EP1058805B2 - Method and device for drying a rapidly conveyed product to be dried, especially for drying printing ink - Google Patents

Method and device for drying a rapidly conveyed product to be dried, especially for drying printing ink Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1058805B2
EP1058805B2 EP99910235A EP99910235A EP1058805B2 EP 1058805 B2 EP1058805 B2 EP 1058805B2 EP 99910235 A EP99910235 A EP 99910235A EP 99910235 A EP99910235 A EP 99910235A EP 1058805 B2 EP1058805 B2 EP 1058805B2
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Prior art keywords
dried
substance
temperature
drying
radiation
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EP99910235A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1058805B1 (en
EP1058805A1 (en
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Rainer Gaus
Kai K. O. BÄR
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Advanced Photonics Technologies AG
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Advanced Photonics Technologies AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
    • F26B3/283—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun in combination with convection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for drying a drying material conveyed rapidly in a conveying direction and to such a device according to the preamble of patent claims 1 and 17, respectively.
  • the material to be dried is deflected along its conveying path over a plurality of deflection rollers. It can rest on a particular pulley either one or the other side of the material to be dried. If e.g. in an apparatus for printing paper, an ink layer applied to the paper and the printed paper is deflected with its printed side adjacent to a deflection roller, the ink layer must already be sufficiently dry before the paper reaches the pulley. But for other on the printing following steps is a sufficiently dry ink ⁇ condition. For this purpose, for example, the stacking of printed Einzelblättem one above the other or rolling up a printed paper called web. The same applies to through and through wet paper webs, which are promoted quickly for further processing in papermaking.
  • a Textit heat treatment device is known in which infrared rays having a wavelength of 1.5 to 3 microns are used.
  • the invention has the object of demonstrating method and device of the type mentioned in that a fast and safe drying is possible.
  • a moisture component in particular a solvent
  • the separated moisture component is separated by a Transport gas stream removed from the drying zone.
  • Electromagnetic radiation especially infrared radiation, has proven to be particularly convenient and efficient for drying. Even at high conveying speeds of the substrate, only one drying zone having a short length in the conveying direction is required.
  • the transport gas stream is formed from expanded compressed air.
  • the separated moisture component When separating the moisture component from the material to be dried, the separated moisture component can form a boundary layer covering the material to be dried, which hinders further drying. In particular, a dynamic equilibrium is established on the surface of the material to be dried, in which approximately the same amount of moisture particles emerge from the material to be dried as they again enter the material to be dried from the boundary layer. According to the invention, therefore, the separated moisture component is removed by a transport gas stream from the drying zone. In particular, with continuous supply of the transport gas in the drying zone, the formation of a drying-inhibiting boundary layer is prevented by the particles of the separated moisture component are transported away for a short time after emerging from the Trocknungsgut.
  • the electromagnetic radiation is tuned to the absorption properties of the moisture component, that the radiation energy is absorbed substantially only by the moisture component and not by the other components of the material to be dried and / or by a non-wet carrier material.
  • the moisture component is not vaporized in the true sense, but the particles of the moisture component are specifically stimulated or knocked out of the drying material.
  • the transport gas stream (D) flows in a direction transverse to the conveying direction range from a direction in the drying zone, which includes a surface normal of the material to be dried an angle of 60 to 90 °, preferably of about 80 °, and hits like a knife on the Trocknungsgut on.
  • the transport gas entrained from the drying material leaked moisture particles, without transmitting a significant portion of its kinetic energy to the drying material.
  • the transport gas stream unfolds in the region of its inflow into the drying zone, a proximity effect by impinging directly on the surface of the material to be dried, so that a Surface layer formed by the separated wet component is lifted like a knife from the material to be dried.
  • the flat angle of incidence enhances the knife-like effect.
  • the combination of the proximity effect with the extent of the region in which the transport gas stream flows into the drying zone, transversely to the conveying direction results in an advantageous rapid drying effect over the entire width of the region.
  • the speed of the transport gas flow over the entire width of the material to be dried is the same.
  • the transport gas flow formed from expanded compressed air flows either in the conveying direction of the carrier material or opposite to the conveying direction in a path on the surface of the material to be dried.
  • This distance may in particular be longer than the length of the drying zone in which electromagnetic radiation is incident.
  • the gas temperature of the transport gas stream at least before hitting the moisture component, lower than the temperature of the material to be dried. This is particularly advantageous in the case of heat-sensitive carrier material, since a heat transfer of the material to be dried from the carrier material can be reduced or prevented by the cooling of the material to be dried.
  • the incident electromagnetic radiation has a spectral intensity maximum, which is in the near infrared, in particular in the wavelength range of 0.8 to 2.0 microns.
  • a substantial proportion of the radiation energy is deliberately introduced as excitation energy for particles of the moisture component, in particular water, into the material to be dried.
  • said wavelength range are several absorption bands of water. But other moist components, in particular solvents, have absorption bands in this wavelength range.
  • the transport gas stream after leaving the drying zone flows to the radiation source of the electromagnetic radiation in order to cool it.
  • the radiation source of the electromagnetic radiation in order to cool it.
  • cooling is required.
  • the transport gas flow can be dispensed with either further, additional cooling, or such, additional cooling can be dimensioned correspondingly smaller.
  • the temperature of the dried material to be dried and / or the temperature of the separated moisture component and / or the temperature of the carrier material is controlled by adjusting the Strahlungsfluß réelle the incident in the drying zone electromagnetic radiation according to a development of the method.
  • the temperature to be controlled is measured by means of a pyrometer.
  • an electric incandescent lamp in particular a halogen lamp, is used as the radiation source for the electromagnetic radiation, and the incandescent current of the incandescent lamp is adjusted for setting the radiation flux density. Additionally or alternatively, the distance of the radiation source from the drying zone is adjusted to set the Strahlungsflußêt.
  • Drying is particularly efficient in a further development of the method in which the non-absorbed radiation components of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the material to be dried are reflected back onto the material to be dried. There, the back-reflected radiation components are at least partially absorbed. It increases the absorbed radiation fraction.
  • the radiation sources used to generate the electromagnetic radiation or the radiation source used can be made smaller in terms of their radiation power, or it can be irradiated a larger drying zone. It is also possible to irradiate by reflected radiation components zones on the conveying path of the carrier material to which no radiation is incident directly from the radiation sources or the radiation source.
  • a reflector used for the reflection of the unabsorbed radiation components is cooled, in particular in order to minimize the emission of longer-wave infrared radiation.
  • the carrier material is paper, which is conveyed at a conveying speed between 2 and 25 m / s.
  • the paper is newsprint paper, which is conveyed at a conveying speed between 10 and 20 m / s, in particular at a little 15 m / s, or is the paper thermal printing paper having a conveying speed between 2 and 10 m / s , in particular at about 5 m / s is promoted.
  • the temperature of the carrier material is adjusted to a value below 70 ° C, in particular below 50 ° C and / or regulated. In this way, an undesired thermally induced change of the carrier material or its properties can be avoided.
  • the transport gas flows at a speed between 20 and 120 m / s on theShuntransport Schlden particles of the separated moisture component and ruptures these particles with.
  • the speed of impact is between 30 and 40 m / s.
  • the device according to the invention for drying a drying material conveyed quickly in a conveying direction in particular for drying ink layers on rapidly conveyed paper, has the features of claim 17.
  • the transport gas connection is a compressed air connection and the transport gas guide has a compressed air distributor extending transversely to the delivery path, in particular a distributor tube, for distributing compressed air flowing into the compressed air connection substantially over the entire width of the delivery path.
  • a single compressed air connection is sufficient to introduce compressed air, which serves over the entire width of the conveying path for removing the moisture component from the Trocknungsgut.
  • the transport gas guide preferably has a guide surface extending approximately along the conveying path of the material to be dried, whose distance from the conveying path decreases in the gas flow direction.
  • the guide surface ends at a gas passage gap defined by it and the material to be dried. Through the gap, the drying gas is fed into the drying zone.
  • the drying gas After passing through the gap, the drying gas, depending on the design of the end of the guide surface, form flow vortices or be guided approximately laminar in the drying zone.
  • Flow vortices in particular favored by a sharp-edged bent end of the guide surface, accelerate the removal of moisture particles immediately in the area behind the gap, but reduce the efficiency of the removal at a greater distance behind the gap.
  • the transport gas flow in the drying zone.
  • the gap width of the gas passage gap is between 2 and 15 mm, in particular between 5 and 10 mm.
  • the transport gas forms over the entire length of the drying zone in the conveying direction or opposite to the conveying direction a flowing separating layer between the material to be dried and already separated moist particles.
  • the particle density of the moisture particles first decreases and increases again at a greater distance from the Trocknungsgut, still in the transport gas flow or beyond the Transportgasstromes.
  • the knife-like action results in a higher net discharge rate of moisture particles from the drying stock, i. it prevents significant back-diffusion of the moisture particles into the material to be dried.
  • the radiation source is an incandescent lamp, in particular a halogen incandescent lamp.
  • Halogen bulbs can be purchased inexpensively in the trade. Their emission temperature is adjustable by adjusting the glow current to various applications.
  • lamp reflectors or reflectors are provided in the region of the lamp, so that the radiation emitted by the lamp fills as completely as possible in the drying zone. By shaping and arrangement of the lamp reflectors and the spatial distribution of the radiation flux can be adjusted via the drying zone.
  • a reflector is provided for reflecting unabsorbed radiation passing through the carrier material, which is arranged on the side of the conveying path opposite the radiation source.
  • a water cooling is provided on the reflector.
  • the apparatus preferably has a control circuit for regulating the temperature of the material to be dried and / or the temperature of the separated moisture component and / or the temperature of the carrier material.
  • the control circuit comprises a pyrometer for measuring the temperature to be controlled, a current actuator for adjusting the incandescent lamp current and a current regulator which actuates the actuator in dependence on the temperature reading of the pyrometer to adjust the glow current.
  • the device comprises a distance actuator for adjusting the distance of the radiation source from the conveying path of the carrier material and a distance controller which controls the actuator operated in response to the Temperaturmeßwert the pyrometer to adjust the distance of the radiation source.
  • Fig. 1 shows a carrier material consisting of paper 1 and on its surface a layer of wet ink 2 carries.
  • the paper 1 is transported to the right in the selected representation, as illustrated by an arrow in the direction of transport R.
  • the ink 2 is hit by infrared radiation 4, which is partially absorbed by the solvent water, which is contained in the printing ink 2 at a high percentage, for example 90%. It thus forms in the conveying direction in or behind the zone in which the infrared radiation 4 impinges, a thin boundary layer of water vapor 3, which consists of the ejected from the ink 2 particles.
  • the water vapor 3 impedes the further drying of the printing ink, as indicated schematically by the right-hand arrow pointing downwards.
  • At least two processes play a role: the dynamic equilibrium between water particles entering and leaving the printing ink 2 and the absorption of radiation in the water vapor layer.
  • FIG. 2 shows an apparatus 8 according to the invention for drying moist, water-containing printing ink 2 on the surface of a rapidly conveyed paper web 1, in particular a printed newsprint web.
  • the paper web 1 is conveyed at a speed of about 15 m / s.
  • the paper can be conveyed either from right to left or from left to right, but during a certain drying process, the paper web is conveyed in one direction only.
  • the paper is conveyed in the selected in Fig. 2 representation from left to right.
  • the arrangement of the compressed air guide 14 would be the same in the event that the paper would be conveyed from right to left.
  • only a pyrometer 11 (function will be described below) in the conveying direction behind the compressed air guide 14, d. H. to the left of this.
  • a drying zone T In which radiation emitted by halogen line radiators 10 impinges on the printing ink 2, whose most energy-rich components are essentially infrared radiation 4.
  • a spectral filter can be arranged between the halo-line radiators 10 and the material to be dried.
  • a compressed air connection 12 of the compressed air guide 14 compressed air is supplied in a over the entire width of the conveying path of the paper web 1 Vietnameserekkendes manifold 15.
  • the manifold 15 is shown cut open at the front of the front to make his profile recognizable. In fact, however, the manifold 15 is laterally closed. From the manifold 15, the compressed air exits through an over the entire width of the conveying path extending outlet opening 16. On the way there, the compressed air is initially directed opposite to the conveying direction and then approximately at right angles kinking through a transverse guide portion in the direction of the paper web 1. In the transverse guide portion sets a guide surface 17, which also extends over the entire width of the conveying path.
  • the guide surface 17 and the paper web 1 define a narrowing in the compressed air flow direction gap in which the compressed air flows.
  • the guide surface 17 and coming from the guide roller 7, in a straight direction funded paper web 1 form an angle ⁇ of about 10 ° with each other.
  • the gap width of the over the entire width of the conveying path occidentalrekkenden passage gap 18 is about 7 mm.
  • the supplied through the compressed air guide 14 air flows at a rate of about 35 m / s through the passage gap 18 in the drying zone T.
  • Water vapor particles are transported away from the air flow D, which knocked out of the ink 2 by the infrared radiation 4 have been.
  • Flow paths of the airflow D are represented by numerous, slightly upwardly directed, curved arrows in FIG.
  • a pyrometer 11 At a position of the conveying path of the paper web 1, which lies in the conveying direction behind the drying zone T, a pyrometer 11 is directed.
  • the pyrometer 11 thus takes by radiation measurement, the temperature of the surface 11 carried by the paper web surface layer on, which consists essentially of already dried ink 2.
  • the temperature reading is fed to a controller (not shown).
  • the controller for example a Pl or PID controller, then outputs a control signal that can be received by two actuators.
  • a current actuator which serves the short-term, responsive adjustment of the glow current of the halogen halide emitters 10, is controlled by the controller, if a mostly minor, responsive adjustment of the Strahlungsflußêt is required.
  • a distance control element is actuated in order to change the distance of the radiation source 10 from the conveying path of the paper web 1.
  • This slow pitch control compared to current control, extends the overall control range by harnessing the relatively narrow current control range for a wide range of temperature or radiant flux density.
  • compressed air of low residual moisture is introduced into the compressed air port 12, which is cooled by the subsequent expansion in the manifold and / or after flowing out of the manifold 15 5. Dry, cold air is thus conducted into the drying zone T.
  • This has the advantage that on the one hand the removal of the moisture component from the drying zone T is improved and on the other hand, the temperature of the ink 2 and thus the temperature of the paper web 1 can be kept low. In particular, it is possible to keep the temperature of the paper web 1 below 50 ° C, wherein the paper web 1 is conveyed at a conveying speed of about 5 m / s and the air velocity at the passage gap 18 is about 35 m / s.
  • the drying device according to the invention can also be used, in particular, in devices for producing sheet-like printed products, for example brochures, magazine or drawing sheets, which convey the starting material to be printed by means of a vacuum conveying device.
  • the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention can be advantageously used in printing devices which produce individualized printed products, for example, tickets with consecutive numbers or successive sheets or paper web sections with individual bar codes.
  • Such systems often have inkjet printers, especially with a print resolution of 240 dpi or better.
  • the device i or the method according to the invention for example, printing outputs of 54,000 A4 sheets per hour are possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Supply, Installation And Extraction Of Printed Sheets Or Plates (AREA)

