EP0954847B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung von stosswellen für technische, vorzugsweise medizintechnische anwendungen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung von stosswellen für technische, vorzugsweise medizintechnische anwendungen Download PDFInfo
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- EP0954847B1 EP0954847B1 EP98907846A EP98907846A EP0954847B1 EP 0954847 B1 EP0954847 B1 EP 0954847B1 EP 98907846 A EP98907846 A EP 98907846A EP 98907846 A EP98907846 A EP 98907846A EP 0954847 B1 EP0954847 B1 EP 0954847B1
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K15/00—Acoustics not otherwise provided for
- G10K15/04—Sound-producing devices
- G10K15/06—Sound-producing devices using electric discharge
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for generating of shock waves for technical, preferably medical technology Applications, especially for lithotripsy or Pain therapy, whereby mechanical due to pressure pulsations High energy waves are generated.
- Intensive sound waves or shock waves are used for various applications, the working pressures of which range from a few 10 7 Pa up to 10 8 Pa.
- An example is lithotripsy in medical technology, in which extra-corporal, focused pressure waves at the site of gall or kidney stones generate such a strong shock wave that the stone breaks up into small fragments, which the body naturally does without surgical measures being able to leave.
- a sufficiently high fragmentation of the stone typically requires a few 100 to a few 1000 shock wave applications, ie individual pulses.
- a shock wave generator which generates a sound wave which is already focused or which can be focused in particular by means of acoustic lenses, the focus of which must be at the location of the stone to be destroyed.
- the focal length of the acoustic arrangement should be small, that is to say in the range of a few 10 cm, in order to limit the energy density on the patient's body surface to such an extent, that is to ⁇ 1 J / cm 2 , that the pain resulting from the passage of sound can be controlled by local anesthetics.
- the pulse repetition rate should be around 1 to 5 per second.
- the lifespan of the shock wave generator must be as high as possible, i.e. with some Millions of pulses lie around the treatment of a larger one Number of patients without necessary service or repair work to enable. Throughout the lifespan may the properties of the shock wave generator, in particular Shock wave energy, pulse duration, focus position, etc., not or only slightly change to constant, reproducible Enable work results.
- the generation of the Shock waves should be audible in water or in liquids properties comparable to water, thus efficient sound propagation and transmission in the patient's body via a customized acoustic Impedance between shock wave generator and body possible becomes.
- the focus diameter of the focused shock wave at the location of the stone should be comparable to the dimensions of the stone to ensure an efficient interaction between Reach shock wave and stone.
- Typical wavelengths of the Shock waves are in the range of 1 to 10 mm, accordingly Pulse durations of typically ⁇ 1 ⁇ s. Are correspondingly high the requirements for the quality of the wave front in the shock wave generator, to achieve the required focusability.
- the main disadvantages are in particular with the first-mentioned principle the short lifespan, poor reproducibility and limited scalability of the shock wave transducers, whereby before especially the short lifespan, e.g. just a few 1000 pulses, due to the electrode erosion and the associated Fluctuation in the focus position cause problems.
- Piezoelectric The amplifiers required here have transducers in their mechanical life also severely limited. Electromagnetic transducers currently reach the biggest Lifetimes of typically ⁇ 1 million pulses, however, are out Limited due to electrical and mechanical resilience scalable. An extension of the lifespan several million pulses would be beneficial, as would one broader scalability of sound wave energy and pulse shape.
- DE 10 76 413 B already discloses a sound generation method known in which the field line contraction on a Wire or at the end of a wire or at the constriction point is used by an elastic insulating body, a high field density and thus a high power density in the to reach the vicinity of the wire.
- the object of the invention is one after one Production device for thermohydraulic processes of shock waves with which to indicate without wear problems several million pulses can be generated.
- the invention assumes that a brief heating of a highly conductive electrolyte with the help of a intense electrical impulse the coupled electrical Energy directly and largely lossless in thermal Energy of the electrolyte is converted.
