EP0598656A1 - Elementarstrahler für Gruppenantenne und solche Strahler enthaltende Baugruppe - Google Patents

Elementarstrahler für Gruppenantenne und solche Strahler enthaltende Baugruppe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0598656A1
EP0598656A1 EP93402777A EP93402777A EP0598656A1 EP 0598656 A1 EP0598656 A1 EP 0598656A1 EP 93402777 A EP93402777 A EP 93402777A EP 93402777 A EP93402777 A EP 93402777A EP 0598656 A1 EP0598656 A1 EP 0598656A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sub
antenna
cavity
network
patch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93402777A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0598656B1 (de
Inventor
Gérard Raguenet
Frédéric Magnin
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel Espace Industries SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel Espace Industries SA filed Critical Alcatel Espace Industries SA
Publication of EP0598656A1 publication Critical patent/EP0598656A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0598656B1 publication Critical patent/EP0598656B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/18—Resonant slot antennas the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity ; Open cavity antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H01Q21/205—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path providing an omnidirectional coverage

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is that of network antennas, and more particularly broadband network antennas (5 to 10%), in particular for the space field.
  • These array antennas include numerous elementary radiating sources, and the supply of these sources, in a relative arrangement suitable for giving the radiated fields the desired shape for the specific application envisaged. So we are looking for an inexpensive element to manufacture (because it requires a large number, up to a few thousand), neither heavy nor bulky (because it is embedded), and easy to integrate into the antenna (geometry of installation and food). In addition, for new antenna designs, we want to be able to have these elements on a shaped surface, possibly deformable.
  • a lobe of a network antenna is formed by the geometry or the relative arrangement of the radiating elements, as well as by the amplitude and the phase of the excitation signals applied to these radiating elements by means of a supply network and its control electronics. .
  • FIG. 1 An example is shown in FIG. 1 of a printed network supplying four elementary printed sources.
  • An elementary source of this type is commonly known to those skilled in the art under the English name "Patch".
  • a sub-assembly can be constituted in a purely mechanical way, forming the basic brick of a modular construction of the antenna, which facilitates maintenance and possible repairs.
  • An object of the invention is to obtain a wide operating band, normally excluded for simple radiating sources of the patch type, simultaneously with the known advantages of this type of element.
  • the proposed invention relates to an embodiment of an elementary source for a radiating device of the planar antenna type, and to radiating subassemblies comprising such sources.
  • the device according to the invention can therefore be integrated into a planar array antenna, but in addition is particularly suitable for the installation of such a radiating sub-assembly on a shaped surface.
  • a known means of the prior art for increasing the bandwidth of printed radiating elements of the patch type is to increase the thickness of dielectric between the patch and the ground plane.
  • This method suffers from the drawback that the network of elements thus constructed is more difficult to integrate on the radiating face of the antenna, all the more if this surface is not flat but conformed.
  • the radiation characteristics of a thick planar antenna degrade very quickly, which offers only limited operational interest.
  • Another object of the invention is therefore to overcome this drawback of the prior art, to obtain a wide bandwidth without complicating the integration of the antenna on a shaped surface.
  • the radiating element consists, on the one hand of a metallic cavity, whose fine geometry results from an optimization with respect to the mission of the antenna, on the other hand of a patch type resonator etched on a substrate thin dielectric.
  • the structure can therefore be considered as an element in technology known as a buried microstrip.
  • the bandwidth (BP) of an etched microstrip antenna is inversely associated with its cavity overvoltage, also known as quality factor Q.
  • the cavity of the printed element of the prior art is formed by the patch, the dielectric between the patch and the ground plane, and the ground itself.
  • This same quality factor Q is (approximately) inversely proportional to the normalized height of the patch t / ⁇ ⁇ , where t is the thickness of dielectric between the patch and the ground plane, and ⁇ ⁇ is the electrical wavelength in the dielectric characterized by the dielectric constant ⁇ , at the operating frequency of the antenna.
  • the bandwidth BP is linear with respect to t / ⁇ ⁇ as evidenced by the abacuses from the publication of Carver and Mink (1), and reproduced in Figure 3.
  • Multipole structures are thus obtained which offer capacities ranging from a few percent to a few tens of percent of the band, in the case where optimization has been pushed in this direction.
  • these advantages are obtained at the cost of greater complexity of construction, as well as a weight of the antenna which increases in proportion to the number of resonators employed.
  • the invention will therefore remedy the drawbacks of the prior art, and allow a wide band to be obtained bandwidth using a simple technology derived from that of printed "patch" antennas, while retaining the advantages of this technology.
  • the invention proposes a radiating element of the high bandwidth patch type for a network antenna, said antenna comprising in particular a large number of these elements and at least one signal supply network for these elements, this (s ) network (x) being produced (s) in microstrip technology on dielectric substrate, these radiating elements and network (x) supply being arranged on a surface called the front face (in the direction of the radiation) of said substrate, a plane of mass being disposed on the rear face of said substrate, the radiating element being characterized in that it comprises a conductive patch etched on a dielectric substrate, said patch being placed in a closed system, of cavity type, around said patch.
  • said closed system consists of a cylindrical conductive cavity placed on the front face of said dielectric substrate, with said patch disposed at the bottom of said cavity, said cavity being open in the direction of radiation of said element.
  • said system consists of a conductive cavity disposed on the front face of said substrate, but whose conductive walls extend through said substrate to the ground plane located on the rear face of said substrate, said cavity being open in the direction of radiation of said element.
