EP0735251B1 - Abgaskrümmer für eine Brennkraftmaschine - Google Patents
Abgaskrümmer für eine Brennkraftmaschine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0735251B1 EP0735251B1 EP96100965A EP96100965A EP0735251B1 EP 0735251 B1 EP0735251 B1 EP 0735251B1 EP 96100965 A EP96100965 A EP 96100965A EP 96100965 A EP96100965 A EP 96100965A EP 0735251 B1 EP0735251 B1 EP 0735251B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- outer shell
- exhaust manifold
- inner pipe
- radius
- curvature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
- F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
- F01N13/102—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds having thermal insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
- F01N13/141—Double-walled exhaust pipes or housings
Definitions
- the invention relates to an exhaust manifold for an internal combustion engine, the specified in the preamble of claim 1 Genus.
- EP 0 582 985 A1 describes an exhaust manifold for exhaust gas routing known from an internal combustion engine, which from a multi-part inner shell and one surrounding it at a distance Outer shell and flange means for connecting the Inner tube to several spaced cylinder outlet channels the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, for Connection of an exhaust pipe an output flange is provided, which is attached to the inner shell.
- the outer shell is there from shell parts that are together at their edges are connected and encloses the inner shell at its in the flange means guided ends. That way a space is formed between the inner shell and the outer shell, which are used for air gap insulation or with a Insulating material can be filled.
- the flange means are for everyone Connections of the inner shell to the cylinder head in the form of a continuous flange plate as a so-called composite flange trained who in relation to the essential thinner sheet thicknesses of the inner shell and the outer shell is dimensionally stable and inelastic. Therefore, the connection areas of the individual sections of the inner shell as Sliding seat designed to be different strong strains caused by temperature changes can be compensated. To seal such Sliding seat connections are additional sealing elements provided that the exhaust gas emerges from the inner shell in the space between the outer shell and the inner shell prevented.
- Such an arrangement is complicated under construction, expensive to manufacture and also due to of the composite flange has a high weight.
- DE-GM 80 04 882 describes an exhaust manifold which has four individual flanges in a row, the two middle individual flanges with a first Inner tube and the two outer individual flanges with one second inner tube are connected.
- Each of these inner tubes has an outer shell, these outer shells made of two each connected at their edges Shell parts are composed and the respective Inner tube at its ends led into the flange means enclose. There is a between the inner tube and the outer shell Space to form air gap insulation.
- the invention has for its object an exhaust manifold the genus mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 to develop such that a simple structure, a reduction of the total weight and a long service life becomes.
- the advantages of the exhaust manifold according to the invention are not only in the reduction in weight and lower manufacturing costs to see, but also in the longer shelf life, especially with regard to the outer shell.
- the latter is achieved in that due to the design the outer shell does not have tight radii and through the design of the seams between the input flanges resulting tensions are significantly lower than with the known constructions.
- a preferred embodiment of the subject matter of the invention is that the straight section of the Connect outer shell seam to lateral arches, the outer Ends are connected to the inner tube.
- the exhaust manifold be designed so that the arc of the outer shell seam a middle section and adjoining it laterally Sections includes, the radius of curvature of the middle Section is greater than the radius of curvature of the lateral Sections.
- the radius of curvature of the middle Section about five times the radius of curvature of the side sections.
- the outer shell is expediently composed of two half-shells formed, which have several seams, of which the between larger seams at the entrance flanges Have a distance to the inner tube than the other seams. This creates a box construction through which in the areas adjacent to the inlet flanges there is a greater distance between the inner tube and the outer shell results.
- the outer shell preferably has one between the input flanges and orthogonal roughly the shape of a Drop on.
- the shape of the flanged edges is especially for certain connection methods, for example laser welding to draw.
- the pin seam is overlapping Formed edges, the overlap portions preferably is about 4 mm. All seams of the outer shell are welded.
- the inner tube 2 comprises an arc piece 6, a T-shaped Center piece 7 and a Y-shaped connector 8, wherein each of pieces 6, 7 and 8 on one of the input flanges 10, 11, 12 connected and the connector 8 with a connecting piece 9 formed thereon in the output flange 5 is attached in the manner of a sliding seat.
