EP0268774B1 - Continuous veneer dryer - Google Patents

Continuous veneer dryer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0268774B1
EP0268774B1 EP87113900A EP87113900A EP0268774B1 EP 0268774 B1 EP0268774 B1 EP 0268774B1 EP 87113900 A EP87113900 A EP 87113900A EP 87113900 A EP87113900 A EP 87113900A EP 0268774 B1 EP0268774 B1 EP 0268774B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
dryer
moisture
fans
veneer
veneer sheets
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EP87113900A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0268774A2 (en
EP0268774A3 (en
Inventor
Friedrich Roos
Peter Brod
Wilfried Möller
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Grenzebach BSH GmbH
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Babcock BSH AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/22Controlling the drying process in dependence on liquid content of solid materials or objects
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/06Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
    • F26B21/12Velocity of flow; Quantity of flow, e.g. by varying fan speed, by modifying cross flow area
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2210/00Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2210/14Veneer, i.e. wood in thin sheets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a continuous dryer for veneer sheets according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • DE-PS 27 21 965 a control method is proposed in DE-PS 27 21 965, in which the local heat consumption is measured continuously in at least two fields by measuring the temperature drop in the circulating air flows. The measured values can be used to infer the occupancy density and the initial moisture and thus the total heat requirement.
  • the temperature and / or the throughput speed are calculated with the aid of a computer and the corresponding control signals for the heating register and / or the drive motor of the conveyor are generated.
  • DE-OS 31 21 348 proposes to control the speed of the fans in order to adapt to the determined heat requirement.
  • This dryer may be suitable for drying a material web whose initial moisture fluctuates within a certain tolerance range to constant final moisture.
  • Changing radiation density is not registered by the radiation measuring device and is therefore not compensated for.
  • the document does not take into account that the functional relationship between surface temperature and residual moisture is only valid below the fiber saturation point, which for most types of wood is between about 25 and 40%.
  • the object of the invention is to limit, in a continuous dryer of the type specified in the preamble of patent claim 1, the deviations in the final moisture content from the prescribed setpoint which are caused by interfering influences, to the permissible tolerance range.
  • the arrangement of the infrared transmitter at the dryer outlet has several advantages:
  • the strong fluctuations in the initial moisture are largely compensated for at this point due to the control on the input side, so that only minor deviations occur due to measurement inaccuracies and interference effects not recorded on the input side.
  • the moisture is certainly below the fiber saturation point, and sufficiently far so that there is a clear, evaluable relationship between surface temperature and moisture.
  • the closed control loop also indirectly takes into account non-directly measurable influences, such as different occupancy density, different thickness and different bulk density.
  • the correction of the final moisture can be gradually adapted to the size of the deviations that occur.
  • the feature of claim 3 prevents individual random outliers from triggering a switching operation. As a result of the averaging over several measured values in each case, a switchover takes place only when there is a tendency towards inadmissible deviations on several successive veneer sheets.
  • FIG. 1 shows a side view of a continuous dryer for veneers according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section along the line AA of FIG. 1 on a larger scale.
  • the continuous dryer shown in the drawing consists in the usual way of a number of rows 1 to 12 lined up. This is followed at a distance by a cooling area 13. Each area is equipped with a fan 14, nozzle internals 15 and a heating register 16. As is known, the nozzle internals cause the drying air to circulate in every field.
  • the fans 14 can be driven at two different speeds by means of pole-changing motors 17.
  • Exhaust air chimneys 18 are arranged in fields 2, 5 and 9 in the housing ceiling. Each exhaust air chimney is equipped with a flap 19 which is actuated by a controller.
  • the controller not shown in the drawing, is supplied as a controlled variable with a signal proportional to the air humidity, which is generated with the aid of an air humidity measuring device, also not shown.
  • a conveyor consisting of a carrier belt 20 and a cover belt 21, both made of wire mesh, extends over the entire length of the dryer including the cooling field 13.
  • two temperature sensors 22, 23 are attached so that one measures the temperature of the circulated air from its contact with the veneer sheets, the other thereafter.