  • the cavity according to one of the preceding embodiments is partially closed in the direction of radiation by a second resonator which consists of a conductive patch etched on a support which is then placed on the front face of said conductive cavity.
  • the microstrip supply line can be produced either as a single microstrip, or as a shielded microstrip or channel, and penetrates into said cavity or through a channel dug in the metal cavity, either by a recess arranged in the wall of said cavity.
  • patch shapes can be used, for example: circle, square, polygon, ...; as well as different forms of cavity: circular, square, octagonal, pentahexagonal cylinder, ...
  • the invention also provides a subset of radiating elements for a network antenna, known as a sub-network, said sub-network comprising in particular a mechanical support, several patches and their supplies in microstrip technology, with their dielectric substrate and their associated ground plane. , characterized in that said mechanical sub-array support is placed on the front face of said dielectric substrate, on the radiation side of the antenna.
  • the radiating elements conform to one of the preceding descriptions, and further comprise a resonant system around each patch, said resonant system possibly being a cavity, for example.
  • said mechanical support comprises said cavities.
  • said sub-assembly is supplied by a single supply point, common to all the elements of said sub-network.
  • said sub-network is not planar, but conformed, that is to say that the patches of a sub-network can have different angular orientations.
  • the invention also relates to the integration of sub-networks according to the preceding descriptions in a network antenna.
  • said antenna can be arranged on a flat surface, of revolution, or of any curvature.
  • the sub-networks used to make the network antenna will have identical geometries, allowing the production of series of the components of said sub-networks, as well as the sub-networks themselves.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a sub-network of four radiating elements 2 of the patch type, printed on a dielectric substrate 1.
  • the four radiating elements or “patches” are supplied by a supply network produced using microstrip technology, which consists of conductive tracks printed or etched on the same dielectric substrate 1.
  • the supply of the four patches is from a common point 5, which supplies two branches 3a, 3b which are then further bifurcated in sub-branches 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d.
  • the relative phase of excitation of the four patches may find an adjustment parameter.
  • the relative amplitude of excitation can also be controlled by managing the various impedances of the different paths.
  • FIG 2 we see an embodiment of a radiating element according to the invention.
  • this element comprises an etched conductive patch 2 on a dielectric substrate 1 covered on its rear face by a ground plane 6.
  • the patch 2 is powered by the microstrip 4b, which is an etched conductive track , usually of the same material as the patch.
  • the patch 2 is placed at the bottom of a closed system which consists for example of a cavity 7 defined by conductive walls 8 delimiting the radial extent of the cavity 7 around the patch 2.
  • this cavity 7 determines its radio characteristics according to rules known to those skilled in the art; consequently, these dimensions can be chosen by the designer in order to provide the desired bandwidth at the operating frequency of the radiating element, and this without increase in the thickness of dielectric 1 behind patch 2. It follows that the dimensioning of the radiating element of the antenna according to the invention and as described in the simplest way possible in FIG. 2 is not governed by the same mechanisms as the practical sizing in the prior art.
  • the bandwidth curves ⁇ f / f as a function of the normalized height t / ⁇ ⁇ of dielectric indicates to us that an unacceptable thickness of dielectric is necessary to provide a bandwidth beyond a few percent.
  • Curve 10 represents the frequency response of a rectangular patch of dimensions equal to 0.3 x 0.5 ⁇ 0, with the same dielectric constant and ROS parameters. We see that for microwaves of the order of 1 to 10 GHz, indicated respectively on curves 9, 10 by a solid line and a dotted line, the relationship remains approximately linear between the bandwidth and the normalized height for widths of band between 1% and 10%.
  • the main propagation line is therefore of microstrip type and typically involves a conductor track etched on a thickness of dense substrate.
  • the thickness of this one is dimensioned by integrating the radioelectric criteria of use ( ⁇ r , w, h, Ze) as well as more specific constraints which can come from the envisaged mission.
  • the advantage of thin substrate thickness (of the order of 20 mils, 30 mils maximum, ie 0.5 to 0.75 mm) is to make it entirely manageable, in terms of industrial production, the use of radiating elements as well as their associated distribution circuits on surfaces of course flat, but above all shaped in three dimensions, as will be seen below.
  • FIGS. 4a, 4b show two examples of microstrip technology which can be used for the production of supply lines for the radiating elements according to the invention.
  • the microstrip line consists of a conductive track 22 etched on a dielectric substrate 1 having a ground plane 6 behind the substrate (on the opposite face of the face comprising the etched track).
  • the physical parameters characterizing this system are the dielectric constant ⁇ and the height or thickness of dielectric h1.
  • FIG. 4b it is a shielded microstrip line which is shown diagrammatically.
  • the microstrip line itself consists of a conductive track 22 etched on a dielectric substrate 1 having a ground plane 6 behind the substrate 1.
  • a shield around this line is constituted by conductive walls 18 which surround the track 22 and which are electrically connected to the ground 6.
  • the physical parameters which characterize the system are the dielectric constant ⁇ and the height or the thickness of the dielectric h1, as well as the dimensions of the shielding h2 for the height or the distance between the surface of the dielectric 1 and the conductive wall 18 which is oriented parallel to this surface, and the width d between the conductive walls 18 of each side of runway 22.
  • the space 17 inside the shielding formed by the conductive walls 18 is assumed to be filled with air, and therefore will have a dielectric constant close to 1.
  • the radioelectric propagation characteristics on such a line are calculated from the physical parameters cited according to methods well known to those skilled in the art.
  • this simple or "shielded" line using channel technology opens into a cavity and deforms significantly, so as to form a patch geometry.
