EP0761431B1 - Feuchtwerk für eine Offsetdruckmaschine - Google Patents
Feuchtwerk für eine Offsetdruckmaschine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0761431B1 EP0761431B1 EP96110863A EP96110863A EP0761431B1 EP 0761431 B1 EP0761431 B1 EP 0761431B1 EP 96110863 A EP96110863 A EP 96110863A EP 96110863 A EP96110863 A EP 96110863A EP 0761431 B1 EP0761431 B1 EP 0761431B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- roller
- damping
- dampening
- receiving
- contact
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F7/00—Rotary lithographic machines
- B41F7/20—Details
- B41F7/24—Damping devices
- B41F7/26—Damping devices using transfer rollers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a dampening system for an offset printing press, which has an inking unit and a plate cylinder carrying a printing form is operatively connected.
- a dampening unit of this type is known from DE 3 416 845 A1. After that there is a Dampening unit essentially from a supply device for the dampening solution, a device for dosing the dampening solution film as well as an applicator roller covering the dampening solution film transferred to a plate cylinder and coupled with the neighboring inking unit or can be operated separately.
- the dampening roller can Plate cylinders have a different peripheral speed, so that for example A wiping effect that removes foreign particles is created.
- GB-A-20 35 903 is a dampening unit for rotary printing presses with one Duktorwalze, a dampening roller and an intermediate and application roller known.
- the intermediate and applicator roller is one after the point of contact with the plate cylinder Subordinate inking roller as a contact point, the one receiving a dampening solution Buffer roller is also subordinated as a further contact point.
- This buffer roller should temporarily store a dampening solution excess and gradually to the intermediate and Return the application roller. The dampening solution excess results from that of Dampening unit fed to the intermediate and applicator roller, but from the plate cylinder channel not included, supply of dampening solution.
- the object of the invention is to improve the print quality by a uniform, trouble-free Dampening solution supply to the plate cylinder, especially when processing special inks in the form of printing inks with metallic pigment components, such as effect colors or opaque white, noticeably improve. According to the invention, this is solved by the Training features of claim 1. Further training results from the subclaims.
- At least one dampening agent-absorbing first roller is assigned as a rider roller after the contact point of dampening roller and plate cylinder of the dampening roller. Adjacent to the rider roll is an additional, but ink-absorbing, second roll (also called a tandem roll), which is also in contact with the dampening roll. After the contact point of the dampening roller / plate cylinder, a subject-related structure of dampening solution and ink forms on the dampening roller.
- the dampening solution-absorbing roller separates the dampening solution from the ink, so that the downstream ink-absorbing roller (tandem roller) equalizes the remaining ink structure.
- dampening solution supply from the dampening device can be reduced in the dampening system according to the invention and the use of alcohol can also be reduced.
- the roller arrangement ensures that the ink / fountain solution equilibrium is reached quickly while constantly producing a very thin dampening film in connection with the dampening device.
- a platter cylinder 1 is operatively connected to a dampening unit 4.
- the inking unit 3 consists of several inking rollers 11, which with ink feed rollers (no further designated) are connected.
- the dampening unit 4 is - in the direction of rotation of the plate cylinder 1 considered - upstream of the inking unit 3 and in the present example consists of a Fountain solution container 8, a dampening device 6, a dampening device 7 and one Dampening roller 5.
- Dampening agent tank 8 and dampening roller 6 form the dampening agent supply device 12 and the moist metering device 7 forms the already very thin one Dampening solution film.
- the dampening roller 5 is a dampening roller 9 assigned in contact.
- the roller 9 is after the contact point of the dampening roller 5 / plate cylinder 1 downstream of the dampening roller 5 in its direction of rotation. She is simultaneously arranged as a bridge roller in the present example by the roller 9 with the first inking roller 11 of the inking unit in the direction of rotation of the plate cylinder 1 3 can be brought into contact. This switching position of the roller 9, represented by a broken line, is used to couple the dampening unit 4 with the inking unit 3 for washing the rollers.
- the dampening roller 5 is a printing ink in the direction of rotation after the roller 9 receiving roller 10 arranged in contact with the dampening roller 5.
- the rollers 9 and 10 are coupled to an axially acting traversing drive. Roller 9 has one Surface coating made of matt chrome and roller 10 from a surface coating Plastic, e.g. Rilsan, on.