- the Elbow piece 6 has the input flange 10 removed on it lying end a connecting portion 16 which in inserted a sleeve portion 17 of the middle piece 7 and in this against the outside of the inner tube 2, possibly with little play.
- one is Connection between the middle piece 7 and the connector 8 provided by a connecting section 16 ' on the middle piece 7 and a sleeve section 17 'on the connecting piece 8th.
- the outer shell 3 consists of a first half shell 14 and a second half-shell 15, the edges of which at seams 18, 19, 20 and 21 lie against each other and welded together are.
- the first seam 18 extends between the Input flanges 10 and 11, the second seam 19 between the input flanges 11 and 12, the third seam 20 follows at a radial distance from the contour of the connector 8 between the input flange 12 and the output flange 5 and the fourth seam 21 runs at a radial distance from the inner tube 2 from the input flange 10 to the output flange 5.
- the first and second lie Seam 18, 19 in a plane E near the flange plane, wherein the course of the seams 18, 19 at least over a section 38 is approximately straight and to the inlet flanges 10, 11, 12 out in an arc 13 with a large radius pass over.
- rings 30, 30 ' which consist of a material, which dissolves when heated accordingly.
- Polyethylene can be considered as a material that is residue-free burns and does not pollute the environment represents.
- Fig. 2 shows a section along the line II - II in Fig. 1, for reasons of clarity on the Representation of the inlet flange and the one introduced into it End of the bow piece was dispensed with. From Fig. 2 it can be seen that the first half-shell 14 and the second Half-shell 15 outwardly curved edges 22, 22 'and 23, 23 ', on which the half-shells 14 and 15 are mirror-symmetrical lie together. The edges 22, 23 and 22 ', 23' are welded together and due to the shape the edges, the seams 18, 21 are formed as flared seams. Likewise, the seams not shown in Fig. 2 have the outer shell 3 in the form of flared seams.
- the cross section the outer shell 3 has essentially the shape a drop, with the first seam 18 in one essential greater distance to the bow piece 6 than that fourth seam 21.
- the wrap angle over which the contour the outer shell 3 at a radially constant distance runs to the inner tube 6, is preferably approximately 230 °.
- 3 and 4 each show enlarged representations the connection areas of the half-shells 14 and 15, from which the contour of the edges 22, 23 or 22 ', 23' and the shape the flared seam becomes clear.
- the Width B of the flanged edges for mutual contact only needs to be small, a width B of about 1 mm is considered sufficient, but may be construction-related also run larger.
- an embodiment can also be provided in which the hem of a half-shell is wider than the beaded edge of the other half-shell, the protrusion of the wider flange edge is preferably 1 mm to 1.5 mm.
- FIG. 5 shows an embodiment variant of FIG. 1, at which formed the outer shell 3 from two half-shells 24 and 25 is the first seam 26 and second seam 27 in one Arc 28 of different curvature runs. Doing so the shape of a central section 35 with a large radius of curvature and laterally adjoining sections 36 formed with a slightly smaller radius, the outer End 34 of sections 36 into a weld seam at the ends the bow piece 6 of the middle piece 7 and the connecting piece 8, which in the openings of the input flanges 10, 11, 12 are passed. The ends 34 of the arch 28 are thus also arranged at a distance L from one another.
- This shape is the distance between the seams 26 and 27 to the inner tube 2 is not as large as in the exemplary embodiment 1, but still significantly larger than the distance between the seam 21 and the inner tube 2, as shown in the Representation in Fig. 6 emerges. Otherwise it is correct 5 corresponds to that of FIG. 1; this also applies to the reference symbols for identical parts.
- FIG. 7 shows an embodiment variant of FIG. 6, at the fourth also opposite the second seam 27
- Seam 33 is designed as a seam, so that the edges the half-shells 24 and 25 interlock like a hat box.
- Fig. 8 the detail VIII of Fig. 7 is shown enlarged, from which it can be seen that the overlapping edges 31 and 32 of the half-shells 24, 25 are connected to each other by a weld 37, wherein an overlap section A is formed, which is preferably is about 4 mm.
- FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment variant of FIG. 1, in which the contour of the first and second seams 39 and 40 corresponds to an arc 41 of uniform curvature Ends 42 are attached to the inner tube 2.