Abstract

A method and an apparatus for drying a substance that is being rapidly conveyed in a conveyor apparatus, in particular for drying layers of printing ink on rapidly transported paper, wherein in a drying zone by means of incident electromagnetic radiation a moisture component, in particular a solvent, is separated from the substance to be dried. The separated moisture component is transported away from the drying zone by means of a transport gas current. Efficient and rapid drying of in particular printed newsprint or thermal printing paper is attained at high conveyor velocities.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Trocknen eines schnell in eine Förderrichtung geförderten Trocknungsgutes sowie eine derartige Vorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 bzw. 17.The invention relates to a method for drying a drying material conveyed rapidly in a conveying direction and to such a device according to the preamble of patent claims 1 and 17, respectively.

Beim Trocknen eines schnell geförderten Trocknungsgutes kommt es ganz wesentlich auf eine schnell wirkende Trocknung an. Beispielsweise wird das Trocknungsgut entlang seines Förderweges über mehrere Umlenkrollen umgelenkt. Dabei kann an einer bestimmten Umlenkrolle entweder die eine oder die andere Seite des Trocknungsgutes anliegen. Wird z.B. in einer Vorrichtung zum Bedrucken von Papier eine Druckfarbenschicht auf das Papier aufgebracht und wird das bedruckte Papier mit seiner bedruckten Seite an einer Umlenkrolle anliegend umgelenkt, so muß die Druckfarbenschicht bereits ausreichend trocken sein, bevor das Papier die Umlenkrolle erreicht. Aber auch für andere auf das Bedrucken folgende Arbeitsschritte ist eine ausreichend trockene Druckfarbe\Voraussetzung. Hierfür seien beispielsweise das Stapeln von bedruckten Einzelblättem übereinander oder das Aufrollen einer bedruckten Papier bahn genannt. Entsprechendes gilt für durch und durch feuchte Papierbahnen, die zur weiteren Verarbeitung bei der Papierherstellung schnell gefördert werden.When drying a quickly conveyed material to be dried, it is very important to have a fast-acting drying process. For example, the material to be dried is deflected along its conveying path over a plurality of deflection rollers. It can rest on a particular pulley either one or the other side of the material to be dried. If e.g. in an apparatus for printing paper, an ink layer applied to the paper and the printed paper is deflected with its printed side adjacent to a deflection roller, the ink layer must already be sufficiently dry before the paper reaches the pulley. But for other on the printing following steps is a sufficiently dry ink \ condition. For this purpose, for example, the stacking of printed Einzelblättem one above the other or rolling up a printed paper called web. The same applies to through and through wet paper webs, which are promoted quickly for further processing in papermaking.