  • Lines 24, 25 are led from the sensors 22, 23 to a control unit 26 which is equipped with a computer.
  • the computer evaluates the measured values by directly inferring the occupancy density of the conveyor and the initial moisture content of the veneer sheets passing through. From this, he calculates the required air volume flow for each field according to a specified function. In accordance with the values calculated in this way, it controls the motors 17 of the dryer section, which e.g. extends to field 8.
  • the motors of fields 9 to 12 of the dryer section on the outlet side are independent of control unit 26.
  • An infrared transducer 28 is arranged at the dryer outlet, between the last dryer field 12 and the cooling field 13. This essentially consists of a bolometer with a spectral sensitivity in the range between approximately 2 ⁇ and 12 ⁇ and an electronic converter that processes the output signal of the bolometer.
  • the infrared transducer 28 is controlled by a sensor 29, for example a light barrier, so that it is activated each time a veneer sheet passes.
  • the signal generated by the infrared transducer 28 is fed to a computer 30.
  • the continuous dryer according to the invention works as follows: The temperatures of the individual fields, as well as the air humidity and the belt speed, are preselected by hand or via a control device not belonging to the invention. This setting is made on the basis of empirical relationships, depending on the characteristic properties of the veneer sheets to be processed, in particular on the type of wood and the sheet thickness. With this basic setting, veneer sheets of medium moisture are dried to a desired final value with medium occupancy.
  • the fans in fields 1 to 4 run at high speed, the fans in fields 5 to 10 at low speed and the fans in fields 11 and 12 again at high speed. If the heat requirement changes as a result of a change in the occupancy density or as a result of a change in the initial moisture, the control unit 26 effects a corresponding adaptation of the heat supplied in the dryer section which comprises the fields 1 to 8. If there is an increased demand for heat, the fan in field 5 is first brought up to high speed, then in turn the fans in fields 6, 7 and 8, if necessary. On the other hand, if the heat requirement is reduced, the fans of fields 4, 3, 2, 1 are switched to low speed if necessary. If a further adjustment is required after switching over all available fans, the duration of treatment is changed by changing the throughput speed.
  • the control described aims to supply the veneer sheets along the entire drying path in fields 1 to 12 approximately the total amount of heat required to remove the water initially contained in the veneer, except for a remainder of e.g. Evaporate 3 to 7%.
  • This goal is usually achieved in the absence of interference, e.g. the fans in fields 9 and 10 run at low speed and the fans in fields 11 and 12 run at high speed.
  • the actual final moisture content of the emerging veneer sheets is measured with the infrared transmitter 28. If the average final moisture of several, e.g. three successive veneer sheets is outside the permissible range, the speed of the fan 10 is increased or the speed of the fan 11 is reduced, depending on the sign of the deviation. If necessary, the fan 9 or the fan 12 is then switched over.
  • controller 31 can additionally effect a change in the throughput speed and / or a warning signal can be triggered.
  • the controller already largely compensates for the initially strong fluctuations.
  • the effect of the invention does not depend on the fact that the heat requirement is determined by the method which is described in connection with the embodiment.
  • This method is generally very advantageous when the occupancy density and initial moisture fluctuate greatly. But if e.g. Veneer sheets of a uniform size, e.g. Formatted peeled veneers, which are fed to the conveyor at the same cycle, the occupancy density is constant. In this case, the occupancy density can be taken into account in the basic setting, and it is sufficient to determine the heat requirement by measuring the drop in temperature of the circulating air flow in a single field which is approximately in the middle of the dryer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a continuous dryer for veneer. In addition to temperature sensors near the inlet and middle zones to determine heat demand and to control heat input in these zones, the dryer also has an infrared detector at the exit end to determine surface temperature and thus to determine residual moisture of the veneer. The signal from this infrared detector is processed to give a control signal for blowers in the drying zones near the exit. By this means, more precise and reliable control in final moisture is achieved. Variations in dryer load, initial moisture, wood density, and sheet thickness can be better tolerated.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Durchlauftrockner für Furnierblätter gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a continuous dryer for veneer sheets according to the preamble of claim 1.