- the is Radius of the arc 41 is approximately 0.6 times the distance L. between the ends 42, the seams 39, 40 or the arch 41.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine Draufsicht auf einen luftspaltisolierten Abgaskrümmer, teilweise im Schnitt,
- Fig. 2
- einen Schnitt entlang der Linie II - II in Fig. 1,
- Fig. 3
- eine vergrößerte Darstellung der Einzelheit III in Fig. 2,
- Fig. 4
- eine vergrößerte Darstellung der Einzelheit IV in Fig. 2,
- Fig. 5
- eine Ausführungsvariante zu Fig. 1,
- Fig. 6
- einen Schnitt entlang der Linie VI - VI in Fig. 5,
- Fig. 7
- eine Ausführungsvariante zu Fig. 6,
- Fig. 8
- eine vergrößerte Darstellung der Einzelheit VIII in Fig. 7,
- Fig. 9
- eine weitere Ausführungsvariante zu Fig. 1.
Claims (8)
- Abgaskrümmer (1) für eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Innenrohr (2) und einer das Innenrohr mit Abstand umgebenden Außenschale (3) und mit mindestens zwei an einem Zylinderkopf befestigbaren im Abstand zueinander angeordneten Eingangsflanschen (10, 11, 12) zum Anschluß des Innenrohres an mindestens zwei in einem Abstand angeordnete Zylinderausgangskanäle der Brennkraftmaschine sowie einem am Innenrohr (2) befestigten Ausgangsflansch (5) zum Anschluß eines Abgasrohres, wobei die Außenschale (3) aus mindestens zwei in ihren Rändern (22, 23; 31, 32) miteinander verbundenen Schalenteilen zusammengesetzt ist und das Innenrohr (2) an seinen in die Flanschmittel geführten Enden umschließt und zwischen dem Innenrohr (2) und der Außenschale (3) ein Raum (4) zur Luftspaltisolierung gebildet ist und die Außenschale (3) aus zwei Halbschalen (13, 14) gebildet ist, die mehrere Nähte (18 bis 21) aufweisen,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nähte (18, 19) zwischen jeweils zwei benachbarten Eingangsflanschen verlaufen, wobei diese Nähte (18, 19) einen größeren Abstand zum Innenrohr (2) aufweisen als die übrigen Nähte (20, 21) und daß die Außenschale (3) in einer zwischen den Eingangsflanschen (10, 11, 12) liegenden und orthogonal zu diesen verlaufenden Ebene annähernd die Form eines Tropfens aufweist. - Abgaskrümmer nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine zwischen den Eingangsflanschen (10, 11, 12) verlaufende Naht (18, 19) der Außenschale (3) eine Kontur aufweist, die im wesentlichen einen geradlinigen Abschnitt, (38) der in einer nahe den Eingangsflanschen (10, 11, 12) parallelen Ebene (E) liegt, umfaßt. - Abgaskrümmer nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine zwischen den Eingangsflanschen (10, 11, 12) verlaufende Naht (26, 27, 39, 40) der Außenschale (3) eine Kontur aufweist, die in einem Bogen (28, 41) verläuft, der wenigstens in einem Abschnitt (35) einen Krümmungsradius aufweist, der mindestens etwa halb so groß ist wie der Abstand (L) zwischen den Bogenenden (34, 42). - Abgaskrümmer nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich an den geradlinigen Abschnitt (38) seitliche Bögen (13) anschließen, deren äußere Enden (29) mit dem Innenrohr (2) verbunden sind. - Abgaskrümmer nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Bogen (28) einen mittleren Abschnitt (35) und daran seitlich anschließende Abschnitte (36) umfaßt, wobei der Krümmungsradius des mittleren Abschnitts (35) größer ist als der Krümmungsradius der seitlichen Abschnitte (36). - Abgaskrümmer nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Krümmungsradius des mittleren Abschnitts (35) etwa das fünffache des Krümmungsradius der seitlichen Abschnitte (36) beträgt. - Abgaskrümmer nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Bogen (41) zwischen seinen Enden (42) eine gleichmäßige Krümmung aufweist. - Abgaskrümmer nach Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Radius des Bogens (41) etwa das 0,6-fache des Abstandes (L) zwischen den Enden (42) des Bogens (41) beträgt.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19511514A DE19511514C1 (de) | 1995-03-29 | 1995-03-29 | Abgaskrümmer für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