Aus der DE-A-39 10 163 ist eine Trocknungseinrichtung für lackbedruckte Oberflächen von lackartigen Druckwerken bekannt, bei welcher mit einer Kombination aus UV und Infrarot gearbeitet wird.From DE-A-39 10 163 a drying device for paint-printed surfaces of varnish-like printing units is known in which a combination of UV and infrared is used.

Aus der DE-A-3710 787 ist eine Textit-Wärmebehandlungseinrichtung bekannt, bei welcher Infrarotstrahlen mit einer Wellenlänge von 1,5 bis 3 µm Verwendung finden.From DE-A-3710 787 a Textit heat treatment device is known in which infrared rays having a wavelength of 1.5 to 3 microns are used.

Aus der FR-A-2 403 529 sind Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trocknen und Behandeln von Papierbahnen nach dem Oberbegriff der Patentansprüche 1 bzw. 17 bekannt. Gemäß der Lehre dieser Druckschrift dreht es sich insbesondere um die Vermeidung einer Entzündung des Trocknungsgutes.From FR-A-2 403 529 methods and apparatus for drying and treating paper webs according to the preamble of claims 1 and 17 are known. According to the teaching of this document, it is particularly about avoiding ignition of the material to be dried.

Die vorgenannten Druckschriften zeigen Einzelbeispiele, die in bestimmten Fällen bei Ausführung zu tragbaren Trocknungsergebnissen führen, jedoch sind diese Ergebnisse nicht ohne weiteres reproduzierbar.The above-mentioned documents show individual examples which in certain cases lead to portable drying results when executed, but these results are not readily reproducible.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Verfahren und Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art dahingehend aufzuzeigen, dass eine schnelle und sichere Trocknung ermöglicht wird.The invention has the object of demonstrating method and device of the type mentioned in that a fast and safe drying is possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird verfahrensmäßig durch den Gegenstand des Anspruches 1 und vorrichtungsmäßig durch den Gegenstand des Anspruches 17 gelöst.This object is procedurally achieved by the subject matter of claim 1 and device by the subject of claim 17.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Trocknen eines schnell in eine Förderrichtung geförderten Trocknungsgutes, insbesondere zum Trocknen von Druckfarbenschichten auf schnell gefördertem Papier, wird in einer Trocknungszone durch auftreffende elektromagnetische Strahlung eine Feuchtkomponente, insbesondere ein Lösungsmittel, von dem Trocknungsgut abgetrennt und wird die abgetrennte Feuchtkomponente durch einen Transportgasstrom aus der Trocknungszone abtransportiert. Elektromagnetische Strahlung, insbesondere Infrarotstrahlung, hat sich als besonders zweckmäßig und effizient für die Trocknung erwiesen. Selbst bei hohen Fördergeschwindigkeiten des Trägermaterialswird nur eine Trocknungszone benötigt, die eine in Förderrichtung kurze Länge hat. Der Transportgasstrom ist aus expandierter Druckluft gebildet.In the method according to the invention for drying a drying material conveyed rapidly in a conveying direction, in particular for drying ink layers on rapidly conveyed paper, a moisture component, in particular a solvent, is separated from the material to be dried in a drying zone by impinging electromagnetic radiation and the separated moisture component is separated by a Transport gas stream removed from the drying zone. Electromagnetic radiation, especially infrared radiation, has proven to be particularly convenient and efficient for drying. Even at high conveying speeds of the substrate, only one drying zone having a short length in the conveying direction is required. The transport gas stream is formed from expanded compressed air.

Bei der Abtrennung der Feuchtkomponente von dem Trocknungsgut kann die abgetrennte Feuchtkomponente eine das Trocknungsgut abdeckende Grenzschicht bilden, die das weitere Trocknen behindert. Dabei stellt sich insbesondere ein dynamisches Gleichgewicht an der Oberfläche des Trocknungsgutes ein, bei dem etwa gleich viele Feuchteteilchen aus dem Trocknungsgut austreten wie wieder aus der Grenzschicht in das Trocknungsgut eintreten. Erfindungsgemäß wird daher die abgetrennte Feuchtkomponente durch einen Transportgasstrom aus der Trocknungszone abtransportiert. Insbesondere bei kontinuierlicher Zuführung des Transportgases in die Trocknungszone wird die Entstehung einer trocknungsbehindemden Grenzschicht verhindert, indem die Teilchen der abgetrennten Feuchtkomponente bereits kurze Zeit nach dem Austreten aus dem Trocknungsgut abtransportiert werden.When separating the moisture component from the material to be dried, the separated moisture component can form a boundary layer covering the material to be dried, which hinders further drying. In particular, a dynamic equilibrium is established on the surface of the material to be dried, in which approximately the same amount of moisture particles emerge from the material to be dried as they again enter the material to be dried from the boundary layer. According to the invention, therefore, the separated moisture component is removed by a transport gas stream from the drying zone. In particular, with continuous supply of the transport gas in the drying zone, the formation of a drying-inhibiting boundary layer is prevented by the particles of the separated moisture component are transported away for a short time after emerging from the Trocknungsgut.

Die elektromagnetische Strahlung ist so auf die Absorptionseigenschaften der Feuchtkomponente abgestimmt, daß die Strahlungsenergie im wesentlichen nur von der Feuchtkomponente und nicht von den übrigen Komponenten des Trocknungsgutes und/oder von einem nicht feuchten Trägermaterial absorbiert wird. Dadurch wird die Feuchtkomponente nicht im eigentlichen Sinne verdampft, sondern werden die Teilchen der Feuchtkomponente gezielt angeregt bzw. aus dem Trocknungsgut herausgeschlagen.The electromagnetic radiation is tuned to the absorption properties of the moisture component, that the radiation energy is absorbed substantially only by the moisture component and not by the other components of the material to be dried and / or by a non-wet carrier material. As a result, the moisture component is not vaporized in the true sense, but the particles of the moisture component are specifically stimulated or knocked out of the drying material.

Vorzugsweise strömt der Transportgasstrom (D) in einem quer zur Förderrichtung verlaufenden Bereich aus einer Richtung in die Trocknungszone ein, die mit einer Oberflächennormalen des Trocknungsgutes einen Winkel von 60 bis 90°, vorzugsweise von etwa 80°, einschließt, und trifft messerartig an dem Trocknungsgut auf. Dadurch kann das Transportgas aus dem Trocknungsgut ausgetretene Feuchteteilchen mitrei-ßen, ohne einen wesentlichen Anteil seiner kinetischen Energie auf das Trocknungsgut zu übertragen. Eine mechanische Deformation des Trocknungsgutes, was beispielsweise zu einem Verschmieren scharfer Ränder von Druckfarbenaufträgen führen könnte, wird somit vermieden.Preferably, the transport gas stream (D) flows in a direction transverse to the conveying direction range from a direction in the drying zone, which includes a surface normal of the material to be dried an angle of 60 to 90 °, preferably of about 80 °, and hits like a knife on the Trocknungsgut on. As a result, the transport gas entrained from the drying material leaked moisture particles, without transmitting a significant portion of its kinetic energy to the drying material. A mechanical deformation of the material to be dried, which could for example lead to smearing sharp edges of ink jobs, is thus avoided.

Vorzugsweise entfaltet der Transportgasstrom in dem Bereich seines Einströmens in die Trocknungszone eine Nahwirkung, indem er unmittelbar an der Oberfläche des Trocknungsgutes auftrifft, so daß eine durch die abgetrennte Feuchtkomponente gebildete Oberflächenschicht messerartig von dem Trocknungsgut abgehoben wird. Insbesondere verstärkt dabei der flache Auftreffwinkel die messerartige Wirkung.Preferably, the transport gas stream unfolds in the region of its inflow into the drying zone, a proximity effect by impinging directly on the surface of the material to be dried, so that a Surface layer formed by the separated wet component is lifted like a knife from the material to be dried. In particular, the flat angle of incidence enhances the knife-like effect.

Insbesondere die Kombination der Nahwirkung mit der Erstreckung des Bereiches, in dem der Transportgasstrom in die Trocknungszone einströmt, quer zur Förderrichtung resultiert in einem vorteilhaften schnellen Trocknungseffekt über die gesamte Erstrekkungsbreite des Bereiches. Dabei ist zweckmäßigerweise die Geschwindigkeit des Transportgasstromes über die gesamte Breite des Trocknungsgutes gleich groß.In particular, the combination of the proximity effect with the extent of the region in which the transport gas stream flows into the drying zone, transversely to the conveying direction results in an advantageous rapid drying effect over the entire width of the region. Expediently, the speed of the transport gas flow over the entire width of the material to be dried is the same.

Günstig ist es, wenn der aus expandierter Druckluft gebildete Transportgasstrom entweder in Förderrichtung des Trägermaterials oder entgegengesetzt der Förderrichtung in einer Strecke an der Oberfläche des Trocknungsgutes entlangströmt. Diese Strecke kann insbesondere länger sein als die Länge der Trocknungszone, in der elektromagnetische Strahlung einfällt. Somit wird für einen Abtransport von Feuchteteilchen über die gesamte Trocknungszone hinweg und sogar über diese hinaus gesorgt.It is advantageous if the transport gas flow formed from expanded compressed air flows either in the conveying direction of the carrier material or opposite to the conveying direction in a path on the surface of the material to be dried. This distance may in particular be longer than the length of the drying zone in which electromagnetic radiation is incident. Thus, removal of moisture particles throughout and even beyond the drying zone is provided.