Bei der Trocknung von Furnierblättern im Durchlaufverfahren tritt ein spezifisches Problem auf, das in diesem Maße in kaum einem anderen Gebiet der Trocknungstechnik vorzufinden ist: Zwei Faktoren, die für die zu verdampfende Wassermenge bestimmend sind, nämlich die Anfangsfeuchte der Furnierblätter und die Belegungsdichte des Förderers, sind sehr starken Schwankungen unterworfen. Dementsprechend muß die Trocknungsleistung in einem weiten Bereich variiert werden, um sie dem schwankenden Bedarf ständig anzupassen.When drying veneer sheets in a continuous process, there is a specific problem that is hardly to be found in any other area of drying technology: two factors that determine the amount of water to be evaporated, namely the initial moisture of the veneer sheets and the occupancy density of the conveyor, are subject to very strong fluctuations. Accordingly, the drying performance must be varied over a wide range in order to constantly adapt to the fluctuating needs.

Zur Lösung dieses Problems wird in der DE-PS 27 21 965 ein Steuerverfahren vorgeschlagen, bei dem fortlaufend in mindestens zwei Feldern durch Messung des Temperaturabfalls der Umluftströme der lokale Wärmeverbrauch gemessen wird. Aus den Meßwerten läßt sich auf die Belegungsdichte und die Anfangsfeuchte und somit auf den Gesamtwärmebedarf schließen.To solve this problem, a control method is proposed in DE-PS 27 21 965, in which the local heat consumption is measured continuously in at least two fields by measuring the temperature drop in the circulating air flows. The measured values can be used to infer the occupancy density and the initial moisture and thus the total heat requirement.

Mit Hilfe eines Rechners werden die Temperatur- und/oder die Durchlaufgeschwindigkeit berechnet und die entsprechenden Stellsignale für die Heizregister und/oder den Antriebsmotor der Fördereinrichtung erzeugt.The temperature and / or the throughput speed are calculated with the aid of a computer and the corresponding control signals for the heating register and / or the drive motor of the conveyor are generated.

Da die Temperatur je nach Holzart nur in engen Grenzen variiert werden kann und da Temperaturänderungen wegen der großen Wärmeträgheit der Apparaturen naturgemäß sehr langsam verlaufen, kommt eine Steuerung der Temperatur in der Praxis nur als Grundeinstellung in Betracht. Eine Steuerung der Fördergeschwindigkeit hat großen Einfluß auf den Gesamtausstoß des Werkes und kann bei kontinuierlichen Furnierstraßen nur in Anpassung mit den vor- und nachgeschalteten Stationen erfolgen. Daher ist man bestrebt, unnötige Änderungen der Fördergeschwindigkeit zu vermeiden. Aus diesen Gründen schlägt die DE-OS 31 21 348 vor, zwecks Anpassung an den ermittelten Wärmebedarf die Drehzahl der Ventilatoren zu steuern.Since the temperature can only be varied within narrow limits, depending on the type of wood, and since temperature changes are very slow due to the high thermal inertia of the equipment, control of the temperature is only considered as a basic setting in practice. Controlling the conveying speed has a great influence on the total output of the plant and can only be done with continuous veneer lines in adaptation with the upstream and downstream stations. Therefore, efforts are made to avoid unnecessary changes in the conveying speed. For these reasons, DE-OS 31 21 348 proposes to control the speed of the fans in order to adapt to the determined heat requirement.

Mit den erwähnten Verfahren gelingt es auch bei starken Schwankungen der Anfangsfeuchte und Belegungsdichte, die Endfeuchte in einem kleinen Toleranzbereich zu halten. Gelegentlich zeigen sich aber unzulässige Abweichungen von der gewünschten Endfeuchte infolge von Störeinflüssen. Einer dieser Störeinflüsse besteht z.B. darin, daß die Dicke der Furnierblätter innerhalb eines gewissen Toleranzbereichs schwankt. Diese Dickenunterschiede beeinflussen nicht nur die zu verdampfende Wassermenge, sondern wirken sich durch Verlängerung oder Verkürzung der Diffusionswege auch auf das Trocknungsverhalten aus. Erfahrungsgemäß bedingt z.B. eine Vergrößerung der Dicke von 10 % eine Verlängerung der Trocknungszeit von fast 20 %.With the methods mentioned, even with strong fluctuations in the initial moisture and occupancy density, it is possible to keep the final moisture within a small tolerance range. Occasionally, however, there are inadmissible deviations from the desired final moisture due to interference. One of these disturbing influences is, for example, that the thickness of the veneer sheets fluctuates within a certain tolerance range. These differences in thickness not only influence the amount of water to be evaporated, but also affect the drying behavior by lengthening or shortening the diffusion paths. Experience has shown that, for example, an increase in the thickness of 10% requires an extension of the drying time of almost 20%.

Da die toleranzbedingten Dickenunterschiede meßtechnisch nicht erfaßt werden und auch kaum erfaßbar sind, bewirken sie Abweichungen der Endfeuchte von vorausberechneten Wert. Ein anderer Störeinfluß ist die unterschiedliche Rohdichte, die ebenfalls zu praktisch unvermeidbaren Abweichungen der Endfeuchte vom Sollwert führt.Since the tolerance-related differences in thickness are not recorded by measurement and are also barely detectable, they cause the final moisture to deviate from the calculated value. Another disruptive influence is the different bulk density, which also leads to practically unavoidable deviations of the final moisture from the target value.

