EP0813942B1 - Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Formteils, Presse zum Ausführen des Verfahrens und nach dem Verfahren hergestelltes Formteil - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Formteils, Presse zum Ausführen des Verfahrens und nach dem Verfahren hergestelltes Formteil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0813942B1 EP0813942B1 EP97109696A EP97109696A EP0813942B1 EP 0813942 B1 EP0813942 B1 EP 0813942B1 EP 97109696 A EP97109696 A EP 97109696A EP 97109696 A EP97109696 A EP 97109696A EP 0813942 B1 EP0813942 B1 EP 0813942B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- moulded article
- pressing
- layer
- moulded
- cement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
- B28B17/009—Changing the forming elements, e.g. exchanging moulds, dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/52—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres, e.g. asbestos cement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
- B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
- B28B13/0215—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo
- B28B13/022—Feeding several successive layers, optionally of different materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
- B28B17/0063—Control arrangements
- B28B17/0072—Product control or inspection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/0002—Auxiliary parts or elements of the mould
- B28B7/0008—Venting channels, e.g. to avoid vacuum during demoulding or allowing air to escape during feeding, pressing or moulding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/0097—Press moulds; Press-mould and press-ram assemblies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/40—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material
- B28B7/44—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material for treating with gases or degassing, e.g. for de-aerating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/02—Dies; Inserts therefor; Mounting thereof; Moulds
- B30B15/028—Loading or unloading of dies, platens or press rams
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a molded part from at least a mixture with at least the components sand, aggregates, cement and water according to the preamble of claim 1.
- cement-bound products are manufactured using the concrete casting process or by vibration compaction or using pressures in the order of 2 kN / cm 2 .
- Adjustments can be made with the help of setting accelerators or retarders the manufacturing technology are made.
- the curing and drying time until The transportability of the parts is usually more than 10 to 15 hours.
- Vibration and vibrating processes are compaction technologies with enormous machine wear.
- the concrete parts produced with it after impression taking due to the mass consistency not with settling systems removable. Rather, they have to be hardened on a metal sheet later freed from the excess of stoichiometric water in a drying chamber become.
- GB 10 48 047 describes a method for producing stones in which a plastic mixture of sand and cement is pressed using a hydraulic press and the intermediate product thus obtained is then cured under high pressure in a moist environment.
- the cement is first pre- or pre-hydrated, then poured into a mold and pressed and finally hardened in a moist storage room.
- the invention has for its object a method of the aforementioned Specify type with the inexpensive way and without major noise pollution Molded parts with great strength and hardness as well as with good dimensional stability and good Surface quality can be produced, the process without delays should be able to be carried out.
- the object is achieved by the in the characterizing part of Claim 1 specified development of the known method solved.
- the invention is based on the idea that by lowering the water content to a value which makes the mixture free-flowing, the production processes known from dry pressing technology can be transferred to cement-bound building materials.
- the invention is based on the astonishingly simple finding that by pressing a free-flowing mixture with pressures of preferably at least 5 kN / cm 2, the contact between cement and water or binding phase and coarse-grained material is very intensive.
- the setting reactions and the cementing of the system can be carried out much more easily and intensively, whereby in particular the amount of cost-intensive raw material components such as cement can be reduced without having to accept losses in terms of hardness and strength.
- the flexibility of the press technology allows the display to be geometrically more sophisticated Shaped bodies that are not with the conventional technology described at the beginning are producible. Since the water content is reduced so much that the mixture can be poured remains, the existing water can - with the support of the applied pressure - react completely and immediately with the cement, which is why no post-treatment steps, how curing, intermediate storage and drying are required.
- the high pressing pressure of preferably at least 5 kN / cm 2 leads to intimate contact of all the offset components.
- the cement-water connection and distribution in the compacted molding compound are so intense that high strengths can be achieved even with a reduced cement content. This saves considerable costs.
- the cold compressive strength of molded parts produced by the process according to the invention reaches values which cannot be achieved with conventional technology or low pressing pressures.
- the green strength of the molded parts is like this immediately after pressing high that with a robot it can be removed from the press and placed on pallets is easily possible.
- the green stability allows the molded parts to be stacked in up to to seven layers, what with previous methods because of the lack of strength was not possible.
- the density values of the molded parts achieved with the method according to the invention lie above those that have been manufactured on vibratory or vibratory presses.