Um das gegebenenfalls durch die elektromagnetische Strahlung erwärmte Trocknungsgut zu kühlen, ist die Gastemperatur des Transportgasstromes, zumindest vor dem Auftreffen auf die Feuchtkomponente, niedriger als die Temperatur des Trocknungsgutes. Dies ist insbesondere bei wärmeempfindlichem Trägermaterial von Vorteil, da durch die Kühlung des Trocknungsgutes ein Wärmeübertrag von dem Trocknungsgut von dem Trägermaterial reduziert bzw. verhindert werden kann.In order to cool the optionally heated by the electromagnetic radiation drying material, the gas temperature of the transport gas stream, at least before hitting the moisture component, lower than the temperature of the material to be dried. This is particularly advantageous in the case of heat-sensitive carrier material, since a heat transfer of the material to be dried from the carrier material can be reduced or prevented by the cooling of the material to be dried.

Insbesondere wenn die Feuchtkomponente des Trocknungsgutes Wasser ist, hat die auftreffende elektromagnetische Strahlung ein spektrales Intensitätsmaximum, das im nahen Infrarot liegt, insbesondere im Wellenlängenbereich von 0,8 bis 2,0 µm. Dadurch wird ein wesentlicher Anteil der Strahlungsenergie gezielt als Anregungsenergie für Teilchen der Feuchtkomponente, insbesondere Wasser, in das Trocknungsgut eingebracht. In dem genannten Wellenlängenbereich liegen mehrere Absorptionsbanden von Wasser. Aber auch andere Feuchtkomponenten, insbesondere Lösungsmittel, haben Absorptionsbanden in diesen Wellenlängenbereich.In particular, when the moisture component of the material to be dried is water, the incident electromagnetic radiation has a spectral intensity maximum, which is in the near infrared, in particular in the wavelength range of 0.8 to 2.0 microns. As a result, a substantial proportion of the radiation energy is deliberately introduced as excitation energy for particles of the moisture component, in particular water, into the material to be dried. In said wavelength range are several absorption bands of water. But other moist components, in particular solvents, have absorption bands in this wavelength range.

Aus Gründen der Effizienz der ablaufenden thermodynamischen Prozesse, insbesondere zur Erhöhung des Gesamtwirkungsgrades bei der Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, strömt der Transportgasstrom nach dem Verlassen derTrocknungszone zu der Strahlungsquelle der elektromagnetischen Strahlung, um diese zu kühlen. Insbesondere bei Verwendung von Temperaturstrahlern, die bei einer Temperatur oberhalb von 2500 K betrieben werden, ist eine Kühlung erforderlich. Durch den Transportgasstrom kann entweder auf eine weitere, zusätzliche Kühlung verzichtet werden, oder kann eine solche, zusätzliche Kühlung entsprechend kleiner dimensioniert werden.For reasons of efficiency of the running thermodynamic processes, in particular for increasing the overall efficiency in the application of the method according to the invention, the transport gas stream after leaving the drying zone flows to the radiation source of the electromagnetic radiation in order to cool it. In particular, when using temperature radiators, which are operated at a temperature above 2500 K, cooling is required. By the transport gas flow can be dispensed with either further, additional cooling, or such, additional cooling can be dimensioned correspondingly smaller.

Zur Gewährleistung definierter Temperaturverhältnisse wird die Temperatur des getrockneten Trocknungsgutes und/ oder die Temperatur der abgetrennten Feuchtkomponente und/oder die Temperatur des Trägermaterials durch Einstellen der Strahlungsflußdichte der in der Trocknungszone auftreffenden elektromagnetischen Strahlung gemäß einer Weiterbildung des Verfahrens geregelt. Vorzugsweise wird die zu regelnde Temperatur mittels eines Pyrometers gemessen.To ensure defined temperature conditions, the temperature of the dried material to be dried and / or the temperature of the separated moisture component and / or the temperature of the carrier material is controlled by adjusting the Strahlungsflußdichte the incident in the drying zone electromagnetic radiation according to a development of the method. Preferably, the temperature to be controlled is measured by means of a pyrometer.

Zweckmäßigerweise wird als Strahlungsquelle für die elektromagnetische Strahlung eine elektrische Glühlampe, insbesondere eine Halogenlampe, verwendet und wird zum Einstellen der Strahlungsflußdichte der Glühstrom der Glühlampe eingestellt. Zusätzlich oder alternativ wird zum Einstellen der Strahlungsflußdichte der Abstand der Strahlungsquelle von der Trocknungszone eingestellt.Expediently, an electric incandescent lamp, in particular a halogen lamp, is used as the radiation source for the electromagnetic radiation, and the incandescent current of the incandescent lamp is adjusted for setting the radiation flux density. Additionally or alternatively, the distance of the radiation source from the drying zone is adjusted to set the Strahlungsflußdichte.

Besonders effizient ist die Trocknung bei einer Weiterbildung des Verfahrens, bei der durch das Trocknungsgut hindurchtretende, nicht absorbierte Strahlungsanteile der elektromagnetischen Strahlung auf das Trocknungsgut zurückreflektiert werden. Dort werden die zurückreflektierten Strahlungsanteile zumindest teilweise absorbiert. Es erhöht sich der absorbierte Strahlungsanteil. Somit können die zur Erzeugung der elektromagnetischen Strahlung eingesetzten Strahlungsquellen bzw. die eingesetzte Strahlungsquelle hinsichtlich ihrer Strahlungsleistung kleiner dimensioniert werden, oder es kann eine größere Trocknungszone bestrahlt werden. Es ist auch möglich, durch reflektierte Strahlungsanteile Zonen am Förderweg des Trägermaterials zu bestrahlen, auf die keine Strahlung direkt von den Strahlungsquellen bzw. der Strahlungsquelle einfällt. Vorzugsweise wird ein für die Reflexion der nicht absorbierten Strahlungsanteile eingesetzter Reflektor gekühlt, insbesondere um die Emission längerwelliger Infrarotstrahlung zu minimieren.Drying is particularly efficient in a further development of the method in which the non-absorbed radiation components of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the material to be dried are reflected back onto the material to be dried. There, the back-reflected radiation components are at least partially absorbed. It increases the absorbed radiation fraction. Thus, the radiation sources used to generate the electromagnetic radiation or the radiation source used can be made smaller in terms of their radiation power, or it can be irradiated a larger drying zone. It is also possible to irradiate by reflected radiation components zones on the conveying path of the carrier material to which no radiation is incident directly from the radiation sources or the radiation source. Preferably, a reflector used for the reflection of the unabsorbed radiation components is cooled, in particular in order to minimize the emission of longer-wave infrared radiation.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist insbesondere vorteilhaft anwendbar, wenn das Trägermaterial Papier ist, das mit einer Fördergeschwindigkeit zwischen 2 und 25 m/s gefördert wird. In besonderer Ausgestaltung ist das Papier Zeitungspapier, das mit einer Fördergeschwindigkeit zwischen 10 und 20 m/s, insbesondere mit etwas 15 m/s, gefördert wird, oder ist das Papier Thermo-Druckpapier, das mit einer Fördergeschwindigkeit zwischen 2 und 10 m/s, insbesondere mit etwa 5 m/s gefördert wird.The method according to the invention is particularly advantageously applicable when the carrier material is paper, which is conveyed at a conveying speed between 2 and 25 m / s. In a particular embodiment, the paper is newsprint paper, which is conveyed at a conveying speed between 10 and 20 m / s, in particular at a little 15 m / s, or is the paper thermal printing paper having a conveying speed between 2 and 10 m / s , in particular at about 5 m / s is promoted.

Insbesondere im Fall von Thermo-Druckpapier als Trägermaterial wird die Temperatur des Trägermaterials auf einen Wert unter 70°C, insbesondere unter 50°C eingestellt und/oder geregelt. Auf diese Weise kann eine unerwünschte thermisch bedingte Veränderung des Trägermaterials bzw. seiner Eigenschaften vermieden werden.In particular, in the case of thermal printing paper as a carrier material, the temperature of the carrier material is adjusted to a value below 70 ° C, in particular below 50 ° C and / or regulated. In this way, an undesired thermally induced change of the carrier material or its properties can be avoided.