Durch die US-PS 33 50 789 ist es bekannt, aus der von der Oberfläche eines dünnen, porösen Gutes, z.B. eines Furnierblattes, ausgehenden Wärmestrahlung unter Berücksichtigung der Trocknungsbedingungen mittels einer empirisch zu ermittelnden Formel auf die Feuchte zu schließen. Unter anderem wird auch ein Trockner für bahnförmiges Gut beschrieben, der aus zwei hintereinander geschalteten Abschnitten besteht. Im ersten Abschnitt werden Temperatur und Gasgeschwindigkeit konstant gehalten. Ein Strahlungsmeßgerät ist am Ende des ersten Abschnitts angebracht. Der Meßwert wird mit einem Sollwert verglichen, und die Differenz dient als Steuersignal für die Heizung und/oder die Ventilatoren des zweiten Abschnitts.From US-PS 33 50 789 it is known from the surface of a thin, porous material, e.g. of a veneer sheet, inferred heat radiation taking into account the drying conditions by means of an empirically determined formula on the moisture. Among other things, a dryer for sheet-like material is described, which consists of two sections connected in series. In the first section, the temperature and gas velocity are kept constant. A radiation meter is attached to the end of the first section. The measured value is compared with a target value, and the difference serves as a control signal for the heating and / or the fans of the second section.

Dieser Trockner ist möglicherweise geeignet, eine Materialbahn, deren Anfangsfeuchte innerhalb eines gewissen Toleranzbereichs schwankt, auf konstante Endfeuchte zu trocknen. Es dürfte aber in der Regel kaum möglich sein, den Feuchtegehalt von Furnierblättern unter konstanten Trocknungsbedingungen im ersten Abschnitt einem gemeinsamen Sollwert soweit anzunähern, daß die am Ende des ersten Abschnitts verbleibenden Unterschiede durch die vorgesehene Steuerung in der zweiten Zone ausgeglichen werden können. Wechselnde Belegungsdichte wird von dem Strahlungsmeßgerät nicht registriert und daher auch nicht kompensiert. Insbesondere wird in der Schrift nicht berücksichtigt, daß der funktionale Zusammenhang zwischen Oberflächentemperatur und Restfeuchte nur unterhalb des Fasersättigungspunkts gültig ist, der bei den meisten Holzarten zwischen etwa 25 und 40 % liegt.This dryer may be suitable for drying a material web whose initial moisture fluctuates within a certain tolerance range to constant final moisture. However, it should hardly be possible to approach the moisture content of veneer sheets under constant drying conditions in the first section to a common setpoint to such an extent that the differences remaining at the end of the first section can be compensated for by the control provided in the second zone. Changing radiation density is not registered by the radiation measuring device and is therefore not compensated for. In particular, the document does not take into account that the functional relationship between surface temperature and residual moisture is only valid below the fiber saturation point, which for most types of wood is between about 25 and 40%.

Würde man die vorbekannte Anordnung zum Trocknen von Furnierblättern verwenden, so wäre nicht ohne weiteres gewährleistet, daß am Ende der ersten Zone alle Furnierblätter - ohne Rücksicht auf Anfangsfeuchte und Belegungsdichte - den Fasersättigungspunkt erreicht haben. Oberhalb des Fasersättigungspunktes ist die Materialtemperatur aber nahezu unabhängig von der Materialfeuchte; der Trocknungsvorgang verläuft entlang der Kühlgrenztemperatur.If one were to use the previously known arrangement for drying veneer sheets, it would not be guaranteed that at the end of the first zone all veneer sheets - regardless of initial moisture and occupancy density - had reached the fiber saturation point. Above the fiber saturation point, the material temperature is almost independent of the material moisture; the drying process runs along the cooling limit temperature.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einem Durchlauftrockner der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Gattung die durch Störeinflüsse bedingten Abweichungen der Endfeuchte vom vorgeschriebenen Sollwert auf das zulässige Toleranzfeld zu begrenzen.The object of the invention is to limit, in a continuous dryer of the type specified in the preamble of patent claim 1, the deviations in the final moisture content from the prescribed setpoint which are caused by interfering influences, to the permissible tolerance range.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch Anspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by claim 1.

