EP1038612B1 - Procédé de fabrication de bandes en acier au carbone par coulée continue entre deux cylindres - Google Patents
Procédé de fabrication de bandes en acier au carbone par coulée continue entre deux cylindres Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1038612B1 EP1038612B1 EP00400573A EP00400573A EP1038612B1 EP 1038612 B1 EP1038612 B1 EP 1038612B1 EP 00400573 A EP00400573 A EP 00400573A EP 00400573 A EP00400573 A EP 00400573A EP 1038612 B1 EP1038612 B1 EP 1038612B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rolls
- dimples
- steel
- casting
- strip
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
- B22D11/0648—Casting surfaces
- B22D11/0651—Casting wheels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0622—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by two casting wheels
Definitions
- the invention relates to the continuous casting of metals. It concerns more particularly the casting of thin metallic carbon steel strips on installations of the type called "casting between cylinders".
- the process mainly used today is the casting of said metal liquid between two internally cooled cylinders, rotating around their axes horizontal in opposite directions, and arranged opposite one another, the distance minimum between their surfaces being substantially equal to the thickness which it is desired to impart to the cast strip (for example a few mm).
- the pouring space containing the liquid steel is defined by the lateral surfaces of the cylinders, on which the solidification of the band, and by side closing plates in refractory applied against ends of cylinders.
- Liquid metal initiates solidification on contact with surfaces outside of the cylinders, on which it forms solidified "skins", which are made of so that they meet at the level of the "collar", ie of the zone where the distance between the cylinders is minimal.
- the object of the invention is to provide steelmakers with a method of manufacturing thin carbon steel strips by casting between cylinders leading to obtaining reliable of bands free from surface cracks, this method should not limit excessive scope of products, nor necessarily lead to the use of long and complex methods for the preparation of the surface of cylinders.
- the invention also relates to tapes capable of being produced by this. process, as well as the casting cylinders necessary for its implementation.
- the invention consists in combining conditions particulars on the composition of the steel, the surface condition of the cylinders and the composition of the atmosphere surrounding the surface of the liquid steel present between the cylinders.
- the inventors have found that the claimed combination leads to regular obtaining of products with the required surface qualities.
- the conditions for implementing this process also have the advantage of not leading to a substantially casting process more restrictive than the usual processes.
- the method of the invention does not require no actions on the composition of the metal which would significantly increase the price of returns from the strip, since there is no need to add elements to the liquid metal - of expensive alloy or to impose on the liquid metal unusually low contents in certain elements.
- an essential condition for obtaining a strip pouring between cylinders free from surface cracks is good anchoring strip skins on all the surfaces of the rolls during solidification.
- a such anchoring guarantees that the various constraints linked to thermal contractions and possible phase changes undergone by the skins are distributed uniformly, while heterogeneities in these constraints can cause cracks superficial. They therefore recommend using casting rolls whose surface has a relatively large roughness, in the form of "dimples".
- These dimples as is known (see for example document EP-A - 0 796 685), are depressions of roughly circular or oval shapes, which can be formed on the surface of the cylinder by projection of metal or ceramic balls. In these conditions, during solidification, the metal skins penetrate inside the dimples, the more deeply as these have a large diameter. So they behave as anchors for the skins on the cylinders.
- Ra and Rz are, according to the standards in force, calculated as follows.
- Ra 1 The ⁇ The 0
- these dimples must be contiguous; say that their peripheries are not systematically separated by flat areas. Indeed, the alternation of large flat areas, where the contact between the metal and the cylinder is narrow, and dimples where this contact is more relaxed, may be unfavorable for obtaining a crack-free strip surface, because in this case the areas with strong cooling are present in a proportion which may be too great.
- the dimples are distributed randomly. In addition, the absence of beaches planes increases the number of anchor points for the solidified skin.
- the conditions of wetting of the cylinder surface by liquid steel at the level meniscus are also very important for establishing transfers thermal. They depend in particular on the composition of the liquid metal.
- FIG. 1 schematically represents the pouring space of an installation for continuous casting of thin metal strips between two cooled cylinders 1, 1 ' internally, in rotation around their axes kept horizontal.
- Dimples 2 are formed on their external surfaces 3, 3 'which are made of copper or copper alloy.
- the liquid steel 4 is present in the casting space defined by the surfaces 3, 3 ′, where it is brought from a container called a distributor by means of a refractory nozzle (not shown).