Vorzugsweise trifft der Transportgasstrom mit einer Geschwindigkeit zwischen 20 und 120 m/s auf die abzutransportierenden Teilchen der abgetrennten Feuchtkomponente und reißt diese Teilchen mit. Insbesondere beträgt die Geschwindigkeit beim Auftreffen zwischen 30 und 40 m/s. Durch eine ausreichend hohe Transportgasgeschwindigkeit, die beispielsweise in den genannten Bereichen liegt, wird eine trocknungsbehindernde Schicht von aus dem Trocknungsgut abgetrennten Feuchteteilchen zuverlässig aufgelöst und/oder von der Oberfläche des Trocknungsgutes abgehoben, bzw. entsteht, zumindest unmittelbar an der Oberfläche des Trocknungsgutes, erst gar nicht. Gegenüber Versuchen, bei denen auf den erfindungsgemäßen Transportgasstrom verzichtet wurde, sind dadurch um 70 bis 80% höhere Trocknungsraten beobachtet worden.Preferably, the transport gas flows at a speed between 20 and 120 m / s on the abzutransportierenden particles of the separated moisture component and ruptures these particles with. In particular, the speed of impact is between 30 and 40 m / s. By a sufficiently high transport gas velocity, which is for example in the above areas, a drying-inhibiting layer of moisture particles separated from the drying material is reliably dissolved and / or lifted off the surface of the material to be dried, or even arises, at least directly on the surface of the material to be dried Not. Compared with experiments in which the transport gas stream according to the invention has been dispensed with, by 70 to 80% higher drying rates have been observed.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Trocknen eines schnell in eine Förderrichtung geförderten Trocknungsgutes, insbesondere zum Trocknen von Druckfarbenschichten auf schnell gefördertem Papier, weist die Merkmale des Anspruchs 17 auf.The device according to the invention for drying a drying material conveyed quickly in a conveying direction, in particular for drying ink layers on rapidly conveyed paper, has the features of claim 17.

Vorteile, die ebenso die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung betreffen, wurden bereits oben genannt.Advantages which also relate to the device according to the invention have already been mentioned above.

Insbesondere ist der Transportgasanschluß ein Druckluftanschluß und weist die Transportgasführung einen sich quer zum Förderweg erstreckenden Druckluftverteiler auf, insbesondere ein Verteilerrohr, zum Verteilen von in den Druckluftanschluß einströmender Druckluft im wesentlichen über die gesamte Breite des Förderweges. Vorzugsweise reicht somit ein einziger Druckluftanschluß aus, um Druckluft einzuleiten, die über die gesamte Breite des Förderweges zum Abtransport der Feuchtkomponente aus dem Trocknungsgut dient.In particular, the transport gas connection is a compressed air connection and the transport gas guide has a compressed air distributor extending transversely to the delivery path, in particular a distributor tube, for distributing compressed air flowing into the compressed air connection substantially over the entire width of the delivery path. Preferably, therefore, a single compressed air connection is sufficient to introduce compressed air, which serves over the entire width of the conveying path for removing the moisture component from the Trocknungsgut.

Bevorzugtermaßen weist die Transportgasführung eine etwa entlang dem Förderweg des Trocknungsgutes verlaufende Führungsfläche auf, deren Abstand zum Förderweg sich in Gasströmungsrichtung verringert. Die Führungsfläche endet an einem durch sie und das Trocknungsgut definierten Gasdurchtrittsspalt. Durch den Spalt wird das Trocknungsgas in die Trocknungszone geführt.The transport gas guide preferably has a guide surface extending approximately along the conveying path of the material to be dried, whose distance from the conveying path decreases in the gas flow direction. The guide surface ends at a gas passage gap defined by it and the material to be dried. Through the gap, the drying gas is fed into the drying zone.

Nach dem Durchtritt durch den Spalt kann das Trocknungsgas, je nach Ausgestaltung des Endes der Führungsfläche, Strömungswirbel bilden oder annähernd laminar in die Trocknungszone geführt werden. Strömungswirbel, insbesondere begünstigt durch ein scharfkantig abknickendes Ende der Führungsfläche, beschleunigen den Abtransport von Feuchteteilchen unmittelbar im Bereich hinter dem Spalt, verringern jedoch die Effizienz des Abtransports in größerer Entfernung hinter dem Spalt. Je nach Anwendung kann auf diese Weise die Transportgasströmung in der Trocknungszone optimal durch Formgestaltung des Endes der Führungsfläche eingestellt werden.After passing through the gap, the drying gas, depending on the design of the end of the guide surface, form flow vortices or be guided approximately laminar in the drying zone. Flow vortices, in particular favored by a sharp-edged bent end of the guide surface, accelerate the removal of moisture particles immediately in the area behind the gap, but reduce the efficiency of the removal at a greater distance behind the gap. Depending on the application can be optimally adjusted by shaping the end of the guide surface in this way, the transport gas flow in the drying zone.

Besonders bevorzugt wird eine Ausgestaltung, bei der die Spaltbreite des Gasdurchtrittsspaltes zwischen 2 und 15 mm, insbesondere zwischen 5 und 10 mm beträgt. In Kombination mit einem flachen Auftreffwinkel des Transportgasstromes auf die abgetrennte Feuchtkomponente bzw. an der Oberfläche des Trocknungsgutes entsteht bei solch schmalem Gasdurchtrittsspalt insbesondere die messerartige Wirkung. Die abgetrennten Feuchteteilchen werden somit von der Oberfläche des Trocknungsgutes entfernt. Insbesondere bildet das Transportgas über die gesamte Länge der Trocknungszone in Förderrichtung oder entgegengesetzt der Förderrichtung eine strömende Trennschicht zwischen dem Trocknungsgut und bereits abgetrennten Feuchteteilchen. In bestimmter Ausgestaltung nimmt daher von der Oberfläche des Trocknungsgutes aus gesehen, zumindest in der Nähe des Gasdurchtrittsspaltes die Teilchendichte der Feuchteteilchen zunächst ab und nimmt in größerer Entfernung von dem Trocknungsgut, noch im Transportgasstrom oder jenseits des Transportgasstromes, wieder zu. In jedem Fall führt die messerartige Wirkung zu einer höheren Netto-Austrittsrate von Feuchteteilchen aus dem Trocknungsgut, d.h. sie verhindert eine nennenswerte Rückdiffusion der Feuchteteilchen in das Trocknungsgut.Particularly preferred is an embodiment in which the gap width of the gas passage gap is between 2 and 15 mm, in particular between 5 and 10 mm. In combination with a flat angle of incidence of the transport gas flow on the separated moisture component or on the surface of the material to be dried arises in such a narrow gas passage gap in particular the knife-like effect. The separated moisture particles are thus removed from the surface of the material to be dried. In particular, the transport gas forms over the entire length of the drying zone in the conveying direction or opposite to the conveying direction a flowing separating layer between the material to be dried and already separated moist particles. In certain embodiments, therefore, as seen from the surface of the material to be dried, at least in the vicinity of the gas passage gap, the particle density of the moisture particles first decreases and increases again at a greater distance from the Trocknungsgut, still in the transport gas flow or beyond the Transportgasstromes. In any case, the knife-like action results in a higher net discharge rate of moisture particles from the drying stock, i. it prevents significant back-diffusion of the moisture particles into the material to be dried.

Bevorzugt wird eine Ausgestaltung der Vorrichtung, bei der die Strahlungsquelle eine Glühlampe, insbesondere eine Halogen-Glühlampe ist. Halogen-Glühlampen können kostengünstig im Handel erworben werden. Ihre Emissionstemperatur ist durch Einstellen des Glühstromes auf verschiedene Anwendungen anpaßbar. Günstigerweise sind Lampenreflektoren bzw. Reflektoren im Bereich der Lampe vorgesehen, so daß die von der Lampe emittierte Strahlung möglichst vollständig in der Trocknungszone einfälft. Durch Formgebung und Anordnung der Lampenreflektoren kann auch die räumliche Verteilung des Strahlungsflusses über die Trocknungszone eingestellt werden.An embodiment of the device is preferred in which the radiation source is an incandescent lamp, in particular a halogen incandescent lamp. Halogen bulbs can be purchased inexpensively in the trade. Their emission temperature is adjustable by adjusting the glow current to various applications. Conveniently, lamp reflectors or reflectors are provided in the region of the lamp, so that the radiation emitted by the lamp fills as completely as possible in the drying zone. By shaping and arrangement of the lamp reflectors and the spatial distribution of the radiation flux can be adjusted via the drying zone.

Vorzugsweise wird ein Reflektor zum Reflektieren von durch das Trägermaterial hindurchtretender, nicht absorbierter Strahlung vorgesehen, der auf der der Strahlungsquelle gegenüberliegenden Seite des Förderweges angeordnet ist. Insbesondere ist an dem Reflektor eine Wasserkühlung vorgesehen.Preferably, a reflector is provided for reflecting unabsorbed radiation passing through the carrier material, which is arranged on the side of the conveying path opposite the radiation source. In particular, a water cooling is provided on the reflector.

