EP0661773A1 - Konische, auf einem ebenen Substrat präparierte Streifenleitungsantenne und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung - Google Patents

Konische, auf einem ebenen Substrat präparierte Streifenleitungsantenne und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0661773A1
EP0661773A1 EP94403029A EP94403029A EP0661773A1 EP 0661773 A1 EP0661773 A1 EP 0661773A1 EP 94403029 A EP94403029 A EP 94403029A EP 94403029 A EP94403029 A EP 94403029A EP 0661773 A1 EP0661773 A1 EP 0661773A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
network
radiating
stage
same
antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP94403029A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bernard Buralli
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Airbus Group SAS
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Airbus Group SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Group SAS filed Critical Airbus Group SAS
Publication of EP0661773A1 publication Critical patent/EP0661773A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a conical micro-ribbon belt antenna having good radio performance but which can be designed and printed on a flat substrate. It also relates to the preparation on a flat substrate of such an antenna.
  • wavelength ⁇ ratio of the speed of light to the frequency of the transmitted signal
  • An antenna can be considered as an interface between these two types of medium, allowing the transfer, total or partial, of electromagnetic energy from one to the other.
  • the transmitting antenna passes this energy from the guided propagation medium to that of free propagation and the receiving antenna reverses the direction of the energy transfer between the media.
  • Called circuit (s) or antenna supply device the set of elements constituting all or part of the medium with guided propagation, directing or collecting the electromagnetic energy to be transferred and comprising reciprocal passive or active elements or not.
  • phase centers we often associate with an elementary antenna, one or more geometric points, called phase centers, from which the electro magnetic wave seems to come, for a given direction, in the case of an antenna considered to be working on the emission.
  • the resonance of the antenna is manifested at the frequency or frequencies for which the transfer of the energy transmitted from the supply line to space via the antenna is optimal, which results mathematically by the fact that, at the resonant frequency fr the complex impedance Z at the input of the antenna has a zero imaginary part and a maximum real part.
  • microwave we represent the place of the impedances on the Smith chart where each resonance manifests itself in the form of a loop.
  • this resonance is “seen” through the adaptation which characterizes the transfer of energy from the supply line to the antenna.
  • This vision of the behavior of the antenna can be called the response of the antenna and is quantified using the losses by mismatch or the Standing Wave Rate (TOS - in English Voltage Standing Wave Ratio or VSWR) defined below. .
  • a radiating element In general, a radiating element unfortunately does not have an impedance equal to Zc.
  • An interface called an "adapter" must be inserted between the radiating element and the cable used to convey the energy. This adapter will have the role of transforming the impedance Ze at the input of the antenna in order to present to the power cable an impedance close to Zc at the working frequencies of the antenna and a TOS close to 1.
  • the radiation diagram is represented in a frame of reference centered at a point on the antenna (if possible its phase center) and supplied in the form of "sections" in a standard spherical coordinate system ( ⁇ , ⁇ ).
  • a so-called “constant coupe” cut is the variation curve of the E field, projected on a given polarization (either E ⁇ , or E ⁇ ), ⁇ varying from 0 to 180 ° (or from -180 to + 180 °).
  • a so-called “constant coupe” section is the variation curve of the E field, projected onto a given polarization (either E ⁇ or E ⁇ ), ⁇ varying from 0 to 360 °.
  • An association of elementary antennas is called array of antennas when these have parts common in their supply circuits or when a coupling exists between these elementary antennas making the overall radiation pattern of the network, in a given frequency range, dependent on that of each of the antennas or radiating elements.
  • array antenna The array obtained by the distribution of antennas similar to one or more given elementary antennas, on a given surface is often called array antenna, generally implying a notion of geometric repetition of the elementary antennas.
  • They are generally used to obtain a radiation pattern with high directivity in a given direction, relative to the network.
  • the spacing ⁇ between the phase centers of the elementary antennas of the array is a critical parameter.
  • micro-ribbon technology it consists of stacking several layers of conductive or dielectric material such as for example a dielectric substrate (glass-PTFE, for example) coated on its underside (or side I) with a conductive sheet (copper, gold, etc.) and carrying on its upper face (or S side) a conductive sheet partially cut according to a given geometric design (we commonly speak of patterns or "patches").