- the dampening unit 4 is decoupled from the inking unit 3 at a separation point, since the dampening roller 9 is separated from the first inking roller 11.
- the Dampening roller 5 is used with a to the peripheral speed of the plate cylinder 1st same or different peripheral speed via a switchable positive drive operated.
- the rotary movement of the plate cylinder 1 is non-positive (by means of Friction) transferred to the inking roller 11.
- the fountain solution leading roller 9 can in a further training also a surface made of stainless steel or a dampening solution absorbing ceramic material.
- the surface can still be made of silicon metal be formed or at least contain silicon in the surface.
- the roller 10 has an ink receiving surface.
- the dampening roller 9 leading to the dampening roller with different or be operated at the same peripheral speed.
- the roller leading the dampening solution 9 downstream roller 10 can also in different or the same peripheral speed to be operated to the dampening roller 5.
- the cylinder jacket length the rollers 9 and 10 are preferably identical to the length of the circular arc of the channel the plate cylinder 1.
- 5 / plate cylinder forms after the contact point of the dampening roller 1 on the dampening roller 5 a structure of dampening solution and ink.
- this structure is destroyed.
- the roller 9 has a locking function (compared to the color), which is noticeable the return transport of ink in the dampening unit 4 prevented and at the same time a stable dampening solution metering guaranteed in the form of a very thin wet film.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Rotary Presses (AREA)
- Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
Description
Die Walzenanordnung gewährleistet ein schnelles Errreichen des Farb-/Feuchtmittelgleichgewichtes bei konstanter Erzeugung eines sehr dünnen Feuchtfilmes in Verbindung mit der Feuchtdosiereinrichtung.
- Fig. 1
- ein Druckwerk mit einem zum Farbwerk entkoppelten Feuchtwerk,
- 1
- Plattenzylinder
- 2
- Gummituchzylinder
- 3
- Farbwerk
- 4
- Feuchtwerk
- 5
- Feuchtauftragwalze
- 6
- Feuchtduktor
- 7
- Feuchtdosiereinrichtung
- 8
- Feuchtmittelbehälter
- 9
- Feuchtmittel aufnehmende Walze
- 10
- Druckfarbe aufnehmende Walze
- 11
- Farbauftragwalze
- 12
- Feuchtmittelzuführeinrichtung
Claims (4)
- Feuchtwerk für eine Offsetdruckmaschine mit einem eine Druckform tragenden Plattenzylinder, der mit an- und abstellbaren Auftragwalzen eines Farbwerkes und eines Feuchtwerkes, welches eine Feuchtmittelzuführeinrichtung sowie eine der Feuchtmittelzuführeinrichtung benachbarte Feuchtmitteldosierung aufweist, in Wirkverbindung steht, wobei mindestens eine dem Plattenzylinder (1) benachbarte Feuchtauftragwalze (5) mit diesem eine Kontaktstelle für den Feuchtmittelauftrag bildet,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in Drehrichtung der Feuchtauftragwalze (5) dieser Kontaktstelle für den Feuchtmittelauftrag eine der Feuchtauftragwalze (5) benachbarte Feuchtmittelzuführeinrichtung (12) als erste Kontaktstelle vorgeordnet ist, daß eine Feuchtmittel aufnehmende erste Walze (9) der Feuchtauftragwalze (5) in deren Drehrichtung nach der Kontaktstelle für den Feuchtmittelauftrag als zweite Kontaktstelle nachgeordnet ist und daß der ersten Walze (9) ein Druckfarbe aufnehmende zweite Walze (10) in Drehrichtung der Feuchtauftragwalze (5) in Kontakt nachgeordnet ist, daß die Feuchtauftragwalze (5) mit gleicher oder ungleicher Umfangsgeschwindigkeit zum Plattenzylinder (1) rotiert und daß die Feuchtmittel aufnehmende erste Walze (9) und die Druckfarbe aufnehmende zweite Walze (10) mit gleicher oder ungleicher Umfangsgeschwindigkeit zur Feuchtauftragwalze (5) rotieren und mit einem axial verreibenden Changierhub gekoppelt sind. - Feuchtwerk nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Feuchtmittel aufnehmende erste Walze (9) als Brückenwalze zum benachbarten Farbwerk (3) schaltbar ist. - Feuchtwerk nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Feuchtmittel aufnehmende erste Walze (9) eine Oberfläche aus Chrom oder Edelstahl oder einer Feuchtmittel aufnehmenden Keramik aufweisen oder zumindestens Silizium in der Oberfläche enthalten. - Feuchtwerk nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Druckfarbe aufnehmende zweite Walze (10) eine Oberfläche aus Kunststoff aufweist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19529204A DE19529204C2 (de) | 1995-08-09 | 1995-08-09 | Feuchtwerk für eine Offsetdruckmaschine |