DE19511514 | 1995-03-29 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0735251A1 EP0735251A1 (de) | 1996-10-02 |
EP0735251B1 true EP0735251B1 (de) | 1998-12-02 |
EP0735251B2 EP0735251B2 (de) | 2003-02-05 |
Family
ID=7758052
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96100965A Expired - Lifetime EP0735251B2 (de) | 1995-03-29 | 1996-01-24 | Abgaskrümmer für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5682741A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0735251B2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19511514C1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH1026037A (ja) * | 1996-07-09 | 1998-01-27 | Yutaka Giken Co Ltd | センサ取付ボス |
DE19628798B4 (de) * | 1996-07-17 | 2008-04-17 | Daimler Ag | Abgaskrümmer zur Abgasführung aus einer Brennkraftmaschine |
DE19628797C1 (de) * | 1996-07-17 | 1998-01-22 | Daimler Benz Ag | Abgaskrümmer für eine Brennkraftmaschine sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben |
JP3649306B2 (ja) * | 1996-09-12 | 2005-05-18 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 多気筒内燃機関の排気マニホルド |
DE19706386B4 (de) * | 1997-02-19 | 2006-03-16 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines luftspaltisolierten Abgaskrümmers |
JP3349089B2 (ja) * | 1997-08-08 | 2002-11-20 | 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 | エキゾーストマニホールド |
DE19752772C2 (de) * | 1997-11-28 | 1999-09-02 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mit einem Abzweigstutzen versehenen luftspaltisolierten Abgasrohres |
DE19752773C2 (de) | 1997-11-28 | 1999-09-02 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines luftspaltisolierten Abgaskrümmers einer Fahrzeugabgasanlage |
DE19803275A1 (de) * | 1998-01-29 | 1999-08-12 | Benteler Werke Ag | Abgaskrümmer |
EP1041255A3 (de) * | 1999-04-01 | 2003-04-02 | Mascotech Tubular Products, Inc. | Gestanzter Auspuffkrümmer für Kraftfahrzeugmotoren |
DE19923557B4 (de) * | 1999-05-21 | 2006-07-13 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Gebauter luftspaltisolierter Abgaskrümmer einer Abgasanlage eines Kraftfahrzeuges und ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
WO2001011209A1 (de) * | 1999-08-05 | 2001-02-15 | Haerle Hans A | Abgaskrümmer |
DE10034538A1 (de) * | 2000-07-15 | 2002-01-24 | Eberspaecher J Gmbh & Co | Abgaskrümmer |
DE10054006A1 (de) * | 2000-11-01 | 2002-05-08 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Luftspaltisolierter Abgaskrümmer für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
DE10102896B4 (de) * | 2001-01-23 | 2004-01-15 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Abgassammlers |
JP3992447B2 (ja) * | 2001-03-28 | 2007-10-17 | カルソニックカンセイ株式会社 | 二重管エキゾーストマニホールド |
US6581377B2 (en) * | 2001-07-20 | 2003-06-24 | Metaldyne Tubular Products, Inc. | Carburization of vehicle manifold flanges to prevent corrosion |
US6933056B2 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2005-08-23 | Mathson Industries | Exhaust manifold and method of making the same |
DE10201594A1 (de) * | 2002-01-16 | 2003-07-24 | Tower Automotive Hydroforming | Verfahren zur Herstellung doppelwandiger Bauteile, insbesondere doppelwandiger Rohre, sowie dadurch hergestelltes Bauteil |
DE10223838C1 (de) * | 2002-05-28 | 2003-10-16 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | Anordnung zur Führung von Abgasen |
DE10346552A1 (de) * | 2003-10-07 | 2005-06-30 | Friedrich Boysen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Luftspaltkrümmer |
US7272927B2 (en) * | 2003-11-07 | 2007-09-25 | Heinrich Gillet Gmbh | Air gap-insulated exhaust manifold for internal combustion engines |