  • conductive or dielectric material such as for example a dielectric substrate (glass-PTFE, for example) coated on its underside (or side I) with a conductive sheet (copper, gold, etc.) and carrying on its upper face (or S side) a conductive sheet partially cut according to a given geometric design (we commonly speak of patterns or "patches").
  • ⁇ e 0.5. ( ⁇ r + 1) + 0.5. ( ⁇ r-1) / (1 + 12.h / W) where h is the thickness of the substrate and W the width of the conductive tape.
  • a micro-ribbon antenna is an element of geometric shape made of conductive material attached to the face S of a dielectric layer.
  • a rectangular micro-ribbon pattern can be compared to a certain extent to two parallel slits coinciding with two edges of the so-called radiating rectangle.
  • the selection of those of the edges of a rectangular pattern which must radiate (and a contrario of those which must not radiate) is done by an appropriate choice of the area of the rectangle which is connected to the supply circuit.
  • connection can be made through the dielectric substrate, or on the periphery of the pattern, by a microstrip line carried on the side S (we sometimes speak of coplanar supply) as described in particular in document FR-2.226. .760.
  • the width W of the pattern conditions the radiation pattern.
  • the choice of the width W will to a good extent condition the quality of the radiation, namely its efficiency and its shape.
  • the micro-ribbon antenna is in fact an electronic resonator which, by construction, has a high quality factor Q.
  • the antennas developed in this technology always have a low bandwidth, that is to say that the resonance occurs punctually only at the frequency for which the antenna was dimensioned and at frequencies very close of the latter.
  • an adapter also called network or power supply system
  • the simplest solution is to print this adapter on the same side of the substrate as the radiating pattern itself.
  • the adapter most commonly used for its simplicity (but its performance is poor) is the so-called "quarter wave" adapter.
  • the patterns are distributed over the surface of a cylinder.
  • the purpose of this antenna, called “belt antenna” is to produce an omnidirectional radiation pattern, that is to say having in all regions of space a gain as uniform as possible.
  • the patterns are equidistant and can be grouped on identical subnets also comprising the supply network for routing the signal to each of the elements. All are supplied with the same amplitude value and the same phase value to within a tolerance in order to guarantee the regularity of the radiation diagram.
  • the invention also aims to obtain good radioelectric performance (in particular as regards the radiation diagram), but from a micro-ribbon belt antenna applied to a conical body, by means of a preparation on a flat substrate according to a drawing determined in a realistic and reliable manner, the power law of the antenna object of the present invention possibly being identical to that of the previous example.
  • Designing a cylindrical belt antenna as described in the document 92-07274 presents no other difficulty than that of developing a supply network with only one dimension (a single row of elements to be supplied) correctly adapted (TOS close to 1) at the working frequency or frequencies, what a person skilled in the art, provided with conventional formulas or better with a CAD tool, does without too many problems.
  • Each sub-network, designed on a plane, retains its adaptive properties once wound on the cylindrical body.
  • the present invention in addition to the fact that it proposes a method making it possible to design and manufacture this type of antenna on a plane like any printed circuit before applying it to a cone, presents a type of antenna which can be adapted on a given cone by reducing the necessary arrangement of this cone to the single hole (s) provided for passing the power cable (s).
  • Documents D3 and D6 show antennas which are an integral part of the structure on which they are installed. This does not correspond to the need expressed above (minimization of the impact on the supporting structure).
  • the documents D1, D2, D4 and D5 in addition to the fact that they often have recourse to numerous and expensive short-circuits across the substrate (in order to guarantee a frequency band of sufficient use - which the document 92 07274 cited above can avoid -), do not provide any information on the network or the antenna feed system, which may suggest that it uses a technique other than the micro-ribbon technique.
  • One of the main interests of this technique is precisely in the fact that it makes it possible to bring together on the same support (the dielectric substrate), the supply network and the radiating elements, thereby eliminating a large part of the mechanical stresses encountered on antennas using other technologies .
  • document D7 it offers a micro-ribbon antenna applied to a cylindrical body, without any precise indication of the very design and sizing of the supply system or network.
  • document D8 relates to the two-layer structure of a network antenna on a cylindrical or conical surface, without any particular details on the radiating patterns and their supply network.