- the heating can be larger, scalable volumes or large, too Capture scalable surfaces simultaneously and homogeneously.
- At heating up a large layer of liquid current density and electrical field strength remain direct current flow largely constant within the liquid layer, the thickness of the liquid layer being less than the wavelength to be generated, the transverse dimension in comparison however, this is great.
- About the thermal expansion of the heated Electrolytes become an increase in pressure in a suitable ambient medium and thus, under suitable conditions, a Pressure wave generated that spread in this medium can.
- thermohydraulic Shock wave converter Due to the principle according to the invention, almost any one Scalability and geometry at the same time almost wear-free behavior of such a thermohydraulic Shock wave converter possible. In contrast to the electrohydraulic Principle generally no concentration of current flow by plasma formation at individual points on the electrodes takes place, the operation of such an arrangement does not lead to erode the electrodes, thereby achieving a long service life is. Due to the spatially homogeneous performance load of the electrolyte is also the membrane or acoustically "permeable" Electrode mechanically loaded very homogeneously, whereby the life of the membrane is also greatly increased Comparison to electromagnetic transducers.
- Arrangements according to the present invention have overall the advantage that by deliberately avoiding field-reinforcing Structures - wires, tips, edges or even Narrowing of the current-carrying area - large area and homogeneously large volumes up to the limit of dielectric strength can be evenly added, so that none Limitation on pulse energy and scalability arise.
- the main advantage of the new arrangement is in that the emerging wave fronts are very even are, so that you have an almost unlimited scalable pulse sound source with high quality of the wavefront.
- thermohydraulic sound transducer with flat electrodes.
- the Sound transducer consists of a fixed, solid electrode 1, a thin and light electrode 2 at a distance s from the electrode 1, the electrolyte 3 of the layer thickness s, and the sound propagation medium 4.
- the fixed electrode 1 and the membrane-shaped electrode 2 are both made of corrosion-resistant media 3 and 4 Made of materials and have smooth surfaces on to the formation of localized discharges to avoid due to excessive field strength at tips etc.
- the product of mass density and speed of sound Electrode 1 is significantly larger than its products Sizes in the electrolyte 3 and the sound propagation medium 4.
- the acoustic impedance of the electrolyte 3 and the sound propagation medium 4 should be as similar as possible and approximately that of water, i.e. the main component of the human Body, conform to good acoustic adjustment between the transducer and the patient's body. 4 is expediently used as the sound propagation medium gas-free, fully demineralized water and as electrolyte 3 one conductive saline solution used.
- a particularly simple embodiment used for that Sound propagation medium 4 the same material as for the Electrolytes 3.
- acoustic Adapt impedance of media 3 and 4 to that of the coupling medium is especially in applications other than medical technology, such as the Rock crushing using shock waves.
- the power supply to electrode 2 must be symmetrical to be the desired symmetry of the pressure wave to be generated via a symmetrical current and power distribution to reach in the electrolyte 3. This is advantageous Maintaining a coaxial power supply up to the electrodes 1 and 2.
- a power pulse generator 5 is connected to the electrodes 1 and 2 and provides electrical energy in the form of short pulses with time periods of typically ⁇ s .
- the pulse generator consists of an energy store in the form of a high-voltage capacitor C, a fast-closing switching element S, and an inductance L formed from the supply lines.
- the switch S When the switch S is closed, the capacitor C discharges via the inductance L and the switch S into the Electrolytes with the internal resistance R.
- An increase in pressure is obtained by shortening the pulse duration, because due to the finite speed of sound, the energy deposited in the electrolyte is distributed over a smaller volume and the pressure rise is accordingly reduced over a shorter distance.
- liquids with a low heat capacity and low compressibility with a high coefficient of thermal expansion are advantageous.
- An example is ethanol, which is mixed with ion-conducting additives.