Die Anordnung des Infrarotmeßumformers am Trocknerausgang hat mehrere Vorteile: Die starken Schwankungen der Anfangsfeuchte sind an dieser Stelle aufgrund der eingangsseitigen Steuerung weitgehend auskompensiert, so daß nur noch geringe Abweichungen vorkommen, die durch Meßungenauigkeiten und eingangsseitig nicht erfaßte Störeinflüsse bedingt sind. Die Feuchte liegt mit Sicherheit unter dem Fasersättigungspunkt, und zwar genügend weit, so daß ein eindeutiger auswertbarer Zusammenhang zwischen Oberflächentemperatur und Feuchte besteht. Der geschlossene Regelkreis berücksichtigt indirekt auch nicht direkt meßbare Einflüsse, wie unterschiedliche Belegungsdichte, unterschiedliche Dicke und unterschiedliche Rohdichte.The arrangement of the infrared transmitter at the dryer outlet has several advantages: The strong fluctuations in the initial moisture are largely compensated for at this point due to the control on the input side, so that only minor deviations occur due to measurement inaccuracies and interference effects not recorded on the input side. The moisture is certainly below the fiber saturation point, and sufficiently far so that there is a clear, evaluable relationship between surface temperature and moisture. The closed control loop also indirectly takes into account non-directly measurable influences, such as different occupancy density, different thickness and different bulk density.

Durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 2 läßt sich mit einfachen Mitteln die Korrektur der Endfeuchte stufenweise der Größe der auftretenden Abweichungen anpassen.Due to the features of claim 2, the correction of the final moisture can be gradually adapted to the size of the deviations that occur.

Durch das Merkmal des Anspruchs 3 wird vermieden, daß einzelne zufällige Ausreißer einen Schaltvorgang auslösen. Infolge der Mittelung über jeweils mehrere Meßwerte wird erst dann umgeschaltet, wenn sich an mehreren aufeinanderfolgenden Furnierblättern eine Tendenz zu unzulässigen Abweichungen zeigt.The feature of claim 3 prevents individual random outliers from triggering a switching operation. As a result of the averaging over several measured values in each case, a switchover takes place only when there is a tendency towards inadmissible deviations on several successive veneer sheets.

Die Zeichnung dient zur Erläuterung der Erfindung anhand eines schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels.The drawing serves to explain the invention using a schematically illustrated embodiment.

Figur 1 zeigt eine Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Durchlauftrockners für Furniere.
Figur 2 zeigt in größerem Maßstab einen Schnitt gemäß der Linie AA der Figur 1.
Figure 1 shows a side view of a continuous dryer for veneers according to the invention.
FIG. 2 shows a section along the line AA of FIG. 1 on a larger scale.

Der in der Zeichnung dargestellte Durchlauftrockner besteht in üblicher Weise aus einer Anzahl von aneinandergereihten Felder 1 bis 12. Dahinter folgt mit Abstand ein Kühlfeld 13. Jedes Feld ist mit einem Ventilator 14, mit Düseneinbauten 15 und mit einem Heizregister 16 ausgestattet. Die Düseneinbauten bewirken, wie bekannt, eine Querstromumwälzung der Trocknungsluft in jedem Feld. Die Ventilatoren 14 sind durch polumschaltbare Motoren 17 wahlweise mit zwei verschiedenen Drehzahlen antreibbar. In der Gehäusedecke sind bei den Feldern 2, 5 und 9 Abluftkamine 18 angeordnet. Jeder Abluftkamin ist mit einer Stellklappe 19 ausgestattet, die über einen Regler betätigt wird. Dem in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellten Regler wird als Regelgröße ein zur Luftfeuchte proportionales Signal zugeführt, das mit Hilfe eines ebenfalls nicht dargestellten Luftfeuchtemeßgerätes erzeugt wird. Eine Fördereinrichtung, bestehend aus einem Tragband 20 und einem Deckband 21, beide aus Drahtgeflecht, erstreckt sich über die gesamte Länge des Trockners einschließlich des Kühlfeldes 13.The continuous dryer shown in the drawing consists in the usual way of a number of rows 1 to 12 lined up. This is followed at a distance by a cooling area 13. Each area is equipped with a fan 14, nozzle internals 15 and a heating register 16. As is known, the nozzle internals cause the drying air to circulate in every field. The fans 14 can be driven at two different speeds by means of pole-changing motors 17. Exhaust air chimneys 18 are arranged in fields 2, 5 and 9 in the housing ceiling. Each exhaust air chimney is equipped with a flap 19 which is actuated by a controller. The controller, not shown in the drawing, is supplied as a controlled variable with a signal proportional to the air humidity, which is generated with the aid of an air humidity measuring device, also not shown. A conveyor, consisting of a carrier belt 20 and a cover belt 21, both made of wire mesh, extends over the entire length of the dryer including the cooling field 13.