- the liquid steel 4 solidifies to form skins 5, 5 'whose thickness increases as they progress downwards the casting space under the effect of the rotation of the cylinders 1, 1 '.
- a conventional device not shown comprising by example of pinch rollers.
- the scale of the different parts of the installation was not respected.
- the cylinders 1, 1 ′ generally have a diameter from 500 to 1500 mm, the diameter and depth of the dimples 2 are of the order of a few tens to several hundred ⁇ m, and the thickness of the strips is a few mm (up to 10 mm, usually 2 to 6 mm).
- meniscus 8, 8 ' which has the configuration shown in Figure 2, namely an obtuse connection angle between the surface 3, 3 'of the cylinder 1, 1' and the liquid steel 4.
- the gas present in the dimples 2 during the formation of the skins 5, 5 ' was therefore in its entirety already present before contact with the meniscus 8, 8 ′, and thus initiation and development of solidification of more stable and easier 5, 5 'skins reproducible only under the conditions of the prior art.
- the stability of the position of the meniscus 8, 8 ' is also better, without the need for this purpose means for vibrating the meniscus 8, 8 ′ such as those described above.
- a preferred condition for obtaining the desired result is to perform the casting without using any covering material, so leaving the metal surface bare liquid 4, so as not to hinder evaporation and deposition on the cylinders 1, 1 'of volatile elements.
- the process according to the invention is compatible with the presence of aluminum in steel.
- this presence of aluminum can be accompanied by a addition of a few tens of ppm of calcium intended to transform the inclusions from alumina to aluminates of liquid lime at the melting temperature of steel.
- the method according to the invention has the advantage of not requiring the presence within the liquid metal 4 of a quantity relatively large number of oxidized inclusions which could be unfavorable for many uses of the final metal.
- these oxide inclusions would risk form plaques near the meniscus that could be trapped by 5, 5 'skins. This would deteriorate the quality of the surface of the strip 7. It is considered that it it is preferable not to exceed a content of 100 ppm of total oxygen (i.e.
- This oxygen content total largely depends on the dissolved oxygen content which is determined by the chemical balances between the liquid steel 4 and its environment, and in particular by the contents of liquid steel 4 in deoxidizing elements: manganese, silicon and possibly aluminum.
- a classic, fast and inexpensive method for forming dimples 2 on surfaces 3, 3 'of the cylinders 1, 1' is to project metal or ceramic balls onto said surfaces 3, 3 '.
- By playing on the number, materials, diameters and pressure of projection of the balls one can obtain the desired configurations for said dimples 2.
- Other methods using a laser or chemical attack or EDM of surfaces 3, 3 ', or a marking by knurling of surfaces 3, 3') are also conceivable.
- the invention therefore makes it possible to achieve good anchoring of the skins 5, 5 ′ during solidification on the surfaces 3, 3 'of the cylinders to avoid cracks which would be due to excessive fragility of the skins 5, 5 '.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
Description
- ledit acier a la composition, en pourcentages pondéraux : carbone ≤ 0,5%, manganèse de 0,2 à 2%, silicium ≤ 2%, le rapport Mn% / Si% étant compris entre 3 et 16, optionnellement aluminium + titane + zirconium ≤ 0,10%, le reste étant du fer et des impuretés habituelles ;
- lesdites surfaces latérales des cylindres comportent des fossettes jointives, imposant auxdites surfaces une rugosité Rz comprise entre 40 et 200 µm et une rugosité Ra comprise entre 10 et 40 µm ;
- et l'atmosphère environnant le ménisque de l'acier liquide présent entre les cylindres comprend entre 40 et 100% d'azote, le restant étant composé d'un gaz neutre insoluble dans l'acier liquide ou d'un mélange de tels gaz neutres.
- la figure 1, qui représente schématiquement, vu de face et en coupe transversale, l'espace de coulée d'une installation de coulée entre cylindres, en y montrant le comportement du ménisque de l'acier liquide présent entre les cylindres de coulée dans des conditions correspondant à celles de l'art antérieur ;
- la figure 2, qui représente schématiquement le comportement du ménisque dans le cas de l'invention.
- la teneur en carbone de l'acier est inférieure à 0,5%, sa teneur en manganèse est comprise entre 0,4 et 2%, sa teneur en silicium est inférieure à 2%, le rapport Mn% / Si% est compris entre 3 et 16 (tous les pourcentages sont des pourcentages pondéraux) ;
- les fossettes 2 sont jointives et réparties de manière aléatoire sur les surfaces 3, 3' des cylindres 1, 1', et confèrent à ces surfaces 3, 3' une rugosité Rz comprise entre 40 et 130 µm et une rugosité Ra comprise entre 10 et 20 µm ;
- et l'atmosphère environnant le ménisque 8, 8' est composée d'azote pour au moins 40%.