Um die Temperaturverhältnisse in der Trocknungszone und in Förderrichtung hinter der Trocknungszone kontrollieren zu können, weist die Vorrichtung vorzugsweise einen Regelkreis zum Regeln der Temperatur des Trocknungsgutes und/oder der Temperatur der abgetrennten Feuchtkomponente und/oder derTemperatur des Trägermaterials auf. Der Regelkreis umfaßt ein Pyrometer zum Messen der zu regelnden Temperatur, ein Stromstellglied zum Einstellen des Glühstromes der Glühlampe und einen Stromregler, der das Stellglied in Abhängigkeit vom Temperaturmeßwert des Pyrometers betätigt, um den Glühstrom einzustellen.In order to be able to control the temperature conditions in the drying zone and in the conveying direction behind the drying zone, the apparatus preferably has a control circuit for regulating the temperature of the material to be dried and / or the temperature of the separated moisture component and / or the temperature of the carrier material. The control circuit comprises a pyrometer for measuring the temperature to be controlled, a current actuator for adjusting the incandescent lamp current and a current regulator which actuates the actuator in dependence on the temperature reading of the pyrometer to adjust the glow current.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich zu der Kombination aus Stromstellglied und Stromregler weist die Vorrichtung ein Abstandsstellglied zum Einstellen des Abstandes der Strahlungsquelle vom Förderweg des Trägermaterials und einen Abstandsregler auf, der das Stellglied in Abhängigkeit vom Temperaturmeßwert des Pyrometers betätigt, um den Abstand der Strahlungsquelle einzustellen.Alternatively, or in addition to the combination of current actuator and current regulator, the device comprises a distance actuator for adjusting the distance of the radiation source from the conveying path of the carrier material and a distance controller which controls the actuator operated in response to the Temperaturmeßwert the pyrometer to adjust the distance of the radiation source.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Zeichnung beispielhaft erläutert. Sie ist jedoch nicht auf die gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt. Die einzelnen Figuren der Zeichnung zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Querschnitt durch ein Trägermaterial, das an seiner Oberfläche ein Trocknungsgut trägt,
Fig. 2
ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Trocknungsvorrichtung in perspektivischer Darstellung.
The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the drawing. However, it is not limited to the embodiments shown. The individual figures of the drawing show:
Fig. 1
a cross section through a carrier material which carries a Trocknungsgut on its surface,
Fig. 2
An embodiment of the drying device according to the invention in a perspective view.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein Trägermaterial, das aus Papier 1 besteht und an seiner Oberfläche eine Schicht feuchter Druckfarbe 2 trägt. Das Papier 1 wird in der gewählten Darstellung nach rechts transportiett, wie durch einen Pfeil in Transportrichtung R verdeutlicht ist. Auf die Druckfarbe 2 trifft Infrarotstrahlung 4, die teilweise von dem Lösungsmittel wasser absorbiert wird, das bei hohem Prozentsatz, beispielsweise 90%, in der Druckfarbe 2 enthalten ist. Es bildet sich somit in Förderrichtung in oder hinter der Zone, in der die Infrarotstrahlung 4 auftrifft, eine dünne Grenzschicht von Wasserdampf 3, die aus den aus der Druckfarbe 2 herausgeschlagenen Teilchen besteht. Der Wasserdampf 3 behindert die weitere Trocknung der Druckfarbe, wie durch den rechten, nach unten weisenden Pfeil schematisch angedeutet ist. Dabei spielen zumindest zwei Prozesse eine Rolle: Das dynamische Gleichgewicht zwischen in die Druckfarbe 2 eintretenden und aus dieser austretenden Wasserteilchen sowie die Absorption von Strahlung in der Wasserdampfschicht.Fig. 1 shows a carrier material consisting of paper 1 and on its surface a layer of wet ink 2 carries. The paper 1 is transported to the right in the selected representation, as illustrated by an arrow in the direction of transport R. The ink 2 is hit by infrared radiation 4, which is partially absorbed by the solvent water, which is contained in the printing ink 2 at a high percentage, for example 90%. It thus forms in the conveying direction in or behind the zone in which the infrared radiation 4 impinges, a thin boundary layer of water vapor 3, which consists of the ejected from the ink 2 particles. The water vapor 3 impedes the further drying of the printing ink, as indicated schematically by the right-hand arrow pointing downwards. At least two processes play a role: the dynamic equilibrium between water particles entering and leaving the printing ink 2 and the absorption of radiation in the water vapor layer.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung 8 zum Trocknen von feuchter, wasserhaltiger Druckfarbe 2 an der Oberfläche einer schnell geförderten Papierbahn 1, insbesondere einer bedruckten Zeitungspapierbahn. Die Papierbahn 1 wird mit einer Geschwindigkeit von etwa 15 m/s gefördert. Wie aus dem Doppelpfeil in Förderrichtung R ersichtlich ist, kann das Papier entweder von rechts nach links oder von links nach rechts gefördert werden, wobei jedoch während eines bestimmten Trocknungsprozesses die Papierbahn nur in eine Richtung gefördert wird. Für die weitere Beschreibung sei angenommen, daß das Papier in der in Fig. 2 gewählten Darstellung von links nach rechts gefördert wird. Die Anordnung der Druckluftführung 14 wäre jedoch für den Fall, daß das Papier von rechts nach links gefördert würde, die gleiche. Gegenüber der Darstellung von Fig. 2 wäre lediglich ein Pyrometer 11 (Funktion wird unten beschrieben) in Förderrichtung hinter der Druckluftführung 14, d. h. links von dieser vorzusehen.FIG. 2 shows an apparatus 8 according to the invention for drying moist, water-containing printing ink 2 on the surface of a rapidly conveyed paper web 1, in particular a printed newsprint web. The paper web 1 is conveyed at a speed of about 15 m / s. As can be seen from the double arrow in the conveying direction R, the paper can be conveyed either from right to left or from left to right, but during a certain drying process, the paper web is conveyed in one direction only. For the further description, it is assumed that the paper is conveyed in the selected in Fig. 2 representation from left to right. However, the arrangement of the compressed air guide 14 would be the same in the event that the paper would be conveyed from right to left. Compared to the representation of FIG. 2, only a pyrometer 11 (function will be described below) in the conveying direction behind the compressed air guide 14, d. H. to the left of this.

Entlang dem Förderweg der Papierbahn 1 liegt eine Trocknungszone T, in der von Halogenlinienstrahlern 10 emittierte Strahlung auf die Druckfarbe 2 auftrifft, deren energiereichste Anteile im wesentlichen Infrarotstrahlung 4 sind. Insbesondere kann zwischen den Halogenlinienstrahlern 10 und dem Trocknungsgut ein nicht gezeigter Spektralfilter angeordnet sein.Along the conveying path of the paper web 1 lies a drying zone T, in which radiation emitted by halogen line radiators 10 impinges on the printing ink 2, whose most energy-rich components are essentially infrared radiation 4. In particular, a spectral filter, not shown, can be arranged between the halo-line radiators 10 and the material to be dried.

Ein Teil der Infrarotstrahlung 4 wird, entsprechend dem Absorptionsgrad der Feuchtkomponente in der Druckfarbe 2 und entsprechend dem Absorptionsgrad der Papierbahn 1, nicht absorbiert, sondern durchtritt die Papierbahn 1 und trifft auf einen Infrarot-Reflektor 20, der unterhalb der Papierbahn 1 angeordnet ist. Wie durch einen Pfeil angedeutet ist, reflektiert der Infrarot-Reflektor 20 auf ihn auf auftreffende Infrarotstrahlung, so daß diese reflektierte Strahlung 5 auf die Papierbahn 1 zurückgeworfen wird. Ein Teil der reflektierten Strahlung 5 erreicht das Trocknungsgut 2 und wird dort, hauptsächlich von den Wasserbestandteilen der Druckfarbe 2 absorbiert.A portion of the infrared radiation 4, according to the degree of absorption of the moisture component in the ink 2 and according to the degree of absorption of the paper web 1, not absorbed, but passes through the paper web 1 and meets an infrared reflector 20 which is disposed below the paper web 1. As indicated by an arrow, the infrared reflector 20 is incident on it to impinging infrared radiation, so that this reflected radiation 5 is reflected back onto the paper web 1. Part of the reflected radiation 5 reaches the drying material 2 and is absorbed there, mainly by the water constituents of the printing ink 2.