- an additive for example, an admixture of water with a salt dissolved in it is suitable to achieve the required conductivity.
- pressures of the order of magnitude ⁇ p ⁇ 40 bar are obtained when ethanol is used.
- higher-quality alcohols which are non-flammable at room temperature such as, for example, ethylene glycol or glycerol with salts soluble therein, for example magnesium perchlorate or lithium chloride.
- an advantageous embodiment uses an electrode arrangement with current flow in radial instead of axial Direction and thus leaves higher operating voltages on the electrolyte 3 to.
- the power pulse is sent to one in the Axis of symmetry central electrode 8 and one coaxial with it arranged, cylindrical or annular electrode 7 is applied.
- the current flows in this embodiment in which Rotational symmetry is assumed in the radial direction between the electrodes 7 and 8 in the electrolyte 3. This means that the current flow - in contrast to Figure 1 with a current flow in the liquid layer in the direction of the preferred sound propagation - in this case perpendicular to Direction of sound propagation.
- the electrolyte 3 with the Layer thickness s is insulated on one side by an Plate 9 and on the other side by an also insulating Membrane 10 delimited against the propagation medium 4, to the current flow thereby to the volume with the Limit electrolyte thickness s.
- the electrode stroke s' becomes from s to approximately the radius of the arrangement expanded, which means much higher voltages at the Electrodes are permitted without the risk of breakdown arises in the electrolyte. This can result in the electrolyte 3 a significantly higher energy density is generated, which leads to considerably higher pressure amplitudes than in the case axial current flow.
- Focusing the pressure wave is advantageous in that two electrodes 21 and 22 are not flat, but are concave according to FIG 3. It will so it creates a curved wavefront that is concentric to one incoming pressure wave, which leads to a pronounced Focus at the focal point of the electrode surface Has electrode 21 formed reflector.
- this self-focusing arrangement can be placed on an acoustic lens be dispensed with, so that the aberrations associated with the lens and losses are eliminated.
- Electrodes 21 and 22 Formation of the electrodes 21 and 22 in a convex shape would form spherically expanding shock waves lead e.g. for ultrasound tomography in medical technology as well as in general technology for sonar systems in Water and in the earth's crust, the so-called “geo-mapping", can be used.
- Embodiments can be the geometry of electrodes 1 and 2 have a geometry other than flat or spherical.
- cylindrical electrode shapes for example generate a line focus that is beneficial to precise separation of brittle objects, such as semiconductor wafers, Glass workpieces, ceramic substrates, optical Components, ceramic tiles, etc., or for cleaning larger ones Castings can be used.
- thermohydraulic Optimize shock wave generator for almost every application, at the high mechanical forces only for a short time, i.e. jerky, are needed.
- a regular can be between the two electrodes 1 and 2 or even irregular lattice structure, which serves to increase the distance between the two electrodes define so as to prevent the to avoid Rollovers do not fall below the minimum distance required becomes.
- Appropriately used for the material of Grid an insulating plastic with a dielectric constant similar to that of the electrolyte 3 used between the electrodes 1 and 2. This avoids that it is too local field elevations at the triple points of the transition Electrode - grid - medium 3 comes, which are otherwise undesirable Rollover could result.
- the coupling with the pulse generator is decisive for the dimensioning of the shock wave generator.
- L / C ⁇ 1 ⁇ requires an internal resistance of the electrolyte of R ⁇ 1 ⁇ .
- a corresponding specific resistance is achieved, for example, by aqueous salt solutions with concentrations in the range C ⁇ 1 g / l if the surface A in the range A ⁇ 100 cm 2 and the electrode spacing s are dimensioned with s ⁇ 1 mm.
- the described "Thermohydraulic shock wave generator" on both concave shape of the electrodes as well as a refractive acoustic lens can be dispensed with.
- the structures have to be there be dimensioned so small in the radial direction that both the inevitable deviations from the intended common Focus position can be tolerated, as well as the dielectric strength between the two electrodes through the also inevitable differences in height of the surface structures is not affected.