  • the simplest shape of the cavity is that of a cylinder, but other geometries can be used depending on the application: square, pentagonal, hexagonal etc ... without appearance or limiting character.
  • the geometry of the patch which can be limited to a circle or a square in its simplest version, and undergo deformations which lead to geometries as varied as the imagination of the designer. This is the case, for example, for knowingly sized deformations in order to radiate a wave with circular polarization, for example notches or chamfers, or even more exotic geometries.
  • the directivity of radiation of an element according to the invention is determined by the relative dimensions of the patch and the surrounding cavity.
  • the adaptation performance is also not managed by the same laws and the implementation of the cavity more than significantly improves the performance of ROS.
  • Two technological embodiments of the concept of the invention can be envisaged, which consists in assembling a cavity and the radiating element produced in buried microstrip technology.
  • the cavity can be integrated into a support structure (such as the example represented in FIG. 8) on which we will come to glue, screw, or assemble by any other means the microstrip circuit on a thin dielectric substrate 1 comprising the patch 2 and the supply line 4.
  • a support structure such as the example represented in FIG. 8
  • FIG 5 we have a sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • This figure is identical to Figure 2 except for the presence of the conductive elements 13.
  • a short-circuit condition is produced between the vertical wall 8 of the cavity 7 and the ground plane 6 of the line microstrip, by means of one or more conductive element (s) 13 which electrically connect the two.
  • This embodiment therefore allows total shielding of the microstrip and patch assembly with respect to other neighboring elements.
  • the electrical continuity established by the conductive element (s) 13 can be total or partial:
  • Partial One can imagine a discrete shielding using studs crossing the dielectric substrate 2 screwable on the cavity or even consider the technique of metallized holes in the dielectric substrate which one could weld in vapor phase for example to the continuous part of the cavity.
  • Another technique could also consist in achieving an equivalent electrical condition.
  • Such a technique has already been described in the document referenced No. 4 - French patent No. 89 11-829.
  • FIG. 6 A first example of an antenna embodiment using a very wide band element according to the invention is shown in FIG. 6. This element is intended for an antenna operating at 8 GHz which has been produced and on which measurements have enabled '' confirm the expected performance.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the method of this embodiment, which consists in adding to a base patch radiator 2, a second resonator 12 positioned above the first resonator 2.
  • the configuration is therefore that of FIG. 2, except that the cavity resonant 7 is partially closed on its front face by a second resonator 12 which can for example be a patch printed on a dielectric support 11.
  • the second element is implanted flush with the cavity 7, but it could be placed, by means of more elaborate constructions, either at a greater height or at a height smaller than the height of the conductive walls 8 of the cavity 7.
  • the approach which consists of making the interpatch distance and the height of the cavity identical, makes technological realization very simple.
  • the second resonator 12 can be etched on a carrier substrate 11 of small thickness and mass and its mounting can be done by simple bonding or screwing.
  • the two resonators can be deformed using chamfers in order to generate the circular polarization, if required, using a single access.
  • the radiation patterns measured in an 8.0 to 8.4 GHz application band show excellent behavior of the device.
  • the ellipticity rate (cross polarization) is excellent at the optimization frequency (8.2 GHz) and remains well below 3 dB over the entire useful band.
  • FIG. 8 schematically shows in perspective a mechanical structure of a radiating sub-assembly according to the invention, this sub-assembly being intended to be assembled with numerous similar sub-assemblies to form a network antenna as shown in FIG. 9.
  • the operating principle of the antenna is shown in FIG. 9.
  • the example of a complete array therefore consists of the implantation on a surface with symmetry of revolution around an axis z of identical sub-assemblies, such as shown in FIG. 8.
  • the subassemblies are composed in this embodiment, of four identical patch type radiators according to one of FIGS. 2, 5 to 7, supplied by a common distributor as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the mechanical structure 14 shown diagrammatically in plan in FIG. 8 comprises the conductive walls of the four cavities 8 and of the fixing pads 15 of the microstrip circuit and its dielectric substrate 1 as shown in FIG. 1. Recesses 19 are arranged in the walls conductive 8 for the passage of microstrip lines for supplying the radiating elements.
  • FIG. 8 it can be seen that the three axes 20 of the first three cavities are parallel, while the axis 30 of the fourth cavity is inclined at 10 ° relative to the others.
  • the subnetwork is therefore not planar but conformed. Thanks to the small thickness of the dielectric 1 which results from the use of the invention, the microstrip circuit can be easily deformed to adhere to the mechanical structure 14, once fixed to the latter by means of the fixing studs 15.
  • FIG. 9 we see an example of a network antenna produced from sub-networks as shown in FIG. 8.
  • the sub-networks are themselves composed of a certain number of radiating elements 28 according to the invention (four in this example), aligned on the axis 21 of the sub-network; to build the antenna, each sub-array is arranged with its axis 21 in the same plane with the main axis of the antenna z, and with a constant angular difference between two successive planes thus defined.
  • the angle ⁇ is 10 ° as in FIG. 8.
  • the advantage of this particular topology is to assist in the formation of the radiation lobe of the antenna, as described in French patent application no. 91 05510 of May 6, 1991, in the name of the applicant (which forms an integral part of the present application as a description of the prior art relating to lobe antennas with formed lobe).
  • the dielectric etching support can be easily formed when hot, for example without problem of radioelectric operation.
  • Another technology, of the triplate type for example, would have been either inapplicable or very difficult to implement.
  • proposed array antennas can they comprise more elements, be installed in a plane manner, or even be used to sample a reflector antenna and be implanted in this case according to a geometry of the type Petzwald surface which optimizes the efficiency of the device.