Claims (12)
- Procédé de fabrication de bandes (7) d'épaisseur inférieure ou égale à 10 mm en acier au carbone directement à partir d'acier liquide (4), par coulée dudit acier liquide (4) entre les surfaces latérales (3) en cuivre ou alliage de cuivre de deux cylindres horizontaux (1, 1') en rotation refroidis intérieurement, caractérisé en ce que :ledit acier liquide (4) a la composition, en pourcentages pondéraux carbone ≤ 0,5%, manganèse de 0,2 à 2%, silicium ≤ 2%, le rapport Mn% / Si% étant compris entre 3 et 16, optionnellement aluminium + titane + zirconium ≤ 0,10%, le reste étant du fer et des impuretés habituelles ;lesdites surfaces latérales (3, 3') des cylindres (1, 1') comportent des fossettes (2) jointives, imposant auxdites surfaces (3, 3') une rugosité Rz comprise entre 40 et 200 µm et une rugosité Ra comprise entre 10 et 40 µm;et l'atmosphère environnant le ménisque (8, 8') de l'acier liquide (4) présent entre les cylindres (1, 1') comprend entre 40 et 100% d'azote, le restant étant composé d'un gaz neutre insoluble dans l'acier liquide (4) ou d'un mélange de tels gaz neutres.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit acier liquide (4) comporte moins de 100 ppm d'oxygène total.
- Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit acier liquide (4) comporte de 30 à 70 ppm d'oxygène total.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que lesdites fossettes (2) jointives sont réparties de manière aléatoire sur les surfaces (3, 3') des cylindres (1, 1').
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'atmosphère environnant le ménisque (8, 8') du métal liquide (4) présent entre les cylindres (1, 1') comprend 100% d'azote.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la surface de l'acier liquide (4) présent entre les cylindres (1, 1') est exempte de matériau de couverture.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que ladite bande (7) subit ensuite un laminage à chaud.
- Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que ledit laminage à chaud est effectué en ligne, après la coulée de ladite bande (7).
- Bande (7) en acier au carbone d'épaisseur inférieure ou égale à 10 mm, susceptible d'être obtenue par le procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8.
- Cylindre (1, 1') de coulée pour la coulée de bandes minces métalliques (7) dont la surface latérale (3, 3') en cuivre ou alliage de cuivre comporte des fossettes (2) jointives, caractérisée en ce que lesdites fossettes (2) imposent auxdites surfaces (3, 3') une rugosité Rz comprise entre 40 et 200 µm et une rugosité Ra comprise entre 10 et 40 µm.
- Cylindre (1, 1') selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que lesdites fossettes (2) sont ménagées sur ladite surface par projection de billes.
- Cylindre (1, 1') selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que lesdites fossettes (2) sont réparties de manière aléatoire sur sa surface.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9903778A FR2791286B1 (fr) | 1999-03-26 | 1999-03-26 | Procede de fabrication de bandes en acier au carbone par coulee continue entre deux cylindres |
FR9903778 | 1999-03-26 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1038612A1 EP1038612A1 (fr) | 2000-09-27 |
EP1038612B1 true EP1038612B1 (fr) | 2003-07-16 |
Family
ID=9543665
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00400573A Expired - Lifetime EP1038612B1 (fr) | 1999-03-26 | 2000-03-03 | Procédé de fabrication de bandes en acier au carbone par coulée continue entre deux cylindres |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6491089B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1038612B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2000301295A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE245066T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU755008B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR0001288A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2299674C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60003861T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2791286B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7073565B2 (en) * | 1999-02-05 | 2006-07-11 | Castrip, Llc | Casting steel strip |