DE19529204 | 1995-08-09 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0761431A1 EP0761431A1 (de) | 1997-03-12 |
EP0761431B1 true EP0761431B1 (de) | 1999-10-27 |
Family
ID=7769035
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96110863A Expired - Lifetime EP0761431B1 (de) | 1995-08-09 | 1996-07-05 | Feuchtwerk für eine Offsetdruckmaschine |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5743183A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0761431B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH09118006A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE186015T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19529204C2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE29706932U1 (de) * | 1997-04-17 | 1997-06-05 | MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG, 63075 Offenbach | Feuchtwerk für eine Offsetdruckmaschine |
DE29807386U1 (de) * | 1998-04-23 | 1998-08-06 | MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG, 63075 Offenbach | Farbwerk für eine Bogenoffsetdruckmaschine |
DE19834784A1 (de) * | 1998-08-01 | 2000-02-03 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Erhaltung eines dem Fortdruck nahen Farbprofils |
DE19840601C2 (de) * | 1998-09-05 | 2001-10-11 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Auftragwerk für Feuchtflüssigkeit |
JP4672428B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-28 | 2011-04-20 | リョービ株式会社 | 渡しローラの着脱装置 |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE139816C (de) * | ||||
US3911815A (en) * | 1972-05-02 | 1975-10-14 | Roland Offsetmaschf | Mechanism for dampening the printing plate of an offset printing press |
DE2620381A1 (de) * | 1976-05-08 | 1977-11-17 | Weitmann & Konrad | Walze zum uebertragen waessriger feuchtmittel |
DD139816A1 (de) * | 1978-11-15 | 1980-01-23 | Hans Johne | Feuchtwerk |
DD144155B1 (de) * | 1979-06-06 | 1988-04-27 | Hans Johne | Feuchtwerk fuer rotations-offsetdruckmaschinen |
EP0040192A1 (de) * | 1979-11-05 | 1981-11-25 | Dahlgren Manufacturing Company | Tragbarer farbbehälter |
GB2082121B (en) * | 1980-08-14 | 1984-11-28 | Komori Printing Mach | Water supply apparatus for printing press |
IT1205429B (it) * | 1981-12-15 | 1989-03-23 | Luigi Ghisalberti | Metodo e dispositivo di bagnatura nella stampa offset |
US4724764B1 (en) * | 1983-05-11 | 1994-09-20 | Baldwin Technology Corp | Dampening system |
JPS59212268A (ja) * | 1983-05-11 | 1984-12-01 | ボ−ルドウイン・テクノロジイ・コ−ポレイシヨン | 平版印刷機における給湿装置及び方法 |
GB2151186B (en) * | 1983-12-12 | 1987-09-09 | Baldwin Technology Corp | Dampening system |
DE3832527A1 (de) * | 1987-09-29 | 1989-04-13 | Jpe Kk | Befeuchtungssystem fuer eine offsetdruckmaschine |
US4932319A (en) * | 1988-10-26 | 1990-06-12 | Ryco Graphic Manufacturing, Inc. | Spray dampening system for offset press |
DE3908044C1 (de) * | 1989-03-13 | 1990-05-17 | Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag, 6050 Offenbach, De | |
DE3923636C2 (de) * | 1989-07-17 | 1996-05-23 | Kotterer Grafotec | Druckvorrichtung |
DE4011039C2 (de) * | 1990-04-05 | 1996-03-14 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Verfahren zum Befeuchten und Einfärben eines Plattenzylinders einer Mehrfarben-Offset-Bogenrotationsdruckmaschine |
FR2663588B1 (fr) * | 1990-06-21 | 1992-10-09 | Marinoni Harris Sa | Systeme de mouillage a film pour presse offset rotative. |
DE4321183C2 (de) * | 1992-07-09 | 2002-12-12 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Feuchtwerkswalze einer Druckmaschine |
DE4404989C2 (de) * | 1994-02-17 | 1995-11-30 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Offsetdruckvorrichtung |
-
1995
- 1995-08-09 DE DE19529204A patent/DE19529204C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-07-05 AT AT96110863T patent/ATE186015T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-05 DE DE59603467T patent/DE59603467D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-07-05 EP EP96110863A patent/EP0761431B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-07 JP JP8208474A patent/JPH09118006A/ja active Pending
- 1996-08-09 US US08/694,990 patent/US5743183A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH09118006A (ja) | 1997-05-06 |
ATE186015T1 (de) | 1999-11-15 |
DE19529204A1 (de) | 1997-02-13 |
EP0761431A1 (de) | 1997-03-12 |
DE59603467D1 (de) | 1999-12-02 |
DE19529204C2 (de) | 1997-08-14 |
US5743183A (en) | 1998-04-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE3237868A1 (de) | Druckwerk fuer den zeitungs- und zeitschriftendruck | |
EP0280957B1 (de) | Farbwerk für eine Rotations-Offsetdruckmaschine | |