- the Porosities are less than 1% for gross offsets. These values are with conventional methods unreachable and bring frost resistance to that of natural stones equal. Fine offsets that cannot be produced conventionally can be eliminated with the Compact the method according to the invention without problems. This is the first time that sands have been bonded with cement can be produced in this way.
- the surface quality of molded parts by the method according to the invention significantly better than in known methods.
- Mold quick-change systems on high-pressure presses therefore enable "just-in-time” production and delivery.
- Vibrators and vibrators are subject to considerable wear. So they are too Service life correspondingly short.
- the method according to the invention also offers the here considerable advantage that the molds are not subject to such wear.
- the mixing ratio of water and cement almost stoichiometric. This ensures that on the one hand not much cement is added unnecessarily, which the costs are kept low. On the other hand, it is ensured that the admixed Water reacts completely, so no drying is necessary afterwards is.
- the proportion of substances with a particle size of less than 2 mm (diameter) in the starting mixture more than 40% of the total mass is.
- a deaeration step can be carried out according to the invention be provided during the pressing.
- the molding compound before pressing and / or during pressing with negative pressure for example Vacuum, is applied.
- a mold is filled with a region of reduced thickness in the Comparison with another area with lower post stamp in the area less Thickness. This achieves uniform compression of the molded part to be produced.
- two or more mixtures are layered be pressed one behind the other in the pressing direction.
- This can, for example poor quality material or less visually appealing inside the molded part Material to be used.
- Surface patterns or color compositions in the outer layer display easily without the inner core being designed accordingly would. Reliefs can also be reproduced.
- the cost of colored bodies is considerable cheaper to produce.
- At least one layer of the molded part can be added to the in without Pressing layer behind are pressed.
- the stratification described above can alternatively or additionally in Direction transverse to the pressing direction can be realized.
- a cover layer of the molded part can be applied as a slurry.
- the invention prefers that a deviation in the height of the two molded parts previously produced molded part determined from a predetermined height and the filling for the Pressing the molded part to be produced later from the two molded parts on the basis the filling for the pressing of the previously produced molded part and the deviation is made.
- This feedback of a test result is a very simple one A way has been found to ensure the dimensional accuracy of molded parts.
- the filling of the molded part to be produced later can be like the filling of the Molding produced earlier can be made if the deviation within a Bandwidth of + -2% of the specified height of the molded part. This measure is simplified the manufacturing process if a predetermined bandwidth is adhered to, which is why correction steps can be saved in such a case. Of course larger and smaller bandwidths are also conceivable.
- a molded part produced using the method according to the invention can be reinforced included, preferably fibers, needles and / or chips.
- the material at least one of the surfaces of the molded part is resistant to abrasion. Because of course abrasion-resistant materials are more expensive than other materials, this can save costs be that just a particularly large surface exposed to stress abrasion resistant material. Of course, the whole for the molded part used material should be designed to be resistant to abrasion.
- the material can be on at least one of the surfaces of the molded part to be elastic. This configuration comes especially for the top of the molded part in the form of a building block. But it can also be neighboring Blocks facing sides must be elastic to accommodate any shifts to be able to compensate. Of course, the same applies here as well Molding material used can be elastic.
- the molding advantageously contains waste and / or recycling products, whereby it is can be residues from incinerators, ashes, dusts, etc.
- the mixture can also silt sands and / or alpha hydrate as an additive contain.
- the molded part can not only be a building block, but also also act as a container and / or a pipe.
- the press shown in FIG. 1 with the mold changing system is the one Hydrofast shape change concept.
- the system includes one designated by reference number 10 Press with an upper stamp 12, a mold frame 14 and a lower stamp 16th
- This shape change system enables a semi-automatic shape change of the complete mold package. For this, after loosening the upper stamp 12, the lower stamp 16 and the mold frame 14, the entire mold package via a hydraulic cylinder 18 pushed on a trestle 20 in front of the press 10.
- Fig. 2 shows the partially sectioned plan view of a press by the applicant is marketed under the name Sigma 650 ZS.
- the press is with the reference number 22 designated. It has three filling slides 24, 26 and 28, each in Double arrows indicated directions are displaceable relative to the press.
- the filling slide serve to fill different cover or base materials.