ES2291995T5 (es) * | 2000-05-12 | 2013-06-11 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Un tambor de enfriamiento para colada continua de plancha delgada y un método de colada continua con el mismo |
CH692184A5 (de) | 2000-12-30 | 2002-03-15 | Main Man Inspiration Ag | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Bandgiessmaschine sowie ein Mantelring für eine Giessrolle zur Durchführung des Verfahrens. |
US7048033B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2006-05-23 | Nucor Corporation | Casting steel strip |
US7485196B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2009-02-03 | Nucor Corporation | Steel product with a high austenite grain coarsening temperature |
US7690417B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2010-04-06 | Nucor Corporation | Thin cast strip with controlled manganese and low oxygen levels and method for making same |
KR100568353B1 (ko) * | 2001-12-21 | 2006-04-05 | 주식회사 포스코 | 박판주조공정에 의한 주편제조방법 |
CH695669A5 (de) * | 2002-01-10 | 2006-07-31 | Main Man Inspiration Ag | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Bandgiessanlage mit einer Zweirollen-Bandgiessmaschine. |
NZ541204A (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2007-04-27 | Nucor Corp | Casting steel strip |
US20040144518A1 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2004-07-29 | Blejde Walter N. | Casting steel strip with low surface roughness and low porosity |
EP1740734B1 (fr) * | 2004-04-28 | 2017-07-05 | The Nanosteel Company, Inc. | Feuille d'acier nanocristalline |
KR100674618B1 (ko) | 2005-09-16 | 2007-01-29 | 주식회사 포스코 | 쌍롤형 박판 주조기를 이용한 고 망간강의 박판 제조 방법 |
US9999918B2 (en) | 2005-10-20 | 2018-06-19 | Nucor Corporation | Thin cast strip product with microalloy additions, and method for making the same |
US10071416B2 (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2018-09-11 | Nucor Corporation | High strength thin cast strip product and method for making the same |
US9149868B2 (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2015-10-06 | Nucor Corporation | Thin cast strip product with microalloy additions, and method for making the same |
KR100779574B1 (ko) * | 2006-08-02 | 2007-11-29 | 주식회사 포스코 | 쌍롤식 박판주조기용 주조롤 |
AT504225B1 (de) * | 2006-09-22 | 2008-10-15 | Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung eines stahlbandes |
JP2008284567A (ja) * | 2007-05-16 | 2008-11-27 | Ihi Corp | ストリップ鋳造方法 |
US7975754B2 (en) * | 2007-08-13 | 2011-07-12 | Nucor Corporation | Thin cast steel strip with reduced microcracking |
AU2008100847A4 (en) * | 2007-10-12 | 2008-10-09 | Bluescope Steel Limited | Method of forming textured casting rolls with diamond engraving |
US20100104773A1 (en) * | 2008-10-24 | 2010-04-29 | Neal James W | Method for use in a coating process |
US7888158B1 (en) * | 2009-07-21 | 2011-02-15 | Sears Jr James B | System and method for making a photovoltaic unit |
WO2011100798A1 (fr) | 2010-02-20 | 2011-08-25 | Bluescope Steel Limited | Nitratation d'acier au niobium et produit fabriqué par ce moyen |
DE102012109651B4 (de) | 2012-10-10 | 2021-02-18 | Thyssenkrupp Nirosta Gmbh | Gießwalze zum Gießen von metallischem Band und mit einer solchen Gießwalze ausgestattete Zweiwalzengießvorrichtung |
UA122782C2 (uk) * | 2014-12-19 | 2021-01-06 | Ньюкор Корпорейшн | Спосіб виготовлення підлогової плити та система виготовлення підлогової плити |
CN104962829B (zh) * | 2015-07-09 | 2017-06-20 | 东北大学 | 一种含针状铁素体的双辊连铸低碳微合金钢及其制造方法 |
CN110000350A (zh) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-07-12 | 一重集团大连工程技术有限公司 | 一种铸轧结晶辊 |
EP4023358A1 (fr) * | 2021-01-05 | 2022-07-06 | Speira GmbH | Coulée de bande d'aluminium sans agent de démoulage |
CN116371941B (zh) * | 2023-06-05 | 2023-08-18 | 太原理工大学 | 金属复合板轧制力和各层厚度预测方法、装置及电子设备 |
CN116393529B (zh) * | 2023-06-07 | 2023-08-18 | 太原理工大学 | 金属层合板热轧过程中轧制力确定方法、装置及电子设备 |