EP1286837B1 (de) | Kurzfarbwerk einer rotationsdruckmaschine | |
EP0518892B1 (de) | Kurzfarbwerk für eine rollenrotationsdruckmaschine | |
DE19934395B4 (de) | Farbwerk in einer Rotations-Offsetdruckmaschine mit einer Farbauftragswalze zur Verringerung des Perleffekts der Druckfarbe | |
EP0761431B1 (de) | Feuchtwerk für eine Offsetdruckmaschine | |
EP0761432B1 (de) | Feuchtwerk für eine Offsetdruckmaschine | |
DE19732497A1 (de) | Glättwalze in einem Druckwerk einer Rotationsdruckmaschine | |
DE29706932U1 (de) | Feuchtwerk für eine Offsetdruckmaschine | |
DE4424891C2 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens zum Einfärben einer "wasserlosen" Flachdruckplatte | |
DE2302261B2 (de) | Farbwerk fuer eine rotations-druckmaschine | |
DE3906647A1 (de) | Kurzfarbwerk | |
DE7322211U (de) | Rotations-offsetdruckmaschine | |
EP1698463B1 (de) | Feuchtwerk für eine Offsetdruckeinheit einer Druckmaschine | |
EP0839652B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Reinigung von Zylindern und Walzen in einer Druckmaschine | |
DE4101797A1 (de) | Kurzfarbwerk fuer eine rollenrotationsdruckmaschine | |
DE10020227B4 (de) | Offsetdruckwerk für eine Druckmaschine | |
DE3226121A1 (de) | Farbwerk fuer druckmaschinen | |
DE102004042262B4 (de) | Rotationsdruckmaschine | |
DE2343935A1 (de) | Feuchtwerk fuer rotations-offsetdruckmaschinen | |
DE102004039821A1 (de) | Druckeinheit sowie Feuchtwerk | |
DE2333891A1 (de) | Von einem farbwerk getrennt angeordnetes feuchtwerk fuer rotationsoffsetdruckmaschinen | |
DE9002946U1 (de) | Kurzfarbwerk für eine Rollenrotationsdruckmaschine | |
DE9101617U1 (de) | Kurzfarbwerk für eine Rollenrotationsdruckmaschine | |
DE102006026868A1 (de) | Auftragswerk für eine Rotationsdruckmaschine |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19960719 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19980223 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 186015 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19991115 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: NV Representative=s name: E. BLUM & CO. PATENTANWAELTE |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19991027 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59603467 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19991202 |
|
PLBQ | Unpublished change to opponent data |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS OPPO |
|
PLBI | Opposition filed |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260 |
|
PLBF | Reply of patent proprietor to notice(s) of opposition |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS OBSO |
|
26 | Opposition filed |
Opponent name: KOENIG & BAUER AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT Effective date: 20000707 |
|
NLR1 | Nl: opposition has been filed with the epo |
Opponent name: KOENIG & BAUER AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT |
|
PLBF | Reply of patent proprietor to notice(s) of opposition |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS OBSO |
|
PLBO | Opposition rejected |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS REJO |
|
PLBN | Opposition rejected |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009273 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: OPPOSITION REJECTED |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
27O | Opposition rejected |
Effective date: 20010830 |
|
NLR2 | Nl: decision of opposition | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20020619 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20020625 Year of fee payment: 7 Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20020625 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20020626 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20020628 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20020711 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020731 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020731 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030201 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20030201 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030705 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030705 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030706 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20030705 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040331 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20050705 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20080722 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20100202 |