In zwei Feldern, von denen das eine in der Nähe des Trocknereinganges und das andere etwa in der Mitte des Trockners liegt, z.B. in den Feldern 2 und 8, sind je zwei Temperaturmeßfühler 22, 23 so angebracht, daß der eine die Temperatur der umgewälzten Luft von ihrer Berührung mit den Furnierblättern mißt, der andere danach. Von den Meßfühlern 22, 23 sind Leitungen 24, 25 zu einem Steuergerät 26 geführt, das mit einem Rechner ausgestattet ist. Wie in der DE-PS 27 21 965 ausführlich erläutert, wertet der Rechner die Meßwerte aus, indem er direkt auf die Belegungsdichte der Fördereinrichtung und die Anfangsfeuchte der durchlaufenden Furnierblätter schließt. Daraus berechnet er nach einer vorgegebenen Funktion den erforderlichen Luftvolumenstrom für jedes Feld. Entsprechend den so berechneten Werten steuert er über die Leitung 27 die Motoren 17 des Trocknerabschnitts, der vom Eingangsfeld 1 z.B. bis zum Feld 8 reicht. Die Motoren der Felder 9 bis 12 des ausgangsseitigen Trocknerabschnitts sind von dem Steuergerät 26 unabhängig.In two fields, one near the dryer entrance and the other around the middle of the dryer, e.g. in fields 2 and 8, two temperature sensors 22, 23 are attached so that one measures the temperature of the circulated air from its contact with the veneer sheets, the other thereafter. Lines 24, 25 are led from the sensors 22, 23 to a control unit 26 which is equipped with a computer. As explained in detail in DE-PS 27 21 965, the computer evaluates the measured values by directly inferring the occupancy density of the conveyor and the initial moisture content of the veneer sheets passing through. From this, he calculates the required air volume flow for each field according to a specified function. In accordance with the values calculated in this way, it controls the motors 17 of the dryer section, which e.g. extends to field 8. The motors of fields 9 to 12 of the dryer section on the outlet side are independent of control unit 26.

Am Trocknerausgang, zwischen dem letzten Trocknerfeld 12 und dem Kühlfeld 13, ist ein Infrarotmeßumformer 28 angeordnet. Dieser besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Bolometer mit einer spektralen Empfindlichkeit im Bereich zwischen etwa 2µ und 12µ und einem elektronischen Umformer, der das Ausgangssignal des Bolometers verarbeitet. Der Infrarotmeßumformer 28 wird durch einen Sensor 29, z.B. eine Lichtschranke, angesteuert, so daß er jeweils beim Durchgang eines Furnierblattes aktiviert ist. Das von dem Infrarotmeßumformer 28 erzeugte Signal wird einem Rechner 30 zugeführt. Dieser berechnet daraus unter Berücksichtigung der kontinuierlich gemessenen Trocknungsbedingungen, insbesondere Temperatur und Feuchte der Trocknungsluft, auf Grund einer empirisch ermittelten Formel die Materialfeuchte und leitet ein resultierendes Signal zu dem Regler 31, der über Leitungen 32 bis 35 die Motoren 17 der zu den Feldern 9 bis 12 gehörenden Ventilatoren 14 schaltet.An infrared transducer 28 is arranged at the dryer outlet, between the last dryer field 12 and the cooling field 13. This essentially consists of a bolometer with a spectral sensitivity in the range between approximately 2µ and 12µ and an electronic converter that processes the output signal of the bolometer. The infrared transducer 28 is controlled by a sensor 29, for example a light barrier, so that it is activated each time a veneer sheet passes. The signal generated by the infrared transducer 28 is fed to a computer 30. This calculates the material moisture based on an empirically determined formula, taking into account the continuously measured drying conditions, in particular the temperature and humidity of the drying air, and sends a resultant signal to the controller 31, which connects the motors 17 to the fields 9 to 12 via lines 32 to 35 12 belonging fans 14 switches.

Der erfindungsgemäße Durchlauftrockner arbeitet folgendermaßen:
Von Hand oder über ein nicht zur Erfindung gehörendes Steuergerät werden die Temperaturen der einzelnen Felder vorgewählt, ferner die Luftfeuchte und die Bandgeschwindigkeit. Diese Einstellung erfolgt aufgrund empirischer Zusammenhänge in Abhängigkeit von charakteristischen Eigenschaften der zu verarbeitenden Furnierblätter, insbesondere von der Holzart und der Blattdicke. Bei dieser Grundeinstellung werden bei mittlerer Belegungsdichte Furnierblätter mittlerer Feuchte auf einen gewünschten Endwert getrocknet.
The continuous dryer according to the invention works as follows:
The temperatures of the individual fields, as well as the air humidity and the belt speed, are preselected by hand or via a control device not belonging to the invention. This setting is made on the basis of empirical relationships, depending on the characteristic properties of the veneer sheets to be processed, in particular on the type of wood and the sheet thickness. With this basic setting, veneer sheets of medium moisture are dried to a desired final value with medium occupancy.

