011326A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1999-08-17 ES ES99941635T patent/ES2174634T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-02-09 US US09/780,488 patent/US6394416B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0011326A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2174634T3 (es) | 2002-11-01 |
US6394416B2 (en) | 2002-05-28 |
DE19837837C1 (de) | 2000-01-05 |
WO2000011326A1 (de) | 2000-03-02 |
EP1105626B1 (de) | 2002-03-27 |
US20010005006A1 (en) | 2001-06-28 |
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