- Fig. 3a shows a molded part that has two areas of different thickness, namely a thinner area (Zone A) and a thicker area (Zone B).
- FIG. 3b schematically shows a press mold for producing the molded part according to FIG. 3a.
- the lower stamp for filling the mold is partially i.e. in zone A up to the dash line 30 shown in FIG. 3b.
- the mold leads to the same compression in both zones A and B. with a factor of 2: 1.
- Path shutdown The automatic termination of the compression process after the specified one has been covered Path of the stamp.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- schematisch eine Presse mit einem Formschnellwechselsystem,
- Fig. 2
- schematisch eine Presse mit drei Füllschiebem und
- Fig. 3
- eine schematische Erläuterung der Vorgehensweise bei der Unterstempelanhebung.
Claims (10)
- Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Formteils aus mindestens einer Mischung mit mindestens den Bestandteilen Sand, Zuschlagstoffe, Zement und Wasser, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zu einer rieselfähigen Mischung vermischten Bestandteile, wobei der Anteil von Stoffen mit einer Partikelgröße von weniger als 2 mm Durchmesser in der Ausgangsmischung mehr als 40 % Gesamtmasse beträgt, mit einem zur vollständigen Reaktion des Zementes ausreichenden Wasseranteil mit die unverzügliche Reaktion von Wasser und Zement beschleunigenden Drücken von mindestens 5 kN/cm2 zu einem Formteil verpreßt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch einen Entlüftungsschritt während des Verpressens.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch Beaufschlagen der Preßmasse mit Unterdruck vor dem Verpressen und/oder während des Verpressens.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, bei dem eine Presse mit einer Preßform mit anhebbarem Unterstempel mit dem Schüttgut befüllt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Befüllen der Preßform mit einem Bereich (A) geringerer Dicke im Vergleich mit einem anderen Bereich (B) unter Unterstempelanhebung in dem Bereich (A) geringerer Dicke erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei oder mehr Mischungen schichtweise in Preßrichtung hintereinanderliegend verpreßt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens eine Schicht des Formteils ohne Bindemittelzusatz in die in Preßrichtung dahinterliegende Schicht eingedrückt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei oder mehr Mischungen schichtweise in Richtung quer zur Preßrichtung hintereinanderliegend verpreßt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Deckschicht des Formteils als Slurry aufgebracht wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, bei dem mindestens zwei Formteile nacheinander hergestellt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Abweichung der Höhe des von den beiden Formteilen früher hergestellten Formteils von einer vorgegebenen Höhe ermittelt und die Füllung für die Pressung des von den beiden Formteilen später hergestellten Formteils auf der Grundlage der Füllung für die Pressung des früher hergestellten Formteils und der Abweichung vorgenommen wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Füllung für die Pressung des später herzustellenden Formteils wie die Füllung des früher hergestellten Formteils vorgenommen wird, wenn die Abweichung innerhalb einer Bandbreite von +-2 % der vorgegebenen Formteilhöhe liegt.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19624298 | 1996-06-18 | ||
DE19624298A DE19624298B4 (de) | 1996-06-18 | 1996-06-18 | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Formteils |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0813942A1 EP0813942A1 (de) | 1997-12-29 |
EP0813942B1 true EP0813942B1 (de) | 2003-12-10 |
Family
ID=7797270
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97109696A Expired - Lifetime EP0813942B1 (de) | 1996-06-18 | 1997-06-13 | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Formteils, Presse zum Ausführen des Verfahrens und nach dem Verfahren hergestelltes Formteil |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0813942B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH10180731A (de) |
KR (1) | KR980000701A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1084659C (de) |