Durch einen Druckluftanschluß 12 der Druckluftführung 14 wird Druckluft in ein sich über die gesamte Breite des Förderweges der Papierbahn 1 erstrekkendes Verteilerrohr 15 zugeführt. Das Verteilerrohr 15 ist an dervorderen Stimseite aufgeschnitten dargestellt, um sein Profil erkennbar zu machen. Tatsächlich ist das Verteilerrohr 15 jedoch seitlich geschlossen. Aus dem Verteilerrohr 15 tritt die Druckluft durch eine sich über die gesamte Breite des Förderweges erstreckende Austrittsöffnung 16 aus. Auf dem Weg dorthin wird die Druckluft zunächst entgegengesetzt zur Förderrichtung und dann etwa rechtwinklig abknickend durch einen Querführungsabschnitt in Richtung auf die Papierbahn 1 geleitet. In dem Querführungsabschnitt setzt eine Führungsfläche 17 an, die sich ebenfalls über die gesamte Breite des Förderweges erstreckt. Entlang der Führungsfläche 17 strömt die Luft durch einen Durchtrittsspalt 18 in die Trocknungszone T. Die Führungsfläche 17 und die Papierbahn 1 definieren einen sich in Druckluft-Strömungsrichtung verjüngenden Zwischenraum, in dem die Druckluft strömt. Die Führungsfläche 17 und die von der Umlenkrolle 7 kommende, in gerader Richtung geförderte Papierbahn 1 schließen einen Winkel α von etwa 10° miteinander ein. Die Spaltbreite des sich über die gesamte Breite des Förderweges erstrekkenden Durchtrittsspaltes 18 beträgt etwa 7 mm. Die durch die Druckluftführung 14 zugeführte Luft strömt mit einer Geschwindigkeit von etwa 35 m/s durch den Durchtrittsspalt 18 in die Trocknungszone T. Über die gesamte Trocknungszone T verteilt werden Wasserdampfteilchen von dem Luftstrom D abtransportiert, die durch die Infrarotstrahlung 4 aus der Druckfarbe 2 herausgeschlagen worden sind. Strömungspfade des Luftstromes D sind durch zahlreiche leicht nach oben gerichtete, gekrümmte Pfeile in Fig. 2 dargestellt.By a compressed air connection 12 of the compressed air guide 14 compressed air is supplied in a over the entire width of the conveying path of the paper web 1 erstrekkendes manifold 15. The manifold 15 is shown cut open at the front of the front to make his profile recognizable. In fact, however, the manifold 15 is laterally closed. From the manifold 15, the compressed air exits through an over the entire width of the conveying path extending outlet opening 16. On the way there, the compressed air is initially directed opposite to the conveying direction and then approximately at right angles kinking through a transverse guide portion in the direction of the paper web 1. In the transverse guide portion sets a guide surface 17, which also extends over the entire width of the conveying path. Along the guide surface 17, the air flows through a passage gap 18 in the drying zone T. The guide surface 17 and the paper web 1 define a narrowing in the compressed air flow direction gap in which the compressed air flows. The guide surface 17 and coming from the guide roller 7, in a straight direction funded paper web 1 form an angle α of about 10 ° with each other. The gap width of the over the entire width of the conveying path erstrekkenden passage gap 18 is about 7 mm. The supplied through the compressed air guide 14 air flows at a rate of about 35 m / s through the passage gap 18 in the drying zone T. Distributed over the entire drying zone T water vapor particles are transported away from the air flow D, which knocked out of the ink 2 by the infrared radiation 4 have been. Flow paths of the airflow D are represented by numerous, slightly upwardly directed, curved arrows in FIG.

Auf eine Stelle des Förderweges der Papierbahn 1, die in Förderrichtung hinterderTrocknungszone T liegt, ist ein Pyrometer 11 gerichtet. Das Pyrometer 11 nimmt somit durch Strahlungsmessung die Temperatur der von der Papierbahn 11 getragenen Oberflächenschicht auf, die im wesentlichen aus bereits getrockneter Druckfarbe 2 besteht. Der Temperatur-Meßwert wird einem Regler (nicht gezeigt) zugeführt. Der Regler, beispielsweise ein Pl- oder ein PID-Regler, gibt daraufhin ein Regelsignal aus, das von zwei Stellgliedern empfangen werden kann. Ein Stromstellglied, das der kurzfristigen, reaktionsschnellen Anpassung des Glühstromes der Halogenlinienstrahler 10 dient, wird von dem Regler angesteuert, wenn eine meist geringfügige, reaktionsschnelle Anpassung der Strahlungsflußdichte erforderlich ist. Befindet sich der Temperatur-Meßwert des Pyrometers 11 am Rande eines vorgegebenen Regelbereiches, der durch die Stromregelung abdeckbar ist, wird ein Abstandsstellglied angesteuert, um den Abstand der Strahlungsquelle 10 vom Förderweg der Papierbahn 1 zu verändem. Diese im Vergleich zur Stromregelung langsame Abstandsregelung erweitert den Gesamtregelbereich, indem sie den relativ schmalen Stromregelbereich für einen großen Temperatur- bzw. Strahlungsflußdichte-Bereich nutzbar macht. Somit ist die kurzfristige Veränderung der Strahlungsflußdichte der in der Trocknungszone auftreffenden Strahlungsleistung und damit eine Regelung der Temperatur mit geringer Trägheit in dem gesamten Regelbereich der Abstandsregelung möglich.At a position of the conveying path of the paper web 1, which lies in the conveying direction behind the drying zone T, a pyrometer 11 is directed. The pyrometer 11 thus takes by radiation measurement, the temperature of the surface 11 carried by the paper web surface layer on, which consists essentially of already dried ink 2. The temperature reading is fed to a controller (not shown). The controller, for example a Pl or PID controller, then outputs a control signal that can be received by two actuators. A current actuator, which serves the short-term, responsive adjustment of the glow current of the halogen halide emitters 10, is controlled by the controller, if a mostly minor, responsive adjustment of the Strahlungsflußdichte is required. If the temperature measured value of the pyrometer 11 is at the edge of a predetermined control range which can be covered by the current control, a distance control element is actuated in order to change the distance of the radiation source 10 from the conveying path of the paper web 1. This slow pitch control, compared to current control, extends the overall control range by harnessing the relatively narrow current control range for a wide range of temperature or radiant flux density. Thus, the short-term change in the Strahlungsflußdichte the incident in the drying zone radiation power and thus a control of the temperature with low inertia in the entire control range of the distance control is possible.

Vorzugsweise wird in den Druckluftanschluß 12 Druckluft mit geringer Restfeuchte eingeleitet, die durch die anschließende Expansion in dem Verteilerrohr und/oder nach dem Ausströmen aus dem Verteilerrohr 15 5 abgekühltwird. Es wird somit trockene, kalte Luft in die Trocknungszone T geleitet. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß einerseits der Abtransport der Feuchtkomponente aus der Trocknungszone T verbessert wird und andererseits die Temperatur der Druckfarbe 2 und damit auch die Temperatur der Papierbahn 1 gering gehalten werden kann. Insbesondere ist es möglich, die Temperatur der Papierbahn 1 unter 50°C zu halten, wobei die Papierbahn 1 mit einer Fördergeschwindigkeit von etwa 5 m/s gefördert wird und die Luftgeschwindigkeit am Durchtrittsspalt 18 etwas 35 m/s beträgt. Die erfindungsgemäße Trocknungsvorrichtung kann insbesondere auch bei Vorrichtungen zum Erstellen blattartiger Druckerzeugnisse, beispielsweise Prospekt-, Zeitschriften- oder Zeichnungsblätter, eingesetzt werden, die das zu bedruckende Ausgangsmaterial mittels einer Unterdruck-Transporteinrichtung fördern. Weiterhin sind das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit Vorteil bei Druckvorrichtungen einsetzbar, die individualisierte Druckerzeugnisse herstellen, beispielsweise Fahrscheine mit fortlaufenden Nummern oder aufeinanderfolgende Blätter oder Papierbahnabschnitte mit individuellem Bar-Code. Solche Anlagen verfügen häufig über Tintenstrahldrukker, insbesondere mit einer Druckauflösungvon 240 dpi oder besser. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung i bzw. dem Verfahren sind beispielsweise Druckieistungen von 54.000 DIN A4 Blättern pro Stunde möglich.Preferably, compressed air of low residual moisture is introduced into the compressed air port 12, which is cooled by the subsequent expansion in the manifold and / or after flowing out of the manifold 15 5. Dry, cold air is thus conducted into the drying zone T. This has the advantage that on the one hand the removal of the moisture component from the drying zone T is improved and on the other hand, the temperature of the ink 2 and thus the temperature of the paper web 1 can be kept low. In particular, it is possible to keep the temperature of the paper web 1 below 50 ° C, wherein the paper web 1 is conveyed at a conveying speed of about 5 m / s and the air velocity at the passage gap 18 is about 35 m / s. The drying device according to the invention can also be used, in particular, in devices for producing sheet-like printed products, for example brochures, magazine or drawing sheets, which convey the starting material to be printed by means of a vacuum conveying device. Furthermore, the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention can be advantageously used in printing devices which produce individualized printed products, for example, tickets with consecutive numbers or successive sheets or paper web sections with individual bar codes. Such systems often have inkjet printers, especially with a print resolution of 240 dpi or better. With the device i or the method according to the invention, for example, printing outputs of 54,000 A4 sheets per hour are possible.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Papierbahnpaper web
22
Druckfarbeprinting ink
33
WasserdampfSteam
44
Infrarotstrahlunginfrared radiation
55
reflektierte Strahlungreflected radiation
77
Umlenkrolleidler pulley
88th
Trocknerdryer
1010
HalogenlinienstrahlerHalogen line source
1111
Pyrometerpyrometer
1212
DruckluftanschlußCompressed air connection
1414
DruckluftführungCompressed air supply
1515
verteilerrohrdistributor pipe
1616
Austrittsöffnungoutlet opening
1717
Führungsflächeguide surface
1818
DurchtrittsspaltPassage gap
2020
Infrarot-ReflektorInfrared reflector
DD
Luftstromairflow
RR
Transportrichtungtransport direction
TT
Trocknungszonedrying zone
αα
FührungsflächenwinkelGuide surface angle