- the desired one is achieved Effect by concentrating 100 in an electrode surface Rings 11 are screwed, the surface 111 with the originally plan a certain electrode surface Include angle ⁇ so that the ring surfaces 111 to Axis of symmetry of the electrode are inclined.
- the rings 11 can each have a conical shape in cross section, the Surfaces 111 form conical surfaces. Other geometries too are possible.
- the surfaces of the rings 11 form curved surfaces of the body of revolution. There are Spheroid, ellipsoid or paraboloid surfaces possible.
- the angle ⁇ is calculated in such a way that the normal cones are all at the required focus point through the center of the ring with its tip.
- the ring width is advantageously chosen so that the maximum heights of the rings above the mean, ie planar electrode surface are ⁇ 0.25 * d, where d is the mean electrode distance. This does not unduly lower the dielectric strength of the arrangement.
- An additional requirement for the ring width is raised by the permissible deviations of the position of the partial foci from the common focus and the associated broadening of the focus diameter.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
Description
- Das elektrohydraulische Prinzip mit Erzeugung einer sphärisch expandierenden Druckwelle durch einen Unterwasserfunken, und gegebenenfalls Fokussierung mit ellipsoidischen Reflektoren, wozu Ausführungen in Rev.Sc. Instrument 65 (1994), S. 2356 - 2363 und Biomed. Tech. 22 (1977), S. 164 ff. gemacht werden.
- Das piezoelektrische Prinzip mit Erzeugung einer Druckwelle durch Einsatz gepulst betriebener piezoelektrischer Schallwandler, beispielsweise gemäß der DE 33 19 871 A1.
- Das elektromagnetische Prinzip mit Erzeugung einer Druckwelle durch eine elektromagnetisch angetriebene Membran, was im einzelnen in Appl. Phys. Lett. 64 (1994), S 2596-2598 und Acustica 14 (1964), S. 187 beschrieben ist.
- FIG 1
- einen thermohydraulischen Stoßwellengenerator mit ebenen Elektroden und zugehörigem Leistungsimpulsgenerator,
- FIG 2
- einen rotationssymmetrischen thermohydraulischen Stoßwellengenerator und zugehörigem Leistungsimpulsgenerator mit einer radialen Elektrodenanordnung und radialem Stromfluß,
- FIG 3
- einen thermohydraulischen Stoßwellengenerator mit konkaven Elektroden, sowie
- FIG 4 und 5
- eine Draufsicht und einen Schnitt einer spezifischen Ausbildung einer fokussierenden Elektrode.
r >> s
gilt und s < λ, r > λ
ist mit 2*r = Durchmesser der Elektroden 1 und 2, λ = Länge der Stoßwelle, λ = cs*τ mit cs = Schallgeschwindigkeit in den Medien 3 und 4 und τ = Pulsdauer, dehnt sich der Elektrolyt fast ausschließlich in der Richtung senkrecht zur Elektrodenoberfläche aus. Für die relative Schichtdickenänderung erhält man
Symbol | Parameter | Wasser | Ethanol | Einheit |
α | Volumenausdehnungskoeffizient | 2,07*10-4 | 11*10-4 | 1/K |
cs | Schallgeschwindigkeit | 1480 | 1170 | m/s |
κ | Kompressibilität | 0,5*10-9 | 1,17*10-9 | 1/Pa |
ρm | Massendichte | 103 | 789 | kg/m3 |
Ch | Wärmekapazität | 4,18*103 | 2,43*103 | J/kg |
Claims (25)
- Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Stoßwellen für technische, vorzugsweise medizintechnische, Anwendungen, insbesondere für die Lithotripsie oder die Schmerztherapie, wobei durch Druckpulsationen akustische Wellen vorgegebener Wellenlänge hoher Energiedichte erzeugt werden, wozu mit Hilfe eines intensiven elektrischen Impulses elektrische Energie direkt und weitestgehend verlustfrei zur Aufheizung eines leitfähigen, flüssigen Elektrolyten umesetzt wird und somit die Druckpulsationen über eine kurzzeitige Aufheizung des Elektrolyten erzeugt werden, mit einer Anordnung aus zwei Elektroden (1, 2; 7, 8: 21, 22, 31), die den leitfähigen, flüssigen Elektrolyten (3) einschließen und von einem Leistungsimpulsgenerator (5) angesteuert werden, wobei Mittel zur Auskopplung der Druckpulsationen als Schallwellen in ein Schallausbreitungsmedium (4) vorhanden sind.