DE (2) | DE19624298B4 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2213188T3 (de) |
PT (1) | PT813942E (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19944341C2 (de) * | 1999-09-15 | 2002-03-07 | Perlite Gmbh | Bauplatte |
DE10152114A1 (de) * | 2001-10-23 | 2003-04-30 | Dorst Masch & Anlagen | Pressenanordnung, insbesondere zum Pressen von keramischen Presslingen |
JP2006075717A (ja) * | 2004-09-09 | 2006-03-23 | Nippon Steel Corp | 炭酸ガスの利用方法 |
ES2385574T3 (es) * | 2004-12-24 | 2012-07-26 | Metten, Stein+Design Gmbh & Co. Kg | Procedimiento para la fabricación de bloques de hormigón o losas de hormigón |
DE102014010259A1 (de) | 2014-07-11 | 2016-01-14 | Metten Stein + Design Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Betonelementen |
CN104476657B (zh) * | 2014-11-27 | 2016-08-24 | 日照光慧机械设备有限公司 | 全自动压瓦机机械臂 |
CN112277134B (zh) * | 2020-10-14 | 2022-03-18 | 安徽省亚欧陶瓷有限责任公司 | 一种全自动陶瓷热压铸机 |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE525059C (de) * | 1931-05-18 | Scheidhauer & Giessing Akt Ges | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Formlings aus mehreren Stoffschichten | |
US2067401A (en) * | 1932-07-28 | 1937-01-12 | Hydraulics Inc | Method and apparatus for the pressing of plastic and dry compositions |
FR973794A (fr) * | 1947-10-25 | 1951-02-14 | Perfectionnements apportés aux procédés de fabrication de carreaux, dalles ou similaires, en une matière à base de ciment, et aux produits obtenus | |
FR1008672A (fr) * | 1948-05-10 | 1952-05-20 | Procédé de fabrication de briques, toitures, carreaux, etc., avec des décombres et un liant | |
DE820801C (de) * | 1948-10-19 | 1951-11-12 | Oswald Koenig | Kunststein, insbesondere Baustein und Vorrichtung zu seiner Herstellung |
US2672670A (en) * | 1949-02-18 | 1954-03-23 | Eugene T Rhodes | Method of making building material |
GB1048047A (en) * | 1962-10-02 | 1966-11-09 | Northern Brick Company Belfast | Improvements in or relating to bricks |
FR1511233A (fr) * | 1966-02-11 | 1968-01-26 | Ici Ltd | Prodédé de fabrication d'objets conformés avec une matière de liaison hydraulique |
CH528648A (de) * | 1971-09-07 | 1972-09-30 | Hans Schneider Unternehmer | Plattenförmiges Bauelement und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE2244698A1 (de) * | 1972-09-12 | 1974-03-28 | Dorst Keramikmasch | Verfahren und presse zur herstellung keramischer fliesen |
DE2264247A1 (de) * | 1972-12-30 | 1974-07-11 | Krupp Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von formlingen |
US4036570A (en) * | 1974-06-03 | 1977-07-19 | Besser Company | Cementitious product making system with product height gauging mechanism |
SE7504404L (sv) * | 1975-04-16 | 1976-10-17 | Cementa Ab | Sett att tillverka produkter innehallande hydrauliska bindemedel |
AU4193278A (en) * | 1978-11-24 | 1980-05-29 | Grace F R | Manufacture of cement sheets |
DE8904320U1 (de) * | 1989-04-07 | 1989-06-08 | Henke Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co Kg, 4952 Porta Westfalica | Maschine zum Herstellen von Betonteilen |
KR0180557B1 (ko) * | 1990-12-26 | 1999-03-20 | 후까이 히로도시 | 벽돌 압착기 |
FR2688162B1 (fr) * | 1992-03-04 | 1995-06-16 | Demler Sa | Procede pour fabriquer des elements en beton moule sous pression et appareil pour la mise en óoeuvre de ce procede. |
-
1996
- 1996-06-18 DE DE19624298A patent/DE19624298B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-06-13 PT PT97109696T patent/PT813942E/pt unknown
- 1997-06-13 ES ES97109696T patent/ES2213188T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-13 EP EP97109696A patent/EP0813942B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-13 DE DE59711092T patent/DE59711092D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-17 KR KR1019970025208A patent/KR980000701A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-06-18 JP JP9196300A patent/JPH10180731A/ja active Pending
- 1997-06-18 CN CN97113952A patent/CN1084659C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0813942A1 (de) | 1997-12-29 |
JPH10180731A (ja) | 1998-07-07 |
KR980000701A (ko) | 1998-03-30 |
DE19624298A1 (de) | 1998-01-02 |
CN1084659C (zh) | 2002-05-15 |
DE59711092D1 (de) | 2004-01-22 |
PT813942E (pt) | 2004-04-30 |
ES2213188T3 (es) | 2004-08-16 |
DE19624298B4 (de) | 2008-04-17 |
CN1173420A (zh) | 1998-02-18 |
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