EP1598536B1 (de) * | 2004-05-17 | 2007-04-25 | Calsonic Kansei Corporation | Hohlkörper für Schalldämpfer |
JP2006070705A (ja) * | 2004-08-31 | 2006-03-16 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 車両用エンジンの排気装置 |
FR2883034B1 (fr) * | 2005-03-11 | 2010-08-13 | Faurecia Sys Echappement | Collecteur d'echappement a double paroi |
WO2007081669A2 (en) * | 2006-01-03 | 2007-07-19 | Metaldyne Company, Llc | Dual wall exhaust manifold and method of making same |
CN102741675B (zh) * | 2010-01-15 | 2015-11-25 | 斯凯旺蒂尔国际(英国)有限责任公司 | 风洞导流叶片热交换器 |
DE102014015735A1 (de) | 2014-10-24 | 2015-04-23 | Daimler Ag | Luftspaltisolierter Abgaskrümmer und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen |
Citations (2)
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DE7925201U1 (de) * | 1979-09-06 | 1979-12-06 | Zeuna-Staerker Gmbh & Co Kg, 8900 Augsburg | Rohrkruemmer, insbesondere an einem sechs-zylinder-reihenmotor |
DE8004882U1 (de) * | 1980-02-23 | 1980-06-26 | Friedrich Boysen Gmbh & Co Kg, 7272 Altensteig | Abgaskruemmer fuer die abgasanlage insbesondere eines kraftfahrzeuges |
Family Cites Families (13)
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US1271779A (en) * | 1917-04-12 | 1918-07-09 | Globe Machine & Stamping Company | Manifold. |
US3775979A (en) * | 1971-12-03 | 1973-12-04 | Arvin Ind Inc | Exhaust gas manifold |
US3729937A (en) * | 1971-12-17 | 1973-05-01 | Gen Motors Corp | Engine exhaust reactor and method of making |
JPS514409A (en) * | 1974-06-28 | 1976-01-14 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | Saamaruriakuta |
IT1188884B (it) * | 1979-09-06 | 1988-01-28 | Zeuna Staerker Kg | Collettore in particolare per un motore a sei cilindri in linea |
IT1188883B (it) * | 1979-09-06 | 1988-01-28 | Zeuna Staerker Kg | Collettore per motori alternativi a combustione interna |
DE3216980A1 (de) * | 1982-05-06 | 1983-11-10 | Zeuna-Stärker GmbH & Co KG, 8900 Augsburg | Blechkruemmer fuer verbrennungsmotoren |
DE3326260A1 (de) * | 1983-07-21 | 1985-02-07 | Witzenmann GmbH, Metallschlauch-Fabrik Pforzheim, 7530 Pforzheim | Auspuffleitung |
DE4127634C2 (de) * | 1991-08-21 | 1994-03-10 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Abgasanlage mit einem umhüllten Vorrohr |
DE4226715A1 (de) * | 1992-08-12 | 1994-02-17 | Eberspaecher J | Abgaskrümmer |
US5349817A (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1994-09-27 | Benteler Industries, Inc. | Air gap manifold port flange connection |
US5419127A (en) * | 1993-11-22 | 1995-05-30 | Soundwich Inc | Insulated damped exhaust manifold |
DE19505710C2 (de) * | 1994-02-21 | 2002-10-17 | Aisin Takaoka Ltd | Auspuffkrümmer |
-
1995
- 1995-03-29 DE DE19511514A patent/DE19511514C1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-01-24 EP EP96100965A patent/EP0735251B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-01-24 DE DE59600885T patent/DE59600885D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-27 US US08/622,835 patent/US5682741A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE7925201U1 (de) * | 1979-09-06 | 1979-12-06 | Zeuna-Staerker Gmbh & Co Kg, 8900 Augsburg | Rohrkruemmer, insbesondere an einem sechs-zylinder-reihenmotor |
DE8004882U1 (de) * | 1980-02-23 | 1980-06-26 | Friedrich Boysen Gmbh & Co Kg, 7272 Altensteig | Abgaskruemmer fuer die abgasanlage insbesondere eines kraftfahrzeuges |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Die Konstruktionszeichnungen:1-03858.12;1-03909 .14;1-03858.15; 1-03940.15;1-03940.14;1-03940.12;1-3940.11; 02.1-03834.14;02.1-03834.15;02.1-03609.14 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0735251A1 (de) | 1996-10-02 |
DE59600885D1 (de) | 1999-01-14 |
DE19511514C1 (de) | 1996-08-01 |
EP0735251B2 (de) | 2003-02-05 |
US5682741A (en) | 1997-11-04 |
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