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der leitfähige, flüssige Elektrolyt eine Flüssigkeitsschicht (3) bildet, die an ihren großflächigen Oberflächen von den beiden Elektroden (1, 2, 21, 22) begrenzt ist, die zur Stromeinkopplung benutzt werden und von denen mindestens eine Elektrode (1,2) die Auskopplung der entstehenden Schallwellen ermöglicht.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elektroden (7, 8) die Flüssigkeitsschicht (3) an ihren Schmalseiten begrenzen und zur Stromeinkopplung benutzt werden, wobei die Auskopplung der entstehenden Schallwelle durch eine isolierende Membran (10) ermöglicht wird.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elektrodenanordnung eine erste feststehende massive Elektrode (1, 21, 31) und eine zweite dünne, leichte Elektrode (2, 22) im vorgegebenen Abstand von der ersten Elektrode (1, 21) enthält, wobei zwischen den Elektroden (1, 2, 21, 22) sich der Elektrolyt (3) vorgegebener Schichtdicke (5) befindet.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elektrodenanordnung eine erste feststehende massive Elektrode (1) und eine zweite Elektrode (2) im vorgegebenen Abstand von der ersten Elektrode (1) enthält, wobei die zweite Elektrode (2) aus einem Gitter hoher Transmission besteht.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elektroden (1, 2, 7, 8, 21, 22, 31) aus korrosionsbeständigen Materialien bestehen.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Produkt aus Massendichte und Schallgeschwindigkeit der ersten Elektrode (1) deutlich größer ist als die diesbezüglichen Produkte des Elektrolyten (3) und des Schallausbreitungsmediums (4).
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Produkt aus Massendichte und Schallgeschwindigkeit des Elektrolyten (3) einerseits und des Schallausbreitungsmediums (4) andererseits in etwa gleich groß sind und in etwa dem von Wasser entsprechen.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ebene Elektroden (1, 2) vorhanden sind, mit denen eine ebene Schallwellenfront erzeugt wird.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Elektrodenanordnung (1, 2) eine akustische Linse nachgeschaltet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die schallharte Elektrode (1) eine Strukturierung (11, 111) der Oberfläche (100) aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Strukturierung in konzentrischen Ringen (11) besteht, deren Oberflächen (111) mit der Elektrodenfläche (100) einen vorgegebenen Winkel einschließen.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ringe (11) im Querschnitt jeweils eine Kegelform haben.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberflächen (111) der Ringe (11) Kegelmantelflächen bilden.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberflächen (111) der Ringe (11) konkav gekrümmte Rotationskörperoberflächen, wie beispielsweise Spheroidflächen, Ellipsoidflächen oder Paraboloidflächen, bilden.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens eine, vorzugsweise jedoch zwei konkav ausgebildete Elektroden (21, 22) vorhanden sind, mit denen eine gekrümmte Wellenfront erzeugt wird.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leistungsimpulsgenerator (5) aus einem LC-Glied und einem elektronischen Schaltelement besteht.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrische Leitfähigkeit des Elektrolyten (3) so eingestellt wird, daß die Leistungsanpassung an den Leistungsimpulsgenerator (5) optimiert ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Mittel zur Entgasung des Elektrolyten (3) vorgesehen sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Mittel zur Feinfilterung des Elektrolyten (3) vorgesehen sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Elektrolyt (3) eine Flüssigkeit verwendet wird, deren Wert (ΔV/Vo)/W möglichst groß ist, wobei ΔV/Vo die relative Volumenänderung pro eingetragener Energie W ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Elektrolyt (3) aus einfachen Alkoholen, z.B. Ethanol oder Methanol, mit ionenleitfähigen Zusätzen besteht.