Wenn die Belegungsdichte und die Anfangsfeuchte nicht allzu stark von einem Mittelwert abweichen, laufen z.B. die Ventilatoren der Felder 1 bis 4 mit hoher Drehzahl, die Ventilatoren der Felder 5 bis 10 mit niedriger Drehzahl und die Ventilatoren der Felder 11 und 12 wieder mit hoher Drehzahl. Ändert sich nun der Wärmebedarf durch geänderte Belegungsdichte oder durch geänderte Anfangsfeuchte, so bewirkt das Steuergerät 26 eine entsprechende Anpassung der zugeführten Wärme in dem Trocknerabschnitt, der die Felder 1 bis 8 umfaßt. Bei erhöhtem Wärmebedarf wird zunächst zusätzlich der Ventilator des Feldes 5 auf hohe Drehzahl gebracht, anschließend der Reihe nach die Ventilatoren der Felder 6, 7 und 8, soweit notwendig. Andererseits werden bei verringertem Wärmebedarf die Ventilatoren der Felder 4, 3, 2, 1, soweit notwendig, auf niedrige Drehzahl umgeschaltet. Wenn nach Umschaltung aller verfügbaren Ventilatoren eine weitere Anpassung erforderlich ist, wird durch Änderung der Durchlaufgeschwindigkeit die Behandlungsdauer geändert.If the occupancy density and the initial moisture do not deviate too much from a mean value, the fans in fields 1 to 4 run at high speed, the fans in fields 5 to 10 at low speed and the fans in fields 11 and 12 again at high speed. If the heat requirement changes as a result of a change in the occupancy density or as a result of a change in the initial moisture, the control unit 26 effects a corresponding adaptation of the heat supplied in the dryer section which comprises the fields 1 to 8. If there is an increased demand for heat, the fan in field 5 is first brought up to high speed, then in turn the fans in fields 6, 7 and 8, if necessary. On the other hand, if the heat requirement is reduced, the fans of fields 4, 3, 2, 1 are switched to low speed if necessary. If a further adjustment is required after switching over all available fans, the duration of treatment is changed by changing the throughput speed.

Die beschriebene Steuerung zielt darauf ab, den Furnierblättern längs des gesamten Trocknungsweges in den Feldern 1 bis 12 insgesamt annähernd die Wärmemenge zuzuführen, die erforderlich ist, um das anfangs im Furnier enthaltene Wasser bis auf einen Rest von z.B. 3 bis 7 % zu verdampfen. Dieses Ziel wird bei Abwesenheit von Störeinflüssen in der Regel erreicht, wenn z.B. die Ventilatoren in den Feldern 9 und 10 mit niedriger Drehzahl und die Ventilatoren in den Feldern 11 und 12 mit hoher Drehzahl laufen.The control described aims to supply the veneer sheets along the entire drying path in fields 1 to 12 approximately the total amount of heat required to remove the water initially contained in the veneer, except for a remainder of e.g. Evaporate 3 to 7%. This goal is usually achieved in the absence of interference, e.g. the fans in fields 9 and 10 run at low speed and the fans in fields 11 and 12 run at high speed.

Die tatsächliche Endfeuchte der austretenden Furnierblätter wird mit dem Infrarotmeßumformer 28 gemessen. Wenn die gemittelte Endfeuchte von mehreren, z.B. drei, aufeinanderfolgenden Furnierblättern außerhalb des zulässigen Bereichs liegt, wird je nach Vorzeichen der Abweichung die Drehzahl des Ventilators 10 erhöht oder die Drehzahl des Ventilators 11 erniedrigt. Falls notwendig, wird anschließend noch der Ventilator 9 bzw. der Ventilator 12 umgeschaltet.The actual final moisture content of the emerging veneer sheets is measured with the infrared transmitter 28. If the average final moisture of several, e.g. three successive veneer sheets is outside the permissible range, the speed of the fan 10 is increased or the speed of the fan 11 is reduced, depending on the sign of the deviation. If necessary, the fan 9 or the fan 12 is then switched over.