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EP93402777A 1992-11-16 1993-11-16 Elementarstrahler für Gruppenantenne und solche Strahler enthaltende Baugruppe Expired - Lifetime EP0598656B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9213744 1992-11-16
FR9213744A FR2698212B1 (fr) 1992-11-16 1992-11-16 Source élémentaire rayonnante pour antenne réseau et sous-ensemble rayonnant comportant de telles sources.

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EP0598656A1 true EP0598656A1 (de) 1994-05-25
EP0598656B1 EP0598656B1 (de) 2001-03-14

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EP (1) EP0598656B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69330020T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2698212B1 (de)

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GB2399949A (en) * 2002-03-26 2004-09-29 Ngk Spark Plug Co Dielectric antenna
US6801167B2 (en) 2002-03-26 2004-10-05 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Dielectric antenna

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FR2778802B1 (fr) 1998-05-15 2000-09-08 Alsthom Cge Alcatel Dispositif d'emission et de reception d'ondes hyperfrequences polarisees circulairement
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FR2788171A1 (fr) * 1998-12-31 2000-07-07 Thomson Multimedia Sa Dispositif de reception de signaux a reseaux a balayage electronique dans un systeme de communication par satellites a defilement
GB2399949A (en) * 2002-03-26 2004-09-29 Ngk Spark Plug Co Dielectric antenna
US6801167B2 (en) 2002-03-26 2004-10-05 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Dielectric antenna
GB2399949B (en) * 2002-03-26 2004-11-24 Ngk Spark Plug Co Dielectric antenna
GB2387036B (en) * 2002-03-26 2005-03-02 Ngk Spark Plug Co Dielectric antenna

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DE69330020T2 (de) 2001-10-11
FR2698212B1 (fr) 1994-12-30
DE69330020D1 (de) 2001-04-19
FR2698212A1 (fr) 1994-05-20
US5434581A (en) 1995-07-18
EP0598656B1 (de) 2001-03-14

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