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Elektrolyt (3) aus höherwertigen Alkoholen, beispielsweise Ethylenglykol oder Glycerin mit ionenleitfähigen Zusätzen, besteht.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elektrodenform optimiert ist zur Erzeugung eines problemangepaßten, nicht punktförmigen Fokus.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, 10 bis 15 oder 17 bis 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens eine, vorzugsweise jedoch zwei konvex ausgebildete Elektroden vorhanden sind, mit denen eine gekrümmte divergierende Schallwellenfront erzeugt wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19702593 | 1997-01-24 | ||
DE19702593A DE19702593C2 (de) | 1997-01-24 | 1997-01-24 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Stoßwellen für technische, vorzugsweise medizintechnische Anwendungen |
PCT/DE1998/000184 WO1998033171A2 (de) | 1997-01-24 | 1998-01-21 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung von stosswellen für technische, vorzugsweise medizintechnische anwendungen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0954847A2 EP0954847A2 (de) | 1999-11-10 |
EP0954847B1 true EP0954847B1 (de) | 2001-07-18 |
Family
ID=7818297
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98907846A Expired - Lifetime EP0954847B1 (de) | 1997-01-24 | 1998-01-21 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung von stosswellen für technische, vorzugsweise medizintechnische anwendungen |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6383152B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0954847B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2001509045A (de) |
DE (2) | DE19702593C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1998033171A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19743336C2 (de) * | 1997-09-30 | 2002-01-31 | Siemens Ag | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Ultraschallfeldern |
DE10012878B4 (de) * | 2000-03-16 | 2004-09-30 | Siemens Ag | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung akustischer Wellen |
US6787974B2 (en) * | 2000-03-22 | 2004-09-07 | Prorhythm, Inc. | Ultrasound transducer unit and planar ultrasound lens |
DE10053222C2 (de) * | 2000-10-27 | 2002-11-21 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Online-Qualitätskontrolle und zugehörige Vorrichtung |
DE10053481C2 (de) * | 2000-10-27 | 2002-10-24 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Qualitätsprüfung eines elektrischen Bauteils |
DE10053243C2 (de) * | 2000-10-27 | 2002-12-05 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verfeinerung eines Pulvers |
DE10055633C2 (de) * | 2000-11-10 | 2002-10-10 | Siemens Ag | Stoßwellenquelle |
DE10230879A1 (de) * | 2002-07-09 | 2004-01-29 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Kavitation mittels hochintensiver Schallwellenimpulse und zugehörige Anordnung |
US7251195B1 (en) | 2003-10-23 | 2007-07-31 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Apparatus for generating an acoustic signal |
CA2823043C (en) | 2006-10-26 | 2014-08-19 | Xyleco, Inc. | Methods of processing biomass comprising electron-beam radiation |
RU2649370C2 (ru) | 2008-04-30 | 2018-04-02 | Ксилеко, Инк. | Переработка биомассы |
US8212087B2 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2012-07-03 | Xyleco, Inc. | Processing biomass |
US8236535B2 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2012-08-07 | Xyleco, Inc. | Processing biomass |