Auf diese Weise gelingt es, Störeinflüsse zu kompensieren, die z.B. durch Abweichungen der Furnierdicke oder der Rohdichte von Nennwert verursacht werden. Für den Fall, daß die Änderung der Ventilatordrehzahl in den Feldern 9 bis 12 des ausgangsseitigen Trocknerabschnitts zur Kompensation der auftretenden Abweichungen ausnahmsweise nicht ausreicht, kann durch den Regler 31 zusätzlich eine Änderung der Durchlaufgeschwindigkeit bewirkt und/oder ein Warnsignal ausgelöst werden.In this way it is possible to compensate for interference that e.g. caused by deviations in veneer thickness or bulk density from the nominal value. In the event that the change in fan speed in fields 9 to 12 of the dryer section on the outlet side is exceptionally insufficient to compensate for the deviations that occur, controller 31 can additionally effect a change in the throughput speed and / or a warning signal can be triggered.

Es versteht sich, daß die ausgangsseitige Regelung den Charakter einer Korrekturmaßnahme hat. Sie ist wirksam in Verbindung mit einer eingangsseitigen Steuerung in Abhängigkeit vom gemessenen Wärmebedarf.It goes without saying that the regulation on the output side has the character of a corrective measure. It is effective in connection with an input control depending on the measured heat demand.

Dabei bewirkt die Steuerung schon einen weitgehenden Ausgleich der anfänglich starken Schwankungen.The controller already largely compensates for the initially strong fluctuations.

Die Wirkung der Erfindung hängt aber nicht davon ab, daß der Wärmebedarf nach dem Verfahren ermittelt wird, das im Zusammenhang mit dem Ausführungsbeispiel beschrieben wird. Dieses Verfahrens ist zwar in der Regel, wenn Belegungsdichte und Anfangsfeuchte stark schwanken, sehr vorteilhaft. Wenn aber z.B. Furnierblätter von einheitlicher Größe, z.B. formatierte Schälfurniere, im gleichen Takt dem Förderer zugeführt werden, ist die Belegungsdichte konstant. In diesem Falle kann die Belegungsdichte in der Grundeinstellung berücksichtigt werden, und es genügt zur Ermittlung des Wärmebedarfs, den Temperaturabfall des Umluftstroms in einem einzigen Feld zu messen, das etwa in der Mitte des Trockners liegt.The effect of the invention does not depend on the fact that the heat requirement is determined by the method which is described in connection with the embodiment. This method is generally very advantageous when the occupancy density and initial moisture fluctuate greatly. But if e.g. Veneer sheets of a uniform size, e.g. Formatted peeled veneers, which are fed to the conveyor at the same cycle, the occupancy density is constant. In this case, the occupancy density can be taken into account in the basic setting, and it is sufficient to determine the heat requirement by measuring the drop in temperature of the circulating air flow in a single field which is approximately in the middle of the dryer.

Claims (3)

  1. Continuous dryer for veneer sheets, comprising:
    a conveying device (20, 21);
    several successive zones (1 - 12), each provided with a fan (14) and with means (15) for generating a transverse circulation of the drying air and with a heating battery (16);
    measuring units (22, 23) for determination of the amount of water to be evaporated
    and a control unit (26) acting on the velocity of the conveying device (20, 21) and/or the speed of the fans (14) in accordance with the amount of water to be evaporated,
    characterized by a control circuit, consisting of an infrared measuring convertor (28) arranged at the dryer outlet for measurement of the residual moisture of the veneer sheets discharged and a controller (31), which is supplied with the infrared measuring convertor (28) signal; the controller acting in a section neighboring the dryer outlet on the speed of the motors (17) of the fans (14) for maintaining the residual moisture level.
  2. Continuous dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that the section neighboring the dryer outlet comprises several zones (9 - 12) and in that the motors (17) are pole-switchable.
  3. Continuous dryer according to claim 2, characterized in that for the formation of the control signal acting on the motors (17) the average of several successive measuring values of the infrared measuring convertor (28) is computed.
EP87113900A 1986-11-22 1987-09-23 Continuous veneer dryer Expired - Lifetime EP0268774B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863639929 DE3639929A1 (en) 1986-11-22 1986-11-22 CONTINUOUS DRYER FOR VENEER BLADES
DE3639929 1986-11-22

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EP0268774A2 EP0268774A2 (en) 1988-06-01
EP0268774A3 EP0268774A3 (en) 1989-05-24
EP0268774B1 true EP0268774B1 (en) 1994-12-07

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EP (1) EP0268774B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE115276T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3639929A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4831747A (en) 1989-05-23
DE3750841D1 (en) 1995-01-19
EP0268774A2 (en) 1988-06-01
DE3639929A1 (en) 1988-06-01
ATE115276T1 (en) 1994-12-15
EP0268774A3 (en) 1989-05-24

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