Claims (25)

  1. Method of drying a substance (1, 2) that is rapidly conveyed in a conveyor direction, in particular drying layers of printing ink on rapidly conveyed paper, wherein
    - in a drying zone (T) by means of incident electromagnetic radiation, in particular infrared radiation, a moisture component, in particular a solvent, is separated from the substance (2) to be dried and
    - the separated moisture component (3) is transported away from the drying zone (T) by means of a transport gas flow (D),
    characterized in that
    the electromagnetic radiation is adapted to the absorption properties of the moisture component such that the radiation energy is specifically introduced as excitation energy for particles of the moisture component and is absorbed essentially only by the moisture component and the transport gas flow (D) is formed from expanded comprissed air.
  2. Method according to Claim 1,
    wherein the transport gas flow (D) within a region transverse to the conveyor direction flows into the drying zone from a direction that encloses an angle of 60 to 90° with the perpendicular to the surface of the substance to be dried (1, 2), preferably about 80°, and strikes the substance like a knife.
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2,
    wherein the temperature of the transport gas current (D), at least before it encounters the moisture component, is lower than the temperature of the substance (2) to be dried.
  4. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 3,
    wherein the incident electromagnetic radiation (4) has a spectral intensity maximum in the near infrared, in particular in the wavelength range from 0.8 to 2.0 µm.
  5. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 4,
    wherein the transport gas flow (D) after leaving the drying zone (T) flows to the source (10) of the electromagnetic radiation in order to cool it.
  6. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 5,
    wherein the temperature of the dried substance (2) and/or the temperature of the separated moisture component (3) and/or the temperature of the carrier material is controlled by adjusting the flux density of the electromagnetic radiation (4) incident in the drying zone (T).
  7. Method according to Claim 5,
    wherein the temperature to be controlled is measured by means of a pyrometer (11).
  8. Method according to Claim 5 or 6,
    wherein as source (10) of the electromagnetic radiation an electrical incandescent bulb is used, in particular a halogen bulb, and wherein to adjust the radiation flux density the current supply to the filament of the incandescent bulb is adjusted.
  9. Method according to one of the claims 5 to 8,
    wherein to adjust the radiation flux density the distance of the radiation source (10) from the drying zone (T) is adjusted.
  10. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 9,
    wherein components (5) of the electromagnetic radiation (4) that are not absorbed but rather pass through the substance (2) to be dried are reflected back onto said substance.
  11. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 9,
    wherein the carrier material (1) is paper, which is conveyed with a conveyor velocity between 2 and 25 m/s.
  12. Method according to Claim 11,
    wherein the paper is newsprint, which is conveyed with a conveyor velocity between 10 and 20 m/s, in particular about 15 m/s.
  13. Method according to Claim 11,
    wherein the paper is thermoprinting paper, which is conveyed with a conveyor velocity between 2 and 10 m/s, in particular about 5 m/s.
  14. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 13,
    wherein the temperature of the carrier material (1), in particular the thermoprinting paper, is adjusted and/or regulated to a value below 70°C, in particular below 50°C.
  15. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 14,
    wherein the velocity at which the transport gas flow (D) strikes the particles of the separated moisture component (3) that are to be transported away, and carries them with it, is between 20 and 120 m/s, in particular 30 to 40 m/s.
  16. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 15,
    wherein the transport gas current (D) directly strikes the surface of the substance (2) to be dried in such a way that a surface layer formed by the separated moisture component (3) thereof is lifted up from the substance as though by a knife.
  17. Apparatus (8) for drying a substance (1, 2) that is rapidly conveyed in a conveyor direction, in particular for drying layers of printing ink on rapidly conveyed paper, with
    - a radiation source (10) to generate electromagnetic radiation (4), in particular infrared radiation,
    - a transport-gas inlet (12) through which transport gas is introduced, and
    - a transport-gas conduit (14) that at least in parts extends transverse to the conveyor direction, which is so constructed and disposed that transport gas introduced through the transport-gas inlet (12) is guided into the drying zone (T) and strikes the substance to be dried like a knife, so as to transport the separated moisture component (3) away from the substance (2) to be dried
    characterized in that
    the radiation source (10) is so disposed such that at least part of the electromagnetic radiation (4) is incident on the substance (2) to be dried within a drying zone (T) on the conveyor path of the carrier material (1), in order to be introduced specifically as excitation energy for particles of the moisture component, in particular a solvent, whereby the moisture component is separable from the substance to be dried, wherein the electromagnetic radiation is adapted to the absorption properties of the moisture component such that the radiation energy is absorbed essentially only by the moisture component, and that the transport-gas stream (D) is formed in a compressed-air distributor (15), extending orthogonally to the conveyer direction, from expanded compressed air.
  18. Apparatus according to Claim 17,
    wherein the transport-gas supply (12) is a compressed-air supply and wherein the transport-gas conduit (14) comprises a compressed-air distributor (15), in particular a distributor pipe, to distribute the compressed air flowing into the compressed-air inlet (12) substantially over the entire width of the conveyor path.
  19. Apparatus according to Claim 18,
    wherein the compressed-air distributor (15) has an outlet opening (16), for the compressed air to be guided into the drying zone (T), that extends substantially over the entire width of the conveyor path.
  20. Apparatus according to one of the claims 17 to 19,
    wherein the transport-gas conduit (14) comprises a guide surface (17) that extends approximately along the conveyor path of the substance to be dried, is separated from the conveyor path by a distance that gradually becomes smaller in the gas-flow direction, and ends at a gas-passage gap (18) that is defined by the guide surface (17) and the substance (2) to be dried.
  21. Apparatus according to Claim 20,
    wherein the separation between guide surface and substance to be dried at the gas-passage gap (18) is between 2 and 15 mm, in particular between 5 and 10 mm.
  22. Apparatus according to one of the claims 17 to 21,
    wherein the radiation source (10) is an incandescent bulb, in particular a halogen incandescent bulb.
  23. Apparatus according to Claim 22,
    with a control circuit to regulate the temperature of the substance (2) to be dried and/or the temperature of the separated moisture component (3) and/or the temperature of the carrier material (1), which comprises the following:
    - a pyrometer (11) to measure the temperature to be regulated,
    - a current actuator to adjust the current to the filament of the incandescent bulb, and
    - a current controller that actuates the final control element according to the temperature measured by the pyrometer (11), in order to adjust the filament current.
  24. Apparatus according to one of the claims 17 to 23,
    with a control circuit to regulate the temperature of the substance (2) to be dried and/or the temperature of the separated moisture component (3) and/or the temperature of the carrier material (1), which comprises the following:
    - a pyrometer (11) to measure the temperature to be regulated,
    - a distance actuator to adjust the distance separating the radiation source (10) from the conveyor path of the carrier material (1), and
    - a distance controller that actuates the final control element according to the temperature measured by the pyrometer (11), in order to adjust the distance of the radiation source.
  25. Apparatus according to one of the claims 17 to 24,
    with a reflector (20), in particular one that is water-cooled, to reflect radiation that passes through the carrier material (1) without being absorbed,
    wherein the reflector (20) is disposed on the side of the conveyor path opposite the radiation source (10).
EP99910235A 1998-02-23 1999-02-18 Method and device for drying a rapidly conveyed product to be dried, especially for drying printing ink Expired - Lifetime EP1058805B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19807643 1998-02-23
DE19807643A DE19807643C2 (en) 1998-02-23 1998-02-23 Method and device for drying a material to be dried on the surface of a rapidly conveyed carrier material, in particular for drying printing inks
PCT/EP1999/001057 WO1999042774A1 (en) 1998-02-23 1999-02-18 Method and device for drying a rapidly conveyed product to be dried, especially for drying printing ink

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EP1058805B1 EP1058805B1 (en) 2003-05-07
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EP (1) EP1058805B2 (en)
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CA2330636A1 (en) 1999-08-26
CN1292080A (en) 2001-04-18
WO1999042774A1 (en) 1999-08-26
CZ20003007A3 (en) 2001-12-12
HUP0101524A2 (en) 2001-10-28
ES2199562T3 (en) 2004-02-16
US6401358B1 (en) 2002-06-11
HUP0101524A3 (en) 2002-02-28
DE59905454D1 (en) 2003-06-12
EP1058805B1 (en) 2003-05-07
KR20010041240A (en) 2001-05-15
JP2002504442A (en) 2002-02-12
JP4509378B2 (en) 2010-07-21
ATE239891T1 (en) 2003-05-15
KR100407504B1 (en) 2003-12-01
ES2199562T5 (en) 2007-04-16
EP1058805A1 (en) 2000-12-13
BR9908062A (en) 2000-10-31
AU2926899A (en) 1999-09-06
DE19807643C2 (en) 2000-01-05
DE19807643A1 (en) 1999-09-02

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