  • Document D9 deals only with the case of a cylindrical belt antenna.
  • the elementary radiating pattern described therein simultaneously has a small thickness of dielectric substrate and a wide passband. This pattern can be advantageously used in the present invention.
  • the supply network must have a tree structure comprising various stages of dividers between the radiating elements and a common point of supply (or signal arrival).
  • the line lengths between the point of arrival of the signal (interface with the cable) and each of the radiating elements must be of equal length (to an integer number of wavelengths near) so as to guarantee the equi-phase character of the micro-ribbon supply network.
  • n 2 n .
  • the solution obtained is a priori a degraded case of tree network with uniform supply.
  • the power supply is in fact uniform in phase only at the central frequency of the working spectral band and is never really uniform in amplitude because of the ohmic losses in the lateral lines.
  • the implantation of such dividers is often limited to the last stage of the network because the differences in lengths are not very large (in general: a wavelength); in fact, the patterns connected to a divider on the top floor are in principle adjacent.
  • N 3 m .2 n .
  • T be a trunk of this cone, of height Ho and whose base has a radius R, around which we want to wind an antenna -network.
  • the complete belt antenna can be composed of S identical sub-networks, in which case the method and the formulas which follow no longer apply to an entire network (full belt) but to a sub-network under the conditions which are explained below.
  • ⁇ be the angle between the centers of the N radiating elements with respect to the point O (see figure 6 or 7) assuming these elements regularly spaced on the cone.
  • Ns N / S.
  • Ns will be equal to 2 n where n is the number of divider stages of the network of network supply.
  • the lines of the corresponding arc must be subdivided into several small arcs of circles allowing the installation of a step so as to catch up with the value of the phase (to within 2.k. ⁇ ) on the two lateral branches with respect to the central branch (see stage 3 of figure 7).
  • the third-order divider (if it is unique) is installed at the last stage of the supply network in order to minimize the impact of phase shifts at the edge of the working frequency band.
  • all the arcs of the supply network are, according to the invention, approximated by segments of substantially the same length, at least within each stage. Each of these segments is tilted relative to the adjacent segments by a correctly calculated angle.
  • the order of magnitude of the length of each segment is chosen arbitrarily at the start, advantageously close to a quarter of the wavelength in the dielectric or greater than this value.
  • ⁇ ' The selected length. This can arbitrarily have the same value for each of the stages of the network or differ from one stage to another in which case it can be noted ⁇ ' Lai .
  • L designates the arc of circle to be approximated with center 0; ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are two equal rectilinear segments approximating the arc of a circle L.
  • ⁇ the angle between the two consecutive segments ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2.
  • One of these antennas designed to resonate at 1575 MHz, had to be positioned so that the lower edge of the radiating elements was 20 mm from the base of the truncated cone, the feed network being "above” the radiating patterns.
  • This antenna is called the "L band” antenna.
  • the other antenna operating at 2233 Mhz should be placed so that the upper edge of the radiating elements is 20 mm from the top of the truncated cone, the supply network being “below” the radiating elements.
  • This antenna is called “S band” antenna.
  • the radiating elements are preferably chosen to be trapezoidal, so that their edges not parallel to the base of the truncated cone are substantially parallel to the generatrices of the cone to within 25%.
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B The performances in adaptation of each of the antennas constructed are presented in FIGS. 8A and 8B, or 9A and 9B, and the main sections of their radiation diagrams on a given structure are provided in FIGS. 10A and 10B, or 11A and 11B.
  • the radiating patterns can be of varied shapes and geometry, as proposed for example in French patent application 92-07274, each pattern being formed of a conductive loop of constant width l , surrounding an unpowered internal parasitic pattern. by being separated from this internal parasitic pattern by a continuous slot closed on itself of constant width e suitable for ensuring a couplace between the loop and the internal parasitic pattern.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
EP94403029A 1993-12-31 1994-12-27 Konische, auf einem ebenen Substrat präparierte Streifenleitungsantenne und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung Withdrawn EP0661773A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9315971A FR2714769B1 (fr) 1993-12-31 1993-12-31 Antenne micro-ruban conique préparée sur un substrat plan, et procédé pour sa préparation.
FR9315971 1993-12-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0661773A1 true EP0661773A1 (de) 1995-07-05