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US4593742A (en) * | 1982-04-28 | 1986-06-10 | Hazelett Strip-Casting Corporation | Apparatus for feeding and continuously casting molten metal with inert gas applied to the moving mold surfaces and to the entering metal |
JPH01129996A (ja) * | 1987-11-16 | 1989-05-23 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | コンダクタロール |
JP2733776B2 (ja) * | 1988-12-28 | 1998-03-30 | 日新製鋼株式会社 | 薄板連鋳方法および装置 |
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JPH03873A (ja) * | 1989-05-30 | 1991-01-07 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | 繊維用処理剤 |
US5103895A (en) * | 1989-07-20 | 1992-04-14 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method and apparatus of continuously casting a metal sheet |
JPH0366458A (ja) * | 1989-08-01 | 1991-03-22 | Nippon Steel Corp | 薄肉鋳片の連続鋳造方法 |
EP0463177B1 (fr) * | 1990-01-12 | 1996-11-27 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Piece de faible epaisseur coulee en continu et procede de coulee de cette piece |
JP3145766B2 (ja) * | 1992-02-06 | 2001-03-12 | 日新製鋼株式会社 | 2相系ステンレス鋼の薄板連続鋳造法 |
JP3088186B2 (ja) * | 1992-03-19 | 2000-09-18 | 日新製鋼株式会社 | Ni基合金板の製造法 |
MY111637A (en) * | 1992-11-30 | 2000-10-31 | Bhp Steel Jla Pty Ltd | Metal strip casting |
DE69419593T3 (de) * | 1993-11-18 | 2005-06-09 | Castrip, Llc (N.D.Ges.D. Staates Delaware) | Giessen eines kontinuierlichen stahlbandes auf eine oberfläche mit bestimmter rauhigkeit |
CA2163564C (fr) * | 1994-03-25 | 2000-11-14 | Hiroyuki Nakashima | Procede de production d'une brame fine de feuillard |
JP3308102B2 (ja) * | 1994-05-26 | 2002-07-29 | キャストリップ・リミテッド・ライアビリティ・カンパニー | 金属ストリップ連続鋳造方法 |
DE4434425C2 (de) * | 1994-09-27 | 1997-04-03 | Fissler Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Antihaftbeschichtung sowie mit einer solchen versehene Gegenstände |
JPH08150442A (ja) * | 1994-11-28 | 1996-06-11 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 金属薄板の連続鋳造用ロール |
JPH08164449A (ja) * | 1994-12-14 | 1996-06-25 | Nippon Steel Corp | 広幅薄肉鋳片の連続鋳造装置 |
AUPN281195A0 (en) * | 1995-05-05 | 1995-06-01 | Bhp Steel (Jla) Pty Limited | Casting steel strip |
JP3417746B2 (ja) * | 1995-11-22 | 2003-06-16 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 薄板連続鋳造方法 |
FR2746333B1 (fr) * | 1996-03-22 | 1998-04-24 | Usinor Sacilor | Procede de coulee continue d'une bande d'acier inoxydable austenitique sur une ou entre deux parois mobiles dont les surfaces sont pourvues de fossettes, et installation de coulee pour sa mise en oeuvre |
JPH10211548A (ja) * | 1997-01-27 | 1998-08-11 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼薄鋳片の連続鋳造方法 |
AUPO732397A0 (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 1997-07-03 | Bhp Steel (Jla) Pty Limited | Casting steel strip |
-
1999
- 1999-03-26 FR FR9903778A patent/FR2791286B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-03-03 EP EP00400573A patent/EP1038612B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-03 DE DE60003861T patent/DE60003861T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-03 AT AT00400573T patent/ATE245066T1/de active
- 2000-03-03 AU AU20649/00A patent/AU755008B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-03-06 CA CA002299674A patent/CA2299674C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-03-13 BR BR0001288-2A patent/BR0001288A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-03-20 US US09/531,455 patent/US6491089B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-27 JP JP2000086339A patent/JP2000301295A/ja not_active Ceased
-
2002
- 2002-10-09 US US10/266,750 patent/US6679313B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60003861T2 (de) | 2004-08-26 |
BR0001288A (pt) | 2000-10-17 |
JP2000301295A (ja) | 2000-10-31 |
FR2791286A1 (fr) | 2000-09-29 |
CA2299674C (fr) | 2009-05-12 |
ATE245066T1 (de) | 2003-08-15 |
DE60003861D1 (de) | 2003-08-21 |
US20030029599A1 (en) | 2003-02-13 |
AU755008B2 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
FR2791286B1 (fr) | 2001-05-04 |
AU2064900A (en) | 2000-09-28 |
EP1038612A1 (fr) | 2000-09-27 |
US6679313B2 (en) | 2004-01-20 |
CA2299674A1 (fr) | 2000-09-26 |
US6491089B1 (en) | 2002-12-10 |
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