US7867358B2 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2011-01-11 | Xyleco, Inc. | Paper products and methods and systems for manufacturing such products |
US8776625B2 (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2014-07-15 | Focus-In-Time, LLC | Sonic resonator system for use in biomedical applications |
WO2015111603A1 (ja) * | 2014-01-24 | 2015-07-30 | 国立大学法人東京大学 | 超音波発生素子 |
US9879507B2 (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2018-01-30 | Dennis W. Gilstad | Adaptive stimulation system |
WO2022127506A1 (zh) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-23 | 深圳市赛禾医疗技术有限公司 | 一种压力波发生装置及医疗器械 |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE911222C (de) * | 1943-05-27 | 1954-05-10 | Hermann Papst | Schallsender |
DE1076413B (de) * | 1954-06-02 | 1960-02-25 | Fruengel Frank Dr Ing | Stoss-Schallquelle |
FR1594539A (de) * | 1967-12-14 | 1970-06-08 | ||
DE1911424A1 (de) * | 1969-03-06 | 1970-09-24 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zum Bearbeiten von Werkstuecken mittels Unterwasser-Druckstoessen |
DE3319871A1 (de) * | 1983-06-01 | 1984-12-06 | Richard Wolf Gmbh, 7134 Knittlingen | Piezoelektrischer wandler zur zerstoerung von konkrementen im koerperinnern |
DE3447440A1 (de) * | 1984-12-27 | 1986-07-03 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Stosswellenrohr fuer die zertruemmerung von konkrementen |
DE3763615D1 (de) * | 1986-04-01 | 1990-08-16 | Siemens Ag | Stosswellenquelle mit erhoehtem wirkungsgrad. |
US4703463A (en) * | 1986-04-09 | 1987-10-27 | Bernell Izard | Seismic vibration apparatus |
US4796608A (en) * | 1986-06-16 | 1989-01-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Shock wave generator for an apparatus for non-contacting disintegration of calculi in the body of a life form |
EP0381796B1 (de) * | 1989-02-10 | 1995-08-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Ultraschall-Sensor |
US5251614A (en) * | 1989-06-30 | 1993-10-12 | Technomed International | Method and device interposing an electrically conductive liquid between electrodes and shockwave apparatus for method and device |
FR2649252B1 (fr) * | 1989-06-30 | 1993-01-15 | Technomed Int Sa | Procede et dispositif de decharge d'un arc electrique dans un liquide electriquement conducteur et application au lithotrypteur |
DE3937904C2 (de) * | 1989-11-15 | 1994-05-11 | Dornier Medizintechnik | Verbesserung des Zündverhaltens an einer Unterwasser-Funkenstrecke |
DE9109025U1 (de) * | 1990-08-02 | 1991-12-05 | Siemens AG, 80333 München | Generator zur Erzeugung akustischer Zugimpulse |
US5233972A (en) * | 1990-09-27 | 1993-08-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Shockwave source for acoustic shockwaves |
DE4139024C1 (de) * | 1991-11-27 | 1993-04-15 | Siemens Ag, 8000 Muenchen, De | |
WO1996009621A1 (de) * | 1994-09-21 | 1996-03-28 | Hmt High Medical Technologies Entwicklungs- Und Vertriebs Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung von stosswellen für die medizinische therapie, insbesondere für die elektro-hydraulische lithotripsie |
-
1997
- 1997-01-24 DE DE19702593A patent/DE19702593C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-01-21 DE DE59801035T patent/DE59801035D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-21 WO PCT/DE1998/000184 patent/WO1998033171A2/de active IP Right Grant
- 1998-01-21 EP EP98907846A patent/EP0954847B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-21 JP JP53148698A patent/JP2001509045A/ja not_active Ceased
-
1999
- 1999-07-26 US US09/360,945 patent/US6383152B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19702593A1 (de) | 1998-07-30 |
WO1998033171A2 (de) | 1998-07-30 |
WO1998033171A3 (de) | 1998-11-12 |
EP0954847A2 (de) | 1999-11-10 |
DE19702593C2 (de) | 2000-07-06 |
DE59801035D1 (de) | 2001-08-23 |
JP2001509045A (ja) | 2001-07-10 |
US6383152B1 (en) | 2002-05-07 |
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