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US (1) US5600331A (de)
EP (1) EP0661773A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2714769B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101505006B (zh) * 2009-02-24 2012-09-26 中国航天科技集团公司第五研究院第五○四研究所 副反射器与馈源共用的馈源结构及其构成的双频段天线
CN114824777A (zh) * 2022-05-24 2022-07-29 西安交通大学 一种镜面单锥天线的圆弧型电路

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DE19616772A1 (de) * 1995-04-28 1996-10-31 Fujitsu Ltd Berechnungsgerät für eine elektromagnetische Feldintensität
GB9624930D0 (en) * 1996-11-29 1997-01-15 Era Patents Ltd Antenna and method of manufacture
CN1074860C (zh) * 1998-07-09 2001-11-14 复旦大学 一种曲面微带天线的制作方法
KR100552086B1 (ko) * 2000-09-19 2006-02-20 진경수 삼각형 격자를 갖는 위성방송수신용 마이크로스트립부배열 안테나
US6919850B2 (en) * 2003-04-28 2005-07-19 Motorola Inc. Body worn antenna
US7221326B2 (en) * 2004-07-27 2007-05-22 Git Japan, Inc. Biconical antenna
EP1624314A1 (de) * 2004-08-05 2006-02-08 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. Helmförmige TEM-Antenne für Magnetresonanzmessungen
KR100636374B1 (ko) * 2004-09-30 2006-10-19 한국전자통신연구원 사다리꼴 모양의 초광대역 패치 안테나
US7333068B2 (en) * 2005-11-15 2008-02-19 Clearone Communications, Inc. Planar anti-reflective interference antennas with extra-planar element extensions
US7446714B2 (en) * 2005-11-15 2008-11-04 Clearone Communications, Inc. Anti-reflective interference antennas with radially-oriented elements
US7480502B2 (en) * 2005-11-15 2009-01-20 Clearone Communications, Inc. Wireless communications device with reflective interference immunity
US20150244077A1 (en) * 2014-02-25 2015-08-27 Ubiquiti Networks Inc. Antenna system and method
US20130300602A1 (en) * 2012-05-08 2013-11-14 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Antenna arrays with configurable polarizations and devices including such antenna arrays
WO2017104151A1 (ja) * 2015-12-17 2017-06-22 三菱電機株式会社 アンテナ装置
US11283189B2 (en) * 2017-05-02 2022-03-22 Rogers Corporation Connected dielectric resonator antenna array and method of making the same

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US4101895A (en) * 1977-02-14 1978-07-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Multifrequency antenna system integrated into a radome
US4160976A (en) * 1977-12-12 1979-07-10 Motorola, Inc. Broadband microstrip disc antenna
FR2498015A1 (fr) * 1981-01-09 1982-07-16 France Etat Antenne en bande court-circuitee polarisee lineairement et a large bande
US4816863A (en) * 1986-11-25 1989-03-28 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Exposure control system for continuous tone electrophotographic film
GB2244381A (en) * 1990-05-23 1991-11-27 Philips Electronic Associated Microstrip patch antenna
GB2248344A (en) * 1990-09-25 1992-04-01 Secr Defence Three-dimensional patch antenna array
EP0575211A1 (de) * 1992-06-16 1993-12-22 AEROSPATIALE Société Nationale Industrielle Strahlerelement einer Antenne mit breitbandigem Durchlassbereich und aus derartigen Elementen bestehende Gruppenantenne

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101505006B (zh) * 2009-02-24 2012-09-26 中国航天科技集团公司第五研究院第五○四研究所 副反射器与馈源共用的馈源结构及其构成的双频段天线
CN114824777A (zh) * 2022-05-24 2022-07-29 西安交通大学 一种镜面单锥天线的圆弧型电路
CN114824777B (zh) * 2022-05-24 2023-06-23 西安交通大学 一种镜面单锥天线的圆弧型电路

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2714769B1 (fr) 1996-03-22
US5600331A (en) 1997-02-04
FR2714769A1 (fr) 1995-07-07

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